Sectoral Plan ADER 2015-2018

Project: Evaluation of the phytosanitary impact of planting material used in the vineyard

reconversion program in Romania on young vine plantations

(1) ADER code: 4.1.2.;

(2) Contract nr.: 4. 1. 2./22.10.2015;

(3) Financing: State budget - Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Sectoral plan ADER 2015-2018;

(4) The Contracting Authority: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development;

(5) General objective 4.1.: Improvement of integrated management of field and horticultural crops for the prevention and control of weeds, diseases and pests;

(6) Specific objective 4.1.: Sustainable use of plant resources and means of combating harmful organisms from field and horticultural crops;

(7) Project duration: 2015 – 2018;

(8) Budget value of the project: 962.850 lei;

(9) Contractor: Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection Bucharest;

ADER 4.1.2: Evaluation of the phytosanitary impact of planting material used in the vineyard

reconversion program in Romania on young vine plantations

Project coordinator:

Research-Development Institute for Plant Protection, Bucharest

(http://www.icdpp.ro)

Partner 1:

Research and Development Center for Viticulture and Winemaking, Miniș

Partner 2:

Research and Development Center for Viticulture and Winemaking, Odobești

(http://www.scv-odobesti.ro)

Project coordinator:

Research-Development

Institute for Plant

Protection, Bucharest

(http://www.icdpp.ro)

Partner 1:

Research and

Development Center for

Viticulture and

Winemaking, Miniș

Partner 2:

Research and Development

Center for Viticulture and

Winemaking, Odobești

(http://www.scv-odobesti.ro)

Partners:

Phase 1: Elaboration of working procedures for studying the phytosanitary impact of planting material on young vine plantations

Phase 2: Carrying out the model for studying the phytosanitary impact of planting material on young vine plantations

Phase 3: Quantifying the phytosanitary impact of planting material on young vine plantations set up by the reconversion program

Phase 4: Forecasting the phytosanitary impact of planting material on young vines and recommendations on the management of phytoplasmas and crown gall diseases

ADER 4.1.2: Evaluation of the phytosanitary impact of planting material used in the vineyard reconversion

program in Romania on young vine plantations

Activities:

A1: Investigation of wine-growing areas and identification of young plantations set up in the reconversion program;

A2: Surveillance of plantations on the presence of disease symptoms and insect vectors for phytoplasma;

A3: Identification of components from outbreaks of disease;

A4: Assessing the risk of introducing and spreading systemic diseases (phytoplasmosis, crown gall disease) to young vines in Romania;

A5: Wide dissemination of the results obtained in the project; participation in technical-scientific events;

County VineyardThe wine-growing

centerNr of investigated

plantations

AradMiniș -

Măderat

Păuliș 2

Ghioroc 3

Miniș 5

Măderat 6

Covăsant 3

Cuvin 1

Pâncota 5

Timiș Recaș Recaș 4

Bihor DiosigBiharia 1

Diosig 1

Satu Mare Rătești Beltiug 1

32

Number of plantations in Banat - Crişana and Maramureş vineyards investigated in 2016-2018

County Vineyard The wine-growing centerNr of investigated

plantations

Vrancea

OdobeștiOdobești 12

Jaristea 2

Cotesti

Virtescoiu 7

Cîrligele 3

Dumbraveni 2

Beciu 1

Faraoanele 1

Buzău Grebănu 2

Vrancea PanciuŢifeşti, Sârbi 4

Panciu 5

Vaslui Huși Huși 9

48

Number of of plantations in Moldova vineyards in investigated 2016-2018

Young plantations of grapevines monitored in 2016-2018 for the study of systemic diseases, phytoplasmosis, crown gall disease, and the insect vectors communities

The vineyard planting material used to set up vine plantations in the reconversion program came from (i) domestic production (ii) EU countries (>90%) (Austria, Italy, Germany, France). It should be noted that part of the planting material of the Romanian varieties was produced outside the country.

The presence of specific symptoms of phytoplasmosis was found on an average of 64.28% of the vineyard plantations established by the reconversion program in the western wine-growing area and an average of 86.95% in the country's east wine-growing area. The most affected were the Chardonnay, Pinot noir and Merlot varieties.

Specific symptoms of crown gall disease were in 10.71% of the plantations in the viticultural area in the west of the country and 69.56% of the plantations in the country's east wine-growing area. Riesling Italian (in the west) and Fetească neagră (in the east) were the most affected. The planting material for these varieties was from the EU.

