Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global...

69
Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system Alexandra Pollitt, Gavin Cochrane, Anne Kirtley, Joachim Krapels, Vincent Larivière, Catherine Lichten, Sarah Parks, Steven Wooding

Transcript of Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global...

Page 1: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global

mental health research funding system

Alexandra Pollitt, Gavin Cochrane, Anne Kirtley, Joachim Krapels, Vincent Larivière, Catherine Lichten, Sarah Parks, Steven Wooding

Page 2: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

For more information on Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system, visit www.randeurope.org/mental-health-ecosystem

Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., and Cambridge, UK

© Copyright 2016 RAND Corporation

R® is a registered trademark.

RAND Europe is a not-for-profit research organisation that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.

Limited Print and Electronic Distribution RightsThis document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for com-mercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html.

Support RAND

Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at

www.rand.org/giving/contribute

www.rand.org

www.randeurope.org

For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1271

Page 3: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Preface

This study maps the global funding of mental health research between 2009 and 2014. It builds from the bottom up a picture of who the major funders are, what kinds of research they support and how their strategies relate to one another. It also looks to the future, considering some of the areas of focus, challenges and opportunities which may shape the field in the coming few years. We hope that developing a shared understanding of these facets will aid coordination and planning and assist research funders in targeting their scarce resources effectively.

This report and the accompanying documents produced as part of the study are available at www.randeurope.org/mental-health-ecosystem.

Acknowledgements:We are grateful to the International Alliance of Mental Health Research Funders and in particu-lar the members of the Alliance who kindly sup-ported the study: the Graham Boeckh Founda-tion, Alberta Innovates – Health Solutions, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the UK National Institute for Health Research, the Well-come Trust, MQ: Transforming Mental Health, and the Movember Foundation.

The bibliometric data for the study was pro-vided by the Observatoire des sciences et des tech-

nologies (OST). Eddy Nason contributed to the Canadian fieldwork and the team at berResearch contributed useful discussion and suggestions.

We would like to thank those who commented on earlier drafts of this report (Ian Boeckh and Danielle Kemmer at the Graham Boeckh Foun-dation, Cynthia Joyce at MQ and Jonathan Grant at King’s College London). We very much appre-ciated the helpful and timely comments of our quality assurance reviewers (Salil Gunashekar and Saba Hinrichs). The report was copy-edited by Mark Hughes and designed by Jessica Plumridge and Paul Barrett Book Production.

Finally, we are very grateful to all of the organ-isations who agreed to participate in our deep dive reviews and the researchers who completed sur-veys as part of the study.

For more information about RAND Europe or this document, please contact:

Alexandra PollittRAND EuropeWestbrook CentreMilton RoadCambridge CB4 1YGUnited KingdomTel. +44 (1223) 353 [email protected]

Page 4: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we
Page 5: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiiTable of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vFigures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

Headline findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

ChaPTer 1Introduction and background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1. Previous studies aiming to map research funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.2. Our approach, its strengths and its limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3. Structure of this report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

ChaPTer 2Mapping the mental health research funding landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1. how big is the field of mental health research? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.2. how many mental health research funders are there? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.3. Who are they? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.4. Where are they? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.5. What are they funding? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.6. how do funders relate to one another? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

ChaPTer 3What does the future hold? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.1. Deep dive profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.2. Views on the future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

ChaPTer 4What next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43annex 1 – Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45annex 2 – The UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

annex 3 – Funder acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Page 6: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Figures

Figure 1-1 Study aims and data sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Figure 2-1 Cleaning process of funders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Figure 2-2 Funders with ten or more acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Figure 2-3 Number of funders (and respective acknowledgements) by funder type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Figure 2-4 Distribution of funders in the government and charity/foundation/non-profit sectors, by numbers of papers on which they are acknowledged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Figure 2-5 Average of relative citations by funder sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Figure 2-6 Number of government, charity, foundation and non-profit mental health research

funders by country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Figure 2-7 Government funders by country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Figure 2-8 Charity, foundation and non-profit funders by country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Figure 2-9 Average relative citations by country of funder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Figure 2-10 Acknowledgements per funder country by R&D expenditure: (i) all countries. (ii)

excluding the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Figure 2-11 Papers in complete data set with ‘Mental Disorder’ MeSH terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Figure 2-12 Coxcomb plot of papers with acknowledgement data and Mental Disorder MeSH terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Figure 2-13 Funding acknowledgements by sector for each group of MeSH terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Figure 2-14 Research level of papers by year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Figure 2-15 Research level of papers by funder sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Figure 2-16 Network of co-acknowledged funders in the entire mental health data set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Figure 2-17 Network of co-acknowledged funders – neurodegenerative and cognition disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Figure 2-18 Network of co-acknowledged funders – depressive, anxiety and personality disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Figure 2-19 Network of co-acknowledged funders – substance use and addictive disorders . . . . . . . . 28Figure 2-20 Network of co-acknowledged funders – neurodevelopmental disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Figure 2-21 Network of co-acknowledged funders – schizophrenia, bipolar and other psychotic

disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Figure 2-22 Network of co-acknowledged funders – “Adolescent”, “Child”, “infant” and “young adult” categories in MeSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Figure 2-23 Network of co-acknowledged funders – “Aged” and “middle aged” categories in MeSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Figure A1-1 Breakdown of number of Canadian funders and funding acknowledgements by funder sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Figure A1-2 Average relative citations by funder sector - Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Figure A1-3 Network of co-acknowledgement of all Canadian funders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Figure A1-4 Network of co-acknowledged funders on Canadian papers in the entire mental health data set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Figure A1-5 Flows of research funding: (i) Canadian funders supporting papers with corresponding authors outside Canada and (ii) papers with Canadian corresponding

authors acknowledging non-Canadian funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Page 7: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Figure A2-1 Breakdown of number of UK funders and funding acknowledgement by funder sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Figure A2-2 Average relative citations by funder sector - UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Figure A2-3 Network of co-acknowledgement of all UK funders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Figure A2-4 Network of co-acknowledged funders on UK papers in the entire mental health data set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Figure A2-5 Flows of research funding: (i) UK funders supporting papers with corresponding authors outside the UK and (ii) papers with UK corresponding authors acknowledging non-UK funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Page 8: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Tables

Table 2-1 Top 30 most frequently acknowledged funders globally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Table 2-2 Top ten most frequently acknowledged funding countries for each group of MeSH terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Table 3-1 Funders included in deep dive profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Table A1-1 Top 30 funders in Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Table A2-1 Top 30 funders in the UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Page 9: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

1. The field of mental health research is large (and growing) and diverse – over 220,000 papers were published between 2009 and 2014, sup-ported by over 1,900 funders.

2. Many of the funders identified using our approach would have been unlikely to appear in a top-down analysis of ‘traditional’ mental health research funders: we identified small or relatively new charities and foundations, as well as larger funders whose primary remit does not concern mental health.

3. The US dominates the mental health research field, being both the largest producer of research (36 per cent of publications) and accounting for 31 per cent of government and charity/founda-tion/non-profit funding organisations.

4. Charities, foundations and non-profits form the most numerous group of mental health research funders (39 per cent of the funders identi-fied), but governments fund the most papers, accounting for over two-thirds of the papers with funding acknowledgements.

5. In the mental health field, papers acknowl-edging the support of charities, foundations and non-profits tend to have a higher citation impact than those acknowledging other sectors.

6. The highest concentrations of mental health research funders are located in North America, northern and western Europe and China. China is dominated by government funding agencies,

while some European countries, in particu-lar Finland and Sweden, have relatively higher numbers of charities and foundations.

7. The mental health papers which focus on a clini-cal condition cluster into eight groups, with the most common conditions being neurodegener-ative and cognition disorders; depressive, anxi-ety and personality disorders; and substance use and addictive disorders.

8. Funder co-acknowledgement on papers tends to produce national rather than topic-specific clusters, suggesting that despite increasing international collaboration, national boundaries still remain important in mental health research funding.

9. The majority of mental health research funders we looked at in depth do not have an explicit definition for mental health.

10. Funders of mental health research anticipate future or continuing challenges relating to the diversity of the field, difficulty in maintaining funding levels, and the translation of research into practice.

11. Opportunities identified by mental health research funders include increasing collabora-tion, developing shared definitions, capitalising on government priorities, developing a key role for non-governmental funders and the advance of technology.

Headline findings

Page 10: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we
Page 11: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mental illness has a substantial impact on individ-uals, healthcare systems and society. Recent esti-mates suggest that mental and substance use dis-orders comprise 7.4 per cent of the global burden of disease and represent the leading global cause of all non-fatal burden (Whiteford et al., 2013). This burden is increasing, primarily due to demographic change, which is also driving a dramatic increase in neurodegenerative conditions such as demen-tias and Parkinson’s disease (Murray et al., 2012). When considering in isolation years lived with dis-ability (YLD), mental health and substance abuse disorders represent 21.2 per cent of the global total, with major depression being the leading cause of YLDs in 56 countries (Vos et al., 2015). Aside from the impact of mental illness on individuals, it has been estimated that between 2011 and 2030, mental disorders could cost the global economy US$16 trillion in lost output (Bloom et al. 2011).

between 2011 and 2030, mental disorders could cost the global economy US$16 trillion in lost output

For many mental health conditions we have a poor understanding of the underlying mecha-nisms and there remains a lack of effective treat-ments (Insel & Gogtay 2014). Research is needed to address these challenges. The field of mental health research is broad and fragmented (e.g. Haro et al. 2013; Rutter 2002). It covers a diversity of health conditions, employs a wide array of differ-

ent research approaches and is driven by a large and varied population of researchers and funding organisations (as we demonstrate in this report). In a context where important, complex questions remain unaddressed and resources are limited, these characteristics present a significant challenge for efficiently coordinating and conducting research.

While a number of national or subfield-specific research mapping exercises have taken place in the past, there has not yet been, to the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive review of the entire mental health research funding ‘ecosystem’ on a global scale. At a time when research is becoming increasingly collaborative and international (e.g. Gazni et al. 2012; Waltman et al. 2011), such an overview will allow funders to better understand the context in which they operate and the com-plementarity of their portfolios, and will enable researchers to identify opportunities in both their own fields and related areas.

This study aims to provide a snapshot of the mental health research funding ecosystem, build-ing from the bottom up a picture of who the major funders are, what kinds of research they support and how their strategies relate to one another. We did this using the funding acknowledgements on journal papers as a starting point and looked at the global landscape, as well as specifically at Canada and the UK (which were of particular interest to the study’s sponsors and are detailed in Annex 1 and Annex 2, respectively).

It is interesting to note that although ‘funders’ is a commonly used term, there is considerable diver-sity in mission and activities. Some funders pri-marily, or exclusively, award research grants whilst other funders also control institutes and centres; some have a single source of funds and others both raise and dispense money. We have taken a wide definition of funders – basing it on those organisa-tions that appear in the funding acknowledgements

Chapter 1 Introduction and background

Page 12: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

2 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

research funding in the United States (Singh et al. 2009, Daniels 2012) and global funding for metastatic breast cancer (Metastatic Breast Cancer Alliance 2014). A framework for categorising Alzheimer’s Disease research has been established, enabling global tracking of funding through the International Alzheimer’s Disease Research Portfo-lio (IADRP) initiative (Liggins et al. 2014).

1.2 Our approach, its strengths and its limitations

Our approach builds on previous studies, taking advantage of increasing data availability and adopting a global perspective in mapping mental health research funding. Four key questions are central to achieving this:

• Who are the major mental health research funders?

• What do they fund?• How do they relate to one another?• What opportunities and challenges might the

future hold?

This study aimed to answer these questions using primarily a bottom-up approach, in that we took individual journal papers – the outputs of the research process – as a starting point for defining the mental health field, identifying funders and constructing a data set for the subsequent analy-ses. However, as the systematic use of this kind of approach in examining the funders of research still remains relatively unexplored, we complement it with data from a number of other sources to vali-date assumptions and emerging findings. These data sources and how they relate to the study’s key questions are shown in Figure 1-1. Our pri-mary data source was the funding acknowledge-ments made by researchers on papers published between 2009 and 2014. A survey of researchers was used to explore acknowledgement behaviour and validate the list of funders obtained from the acknowledgement analysis. A telephone survey of the major funders identified in Canada, the UK and globally provided qualitative data on the level and nature of funding, current priorities and col-laboration activities. Finally, a set of 32 ‘deep dive’ profiles of funders was compiled, looking in depth at their current practices and future plans. Fur-ther detail on the methods for each of these data sources is provided in Appendix A.

of journal articles – and the sample of funders we have examined in detail reflect that diversity.

Alongside our mapping of the global land-scape of funders our study also includes a forward-looking component, highlighting for the major funders globally the areas in which they intend to focus their efforts in the coming years, as well as the opportunities and challenges they expect to shape the field.

We hope that by setting out the current land-scape and considering the future evolution of the field, those working in mental health research will have a more complete picture of the scale and nature of efforts to address the many unanswered questions which remain. Developing a shared understanding of these facets will aid coordina-tion and planning and assist research funders in targeting their scarce resources effectively.

1.1 Previous studies aiming to map research funding

While we believe this study to be the first to exam-ine the global funding landscape for the entire mental health field, previous studies have looked at specific research areas and countries, in mental health as well as in other areas of health and bio-medical research. Several of these studies use a ‘top-down’ approach, tracking the activities of key funders in the area of interest (CIHR 2014, Daniels 2012, MBCA 2014, Morgan Jones & Grant 2011, MQ 2015, Singh et al. 2009). Others apply a ‘bot-tom-up’ approach similar to that used in the pres-ent study, where funding acknowledgements from relevant papers are used to identify which funders are active in an area of interest and to characterise aspects of their support (Dawson 1998, Garau et al. 2011, NHS Executive 2001, Shah et al. 2014). These bottom-up studies have focused on map-ping National Health Service research in England (NHS Executive 2001), exploring interactions among UK biomedical research funders (Garau et al. 2011 and Shah et al. 2014), and assessing national trends in biomedical research funding in the UK (Dawson 1998).

Of particular relevance for mental health research, UK charity MQ carried out an analysis of the research funding landscape for mental health in the UK over the period 2008-2013 (MQ 2015). It focused on the research portfolios of 11 UK fund-ing bodies. Other studies have focused on autism

Page 13: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Introduction and background 3

Web of Science. This database field allows us to approximate the number of papers attributed to support from different research funders and thus sheds light on the global funding landscape of mental health research.

Using bibliometric funding acknowledgements as the initial data source for the study has several important advantages:

• It allows us to draw on a single data source for the vast majority of our data, helping ensure consistency.