It has been identified that Rhizobium vitis, bv.3 is responsible for the induction of tumors in the graft vines analyzed with disease symptoms.

We identified the presence of the black wood phytoplasma ('Ca. P. solani', taxonomic group 16SrXII-A) in vine plants with disease symptoms.

Results obtained within the project ADER. 4.1.2.

Specific symptoms of diseases produced by phytoplasmosis detected in plantations with red varieties

Symptoms of disease produced by phytoplasmosis in grape varieties with white grapes

Symptoms of crown gall disease in vines with black and white grapes

Reptalus panzeri

Phlogotettix cyclops

Neoaliturus

fenestratusHyalesthes obsoletus

Species of leafhoppers and planthoppers with a role in the spread of phytoplasmas identified in the investigated vine

plantation in 2016-208

The presence of vectors for phytoplasmosis was found in all plantations in both viticultural areas, Banat - Crişana and

Maramureş and Moldova vineyards in 2016-2018

Vectors for FD phytoplasma: Scaphoideus titanus, Phlogotettix cyclops, Dictyophara europaea, Anoplotettix fuscovenosus,

Fieberiella florii.

Vectors for BN phytoplasma: Hyalesthes obsoletus, Reptalus quinquecostatus, Neoaliturus fenestratus, Anaceratagallia

ribauti, Allygus mixtus, Philaenus spumarius.

Fieberiella florii

Scaphoideus titanus Dictyophara europaea

0%

19% 0%

4% 0%

0% 0%

3%

14%

36%

0%

24%

0% Hyalesthes obsoletus

Reptalus quinquecostatus

Dictyophara europaea

Philaenus spumarius

Aphrophora alni

Metcalfa pruinosa

Anaceratagallia ribauti

Scaphoideus titanus

Fieberiella florii

Neoaliturus fenestratus

Psammotettix sp.

Anoplotettix fuscovenosus

Phlogotettix cyclops

Species of vectors for phytoplasma detected in wine-

growing plantations in Banat-Crişana and Maramureş

area in 2016-20182%

10%0%

4%

0%

4%

31%

12%

35%

0%

2%0%

0%Hyalesthes obsoletusReptalus quinquecostatusDictyophara europaeaPhilaenus spumariusAphrophora alniAnaceratagallia ribautiScaphoideus titanusFieberiella floriiNeoaliturus fenestratusPsammotettix sp.Anoplotettix fuscovenosusPhlogotettix cyclops

Species of vectors for phytoplasma detected in wine-growing plantations

in Moldova area in 2016 - 2018

FD

FD

Scaphoideus titanus

The main natural vector of FD phytoplasma

eggs

L3

L4

L5

Monitoring leafhopper species in vineyard plantations using yellow sticky traps

Scaphoideus titanus

Variety

Miniș 2016

Chlorophyll a

(µg/ml)

Chlorophyll b

(µg/ml)

Total

chlorophyll

(µg/ml)

Chlorophyll a /

Chlorophyll b

Carotenoids

(µg/ml)

Carotenoids /

Total

chlorophyll

Pinot Noir

(healthy) 98.04 48.56 146.6 2.02 31.03 0.21

(affected) 51.24 31.92 83.16 1.60 15.17 0.18

Dif. -46.8 -16.64 -63.44 -0.42 -15.86 -0.03

Cabernet

Sauvignon

(healthy) 109.84 47.21 157.05 2.33 23.56 0.15

(affected) 51.00 30.92 81.92 1.64 11.69 0.14

Dif. -58.84 -16.29 -75.13 -0.69 -11.87 -0.01

Fetească Neagră

(healthy) 132.45 68.33 200.78 1.94 27.12 0.14

(affected) 58.87 36.29 95.15 1.61 15.31 0.16

Dif. -73.58 -32.04 -105.63 -0.33 -11.81 +0.02

Blaufränkisch

(healthy) 151.86 71.41 223.27 2.13 27.94 0.13

(affected) 72.76 30.54 103.30 2.37 20.13 0.20

Dif. -79.1 -40.87 -119.97 +0.24 -7.81 +0.07

Welschriesling

(healthy) 117.62 46.96 164.58 2.5 31.32 0.19

(affected) 55.58 30.27 85.84 1.85 12.30 0.15

Dif. -62.04 -16.69 -78.74 -0.65 -19.02 -0.04

Gewürztraminer

(healthy) 94.76 35.4 130.16 2.68 20.37 0.16

(affected) 34.97 22.43 57.39 1.63 8.09 0.14

Dif. -59.79 -12.97 -72.77 -1.05 -12.28 -0.02

Variation of the content in assimilating pigments in leaves of healthy varieties and affected by phytoplasmosis, Miniș 2016