• The Web of Science consistently covers the most visible and important journals across fields, affording a comprehensive overview of the entire mental health research field during our time period.

• Unlike in top-down approaches, we can iden-tify funders who, despite having no explicit mission or intention to support mental health research, are nonetheless contributing to the research landscape.

• We can identify industry funders, a sector often not included in previous analyses.

• Crucially, the funding acknowledgements in the database are linked to a range of other key variables, including topic, country, co-authors and number of citations at the level of individ-ual papers.

Why use bibliometric data?A number of prior studies have explored the research funding landscape using a top-down approach (as mentioned previously), identifying funders and then mapping the areas in which they operate. While this approach allows for reliable and detailed analysis of major funders, it also requires us to know who these funders are from the outset. In this study we chose a bottom-up approach, gen-erating a list of research funders from bibliometric data, in the expectation that this would result in a more complete list of organisations supporting research in the mental health field and allowing the relationships between them and the profile of their funded research to emerge from the data.

Using bibliometric data as the initial basis for our analysis was made possible by the increasing availability of systematic information on the fund-ing of papers indexed in the publications database Web of Science. This data on funding is compiled from the acknowledgements made by research-ers on journal papers. Scientific publications have long included acknowledgements, whether to express gratitude for funding, expert advice, tech-nical help or other support provided by individu-als or organisations. More recently this practice has become more formal with an increasing number of research funders requiring support to be acknowl-edged in publications. In the past this information has not been analysable at an aggregate level, but in 2008 Thomson Reuters began systematically extracting acknowledgements of research funding, making this data available in a specific field in the

Figure 1-1Study aims and data sources (dark shading indicates primary data source; light shading indicates supporting data source)

Data source

Funding acknowledgements

Researcher survey

Funder survey

Other bibliometric data1

Funder deep dives

Identifying major funders

Examining what they fund

Exploring how they relate to one another

Considering future plans

1 Other bibliometric data includes information extracted from papers relating to topic, countries of authors, co-authors and number of citations.

Page 14: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

While our approach has many advantages, we also recognise that funding acknowledgement data is a relatively new tool for addressing the kinds of ques-tions that form the basis of this study and that our understanding of strengths and flaws in the data is still evolving (e.g. Costas & van Leeuwen 2012). As a result, there remain uncertainties about the extent to which it can provide a reliable basis for this kind of exploration. Therefore, we have taken an inquisitive and sceptical approach towards the data. The study’s methods were selected to address these uncertainties and ensure the validity, accu-racy and utility of our findings. The areas of con-cern (some of which we identified at the outset of the project and others which became appar-ent throughout), along with the actions taken to address them, are set out in the text box on the right.

1.3 Structure of this report

Three components make up the outputs of this study: this report, which provides a broad over-view of the global research funding ecosystem; a set of 32 ‘deep dive’ profiles of research funders in Canada, the UK and globally; and a set of six cards looking at particular cross-cutting themes which emerged from the funder profiles (all available at www.randeurope.org/mental-health-ecosystem).

The remainder of this report consists of a map-ping of the overall mental health research funding ecosystem in Chapter 2 and a summary of funders’ future plans emerging from the deep dives in Chapter 3, before concluding in Chapter 4 with a discussion of how this analysis might be built upon and developed in the coming years. The two annexes provide separate analyses for Canada and the UK, while the supporting appendices detail the methods, definitions of indicators and other additional data.

What comprises ‘mental health’? Have we selected the right papers?As part of the study we conducted a telephone survey of the most frequently acknowledged funders globally (and separately for Canada and the UK). This revealed that there is no common definition of mental health in use by funders. In the absence of a universally agreed definition, we based our definition on that used in a previous study examining global mental health research outputs, based on journal and paper-level topic classification (see Appendix A and Larivière et al. 2013). The one difference made for the present study was to include substance-related disorders, which it was felt by the study’s advisory committee were an important element of the mental health field.

A challenge for studies identifying research that is specific to a particular condition is how to deal with basic research that may, or may not, end up supporting developments in multiple clinical fields – for example, basic neuroscience research could support developments in stroke or neurological conditions as well as in mental health. The aim of this study was to identify research that is clinically relevant to mental health and for that reason we used clinical terms to define the scope of the data set. This means that while we still capture basic research which has been identified as clinically relevant when published (through MeSH terms or publication in a journal classified in psychiatry), we miss other basic research whose clinical relevance was not clear at the time of publication.

Are there funders missing from the bibliometric data?To validate the list of research funders obtained from the funding acknowledgement data, we carried out a small-scale survey of researchers selected at random from our paper set (55 responses; for details see Appendix A). None of the survey participants reported receiving funding from organisations which were not already included in our data, and so while we cannot be certain that it includes every single funder, we believe the list to be fairly comprehensive.

How robust is the data set?

Page 15: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Introduction and background 5

Are funding acknowledgements found consistently on all papers?As Thomson Reuters only began systematically recording funding acknowledgements part way through 2008, we do not include papers published before 2009 in our analysis. Just under half of the papers in our data set contained funding acknowledgements and, as might be expected for a newly introduced data field, this proportion has increased year on year. We have no reason to believe that the absence of funding acknowledgements on some papers would systematically bias our analysis. Figure A1-1 in Appendix A shows the number of papers with and without funding acknowledgements for each year.

Our data set also revealed that the number of acknowledgements per paper has increased over time (see Appendix A). However, a corresponding increase can be seen in the number of authors per paper over this period, with the result that the number of acknowledgements per author has remained constant. This seems a logical observation, given that additional collaborators may bring with them additional funding to a research team.

Do researchers acknowledge funding in the way we would expect? A second small-scale survey of researchers carried out as part of this study explored the acknowledgement behaviour of researchers. This revealed that researchers tend to think about their funding as separate pots of money to support specific pieces of research, either exclusively or alongside a more general pool of funding (for example, a longer term fellowship award). In contrast, very few researchers reported pooling their funding and acknowledging all of their funding sources on all publications. This means that at the aggregate level, the funding acknowledgements reported on papers should broadly reflect the overall distribution of research funding. The survey did, however, reveal that we may not fully capture, for example, infrastructure contributions supporting research, as few researchers reported acknowledging facilities and equipment provided by their institution (see Appendix A for further details). For this reason, we remain cautious in drawing

conclusions about academic institutions identified as funders in our analysis.

Are mentions of industry funders in the funding acknowledgement field qualitatively the same as for other funders?As the funding acknowledgement field in Web of Science is populated by extracting funder names from the acknowledgement sections of papers, we were concerned that mentions of organisations in the pharmaceutical sector may not always reflect funding, but instead relate to declarations of potential conflicts of interest by the authors. To explore this issue further we manually examined a sample of 80 papers with industry funding acknowledgements. This revealed that, in general, papers mentioning more than two industry funders tended to relate to conflict of interest declarations. To account for this in the subsequent analyses, acknowledgements were excluded where the paper had more than two industry funders listed. This led to the removal of 962 papers from our core analysis (as these papers were left with no acknowledgements).

Do we capture different variants of the same funder’s name?While some funders ask researchers to acknowledge their support in a standard form, for others there are many variants that exist in the funding acknowledgement field in Web of Science (for example, due to the use of acronyms, inclusion of the funder’s country in the name or simply spelling mistakes). To minimise the effect of this, all variants which were found in ten or more papers were manually examined and attributed to the correct organisation. Manual searches were also carried out across the whole data set to identify additional variants of the funders occurring most frequently. This means that while there is a long ‘tail’ of funder names, some of which may be variants of those in our core analysis set, none of these are acknowledged on more than nine papers and so their exclusion from the totals should not have a major impact on the analysis.

Page 16: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we
Page 17: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

2.1 How big is the field of mental health research?

In identifying the major funders of mental health research globally we first need to define the field we are considering. In this study we did this on the basis of journal publications, representing the knowledge output of funded research. While this does not allow us to assign a monetary value to the volume of research funded in the mental health field (something discussed further in Chapter 4), it does provide a picture of the volume of knowledge produced, the subfields in which research is taking place and the various actors involved in the mental

health research funding ecosystem. As in a previ-ous peer-reviewed study mapping mental health publications (Larivière et al. 2013), our selected paper set for this exercise was defined according to a combination of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms)2 assigned to individual papers and the categorisation of the journals in which they appear. A key difference in this study was that while the previous definition explicitly excluded substance-related disorders, a decision was taken

2 MeSH terms are a controlled vocabulary of topic descriptors assigned by the US National Library of Medicine to journal papers.

Chapter 2 Mapping the mental health research funding landscape

1. The field of mental health research is large (and growing) and diverse – over 220,000 papers were published between 2009 and 2014, supported by over 1,900 funders.

2. Many of the funders identified using our approach would have been unlikely to appear in a top-down analysis of ‘traditional’ mental health research funders: we identified small or relatively new charities and foundations, as well as larger funders whose primary remit does not concern mental health.

3. The United States dominates the mental health research field, being both the largest producer of research (36 per cent of publications) and account-ing for 31 per cent of government and charity/foundation/non-profit funding organisations.

4. Charities, foundations and non-profits form the most numerous group of mental health research funders (39 per cent of the funders identified), but governments fund the most papers, account-ing for over two-thirds of the papers with funding acknowledgements.

5. In the mental health field, papers acknowledging the support of charities, foundations and non-profits tend to have a higher citation impact than those acknowledging other sectors.

6. The highest concentrations of mental health research funders are located in North America, northern and western Europe and China. China is dominated by government funding agencies, while some European countries, in particular Fin-land and Sweden, have relatively higher numbers of charities and foundations.

7. The mental health papers which focus on a clini-cal condition cluster into eight groups, with the most common conditions being neurodegenera-tive and cognition disorders; depressive, anxiety and personality disorders; and substance use and addictive disorders.

8. Funder co-acknowledgement on papers tends to produce national rather than topic-specific clusters, suggesting that despite increasing international collaboration, national boundaries still remain important in mental health research funding.

Key points

Page 18: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

8 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

ments in our sample mention one or more of these funders, representing 72 per cent of the total acknowledgements identified. These 1,908 organ-isations form the core set of funders used in the subsequent analyses.

This total was reached through an extensive data cleaning process, summarised in Figure 2-1 above. As noted above, around half of the papers identified (49.5 per cent) contained fund-ing acknowledgements (of course, this does not mean that the other papers did not receive fund-ing; acknowledging support is rarely mandatory/enforceable). Since in some instances more than one funder was acknowledged, the total number

of acknowledgements was 364,324, which cor-responded to 102,324 different funder names. Given the expected inconsistencies in the form of funder names (for example, differing use of acronyms or inconsistencies in spelling), the data required substantial manual cleaning, which reduced the number of unique funder names to 56,887.4 Further manual checking of those with acknowledgements in at least ten papers and the removal of conflict of interest declarations pro-duced the final group of 1,908 funders used in our analysis. Selecting funders and then examining what they fund would have been very unlikely to have allowed the identification of this number of organisations.

4 It is also important to note that while some funding acknowledgements were specific to a particular department or initiative within a funding institution others would be very general. For example, one paper may reference a particular NHS hospital whereas another may just reference NHS England. In order to ensure accurate data analysis of the funders, names were aggregated to the highest level where possible.

Our analysis revealed 1,908 funders with ten or more acknowledgements in the data set

this time in consultation with the study’s advisory group to include such papers, due to the complex interactions between substance use and mental health. The full criteria for the retrieval of papers are set out in Appendix A.

Our data set comprised 229,980 papers pub-lished during the period 2009-2014. The number of publications increased year on year, from 35,522 in 2009 to 44,348 in 2013,3 continuing the gen-eral growth in the field observed in Larivière et al. (2013), albeit with the inclusion of substance-related disorders in the present study. The share of mental health publications in the total medical publication output increased very slightly during the period our data set covers, from 6.9 per cent to 7.1 per cent. The United States remains the largest producer of mental health research, with 36 per cent of papers having a corresponding author with a US address. The UK (8 per cent), Germany (6 per cent), Canada and Australia (both with 5 per cent) follow. The breakdown of the paper set by corresponding author location is provided in Appendix B.

2.2 How many mental health research funders are there?

Our analysis revealed 1,908 funders with ten or more acknowledgements in the data set. Some 85 per cent of the papers with funding acknowledge-

3 This is the most recent year for which complete data is available, since indexing of 2014 publications was only partially complete in spring 2015 when our final data set was extracted.

102,324

56,887

2,179

1,908

32

Number of unique funder names

Number of unique funder names (cleaned)

Number of unique funder names (cleaned) – with more than 10 acknowledgements

Number of unique funder names (cleaned) – with more than 10 acknowledgements with Conflict of Interest declarations removed

Deep dive case studies

Figure 2-1Cleaning process of funders

Page 19: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 9

NIMH

NIH

BBRFNIAAA

NIDA

VA

NIA

MRC UKWT

NCRR

CNPq Brazil

FAPESP

Alz Assoc.

973 China

NSFC

MEXT

MHLW Japan

BMBFDFG

CIHR

FRQS

CAPES

ARC

NHMRC

NIHR

NHS England

MEST

NRF

NSERCNICHD

KCL

US NSF

NINDS

FIS

MICINN

JSPS

NCI

EUNWO

ESRC UK

NHLBI

University of California

DHHS

NSC Taiwan

SMRI

FAS

SRC

US DOD

ALF

NIBIB

AR UK

RWJF

MHW Korea

Pfizer

UK DH

MIUR

SNSF

Academy of Finland

NRC

Lilly

Roche Found.

USPHS

US CDC

INSERM

GSK

Janssen

AstraZeneca

Figure 2-2Funders with ten or more acknowledgements (coloured by country)

USA Taiwan Iceland

UK New Zealand Estonia

Sweden Ireland Iran

Canada Singapore Colombia

Netherlands Israel Saudi Arabia

Australia India Slovakia

China South Africa Croatia

France Czech Republic Qatar

Germany Poland Venezuela

Japan Turkey Nigeria

Spain Chile Serbia

Finland Hungary Romania

Italy Argentina Slovenia

Denmark Greece Lebanon

Switzerland Malaysia Philippines

Belgium Austria Bulgaria

South Korea Mexico Pakistan

EU Portugal Lithuania

Norway Russia

Brazil Thailand

Key:

Page 20: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

10 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

2.3 Who are they?

The 1,908 research funders found in our final data set are represented in Figure 2-2. The size of each bubble is proportional to the number of papers on which the funder was acknowledged (although those with fewer than 500 acknowledgements are very similar in size), while the colour indicates the country of the funder to provide an overview of their geographical distribution (position of each funder is not significant in this figure, but the rela-tionships between them are addressed in Section 2.6). A list of funder acronyms can be found in Appendix C.

The top 30 most frequently acknowledged funders globally are listed in Table 2-1, while similar national lists for Canada and the UK are provided in Annexes 1 and 2. As expected, the group of top global funders is dominated by government agencies, particularly those in the United States. Charities, foundations and non-profits are represented in the list by the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, the Alzheimer’s Association and the Stanley Medical Research Institute, all of which are located in the United States, and the UK’s Wellcome Trust, which is the third highest placed UK funder after the Medi-cal Research Council and National Institute for Health Research. The highest placed non-Anglo-phone funder on the list is the European Commis-

sion, with government agencies of China, Japan, Brazil and a number of western European coun-tries also appearing in the top 30. While a number of caveats are associated with our estimation of the scale of industry funding (for example, in rela-tion to conflict of interest declarations on papers), one pharmaceutical company appears towards the lower end of the top 30, Pfizer.

Charities, foundations and non-profits form the most numerous group of funders, but governments fund the most papersCharities, foundations, non-profits and govern-ment agencies make up the majority of our set of 1,908 funders. Charities, foundations and non-profits represent 39 per cent of the total and gov-ernment bodies 33 per cent, but the latter account for 68 per cent of the funding acknowledgements in our data set (see Figure 2-3). Thus, perhaps unsurprisingly, the typical government funder supports more mental health research than the typical charity, foundation or non-profit. The aver-age number of acknowledgements per government agency is 237, compared with an average of 58 for charities, foundations and non-profits. This is con-sistent with the dominance of government funders in the list of those most frequently acknowledged. Looking in more detail, however, we can see that the distribution of organisations in terms of the

389

743

638

10517,987

42,137

151,276

9,905 0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Academia Charity/Foundation Government Industry

Num

ber o

f ack

now

ledg

emen

ts

Num

ber o

f fun

ders

Figure 2-3Number of funders (and respective acknowledgements) by funder sector

Page 21: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 11

Table 2-1Top 30 most frequently acknowledged funders globally

Funder No. of papers

Location Sector Proportion of papers

1 US National Institutes of health (NIh) 16716 USa Government 15%

2 National Institute of Mental health (NIMh) 10081 USa Government 9%

3 National Institute on Drug abuse (NIDa) 6231 USa Government 6%

4 National Institute on aging (NIa) 5266 USa Government 5%

5 Canadian Institutes of health research (CIhr) 4701 Canada Government 4%

6 Department of Veterans affairs (Va) 4387 USa Government 4%

7 National health and Medical research Council of australia (NhMrC)

4033 australia Government 4%

8 european Commission 4021 eU Government 4%

9 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 3836 China Government 3%

10 UK Medical research Council (MrC UK) 3503 UK Government 3%

11 Brain and Behavior research Foundation (NarSaD) 3281 USa Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit

3%

12 Netherlands Organization of Scientific research (NWO) 3112 Netherlands Government 3%

13 National Institute for health research (NIhr) 3062 UK Government 3%

14 National Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism (NIaaa) 2887 USa Government 3%

15 Wellcome Trust 2434 UK Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit

2%

16 German research Foundation/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)

2360 Germany Government 2%

17 National Institute of health Carlos III (FIS) 2225 Spain Government 2%

18 CNPq Brazil 1994 Brazil Government 2%

19 Federal Ministry of education and research (BMBF) 1939 Germany Government 2%

20 National Center for research resources (NCrr) 1917 USa Government 2%

21 eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child health and human Development (NIChD)

1909 USa Government 2%

22 Ministry of education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan (MeXT)

1852 Japan Government 2%

23 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)

1847 USa Government 2%

24 alzheimer’s association 1636 USa Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit

1%

25 Swedish research Council 1409 Sweden Government 1%

26 Stanley Medical research Institute (SMrI) 1317 USa Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit

1%

27 Pfizer 1197 USa Industry 1%

28 Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) 1151 Spain Government 1%

29 Fundacao de amparo a Pesquisa do estado de Sao Paulo (FaPeSP)

1132 Brazil Government 1%

30 Department of health and human Services (DhhS) 1128 USa Government 1%

Page 22: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

12 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

researchers acknowledge support which may be non-monetary or less-formally attributed to a par-ticular project.6

The share of funding acknowledgements accounted for by each sector has remained fairly constant over the six year time period covered by our data (see Figure B-3 in Appendix B.).

Papers acknowledging charity, foundation or non-profit support have the highest citation impactMeasures of citation can be used as an indica-tor of the scientific impact a particular piece of research has in the academic world. As publica-tion and citation practices vary substantially by discipline (e.g. Moed et al. 1985), we use the indicator ‘average of relative citations’ (ARC), which normalises the number of citations a paper receives according to its age (since older papers have had more time to accumulate citations) and the field in which it is published (see Appendix A for further details).

In our data set, the ARC of papers contain-ing funding acknowledgements was substantially

6 Our survey of researchers revealed that only 20 per cent usually acknowledged access to equipment and facilities in journal papers, and only 4 per cent acknowledged estate costs.

volume of research supported is heavily skewed in both sectors (Figure 2-4). While in both govern-ment and charity sectors there are large numbers of funders supporting small amounts of mental health research, the government sector has a nota-bly higher number of very large funders. Our data indicates that there are few such large funders in the charity, foundation and non-profit sector. What we cannot judge from this data, however, are the absolute amounts of money involved, something discussed further in Chapter 4.

The remaining organisations in our analysis were classified as industry funders or academic institutions.5 While uncertainties around industry funding have been discussed previously, the extent to which academic institutions are providing inde-pendent funding for research is also unclear. In many cases, these acknowledgements may repre-sent, for example, the provision of laboratory space, infrastructure or support services by a researcher’s host institution. That is not to suggest that these forms of support are not important, but highlights that they are more difficult to capture in this kind of analysis due to inconsistencies in the way that

5 In addition to these groups there were a small number of funders that either did not fit into these categories (such as publishers) or were unable to be classified due to a lack of available information.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

20 40 60 80 100 150 200 500 More

Num

ber o

f fun

ders

Funding acknowledgements

Charities/Foundations

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

20 40 60 80 100 150 200 500 More

Num

ber o

f fun

ders

Funding acknowledgements

Government

Figure 2-4Distribution of funders in the government and charity/foundation/non-profit sectors, by numbers of papers on which they are acknowledged

Page 23: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 13

research beyond the large and well-known funders. Through the funding acknowledgement data extracted from journal papers we have been able to do this, highlighting some funders who have begun supporting mental health research only recently.

We looked at the number of acknowledge-ments of each funder in each year of the data set and identified those with the greatest differences in frequency between the first part (2009-2012) and second part (2013-2014) of the time period. Some of the funders highlighted by this analysis were organisations which had changed name or restructured during or shortly before the first year of our data set – for example, the Spanish Minis-try of the Economy and Competiveness, created in 2011 from the merger of two prior ministries.

However, there were also examples of newly established funders. The US National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (established under the auspices of NIH in 2012) is a notable example here. It was established with the aim of speeding up the delivery of new drugs, diagnostics and medical devices to patients (a challenge high-lighted by a number of funders in our deep dive interviews).

above the global average (of 1.00) for all sectors (see Figure 2-5), a finding consistent with previous studies demonstrating that papers acknowledging funding tend to be more highly cited than those without such acknowledgements (e.g. Costas & van Leeuwen 2012). In addition to this, how-ever, papers acknowledging support from a char-ity, foundation or non-profit had a higher cita-tion impact on average than those acknowledging other sectors. This was also true within individual countries (see Annexes 1 and 2 for data on Canada and the UK), suggesting that the higher average citation of papers supported by charities, founda-tions and non-profits is not due solely to the geo-graphical distribution of funding organisations.

There are examples of new funders emerging in the field of mental healthOne of the primary reasons for using a bottom-up approach in this analysis, in contrast to the top-down approach of many previous studies, was to enable us to explore the field of mental health

1.63

1.91

1.581.64

1.48

0.93

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

Academia Charity/Foundation Government Industry Papers with fundingacknowledgements

Papers without fundingacknowledgements

Fiel

d no

rmal

ised

cita

tion

7 Funder sectors were only assigned to funders with 10 or more acknowledgements

Figure 2-5Average of relative citations by funder sector (world average = 1.0)7

Page 24: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

14 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

isations in the government and charity/founda-tion/non-profit sectors. Industry funders tend to operate in many countries, making it difficult to accurately attribute funding to any one country, while (as discussed previously) the acknowledge-ment of support from academic institutions in providing non-monetary or less-formal support appears inconsistent.

As shown in Figure 2-6 below, the United States is home to 31 per cent of all government, charity, foundation and non-profit mental health research funders in our data set. The UK, Canada, Sweden, China and the Netherlands each have more than 60 funders.

In total, government, charity, foundation and non-profit mental health research funders were identified in 55 countries,8 with the majority located in North America, northern and western Europe and China. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the highest concentrations of funding agencies tend to be located in the countries producing the most mental health research. Of the ten countries with the highest volume of mental health publications in our data set, only one (Italy) was not also in the top ten in terms of number of funders.

Figure 2-7 and Figure 2-8 show this same data split by sector. They highlight that the predomi-nant funder type varies somewhat by country. While the United States is home to the largest number of funders in both sectors examined here, China is dominated by government funding agen-cies, while the UK, the United States, Australia, Denmark, Germany and, in particular, Sweden and Finland, have greater numbers of charitable funders.

Figure 2-9 shows the average citation impact of funders in each country – that is, the average level of citation of papers acknowledging funders from a given country, when normalized for field and year of publication. Funders in Ireland, EU institutions, the UK, Switzerland, and New Zea-land average the highest citation impact, followed by papers funded by institutions in Germany, France, the United States and the Netherlands. Of the countries receiving large numbers of funding acknowledgements, South Korea, Taiwan, Brazil, China and Japan score notably lower than other major research funding and producing countries.

We also identified a range of smaller organ-isations, primarily in the charity, foundation and non-profit sector, which were either recently estab-lished or began new funding programmes related to mental health in the years just prior to our data set. The clearest examples of this were the Swiss Anorexia Nervosa Foundation, which was estab-lished in 2007 and appears in our data from 2012, and the William K. Wallace Foundation (US) and Champalimaud Foundation (Portugal), which launched mental health and neuroscience pro-grammes, respectively, in 2007.

Being able to identify the emergence of new funders or funding programmes in the data both highlights the value of mapping mental health research funding using a bottom-up approach, and also serves as a useful validation of the sensitivity of our methodology to changes in the ecosystem.

2.4 Where are they?

Government, charity, foundation and non-profit funders are clustered in the countries which produce the most mental health researchTo explore the geographical distribution of mental health research funding agencies we identified the location of each of the funders in our set of 1,908. In instances where funders are international (such as multilateral organisations) the location of the funder’s headquarters is considered to be its home country (with the exception of European Union institution funding, which is not attributed to any one country). For this analysis we use only organ-

the United States is home to 31 per cent of all government, charity, foundation and non-profit mental health research funders in our data set

8 58 countries were identified if we include academia

Page 25: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 15

Figure 2-6Number of government, charity, foundation and non-profit mental health research funders by country

Figure 2-7Government funders by country

Page 26: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

16 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

Figure 2-8Charity, foundation and non-profit funders by country

9 For government, charity, foundation and non-profit mental health research funders in countries with over 100 papers

Figure 2-9Average relative citations by country of funder9

Page 27: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 17

research areas. The R&D expenditure data used is from 2009 or the nearest available year prior to that, given that the time between funding being awarded and a research paper being published has been shown to be around three years on average (e.g. Boyack & Jordan 2011).

Figure 2-10 reveals a number of countries with relatively large numbers of acknowledgements in mental health, including the UK, Canada,

We also compared the number of acknowl-edgements per country (of funding organisation) with an indicator of overall spend on research and development. As mentioned previously, we cannot assume a direct link between funding acknowledgements and amounts of funding, but this does provide an indication of which countries may be supporting relatively more or less research in the mental health field compared with other

US

UK

CACNDE JPFR

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

$- $50 $100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350 $400 $450

Fund

ing

ackn

owle

dgem

ents

R&D expenditure (US$ current PPP)

Millions

UK

CA

AUCNNL

SE DEES JPBR

FRFI CH KRBEDK IT

INRU0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

$- $20 $40 $60 $80 $100 $120 $140 $160 $180

Fund

ing

ackn

owle

dgem

ents

R&D expenditure (US$ current PPP) Millions

Figure 2-10Acknowledgements per funder country by R&D expenditure: (i) all countries. (ii) excluding the United States (Source: UNESCO, 2009 or nearest available prior year)

Page 28: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

18 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

together on papers. The groups have been labelled with a descriptor that covers the majority of terms in that class (see Appendix D for a full list of terms in each group).

Using the entire data set, Figure 2-11 shows the number of papers falling within each of the eight groups. The most common conditions occurring in our data set, together comprising 61 per cent of all papers, are neurodegenerative and cognition disorders; depressive, anxiety and personality dis-orders; and substance use and addictive disorders. Papers may fall into more than one class if they contain terms from multiple classes.

Figure 2-12 takes the same data, but adds an extra dimension by showing the proportion of papers in each group which also include a fund-ing acknowledgement. This varies by the area of mental health the paper relates to, with, for exam-ple, 66 per cent of papers on neurodegenerative and cognition disorders acknowledging at least one funding source, in comparison with only 48 per cent of those relating to sleep disorders. Fur-ther analysis of the funders acknowledged in each of these groups is set out in Section 2.6, where we look at networks of the funders co-acknowledged on papers within each.

Australia and the Netherlands. A second group, including China, Japan, India and Russia has relatively few acknowledgements given the size of their annual R&D expenditure, suggesting that they focus their research resources in other areas.

2.5 What are they funding?

Funded topics cluster into eight groups of mental health conditionsMedical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) are a defined set of terms applied to journal papers to indicate the type of content. They can be used to understand the topics of the papers in our data set and how these topics relate to one another. We looked at terms within the MeSH subset ‘Mental Disorders’ to explore the various mental health conditions that the research in our data set focuses on. Terms within this subset occur on 69 per cent of all papers (76 per cent of papers with acknowl-edgments). Since each paper can be assigned a number of terms within the Mental Disorders subset, we could build a network of the co-occur-rence of terms. This network showed that within our dataset conditions clustered into eight broad groups, representing terms which tend to occur

Sex development disordersDepressive, anxiety and personality disordersNeurodegenerative and cognition disordersSchizophrenia, bipolar and other psychotic disordersSleep disordersEating disordersNeurodevelopmental disordersSubstance use and addictive disorders

Figure 2-11Papers in complete data set with ‘Mental Disorder’ MeSH terms

Page 29: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 19

areas the majority of funding acknowledgements relate to government funders, but in schizophre-nia, bipolar and other psychotic disorders, as well as both neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmen-tal conditions, charities, foundations and non-profits account for more than 20 per cent of the total acknowledgements. Industry funders appear to invest more in sleep disorders and schizophre-nia, bipolar and other psychotic disorders than in other areas of mental health.