Risk factors identified:

o insufficient knowledge of systemic diseases, phytoplasmosis and crown gall disease;

o insufficient knowledge of the role of some hoppers in the spread of phytoplasma diseases in grapevine;

o the absence of a scheme of chemical treatments to combat the S. titanus leafhopper- the most important natural vector

of the quarantine organism, the Flavescence dorée phytoplasma;

o the presence of untreated lands between plantations, drainage channels and rainwater harvesters, abandoned vine

plantations with favorable host vegetation for vectors and pathogens;

o Neglected young vine plantations in the vicinity of managed vine plantations;

o the absence of a regional plan to monitor vectors in abandoned vine plantations;

o storage of wood material resulting from dry cuts (representing a source for S. titanus to lay eggs) near commercial helthy

vine plantations;

o the presence of host plants other than cultured vines (Vitis), ex wild grapevine and clematis escalating the wood

vegetation in the vicinity of commercial plantations;

o insufficient control of weeds in plantations, ex. Convolvulus arvensis and Urtica dioica are hosts for vector cicadas and

for black wood phytoplasma and are disease natural outbreaks.

Old abandoned plantations in the vicinity of managed vineyards

The presence of wild vines and

old man's beard, Clematis vitalba

Excessive weeds growing inside

grapevine plantations

Young unmaintained viticultural plants

Storage of grapevine branches resulting from

winter cuts near vineyards

Factors favoring the spreading of phytoplasmosis

Application of the results

2015: 10 December 2015, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences ’Gheorghe Ionescu Şişeşti’, Bucharest ”The Round Table” to launch the project ADER 412. Participants: AAFS representatives (5%); MADR representatives (5%); Academics (20%); Researchers (70%).Annual Scientific Symposium of the Working Group ’Grapevine flavescence doree and Scaphoideus titanus’ (The GFD-follow-up meeting), Slovak Agricultural University of Nitra, (Department of Plant Protection), Slovakia, 27 April 2016, presentation: ‘The situation of Scaphoideus titanus leafhopper and FD disease in Romania’ (Chireceanu C. et. al.).2016: 8th International Congress of Zoology of “Grigore Antipa” Museum (CZGA 2016), Invasive species section, 16-19 November2016, Bucharest, Romania: Constantina Chireceanu, A. Teodoru, Gh. Mihu, T. Podrumar, V. Fatu, A. Chiriloaie, Daniela Dobromir, Marioara Bosoi, Ileana Stoian (2016). - New data on the distribution of the Scaphoideus titanus leafhopper in Romanian vineyards. Book of abstracts, p. 141.Participation of RDIPP Bucharest to the project competition in the PN III Program - European and International Cooperation- Bilateral Subprogram 3.1. – Romania – Moldova cooperation, with the project proposal Molecular identification of pathogens of vines in Romania and Moldova. Partner in Moldova - Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection in Chișinău. The evaluation result 89 p, unfunded.Project brochure: Constantina Chireceanu (2016).- Fitoplasmosis in the grapevines, Ed. Oscar print, ISBN 978-973-668-438-8. 31 pages.2017: 8th International Symposium on Agriculture “AGROSYM 2017”, Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 4-9.10.2017: two papers (1) Constantina Chireceanu, A. Teodoru, Gh. Mihu, Marioara Bosoi, Ileana Stoian (2017).- Presence of the grapevine leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus in vineyards in Eastern Romania. Book of Proceedings, VIII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium, ‘Agrosym 2017’, 1261-1266. (2) Cristina Petrisor, Constantina Chireceanu, T. Podrumar (2017).- Physiological and biochemical changes in grapevine leaves affected by yellowing and reddening symptoms. Book of Proceedings, VIII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium, ‘Agrosym 2017’, 1267-1272.The scientific session of RDIPP, Bucharest, 10 November 2017: Lixandru M., Fendrihan S (2017).- Experiments and observations on the presence and control of crown gall disease in Romanian vineyards. Book of abstracts, p 71.8th International Congress of Zoology of “Grigore Antipa” Museum (CZGA 2017), Invasive species section, 22-25 November 2017, Bucharest: Constantina Chireceanu, A. Teodoru, Gh. Mihu, T. Podrumar (2017).- Presence of Phlogotettix cyclops (Mulsant & Rey, 1855) (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) in vineyards of Romania. Book of abstracts, p 150.Project brochure: Constantina Chireceanu, Sorina Dinu, Gh. Mihu, T. Podrumar, Daniela Dobromir (2017).- Crown gall disease in grapevine.Ed. Oscar Print, ISBN 978-973-668-479-1. 65 pag.