Government funders support the most research in every subfield of mental health, but the involvement of charities and industry varies by areaFigure 2-13 shows how the involvement of funders in different sectors varies in each of the eight topic groups. It shows the proportion of funding acknowledgements attributable to each sector in each of the eight groups formed from ‘Mental Dis-order’ MeSH terms in our data set. In all eight

46.4%46.5%

66.2%

61.4%

48.1%

34.9%

44.8%

49.1%

Figure 2-12Coxcomb plot of papers with acknowledgement data and Mental Disorder MeSH terms

23%

23%

22%

18%

16%

14%

12%

11%

62%

66%

66%

67%

70%

67%

79%

81%

7%

4%

4%

6%

4%

10%

3%

2%

8%

8%

8%

9%

11%

9%

6%

6%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Schizophrenia, bipolar and other psychotic disorders

Neurodegenerative and cognition disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Depressive anxiety and personality disorders

Eating disorders

Sleep disorders

Substance use and addictive disorders

Sex development disorders

Charity/FoundationGovernmentIndustryAcademia

Figure 2-13Funding acknowledgements by sector for each group of MeSH terms

Sex development disordersDepressive, anxiety and personality disordersNeurodegenerative and cognition disordersSchizophrenia, bipolar and other psychotic disordersSleep disordersEating disordersNeurodevelopmental disordersSubstance use and addictive disorders

Page 30: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

20 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

proportion of the most clinically-focused research appears to increase in 2014. While this could be a short term fluctuation or the start of a longer term trend, it is important to bear in mind that the indexing of 2014 papers was incomplete when we extracted our data (and so this variation may be an artefact of differential indexing of journals at each research level). In contrast, we do see a difference in the distribution of research levels according to the sector of the funder acknowledged (Figure 2-15). Industry funding is associated with a greater proportion of the most applied research (level 1) and is acknowledged on a much smaller propor-tion of papers in basic biomedical (level 4) jour-nals than is the case for funders from other sectors.

The US and the UK are consistently the top two funder countries across all subfields of mental health researchIn all eight areas of mental health research, US funding organisations were most frequently acknowledged in our data set, followed by funders in the UK (Table 2-2). Below these two countries there was more variation, although Canada was third or fourth in each of the six largest areas and Australia was also prominent. Chinese funders were acknowledged proportionally more in neu-rodegenerative and cognition disorders. Swedish organisations also featured prominently in this area, as well as (along with Spanish funders) on papers relating to eating disorders.

Industry funders tend to support more applied researchThe ‘research level’ assigned to a journal provides an indication of the type of research it publishes.10 There are four levels, which form a scale from applied to basic research: (1) clinical observation (e.g. Schizophrenia Bulletin); (2) clinical mix (e.g. Journal of Psychiatric Research); (3) clinical inves-tigation (e.g. Neuropsychopharmacology); and (4) basic biomedical (e.g. Neuroscience). It should be noted that research level is a fairly crude measure, since it is applied at the journal level, rather than to individual papers and not all journals have been classified. However, it is the best approximation available and when used at the aggregate level can provide an overview of how basic or applied a body of research is. In a previous study (Wooding et al. 2013) we noted that over a 20-year time period clinical research has had a larger impact than basic research on patient care in the mental health field. This observation raises questions about how research funders can best balance their portfolios to achieve their intended impacts within appropriate timeframes and highlights the value of exploring the distribution of research types within the field.

Figure 2-14 shows that the representation of journals at each research level in our data set has not changed dramatically over time, although the

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

% o

f pap

ers 1 (clinical observation)

2 (clinical mix)3 (clinical investigation)4 (basic biomedical)

Figure 2-14Research level of papers by year

10 As defined by the Patent Board (formerly CHI Research): Hamilton, K. (2003) Subfield and Level Classification of Journals (CHI Report No. 2012-R). Cherry Hill, NJ: CHI Research

Page 31: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 21

connections, we used papers with multiple fund-ing acknowledgements to link funders. For exam-ple, a paper supported by CIHR and the Well-come Trust would produce a link between these organisations. While we are not aware of previ-ous studies using funding acknowledgement data in this way, network analysis is increasingly being used to evaluate collaborative research and explore the relationships between actors in a network and

2.6 How do funders relate to one another?

One of the aims of this study was to identify the connections between mental health research funders, whether these arise through formal fund-ing collaborations or due to researchers using funding from two (or more) different organisa-tions to support the same work. To explore these

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Academia Charity/Foundation Government Industry

4 (basic biomedical)3 (clinical investigation)2 (clinical mix)1 (clinical observation)

Figure 2-15Research level of papers by funder sector

Table 2-2Top ten most frequently acknowledged funding countries for each group of MeSH terms

Neuro-degener-ative and cognition disorders

Depressive anxiety and personality disorders

Substance use and addictive disorders

Neuro-develop-mental disorders

Schizophrenia, bipolar and other psychotic disorders

Sleep disorders

Eating disorders

Sex develop-ment disorders

1 USa USa USa USa USa USa USa USa

2 UK UK UK UK UK UK UK UK

3 China Netherlands Canada Canada australia Brazil Spain Japan

4 Canada Canada australia australia Canada Canada Sweden Brazil

5 Sweden australia Netherlands Germany Spain China Germany China

6 australia Germany Spain Netherlands China Japan australia eU

7 Spain China China eU Japan australia Canada australia

8 Japan Brazil Sweden France Netherlands Germany eU Canada

9 eU Spain Germany Japan Brazil Finland Brazil Germany

10 Germany Sweden Finland China Germany Sweden France Switzerland

Page 32: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

22 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

The overall network illustrates the complex-ity of the research funding ecosystem in mental health. The dominance of US funders is clear, in particular of NIH and its associated institutes. Major government funders in Canada, the UK, China, Australia and the EU can also be seen, sur-rounded by a large number of smaller government agencies and other funders. Generally, the clusters emerging from the data are geographical, repre-senting either countries or regions. This suggests that despite increasing international collaboration in research (e.g. Gazni et al. 2012; Waltman et al. 2011), national boundaries are still important in funding distribution. Similar networks spe-cifically for Canada and the UK can be found in Annexes 1 and 2.

In subfields of mental health…We also developed individual networks for funders acknowledged on papers in each of the topic groups identified in Figure 2-11. These networks give an overview of the funders active in each area and the relationships between them. The five larg-est topic areas are shown in Figures 2-17 to 2-21. Funders are again coloured according to modular-ity class. Further details on the construction of the network maps are set out in Appendix A.

In neurodegenerative and cognition disorders (Figure 2-17), funders whose portfolios focus on aging and dementia are clearly visible, in particu-lar NIA and a number of charities and founda-tions focusing on Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s research. The noticeable presence of some rela-tively large charity funders is consistent with our earlier observation that this is one of the areas of mental health research in which charities, foun-dations and non-profits appear to be most active. While US government agencies are still the most prominent funders in this field, there is a wide representation of European funders towards the right of the network, including a notable cluster of UK funders (shown in red) and a similar group of Swedish organisations (in brown). Most other European funders form one cluster (in a lighter green than the United States).

For depressive, anxiety and personality disor-ders (Figure 2-18), the funding landscape divides broadly into two large clusters, one dominated by the United States, but also including some indus-try funders, and the other consisting mainly of European and Australian funders (again with a

information flows between them – numerically or graphically (e.g. Wagner et al. 2005).

Networks constructed using funding acknowledgement data indicate simply where two funders are acknowledged on the same paper. As such, this analysis cannot (on its own) differentiate qualitatively between cases of ‘active’ collaboration between funders and instances in which researchers combine funding from two (or more) organisations to support the same work. It can, however, cast light on the extent to which funders’ portfolios overlap or complement one another, highlight where they (knowingly or unknowingly) co-fund research and reveal whether any clusters of funders emerge. To complement this, the profiles of individual funding organisations completed as part of the study detail current collaborative and cooperative activities that each funder actively engages in.

In the mental health research field as a whole…A network analysis was conducted to examine the extent of collaboration and co-acknowledgement across our core set of 1,908 funders (Figure 2-16; see Appendix A for methodological details). A larger-scale version of the network is included in the pack which accompanies this overview report. The network analysis aimed to highlight the rela-tionships between funders linked through fund-ing acknowledgements on each paper. Using a ‘network approach’ in exploring this provides a systemic perspective on linkages between funders as it takes into account the dynamics of the system as a whole, as well as the relative position of indi-vidual funders in collaborative networks and thus affords greater analytical detail.

In the network, each node represents a funder and the connecting lines indicate these funders’ co-acknowledgement on papers (a heavier line indicating a greater number of co-acknowledge-ments). The size of a node is proportional to the number of acknowledgements that the funder has in the data set. Funders are coloured by modu-larity class – clusters which emerge from the data and provide an indication of how closely related nodes are in terms of co-acknowledgement. The organisations within each cluster are densely con-nected to others within the same class and are more sparsely connected to those outside it (see Appendix A for further details).

Page 33: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 23

Finally, networks were constructed for two population groups of different ages. Figure 2-22 shows funders acknowledged on papers concerned with young people (MeSH terms “Adolescent”, “Child”, “infant” and “young adult”, plus terms making up the levels below them in the hierarchi-cal MeSH structure), a group of particular interest given the early age of onset of many mental health conditions (Kessler et al. 2007). Figure 2-23 shows the corresponding network for older age groups (“Aged” and “middle aged”, plus the terms below them in the MeSH structure).

The funding landscape for research relevant to young people (Figure 2-22) shows clear clusters for the United States (in purple), the UK (dark blue) and Canada (red), as well as for Australia, Sweden, China and Brazil (all towards the bottom right of the network). In addition to the government funders frequently acknowledged in a range of areas, charities including the Tourette Syndrome Association, the Simons Foundation Autism Research Institute, Autism Speaks, the MacAr-thur Foundation (all US), the Colonial Founda-tion in Australia and the Yrjö Jahnsson Founda-tion in Finland all feature.

The network for older people (Figure 2-23) con-tains a wide range of organisations, likely reflect-ing the broad range of topics that the selected MeSH terms are likely to cover. Nevertheless, as found in the network for neurodegenerative con-ditions, there is a notable cluster of mostly Swed-ish funders (in pink). NIA is prominent, as might be expected, while a number of Alzheimer’s, Par-kinson’s and cancer charities are also visible.

few pharmaceutical companies). The other organ-isations acknowledged on significant numbers of papers in this subfield form four national clusters for Canada, Brazil, China and Japan.

As one might expect, the funding landscape for substance use and addictive disorders (Figure 2-19) is dominated by NIDA and NIAAA, along with NIH. Most of the major funders in the net-work are government agencies, an observation consistent with the relatively low involvement of charities, foundations and non-profits seen in Sec-tion 2.5. Notable exceptions include the Wellcome Trust and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

In neurodevelopmental disorders (Figure 2-20) we see a large and closely linked network of US funders. Compared with other research areas (and as expected) NICHD is much more prominent, as are the charitable funders Autism Speaks and the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative. EU institutions also appear prominent, a finding consistent with our earlier observation that this is a research area in which they are more heavily involved (see Table 2-2). There are fewer industry funders than found in some other areas (as also illustrated previously) exceptions being Shire and Eli Lilly.

The landscape for schizophrenia, bipolar and other psychotic disorders (Figure 2-21) is domi-nated by a few large US funders – NIMH, NIH, the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation and the Stanley Medical Research Institute. Other major funders tend to be pharmaceutical com-panies and government agencies in the countries most frequently acknowledged in our data set.

Page 34: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

24 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

Figure 2-16Network of co-acknowledged funders in the entire mental health data set (coloured by modularity class). A larger-scale version of this figure has been published alongside this report.

NIMH

NIH

BBRF

NIAAA

NIDA

VA

NIA

MRC UK

WT

NCRR

CNPq Brazil

FAPESP

Alz Assoc.

973 China

NSFC

MEXTMHLW Japan

BMBF

DFG

CIHR

FRQS

CAPES

ARC

NHMRC

NIHR

NHS England

MEST

NRF

NSERC

NICHD

KCL

US NSF

NINDS

FIS

MICINN

MSFHR

JSPS

NCI

EU

NWO

ESRC UK

NHLBI

University of California

DHHS

CRC

NHRI Taiwan

NSC Taiwan

SMRI

MEC China

Aus Govt. Dept. Health

FAS

SRC

NKT R&D China

US DOD

ALF

863 project

FAPERGS

DFAPEMIG

GdC

OMHF

AHA

AIHS

ADNI

NIBIB

AFIP

AR UK

Dana Foundation

Victorian State Govt.

ASC

Colonial Found.

Foundation of Chinese Academy ...

Taipei Veterans General Hospit...

SSHRC

MOHLTC

MOST China

New South Wales Health

Aust. Rotary Health

CHDI

RWJF

Karolinska Inst.

FAPERJAutism Speaks

NINR

AFSP

MHW Korea

Pfizer

Harvard Uni

HRB

SFI UK DH

MIUR

SFARI

Columbia Uni

AHAF

Fundamental Research Funds for...

SNSF

BBSRC

Academy of Finland

Sigrid Juselius

APA

Heart&Stroke Foundation

NRC

South-East Norway Health Autho...MEC, Spain

NCATS

DOE

Mayo Clinic Foundation

CREST

CFI

Lilly

RRF

Manitoba Health Research Council

beyondblue

NIDDK

Czech Ministry of Education, Y... Ministry of the Health of the ...

Shandong Provincial Outstandin...

Takeda Science Found.

MacArthur Foundation

USPHS

Illinois Dept. of Public Healt...

CDC

BHF UK

EPSRC

FIRCA

DoH, Taiwan

Universidade do Extremo Sul Ca...

VWS

PHRC

INSERM

Specialized Research Fund, China

Uni of New South Wales

Uni of Oslo

American Cancer Society

SAMHSA

FAPESC

Eisai

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital i...

Swedish Brain Found.

State of Connecticut

BELSPO

FWO-V

FIPE

Uni of Bristol

KOSEF

ANR

Uni of Sydney

JST

INCT

Uni of Melbourne

China Postdoctoral Science Found

ISAO

Uni of Washington

CSIR, IndiaDST, India

Beijing Municipal Science & Te...

Burroughs Wellcome Fund

K.U. Leuven Uni

Uni of Pittsburgh

Western Norway Regional Health

NIEHS

Alz. Society, UK

German Max Planck Society

FINEP

CRUK

Kuopio Uni Hospital

Tourette Syndrome Association-...

Uni of Helsinki

ABMRF

SRI

MOEHRD

Uni of Pennsylvania

Yrjo Jahnsson Found.

CIBERNED

GSK

Erasmus Uni Medical Centre

Bruce J. Anderson Found.

McLean Private Donors Psychoph...NIDCD

State of Arizona

Scottish Govt.ERDF

Yale Uni

NIGMS

Academia Sinica

Finnish Work Environment Fund

Alz. Foundation, Sweden

FAEPA

ABADHS

Hartford Foundation

Ministry of Health

Singapore Millennium Found.

Swedish Brainpower

AGAUR

National Cheng Kung Uni Hospital

Janssen

Fondazione Cariplo

Pfizer Foundation

Johns Hopkins Uni

CONICET

Uni of Buenos Aires

BMS

Otsuka

HHMI

AFaR

MJ Fox Foundation

Forest

Uni of Texas

Finnish Cultural Found.

National Taiwan Uni Hospital

NIAID

Health and Labor Sciences Rese...

China Medical Uni

NCCAM

NHF

Innovative Medicines Initiative

FRM

Uni of Antwerp

VU Amsterdam

WODC

CNRS

Plan Nac. Sobre Drogas

PAHO

ADDDF

Guys and St Thomas Charitable ...

Australian Govt.

Uni of Michigan

Zikei Institute of Psychiatry

Washington Uni

NIBIO

Soderstrom Konigska Found.

USEPA

Swedish Society for Medical Re...

ICMR

La Fundacio La Marato de TV3

Estonian Ministry of Education...

Estonian Science Found. Grant

Sophia Found. for Medical Rese...

HRC

New Zealand Lottery Health Board

Pearson Center for Alcoholism ...

IWT

Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz

Royal Society

Emil Aaltonen Found.

Shanghai Leading Academic Disc...

SNUH

Merck

Mackay Memorial Hospital

Stiftelsen Gamla Tjanarinnor

ERC

CAMH

National Heart Found. of Austr...

Multiple Sclerosis Society

USAMRMC

Cure Alzheimers Fund

AZMutua Madrilena Found.

Helmholtz

W T Grant Found.

Italian Ministry of Health

FCT

ALSAC

Uni of Groningen

Emory Uni

Canterbury Medical Research Fo...

Guilford Press

ESF

SENYFundaci / Fondation SENY

UGC, India

National Center for Responsibl...

Knut and Alice Wallenberg Found.

California Tobacco-Related Dis...

MINECO

Vanderbilt Uni

HDF

Uni of Rotterdam

AACAP

Feinstein Institute for Medica...

Uni of Toronto

Victorian Health Promotion Fou...

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania D...

Kaohsiung Medical Uni

Alzheimer Nederland grantStichting Dioraphte

Trimbos Institute

Samsung Medical Center

Juho Vainio Found.

UK

Research Capacity Building Grant

APIRE

HDSA

British Academy

Swiss Federal Institute of Tec...

Flemish Govt.

Arizona Biomedical Research Co...

Sahlgrenska Academy

Victorian Trauma Found. general

Dutch Medical Research Council

Gulbenkian Found.

Ontario Graduate Scholarship

Fondation FondaMental

Uni of Zurich

Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla

Alzheimers Australia

Arizona Dept. of Health Services

ADRC

Uni of Minnesota

Japan Found. for Neuroscience ...

State of California

Stichting VUmc fonds

La Fondation de France

Doris Duke-Charitable Found.

Dutch Brain Association

AFI

NIMHD

APA

Lundbeck Foundation

EFF

Hersenstichting

NIDRR

US Dept. of Education

Boston Uni

Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Found.

Found. Alfonso Martin Escudero

Jalmari and Rauha Ahokas Found.

Canadian Psychiatric Associati...

NIVEL

Utrecht Uni

Danish Council for Independent...

Japan Health Sciences Found.

MCHB

GGZ Rivierdumen

Danish Medical Research Council

RIKEN

Ellison Medical Found.

Parkinsons Disease Society UK

Uni of Wisconsin

Social Insurance Institution

Uni of Bergen

Novartis Found.

GGZ Drenthe

GGZ Friesland

Wyncote Found.

UWA

OTKA

Volkswagen Found. (Germany)

Demensfonden

CONACYT

UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT

ISF

Bristol-Myers Squibb Found.

Science and Technology Coopera...

Innlandet Hospital Trust resea...

Norwegian Ministry of Health a...

National Science & Technology ...

Uni College LondonBRACE

Larry L Hillblom Found.

Amsterdam Brain Imaging Platform

Hospital for Sick Children Fou...

NESDA

Regional Ministry of Innovation Geelong Region Medical Researc...

Health Found.

ONR

National Child Health Research...

Muscular Dystrophy Association...

Uehara Memorial Found. (Japan)

EPFL

Novartis

Parkinsons Disease Found.

NHGRI

Elan

Wyeth

Nova Scotia Health Research Fo...

UBC

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corpo...

Science and Technology Commiss...

CAM

New York State through Office ...

McKnight Research Found.

UKs Ministry of Defence

Sackler Found.

Uni of Bologna

Pacific Alzheimer Research Fou...

FWF

John Douglas French Alzheimers...

GGZ inGeest research Dept.

Lundbeck

CNR

Medicine and Health Science Te...

Newcastle Uni

Uni of Montreal

Monzino Found.s

UNC

Dutch Diabetes Research Found.

BUPA Found.

March of Dimes USA

Finnish Found. for Alcohol Stu...

NCCR

IQ Healthcare

James S McDonnell Found.

Leverhulme Trust

Uni of Kentucky

WHO

Kakenhi

NLMFF

Uni of Turku

Atomic Energy Council of Taiwan

Sanchez Found.s

Uni of South Florida

Found. for Polish Science

MOSHE Poland

ACISR

Instituto Cerebro e Mente-Brazil

Massachusetts General Hospital

Shire

Science and Technology Plannin...

Hunter Medical Research Instit...

Agencia Nacional de Promocion ...

Uni of China

Klingenstein Third Generation ...

Uppsala Uni

McGill Uni

American Academy of Neurology ...

Psychiatry Research Trust

OMA-MH

Uni of Otago

Lentis

Chinese Scholarship Council

NEI

Israeli Ministry of Health

NIAMS CIRM

German Ministry of Health

Ronald Philip Griffith Fellows...

Brain Research Found.

Vardal Research Found.

NCNP

SAO-FRMA

WM Keck Found.

NEURODEM Cymru

Science and Technology Bureau ...Sichuan Uni

Ministry of Education

Velux Found. Switzerland

FNRS

Atlantic Philanthropies

BC Mental Health and Addiction...

John W. Alden Trust

Health Canada

FaHCSIA

state Govt. of Bavaria

Gun and Bertil Stohnes Stiftelse

Oriented Hundred Talents Progr...

Uni of Amsterdam

ISOA

Dutch Alzheimers Society

KACSTKing Saud Uni

NSW Health

NYCDOHMH

RASRFBR

Research Group for Schizophrenia

Uni of Maryland

Alcohol Advisory Council of Ne...

Taipei City Govt. in Taiwan

Canadian Health Services and R...

Leiden Uni

Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und H...

Norwegian Found. for Health an...

Fok Ying Tung Found.

Scientific Research Found. for...

A*STAR

National Medical Research Coun...

Connecticut Mental Health Center

EHDN

Uni of Manitoba

Hungarian Academy of Science

Junta de Andalucia

MGEN

Uni of Jena

ADRC

Uni of Muenster

Arkin

Canadian Nurses Found.

Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norri...

Govt. of Canada

Uni of Colorado

Uni of Edinburgh

Neurosciences Victoria

Genome Canada

Monash Uni

European Social Fund

Social Ministry of the Federal...

Japanese Research Found. for C...

Takeda

NAMIC

Uni of Eastern Finland

NAAR

Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Rese...

Alexander von Humboldt Researc...

J. O. and J. R. Wicking Trust

USDA

FONDECYT

Neuroscience Research Australia

Liaison Committee

Uni of Liege (Belgium)Umea Uni

Smoking Research Found. of Japan

NHG

SBIC

Thurings Found.

Ministry of Health of the Gene...

CTCRI

Ontario Ministry of Research a...

Olga Mayenfisch Found.

Robert C. Borwell Endowment Fund

Uni of Hong Kong

New South Wales Dept. of Healt...

Multiple Sclerosis Society of ...

DAAD

Govt. of Ontario

CNAMTS

Reckitt Benckiser

National R&D Special Fund for ...

Fonds Quebecois - Societe et l...

Medical Scientific Research Fo...

Uni of Padova

Ontario Womens Health Council

Fonds NutsOhra

State of Texas

Swedish Found. for Strategic R...

NLM

Action Medical Research (UK)

Uni of Kansas

CIBERER

FA

Gustav and Victoria Found.

Pratt Found.

Seaver Found.

Uni Hospital Basel

Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Fo...

CSIRO

AFOSR

MES

Swedish National Board for Hea...

Macquarie Uni

French Ministry of Education a...

Norwegian Directorate of Healt...

Philip Morris-USA

Bror Gadelius Fund

Henry Smith Charity & Epilepsy...

RGC

JDRF

Big Lottery Fund

Canadian Cancer Society Resear...

Duke Uni

Uni of Florida

Torsten och Ragnar Soderbergs ...

Ministry of Science, Serbia

Tianjin research program of ap...

Piedmont Region of Italy

Telethon

Ortho McNeilChinese Ministry of Health

Netherlands Brain Found.

State of Michigan

Shanghai Committee of Science ...

Research to Prevent Blindness ...

Uni of Queensland

MIND Institute

NCNP

NOVO Nordisk Found.

Sidell-Kagan Found.

ARRA

Tampere Uni

Taipei City Hospital Research

Saskatchewan Health Research F...

PAPD, China

Finnish Medical Found.

Royal Brisbane and Womens Hosp...

Boehringer Ingelheim

Mental Health Commission of Ca...

Swedish Childhood Cancer Society

Foundation of NIHMedtronic

973 Program

Showa Uni

Glenn Found. for Medical Resea...

Xunta de Galicia

FDA

National Research Found.

CAS

Association France-Alzheimer

American Diabetic Association

NCA

American Psychiatric Publishing

Johnson & Johnson Inc

Parkinson Society of CanadaMinistry of Health

RIVM

Unilever

SENSHIN Medical Research Found.

Norwegian Institute of Public ...

AAQI

Ministry of Education

Scottish Mental Health Researc...

Welsh Assembly Govt.

South African Research Chairs ...

Bial Found.

Hirosaki Research Institute fo...

Korea Uni Grant

Nepean Medical Research Found.Basque Govt.

MRC

Uni of Cape Town

Epilepsy Found.

Dunhill Medical Trust

NASA

Charles Uni in Prague

Qingdao Bureau of Science and ...

Vancouver Coastal Health Resea...

Uni of Copenhagen

NIH

Alberta Childrens Hospital Fou...

Uni of Iowa

Sjobring Fund

Canadian Stroke Network

Aachen Uni

Bowles Center for Alcohol Stud...

NBRP China

Conseils Regionaux dAquitaine ...

ICES

CANMAT

Swedish Dept. of Higher Educat...

CONICYT

Regional Govt.s of Aquitaine

State of Connecticut

SRA

Philips

CSIC

Radboud Uni Nijmegen Medical C...

Korean Healthcare Technology R...

Betsy and Jonathan Blattmachr ...

FRAXA Research Found.

Price Found.

DHS

Stichting tot Steun VCVGZ

Irish Life plc

German National Academic Found.

Uni of Missouri

Compagnia di San Paolo Torino ...Regione-Piemonte

Donaghue Found.

Starr Found.

Found. of Gedeon Richter

Uni of Southern California

PB

RCUK

Ministry of Social Affairs and...

Uni of Cambridge

Northern California Institute ...

Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital

Ahlens Found.

Uni of Massachusetts

CEM

Alcohol Education and Rehabili...

Baylor College of MedicineNational Research Found. of So...

Fundo de Auxlio aos Docentes ...

Prinses Beatrix Fonds

CHU Montpellier

Australian National Institute ...

CRCM

RIDE

Swedish Prison and Probation S...

IRCSET

Kanae Science Found.Mochida Memorial Foundalion

Shanghai Science & Technology ...

VINNOVA

GCRC

Sir John Templeton Found.

Neurological Found. of New Zea...

China Mega-Project for Infecti...SKLID

Prechter Found.

Nuffield Found.

Croatian Ministry of Science

AIRC

DFID

SIEF

Free State of Saxony

Norwegian Uni of Science and T...

COE

Clothworkers Found.

Pears Found.

Shanghai Science & Technology ...

Donald W. Reynolds Found.

IMHRO

Marriot Found.

GE-Healthcare

Uni of Calgary

Australian Brewers Found.

Irish Govt.

Regione Lombardia

Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust

Waterloo Found.

Respironics Found.

City of Kuopio

Uni of Rochester

Age UK

Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma

OZR

NIPI

Swiss Anorexia Nervosa Found.

Essel Found.

Uni of Miami

Helen Macpherson Smith Trust

Spunk Fund Inc (New York)

Academic Frontier Project for ...

Oxford Uni Press

Uni of Konstanz

Ministry of Cultural Affairs

Viertel Charitable Found.

Uni of Bonn

Childrens Hospital Boston

Juntendo Uni

Ivan Nielsens Found.

Dalhousie Medical Research Fou... Office of juvenile Justice and...

Norwegian Council for Mental H...

FAMRI

Fundacion La Caixa

Uni of Ottawa

NSC

Shanghai Municipal Health Bure...

Nordic Centre of Excellence in...

Found. of Shanghai Science and... IDDRCDalhousie Uni

American Psychological Associa...

Hertie Foundat

American Parkinson's Disease A...

Ake-Wiberg Found.

PRONEX, Brazil

Beatrice Surovell Haskell Fund...

CIBM

Clinical Neurosciences Divisio...

Dutch National Asthma Found.

Servier

Scottish Charity

St. Patricks Uni Hospital Dublin

Helen Bader Found.

TAMOP, Hungary

Intel Corporation

Kane Family Found.