2018: 17.05.2018, Focșani, within the existing conference premises at the Agriculture Department of Vrancea County- ” The round table” with the

theme ” Systemic diseases in vines in vines - crown gall disease and phytoplasmoses”.

Presentations:

Mihu G., si colab.- Evaluation of Vineyard Vineyards Established in the Reconversion Program for crown gall disease infestations.

Chireceanu Constantinasi colab.- Yellowing of vines produced by phytoplasmas (Flavescence dorée/black wood) - symptoms, vectors, prevention

and combat. Spreading in vineyards in Vrancea County.

Participants: Directorate for Agriculture of Vrancea County (5%); AAFS representatives (2,5%); ANF representatives (2,5%); Plant Protection

companies (2,5%); Researchers (25%); Viticulturists from the Vrancea area (62,5%).

Brochure distribution: Grapevine phytoplasmosis, Grapevine crown gall disease.

Flyers: Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera:Cicadellidae), American grapevine leafhopper - description, biology, combat; Symptomatology of

systemic crown gall disease and phytoplasmosis in the vine.

Event popularization:

https://www.ziaruldevrancea.ro/promo/advertorial/boli-sistemice-la-vita-de-vie-din-podgoriile-vrancene---cancerul-bacterian-si-fitoplasmozele--

masa-rotunda-la-sediul-directiei-pentru-agricultura-judeteana-vrancea

https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=164720254078971&story_fbid=234759577075038

https://ro-ro.facebook.com/scdvvodobesti36/

’’International Conference of the Scientific Actualities and Innovations in Horticulture’’ (SAIH2018), Kaunas, Lithuania, 2-6.06.2018: plenary

presentations (1) Presence of the grapevine leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus in vineyards in Weastern Romania, Constantina Chireceanu, A.

Teodoru, T. Podrumar, Daniela Dobromir. Book of abstracts, p 71. (2) Organic acids and sugars profile of some grapevine cultivars affected by

Yellows Grapevine symptoms, Cristina Petrișor, Constantina Chireceanu. Book of abstracts, p 99-100.

’’The 17th International Symposium - Prospects for the 3rd Millennium Agriculture” of USAMV Cluj Napoca, Romania, 26-29.09.2018 : Three poster

presentations (i) Monitoring of the Auchenorrhyncha fauna in vineyards set up through the reconversion and restructuring program in Romania to

detect the vectors for phytoplasmas; (ii)Defense response of some grapevine cultivars to yellows and reddening symptoms specific to

phytoplasmoses diseases; (iii)Physiological profile of some pathogenic bacteria isolated from grapevine crown gall.

RDIPP The scientific session, Bucharest, 9 November 2018: poster (i) The vine bud moth, Theresimima ampellophaga (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) – a

new occurrence in vineyards in Romania; (ii) The incidence of crown gall disease in young vines (Mihu Ghică, Constantina Chireceanu); (iii) Assessing

the impact of systemic diseases, phytoplasmosis and crown gall disease in vine plantations established by the Romanian reconversion program

(Chireceanu C, A. Teodoru, Gh. Mihu, T. Podrumar, C. Petrişor, O. Sicuia-Boiu, S. Dinu, M. Puşcalău, D. Dobromir, A. Chiriloaie, V. Fatu, M. Lixandru).

Cristina Petrișor, Constantina Chireceanu (2018). Organic acids and sugars profile of some grapevine cultivars affected by Yellows Grapevine

symptoms. RBL, (IF 2017/2018 0.321): (accepted 2018).

Oana Sicuia-Boiu, Florica Constantinescu (2018). Physiological profile of some pathogenic bacteria isolated from grapevine crown gall. Bulletin

UASVM Horticulture (accepted 2018).

Tabular database containing information on the distribution of the investigated plantations, established through the Romanian vineyard

reconversion program, location, technical characteristics (areas, year of establishment, varieties, origin of planting material) corroborated with the

phytosanitary risks identified in the project: the presence of symptoms of phytoplasmosis and crown gall disease, phytoplasma insect vectors.