Uni of Singapore

ALS/CVS Therapy Alliance

Uni of Barcelona

NEDO, Japan

AFA Insurance Company

National Basic Research Program

Swiss Federal Office of Public...

Murdoch Childrens Research Ins...

HDRF

Bayer

California HIV/AIDS Research P...

Uni of Utah

Curtin Uni of Technology

Bernard Wolfe Health Neuroscie...

International Parkinson Found.

CTSA

G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers...

Alfred P Sloan Research

Medical Research Service of th...

Academy of Medical Sciences (UK)

National Brain Research Center

DVBIC

Raine Found. for Medical Resea...

Arthritis Research Campaign

National Cancer Institute of C...

National Infrastructure Progra...

Queensland State Govt.

Queensland Uni of Technology

NIDCR

Swedish Heart Lung Found.

Social Sciences Council

Hans und Ilse Breuer Stiftung

UCB

Uni of Alberta

AFM

Danish National Psychiatric Re...

Thrasher Research Fund

Dutch Govt.

Bill and Melinda Gates Found.

Danish Heart Found. Danish Ministry of Health and ...

W. Garfield Weston Found. grant

Irma T. Hirschl Award

Abbott

Landesstiftung Baden-Wurttemberg

Hungarian Ministry of Health

McBean Family Found.

Nellie Ball Research Trust Fund

SCDDSN

Robert Bosch Found.

Ministere de l'education

Ministry of Knowledge Economy ...

Shanghai Rising- Star Program

Trustees of the Blanchette Hoo...

Obsessive Compulsive Found.Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program

Klingenstein Found.s

Navarra Regional Govt.

Robert A. Welch Found. Grant

Swedish National Institute of ...

Maastricht Uni

Yerkes Research Center

Jewish Community Federation of...

Uni of Leipzig

Copenhagen Uni Hospital

Queensland Dept. of Health

Carman Trust

Arthritis Found.Uni of South Carolina

Biocenter Finland

Augustinus Fonden

Cancer Council of Victoria

McCusker Found.

Mangurian Found.

Tryg Fonden

Municipality of Rotterdam

DVA

Berkman Charitable Trust

Centre for Child and Adolescen...

Leenaards Found. Switzerland

Sanofi

Henry M. Jackson Found. for th...

National Palliative Care Resea...

Uni of Oxford

Finnish Found. for Pediatric R...

Lund Uni

MRES

Spanish Govt.

Astellas

National Social Science Found....

VHA Career Development Award

Rolf-Dierichs-Stiftung

Medical Research Center

NHTSA

Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg F...

Canadian Diabetes Association/...

Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren R...

Ministry of Chinese Science an...

Tekes

Found. of Hope

CDPH

Altrecht

UCI

Banner Alzheimers Found.

Harvard Catalyst

Ghent Uni Hospital

Queensland Health

US Social Security Administrat...

Fundacion Areces

Stanford Uni

Weinberg Found.

Mind Science Found.

Niigata Uni

CART Foundation

PSI Foundation

The Patrick and Catherine Weld...

McMaster Uni

Enterprise Ireland

The Nicol Found.

Key Program of Medical Develop...

Uni of Oulu

Netherlands Ministry of Educat...

Arrillaga Found.

WSU

Michigan State Uni

International OCD Found.

Women and Infants Research Fou...

WICN

Cambridge Overseas Trust

Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1

State Key Program of National ...

Fonds Psychische Gezondheid

Stockholm Stress Centre

Organization for Autism Research

VicHealth

Uni of the Basque Country

American Orthopsychiatric Asso...

International Family Therapy A...

CIDAR

Soderberg Found.

Motor Neurone Disease Associat...

Josef and Haldis Andresens Legat

Healthway

Finnish Dental Society

Psyadon pharmaceuticals

BBMRI -NL

Austin Hospital Medical Resear...

Finnish National Graduate Scho...

Roche

Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welf...

Phil F. Jenkins Research Fund

Uni of Georgia

Great Ormond Street Hospital C...

Gates Cambridge Scholarship Tr...

Norwegian Parkinson Disease As...

Catholic Medical Center Resear...

Uni of Nottingham

Loyola Uni

ADRC

Commonwealth of Kentucky Resea...

Magnus Bergvall Found.

ANZ Mason Foundation

Wallenberg Found.

Conseil Regional Aquitaine

NeuroDevNet

Tsinghua-Yue-Yuan Medical Scie...

Stephen D. Bechtel

Commonwealth Research Center o...

Scottish Rite Charitable Found...

Ramsay Health Care Australia

Anonymous Medical Found.

Rochester Epidemiology Project

Louisiana Board of Regents grant

State Education Ministry of Ch...

Uni of London

HUBIN Project

ACT Health

Canberra Hospital Specialists ...

Innovatiefonds Zorgverzekeraars

King Pharmaceuticals

Israel National Institute for ...

Jacobs Found. Switzerland

Josiah Macy

La Sapienza Uni

Uni of Heidelberg

Medical Uni of Lodz

MIND Research Network

Tri-service General Hospital F...

Yuli Veterans Hospital

Royal Swedish Academy of Scien...

Heinz C Prechter Bipolar Resea...

Cancer Council NSW

Child and Family Research Inst...

US-Israel Binational Science F...

GACR

Japan Arteriosclerosis Prevent...

Pusan National Uni Hospital BrightFocus Found.

Program for Outstanding Medica...Shanghai Key Project of Basic ...

Environmental Protection AgencyAPF

Uni of Bordeaux

Toronto Rehabilitation Institu...

Univeristy of California

Clemson Uni Institute on Famil...

Finnish Found. for Cardiovascu...

Japanese Society of Clinical N...

Hussman Found.

Uni Hospital of Strasbourg

Finnish Diabetes Research Fund

Autism Research Institute

BHARE Foundation

Health Sciences Found.

Hermann and Lilly Schilling Fo...

CFAR

Mount Zion Health Fund

CurePSP Found.

Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust

Norman Collisson Found.

Defense Science and Technology...

Marta and Nicke Nasvell Found....

Independent Innovation Found. ...

MICHR

National Center for Geriatrics...

AFTD

Suzuken Memorial Found.

Arkansas Biosciences Institute

Greek Ministry of Development

ONDCP

The Sophia Childrens Hospital ...

Banner Sun Health Research Ins...

Uni of Lausanne

Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Diso...

Barnes- Jewish Hospital Found.

111 Project James A. Haley Veterans Hospital

Ontario Problem Gambling Resea...

Found. Orange

Finnish Medical Society

Ontario Neurotrauma Found.

Uni of Manchester

Althingi

Shanghai Municipal Education C...

Human Frontiers Science Program

EMBO

Aase and Ejnar Danielsens Fund

British Medical Association

Israel Academy of Sciences and...

Tel Aviv Uni

BSF

NeFF

Skane county councils research...

International Society for Chil...

Cleveland Found.

CIPSM

UIC

Deakin Uni ASRB

Blowitz Ridgeway Found.

UPMC

Reta Lila Weston Trust for Med...

Commonwealth Fund

Shanghai Changning Health Bure...

Alberta Health Services

Medivation Inc

Uni of Connecticut

EU

Comic Relief

Sidney R. Baer

Uni of Sheffield

PCSIRT

Janssen Research Found.

Flinders Uni

Jazz

NASA NCC

Cornell Uni

Hunan Provincial Natural Scien...

Fundacion INECO

Dept. of Education

VIB

Macquarie Group Found.

INNT

Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Wolfson Trust

Handlanden Hjalmar Svenssons F...

DCRC2

Danish Agency for Science

FINECO

FISM

Sapienza Uni of Rome

Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang...

Manitoba Medical Services Foun...

Uni of Tromso

Institut Pasteur Lille

Health Insurance Found.

Attias Family Found.

Prescott Family Initiative of ...

Strategic Research Program for...

Uni of Newcastle

CAS/SAFEA

AnEUploidy project

Thomas Riellaerts research fund

FIRB

Neurosearch

Japan Epilepsy Research Found.

Uni of Aarhus

HCPA

Bowman Family Found. award

Auckland Medical Research Found.

Ohio State Uni

Ludwig Maximilians Uni

Harry and Doris Crossley Found.

Hartford Hospital Research Pro...

RHA

National Institute of Justice

GENEVA

Medical Research Found. Antwerp

THL, Finland

American Geriatrics Society

ISAN

Korean Research Found.

Uni of Vermont

Skaggs Institute for Chemical ...

Uni Grants Committee of Hong K...

Uni of Virginia

France Found.

Taipei Medical Uni-Wan Fang Ho...

Spanish Child Psychiatry Assoc...

Brain Research Trust

Uni of Paris

CJD

Research Councils UK Fellowship

Medical College of Wisconsin

ECNP

Swedish Parkinson Found.

Research Found. for the Orion ...

Ian Potter Found.

Found. Synapsys

ATSDR

EGRIS

Pirkanmaa Hospital District Re...

Sexual Medicine Society of Nor...

USA

International College of OC Sp...

National Board of Forensic Med...

Goteborg Medical Society

Clinical Science Research and ...

Fondazione Mariani

MNDRI Australia

National Assembly for Wales

William K. Warren Found. of Tu...

UK Epilepsy Research Found.

Swiss Alzheimers Disease Assoc...

Swedish Psychiatry Found.

Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund

Institute for Research on Gamb...

Accident Compensation Corporat...

WCU

Trichotillomania Learning Centre

Loterie Romande

USA

Hillblom Found.

Leonard Levy Found.

Greenwall Found. Faculty

Linkoping Uni Hospital

GIF

The Mason Found.

China Academy of Chinese Medic...

Joseph Drown Found.

Yunnan Province Govt. CMS

Rockefeller Found.

Brain Found.

Biomedical Research Council

Croucher Found.

NIOSH

Biogen

CNCR

Stavros S. Niarchos Found.

South African Dept. of Health

Jane Botsford Johnson Found.

A.P. Moller Found.Institute of Psychiatry

Pittsburgh Claude D. Pepper Ol...

Hope Center for Neurological D...

SINAPSE

RUSK Found.

Hilda and Preston Davis Found.

Random House

Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Found.

Fondation Jerome Lejeune (Fran...

Ministry of High Education and...

Gatsby Charitable Found.

Akershus Uni Hospital

Danone

Atkins Found.

Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospi...

Cancer Research Center of Exce...

Danish Working Environment Res...

Tehran University of Medical S...

RTI International

Dutch Kidney Found.

Dutch Ministry of Defence

Eli Lilly Research Found.Wyeth Found.

US Administration on Aging

Uni of Ferrara

Uni Bochum

World Bank

Qatar National Research Fund-Q...

HEC of Pakistan

Interstitial Cystitis Associat...

Uni of Western Sydney

Korea Food and Drug Administra...

Uni of Houston

NSLIJ Research Institute NIH G...

US Fulbright Fellowship

Washington State Uni

Uni of Chicago

KI Found.s

Indiana Uni

Hartwell Found.Office of AIDS Research

Tau Research Consortium

Klarman Family Found.

American Legacy Found.

Icelandic Heart Association

Singapore General Hospital

Wake Forest Uni

Fondazione Gaetano e Mafalda L...

Uni of Mississippi

Brookdale Found.

Bertil Hallstens Forskningssti...

Cousins Center for Psychoneuro...

St. Jude Medical Inc.

John Merck Scholars Fund

Glasgow Centre for Population ...

National Basic Research and De...

Childrens Hospital of Philadel...

Charles A. Dana and Buster Fou...

American Psychoanalytic Associ...

MIWFT

Uni of Alabama

Baily Thomas Charitable Fund

IEDC

DeNDRoN

Centre of Excellence for Alzhe...

New York Uni

Hellman Family Found.

ARSEP, France

CCFA

FES

USUHS

Purdue

Peking Uni

Teva

Leukemia&Lymphoma Society

Ontario Innovations Trust

Shanghai Key Discipline Program

GENEVA Coordinating Center

Fidelity Found.

UNIFESP

Fragile X Found.

FQRNT

Lippincott Williams and WilkinsDrummond Found.

Center for Translational Molec... Bangor Uni

Conseil General des Alpes-Mari...

Leadership Education in Adoles...

Massachusetts Huntingtons Dise...

National Institute for Mental ...

American Australian Association

MS Society of Great Britain an...

Worzner Found.

Telstra Research Found.

FRC

John and Birthe Meyer Found.Bavarian Ministry of Commerce

Schizophrenia Society of Ontario

Alkermes

Austrian National Bank

Edmond J. Safra Philanthropic ...

Cyberonics Inc

Krakow, Poland

Guangxi National Natural Scien...

Uni of Iceland

UPV-EHU

S-R Found.

Sweden

Swedish State Support for Clin...

National Insurance Institute o...

OBSSR

Uni of Arizona

Brain Exit Scholarship

AFSSAPS

Ulleval Uni Hospital

Dept. of Health of the Govt. o...

German Federal Ministry for Fa...

HNRC

Mother and Child Found.

State Key Laboratory of Cognit...

Swedish Medical Society

ADCS

Ing. Cesare Cusan

Irving B. Harris Found.

CVZ

The Helsinki Biomedical Gradua...

ASLA

John Simon Guggenheim Found.

Loo och Hans Ostermans Found.

Asan Institute for Life Sciences

Carnegie Found.

Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung...

Uni of Glasgow

A Lance Armstrong Found.

Finska LAkaresAllskapet

Roswell Park Transdisciplinary...

Consejeria de Salud de la Junt...

and Mental Health

Berlin Brandenburgische Akadem...

FMRE

Borderline Personality Disorde...

Gordon Fund for Eating Disorders

Health Bureau of Zhejiang Prov...

Mahidol Uni

TRF

Uni of Adelaide

Royal College of Physicians/Du...

Deutsche Krebshilfe Research F...

Koret Family Found.

CTSI

American Epilepsy Society

Fondazione IDEA

Pittsburgh Found.

Stichting Johanna KinderFonds

IG MooDS

COST-Action

American Nurses Found.

Danish Research Council

LOreal

Uni of Nebraska

Uni of Cincinnati

Katz Family Found.

Argentina

Case Western Reserve Uni

AfAR

APHCRI

Brain Net Europe

Taiwan Bureau of National Heal...

KNAW

France

Uni of Tampere

General Insurance Association ...

HirnligaUniversities of Tubingen

Progetto Fondazione Roma

Region Nord-Pas de Calais (Fra...

Medical Science Council

NABI Biopharmaceuticals

NCCDPHP

Wenzhou Science and Technology...

Uni of Saskatchewan

United Arab Emirates Uni

Behrens-Weise-Stiftung

Woodruff Fund

Internationaal Parkinson Fonds...

Woods Family Trust

Kessler Found. Research Center

Royal Society Wolfson Merit Aw...

EDF-GDF

Whitehall and Packard Found.s

Peter F. McManus Charitable Tr...

PSP association

Royal Physiographic Society

Ontario Research Fund

Hjarnfonden

Trolle-Wachtmeister Found. for...

Uni of Western Ontario

Duke Endowment

VCU

Agency of the Academy of Scien...

VEGA

Shirley Found.

Consejeria de Educacion - Junt...

Silvio O. Conte Center

National MS-Society

FONACIT

Abdi Ibrahim

Fondation Pierre Deniker

Uni of Wollongong

FONDAP

Paulo Found.

Swedish Royal Bank Tercentenni...

Jack Brown and Family Alz. Fou...

La Region Aquitaine

INPRFMDIES

Ford Found.

Baxter

Naito Found.

Royal Netherlands Academy of A...

Extendicare Found.

Universite de Strasbourg

Amgen

Epilepsy Research Found. of Am...

Helsefonden

Fritz-Thyssen-Stiftung

Breast Cancer Research Found.

Daimler Benz Found. (Germany)

IRCCS

Italian PRIN 2007

Merz

Norlien Found.

UNICEF

Research Institute of the Norw...

UK Ministry of Justice

Uni of Essex

Fran and Ray Stark Found. Fund...

Allon

Blue Cross Blue Shield of Mich...Uni at Buffalo

Svenska Lakaresallskapet

Stifterverband fur die Deutsch...

Charles Hood Found.

Robert and Clarice Smith Fello...

Dutch Cancer Society

Victorian Neurotrauma Initiative

Xavier Uni

Hartmann Muller Found.

Dementia

Finnish-Swedish Medical Associ...

Hong Kong Jockey Club Charitie...

CTSA

Organon

Slovak Ministry of EducationSlovak Research and Developmen...

USAID

W W Norton Company

Crafoord Found.

Asklepios-Med (Hungary)

Association pour la Recherche ...

Highland Street Found.

Heinz Found.

Fondation Plan Alzheimer

Endo Pharmaceuticals

UK Centre for Tobacco Control ...

Medical Found. Queen Elisabeth

Imperial College London

Uni of Southampton

APF

Center for Mental Health Servi...

Genentech

WOS

Science Found. Arizona

Baycrest Found.

Brazilian Ministry of HealthCa...

Canadian Institutes for Advanc...

Romanian Ministry for Educatio...

Pharma Neuro Boost

AGRE

Brown Uni

Axel Linders Stiftelse

Andalusian Govt.

Medical Research Council of so...

Beckley Found.

ERAB

IDIAP jordi Gol

Oregon Clinical and Translatio...

Swedish Childrens Cancer Fund

Conchita Rabago Found.

Herald House

Fondation Leducq

Egmont Found.

Uni of Arkansas

Keck Found.

COGENDCapital District Health Author...

Found. for Physical Therapy

Oregon Health and Science Uni

Rush Uni

Huntingtons Study Group

Conselleria de Sanidad

Oklahoma Center for the Advanc...

Arvo and Lea Ylppo Found.

Community Pharmacy Found.

Robert Packard Center for ALS ...

RETICS

Fudan Uni

Jenny and Antti Wihuri Found. ...

Autonomous Community of Madrid

NDSEGRoyal Society of New Zealand M...

Autism Consortium of Boston

Helse Vest RHF PhD grant

Hjalmar Svenssons Found.

Ministry of Health

Uni of Aberdeen

Society for Support of Researc...

Muscular Dystrophy Campaign

NPRI

NHR

Uni of Lille

Wenner-Gren Found.

Diabetes UK Project

Ischemia Research and Educatio...

Danish Health Insurance Fund

International Rett Syndrome Fo...

Aalborg Psychiatric Hospital

British Geriatrics Society

Spanish Ministry of Social Aff...

Alberta Gaming Research Instit...

Institute for Mental Health Re...Arizona State UniAspect Medical

AusAID

South Australian Dept. of Health

Australian-Chinese Academy of ...

Austrian Academy of Science

Yonsei Uni

Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuti...

NEDA

Brainsway

California Health Care Found.

RIED

Research Retirement Found.

Chinese Govt.

Dept. of Pharmaceutical Scienc...

Copenhagen Council Research Fo...

Research Fund of the Central D...

Danish Ministry of the Interio...

Far Eastern Memorial Hospital

Higher Education Funding Counc...EFSD

EVO grant (Finland)

US AID

Gerencia Regional de Salud de ...

German Parkinsons Disease Asso...

German Cancer Aid DZNE

Health Committee, Vastra Gotal...

Technology Strategy Board Gran...

Ministry for Food

Uni of Malaya

Istituto Superiore di Sanita

WPA

LUMC

Manchester Mental Health and S...

Nutricia Research Found.

MOHE, Malaysia

National Center for Injury Pre...

Swiss National Research Fund

Promotion and Mutual Aid Corpo...

SNF

Theodore and Vada Stanley Found.

The William and Flora Hewlett ...

Cambridge Uni Press

ANU

Linnea and Josef Carlsson Found.

The Gerber Found.

Adelson Medical Research Found.

ANZ Charitable Trust

Northwestern Uni

ADAA

ECU

US Agency for Health Care Poli...

ICREA Found.

Region Ile-de-France

Scottish Funding Council

Albert Pahlsson Found.

Brain Resource

Hogg Found. for Mental Health

Hospira

NSW Institute of Psychiatry Re...

Uni of Auckland

FONDATION FYSSEN

Belmont

Italian Telethon Found.

American Medical Association

FSCD

The SCAN Found.

Fundacion Espanola de Psiquiat...

Shervert Frazier Research Inst...

Ban-bury Fund

Ahmanson Found.

Tamkin Found.

Universitat Munchen

Gottfried und Julia Bangerter-...

Sigma Tau

La Trobe Uni

Tourettes Action

Fundacion Caja Madrid (Spain)

Mind and Life Institute

Peter Emch Family Found.

EMGO + Institute for Health an...

CIEN

Lebanese Ministry of Public He...

Autistica

Danish National Board of Health

Open Society Institute

College de France

Shirley and Jack Goldberg Trust

All Childrens Hospital Researc...

Minster

ARC

Action on Addiction

Fondazione CARIPARO

Greek Ministry of Education

Uni of CologneAriSLA

FORSS

National Sleep Found.

Solvay

Fundacion Marcelino Botin

Danish Medical Association Res...

Young Investigator Award

Neuronetics Inc

CURE

Uni of Toyama

Fonds Leon Fredericq

Uni of Rostock

Sage

Norwegian Financing mechanism

MIFAB

Prentiss Found.

Ritter Found.

Neuroscience Research Charitab...

Polish Academy of Sciences

Urban Institute

Bettencourt-Schueller Found.

Consortiuum of Multiple Sclero...

DSRTF

State of Florida

Finnish National Graduate Scho...

Paavo Nurmi Found.

Sven-Jerring Fond Found.

MOE - Shanghai Key Laboratory ...

Reina Sofia Found.

Medical Uni of Vienna

Queens Uni

Korean Centers for Disease Con...

Uni of the Witwatersrand

TUBITAK

Association France Parkinson

Dagmar Marshalls Fund

New York State Dept. of Health

Nancy Kirwan Heart Research Fund

Kaiser Found. Research Institute

UniGe

Templeton Found.

Astellas Found.

Uni of Tasmania

British Health and Safety Exec...

National Health Research and D...

Uni of Torino

Mohegan Sun Casino

UNICEF

USA

Litebook Company Ltd

Uni of Ulm

redIAPP

Broad GO Sequencing Project

Seattle GO Sequencing Project

LECMA

In Silico

Beijing Municipality

British Council

NISCHR CRC

WORD

RNM

First of May Annual Flower Cam...

Gillbergska Found.

Italian Institute of Technology

KZ

Sir Charles Gardner Hospital

Progetto Regione Lombardia

Ministry of Social Protection ...

Solstickan Found.

US Govt.

David and Lucile Packard Found.

ResMed Found.

Dutch Top-Institute Pharma

FONDEF

Uni of Milan

Siemens

Lars Hierta Memorial Found.

American Society for Clinical ...

MC

Ministry of Science

CME Institute/Physicians Postg...

Medical Research Council of Ca...

ARCS Found.

Cardiff Uni

FKK

Dept. of Psychiatry

Ente Cassa di Risparmio

Polish State Committee for Sci...

European Federation of Neurolo...

Finnish Child Psychiatric Rese...

Fondazione Cariverona

Greek State Scholarships Found.

Istanbul Uni

National Institute of Occupati...

P1 vital Ltd

Research Found. of Shanghai He...

National Council for Mental He...

HFSP

Associazione per la Ricerca su...

Uni of Leeds

OBI

Tampere Tuberculosis Found.

Novo Nordisk

Reta Lila Weston Institute for...

Brain Mapping Medical Research...

Pierson-Lovelace Found.

Medice

Wallace Research Found.

Regione Piemonte

IPA

Swiss Academy of Medical Scien...

MultiHealth Systems

Ontario Institute for Cancer R...

GGZ Buitenamstel-Geestgronden

Finnish Ministry of Education ...

Gilead

National Academy of Neuropsych...

Isaac Newton Trust Cambridge

AHRC UK

Barrow Neurological Found.

Slovenian Ministry for research

Samfundet Folkhalsan in Finland

Cincinnati Childrens Hospital ...

New York Community Trust

Physicians Post-Graduate Press

Uni of Salamanca

Norwegian Womens Public Health...

New England Research InstitutesPennsylvania State Uni

SIDA

Schizophrenia Research Fund

National Football League Chari...

Alma and K.A. Snellman Found.

American Academy of Pediatrics...

BioMarin

Christian Medical College

Colciencias

Council of Region Burgundy

Czech Science Found.

Finlands Slot Machine Associat...

Schwaabe

Ipsen

U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine a...

Migraine Research Fund

Inokashira Hospital Research F...

Pritzker Consortium

HSE, Ireland

Johnnie B. Byrd

Ludvig og Sara Elsass Found.

Austin Health

Associazione Amici del Centro ...

Cell Science Research Found. J...

RJG Found.

IREBStiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggm...

Academic Psychiatric Center AMC

PEPFAR

cNEUPRO

Danish Cancer Society Research...

nEUROsyn

EuroBiobank

DGPPN

Ministry of Immigrant Absorpti...

Mission Interministerielle de ...Uni of Rome

Maire Tapola Found.

JPB Medical Found.

McLaughlin Centre

Erasmus Medical Centre

ENGAGE project

MS Society of CanadaSaul A. Silverman Family Found.

Beckett-Found.

Annie E. Casey Found.

iDEA

GGZinGeest

Capital Group Companies Charit...

Jennifer Jones-Simon Found.

John Wiley and Sons

Dutch MS Research Found.

Jack Brockhoff Foundation

Norwegian Cancer Society

UK Health Protection Agency

Uni Mental Health Research Ins...

Jeantet Found.

Myer Found.

Found. Banco di SardegnaRegione Autonoma della Sardegn...

Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of ...

Lawson Health Research Institute

Uni of Birmingham

FRM Found.

Cancer Council of Queensland

Brain Found. (The Netherlands)

Fondazione del Monte di Bologn...

Rivierduinen

Brain Mapping Support Found.

Stanley Center for Psychiatric...

program Investissements davenir

Daiichi Sankyo

Regional Health Research Found...

Uni of Oklahoma

North-star Fund

Stiftelsen Psykiatriska Forskn...

Stanley Thomas Johnson Found.

Netherlands Consortium for Hea...

American Association of Uni Wo...

Fetzer Institute

Gobierno de Navarra (Spain)

European Scientific Advisory B...

Uni of New Mexico

IMPRT

VSB Fonda

Genzyme

Ingabritt and Arne Lundberg re...

David Judah Fund

Roskilde County

Dijk en DuinGGZ Noord Holland Noord

AbbVie

Actelion

Region Rhone-Alpes (France)

Akdeniz Uni

Uni of Lubeck

Gothenburg Dental Society

Allergan

West Virginia Uni

American Sleep Research Societ...

Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio

Inje Uni

Regione Toscana Health Authority

ARRS

Konkuk Uni Research Found.

Diana Helis Henry Medical Rese...

Uni Medical Center Hamburg-Epp...

Hanyang Uni

Brigham & Womens Hospital

Brigham Young Uni Shriners Hospitals for Childre...

Sallskapet Bar-navard

China Medical Board of New Yor...

China Scholarship Council

Chulalongkorn Uni

Psychological Assessment Resou...

CogState Ltd

Uni of Padua

Global Fund

Ministry of Science Technology...

GGZ Mental Health Institute

Hong Kong Polytechnic Uni

Dimence

Psychiatric Association of Tur...

GGZ Oost-Brabant

Montreal Childrens Hospital Re...

Health Dept. of the Basque Cou...

Global Fund

Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc

Scientific Fund W. Gepts UZ Br...La Fondation pour la Recherche...

The Sidney Kimmel Center for P...

Uni of Kebangsaan Malaysia

NPSA, UK

Inha Uni Research

Helse Nord RHF

Shiraz Uni

Israel Anti Drug and Alcohol A...

Judie and Marshall Polk Resear...

Kyung-Hee Uni

Mashhad Uni of Medical Sciences

USM

Uni of Catania

Uni of Louisville

The Spencer Found.

Uni of Southern Denmark

Swedish federal Govt.

Valeant

Veneto Region

NPRIUNESCO

Elgart Fund on Brain AgingHastings Center

Physicians Academy

Conseil General de la Gironde

Prins Clauscentrum Sittard

AXA Research Fund

Federal Ministry of Health

Anclote Found.

Alliance-Biosecure Found.

Elite Graduate Network of Bava...

Danish Centre for Evaluation a...

Uni of Tennessee

Robson Family

Ligue contre le Cancer

MMC Pediatric

McGraw Hill

Mondriaan Zorggroep

PZ Sancta Maria Sint-Truiden

Folkhalsan Research Found.

Meerkanten

Movement Disorder Society

Programma Strategico

GGZ Noord- Midden Limburg

LPFCH

Adlerbertska Research Found.

RIAGG Roermond

Ingeest

PC Ziekeren Sint-Truiden

Universitair Centrum Sint-Joze...

Federazione Italians Giuoco Ca...

GGNet

Springer

Maastricht: GGZ Overpelt

Estonian Govt.

Komen Breast Cancer Found. Award

Shenzhen Bureau of Health

GGZ Midden-Brabant

Departament de Salut

RIAGG Amersfoort

Ministry of Health and the Nat...

Lindhaga Found.

Research Council of Lithuania

Shenzhen Bureau of Science

Spanish Ministry of Public Hea...

GGZ Eindhoven

Kempe Found.

OPZ Rekem

Gis - Maladies rares

GGZ De Grote Rivieren

CIDA

SSHRC

Page 35: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 25

NIMH

NIH

BBRF

NIAAA

NIDA

VA

NIA

MRC UK

WT

NCRR

CNPq Brazil

FAPESP

Alz Assoc.

973 China

NSFC

MEXTMHLW Japan

BMBF

DFG

CIHR

FRQS

CAPES

ARC

NHMRC

NIHR

NHS England

MEST

NRF

NSERC

NICHD

KCL

US NSF

NINDS

FIS

MICINN

MSFHR

JSPS

NCI

EU

NWO

ESRC UK

NHLBI

University of California

DHHS

CRC

NHRI Taiwan

NSC Taiwan

SMRI

MEC China

Aus Govt. Dept. Health

FAS

SRC

NKT R&D China

US DOD

ALF

863 project

FAPERGS

DFAPEMIG

GdC

OMHF

AHA

AIHS

ADNI

NIBIB

AFIP

AR UK

Dana Foundation

Victorian State Govt.

ASC

Colonial Found.

Foundation of Chinese Academy ...

Taipei Veterans General Hospit...

SSHRC

MOHLTC

MOST China

New South Wales Health

Aust. Rotary Health

CHDI

RWJF

Karolinska Inst.

FAPERJAutism Speaks

NINR

AFSP

MHW Korea

Pfizer

Harvard Uni

HRB

SFI UK DH

MIUR

SFARI

Columbia Uni

AHAF

Fundamental Research Funds for...

SNSF

BBSRC

Academy of Finland

Sigrid Juselius

APA

Heart&Stroke Foundation

NRC

South-East Norway Health Autho...MEC, Spain

NCATS

DOE

Mayo Clinic Foundation

CREST

CFI

Lilly

RRF

Manitoba Health Research Council

beyondblue

NIDDK

Czech Ministry of Education, Y... Ministry of the Health of the ...

Shandong Provincial Outstandin...

Takeda Science Found.

MacArthur Foundation

USPHS

Illinois Dept. of Public Healt...

CDC

BHF UK

EPSRC

FIRCA

DoH, Taiwan

Universidade do Extremo Sul Ca...

VWS

PHRC

INSERM

Specialized Research Fund, China

Uni of New South Wales

Uni of Oslo

American Cancer Society

SAMHSA

FAPESC

Eisai

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital i...

Swedish Brain Found.

State of Connecticut

BELSPO

FWO-V

FIPE

Uni of Bristol

KOSEF

ANR

Uni of Sydney

JST

INCT

Uni of Melbourne

China Postdoctoral Science Found

ISAO

Uni of Washington

CSIR, IndiaDST, India

Beijing Municipal Science & Te...

Burroughs Wellcome Fund

K.U. Leuven Uni

Uni of Pittsburgh

Western Norway Regional Health

NIEHS

Alz. Society, UK

German Max Planck Society

FINEP

CRUK

Kuopio Uni Hospital

Tourette Syndrome Association-...

Uni of Helsinki

ABMRF

SRI

MOEHRD

Uni of Pennsylvania

Yrjo Jahnsson Found.

CIBERNED

GSK

Erasmus Uni Medical Centre

Bruce J. Anderson Found.

McLean Private Donors Psychoph...NIDCD

State of Arizona

Scottish Govt.ERDF

Yale Uni

NIGMS

Academia Sinica

Finnish Work Environment Fund

Alz. Foundation, Sweden

FAEPA

ABADHS

Hartford Foundation

Ministry of Health

Singapore Millennium Found.

Swedish Brainpower

AGAUR

National Cheng Kung Uni Hospital

Janssen

Fondazione Cariplo

Pfizer Foundation

Johns Hopkins Uni

CONICET

Uni of Buenos Aires

BMS

Otsuka

HHMI

AFaR

MJ Fox Foundation

Forest

Uni of Texas

Finnish Cultural Found.

National Taiwan Uni Hospital

NIAID

Health and Labor Sciences Rese...

China Medical Uni

NCCAM

NHF

Innovative Medicines Initiative

FRM

Uni of Antwerp

VU Amsterdam

WODC

CNRS

Plan Nac. Sobre Drogas

PAHO

ADDDF

Guys and St Thomas Charitable ...

Australian Govt.

Uni of Michigan

Zikei Institute of Psychiatry

Washington Uni

NIBIO

Soderstrom Konigska Found.

USEPA

Swedish Society for Medical Re...

ICMR

La Fundacio La Marato de TV3

Estonian Ministry of Education...

Estonian Science Found. Grant

Sophia Found. for Medical Rese...

HRC

New Zealand Lottery Health Board

Pearson Center for Alcoholism ...

IWT

Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz

Royal Society

Emil Aaltonen Found.

Shanghai Leading Academic Disc...

SNUH

Merck

Mackay Memorial Hospital

Stiftelsen Gamla Tjanarinnor

ERC

CAMH

National Heart Found. of Austr...

Multiple Sclerosis Society

USAMRMC

Cure Alzheimers Fund

AZMutua Madrilena Found.

Helmholtz

W T Grant Found.

Italian Ministry of Health

FCT

ALSAC

Uni of Groningen

Emory Uni

Canterbury Medical Research Fo...

Guilford Press

ESF

SENYFundaci / Fondation SENY

UGC, India

National Center for Responsibl...

Knut and Alice Wallenberg Found.

California Tobacco-Related Dis...

MINECO

Vanderbilt Uni

HDF

Uni of Rotterdam

AACAP

Feinstein Institute for Medica...

Uni of Toronto

Victorian Health Promotion Fou...

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania D...

Kaohsiung Medical Uni

Alzheimer Nederland grantStichting Dioraphte

Trimbos Institute

Samsung Medical Center

Juho Vainio Found.

UK

Research Capacity Building Grant

APIRE

HDSA

British Academy

Swiss Federal Institute of Tec...

Flemish Govt.

Arizona Biomedical Research Co...

Sahlgrenska Academy

Victorian Trauma Found. general

Dutch Medical Research Council

Gulbenkian Found.

Ontario Graduate Scholarship

Fondation FondaMental

Uni of Zurich

Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla

Alzheimers Australia

Arizona Dept. of Health Services

ADRC

Uni of Minnesota

Japan Found. for Neuroscience ...

State of California

Stichting VUmc fonds

La Fondation de France

Doris Duke-Charitable Found.

Dutch Brain Association

AFI

NIMHD

APA

Lundbeck Foundation

EFF

Hersenstichting

NIDRR

US Dept. of Education

Boston Uni

Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Found.

Found. Alfonso Martin Escudero

Jalmari and Rauha Ahokas Found.

Canadian Psychiatric Associati...

NIVEL

Utrecht Uni

Danish Council for Independent...

Japan Health Sciences Found.

MCHB

GGZ Rivierdumen

Danish Medical Research Council

RIKEN

Ellison Medical Found.

Parkinsons Disease Society UK

Uni of Wisconsin

Social Insurance Institution

Uni of Bergen

Novartis Found.

GGZ Drenthe

GGZ Friesland

Wyncote Found.

UWA

OTKA

Volkswagen Found. (Germany)

Demensfonden

CONACYT

UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT

ISF

Bristol-Myers Squibb Found.

Science and Technology Coopera...

Innlandet Hospital Trust resea...

Norwegian Ministry of Health a...

National Science & Technology ...

Uni College LondonBRACE

Larry L Hillblom Found.

Amsterdam Brain Imaging Platform

Hospital for Sick Children Fou...

NESDA

Regional Ministry of Innovation Geelong Region Medical Researc...

Health Found.

ONR

National Child Health Research...

Muscular Dystrophy Association...

Uehara Memorial Found. (Japan)

EPFL

Novartis

Parkinsons Disease Found.

NHGRI

Elan

Wyeth

Nova Scotia Health Research Fo...

UBC

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corpo...

Science and Technology Commiss...

CAM

New York State through Office ...

McKnight Research Found.

UKs Ministry of Defence

Sackler Found.

Uni of Bologna

Pacific Alzheimer Research Fou...

FWF

John Douglas French Alzheimers...

GGZ inGeest research Dept.

Lundbeck

CNR

Medicine and Health Science Te...

Newcastle Uni

Uni of Montreal

Monzino Found.s

UNC

Dutch Diabetes Research Found.

BUPA Found.

March of Dimes USA

Finnish Found. for Alcohol Stu...

NCCR

IQ Healthcare

James S McDonnell Found.

Leverhulme Trust

Uni of Kentucky

WHO

Kakenhi

NLMFF

Uni of Turku

Atomic Energy Council of Taiwan

Sanchez Found.s

Uni of South Florida

Found. for Polish Science

MOSHE Poland

ACISR

Instituto Cerebro e Mente-Brazil

Massachusetts General Hospital

Shire

Science and Technology Plannin...

Hunter Medical Research Instit...

Agencia Nacional de Promocion ...

Uni of China

Klingenstein Third Generation ...

Uppsala Uni

McGill Uni

American Academy of Neurology ...

Psychiatry Research Trust

OMA-MH

Uni of Otago

Lentis

Chinese Scholarship Council

NEI

Israeli Ministry of Health

NIAMS CIRM

German Ministry of Health

Ronald Philip Griffith Fellows...

Brain Research Found.

Vardal Research Found.

NCNP

SAO-FRMA

WM Keck Found.

NEURODEM Cymru

Science and Technology Bureau ...Sichuan Uni

Ministry of Education

Velux Found. Switzerland

FNRS

Atlantic Philanthropies

BC Mental Health and Addiction...

John W. Alden Trust

Health Canada

FaHCSIA

state Govt. of Bavaria

Gun and Bertil Stohnes Stiftelse

Oriented Hundred Talents Progr...

Uni of Amsterdam

ISOA

Dutch Alzheimers Society

KACSTKing Saud Uni

NSW Health

NYCDOHMH

RASRFBR

Research Group for Schizophrenia

Uni of Maryland

Alcohol Advisory Council of Ne...

Taipei City Govt. in Taiwan

Canadian Health Services and R...

Leiden Uni

Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und H...

Norwegian Found. for Health an...

Fok Ying Tung Found.

Scientific Research Found. for...

A*STAR

National Medical Research Coun...

Connecticut Mental Health Center

EHDN

Uni of Manitoba

Hungarian Academy of Science

Junta de Andalucia

MGEN

Uni of Jena

ADRC

Uni of Muenster

Arkin

Canadian Nurses Found.

Kenneth T. and Eileen L. Norri...

Govt. of Canada

Uni of Colorado

Uni of Edinburgh

Neurosciences Victoria

Genome Canada

Monash Uni

European Social Fund

Social Ministry of the Federal...

Japanese Research Found. for C...

Takeda

NAMIC

Uni of Eastern Finland

NAAR

Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Rese...

Alexander von Humboldt Researc...

J. O. and J. R. Wicking Trust

USDA

FONDECYT

Neuroscience Research Australia

Liaison Committee

Uni of Liege (Belgium)Umea Uni

Smoking Research Found. of Japan

NHG

SBIC

Thurings Found.

Ministry of Health of the Gene...

CTCRI

Ontario Ministry of Research a...

Olga Mayenfisch Found.

Robert C. Borwell Endowment Fund

Uni of Hong Kong

New South Wales Dept. of Healt...

Multiple Sclerosis Society of ...

DAAD

Govt. of Ontario

CNAMTS

Reckitt Benckiser

National R&D Special Fund for ...

Fonds Quebecois - Societe et l...

Medical Scientific Research Fo...

Uni of Padova

Ontario Womens Health Council

Fonds NutsOhra

State of Texas

Swedish Found. for Strategic R...

NLM

Action Medical Research (UK)

Uni of Kansas

CIBERER

FA

Gustav and Victoria Found.

Pratt Found.

Seaver Found.

Uni Hospital Basel

Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Fo...

CSIRO

AFOSR

MES

Swedish National Board for Hea...

Macquarie Uni

French Ministry of Education a...

Norwegian Directorate of Healt...

Philip Morris-USA

Bror Gadelius Fund

Henry Smith Charity & Epilepsy...

RGC

JDRF

Big Lottery Fund

Canadian Cancer Society Resear...

Duke Uni

Uni of Florida

Torsten och Ragnar Soderbergs ...

Ministry of Science, Serbia

Tianjin research program of ap...

Piedmont Region of Italy

Telethon

Ortho McNeilChinese Ministry of Health

Netherlands Brain Found.

State of Michigan

Shanghai Committee of Science ...

Research to Prevent Blindness ...

Uni of Queensland

MIND Institute

NCNP

NOVO Nordisk Found.

Sidell-Kagan Found.

ARRA

Tampere Uni

Taipei City Hospital Research

Saskatchewan Health Research F...

PAPD, China

Finnish Medical Found.

Royal Brisbane and Womens Hosp...

Boehringer Ingelheim

Mental Health Commission of Ca...

Swedish Childhood Cancer Society

Foundation of NIHMedtronic

973 Program

Showa Uni

Glenn Found. for Medical Resea...

Xunta de Galicia

FDA

National Research Found.

CAS

Association France-Alzheimer

American Diabetic Association

NCA

American Psychiatric Publishing

Johnson & Johnson Inc

Parkinson Society of CanadaMinistry of Health

RIVM

Unilever

SENSHIN Medical Research Found.

Norwegian Institute of Public ...

AAQI

Ministry of Education

Scottish Mental Health Researc...

Welsh Assembly Govt.

South African Research Chairs ...

Bial Found.

Hirosaki Research Institute fo...

Korea Uni Grant

Nepean Medical Research Found.Basque Govt.

MRC

Uni of Cape Town

Epilepsy Found.

Dunhill Medical Trust

NASA

Charles Uni in Prague

Qingdao Bureau of Science and ...

Vancouver Coastal Health Resea...

Uni of Copenhagen

NIH

Alberta Childrens Hospital Fou...

Uni of Iowa

Sjobring Fund

Canadian Stroke Network

Aachen Uni

Bowles Center for Alcohol Stud...

NBRP China

Conseils Regionaux dAquitaine ...

ICES

CANMAT

Swedish Dept. of Higher Educat...

CONICYT

Regional Govt.s of Aquitaine

State of Connecticut

SRA

Philips

CSIC

Radboud Uni Nijmegen Medical C...

Korean Healthcare Technology R...

Betsy and Jonathan Blattmachr ...

FRAXA Research Found.

Price Found.

DHS

Stichting tot Steun VCVGZ

Irish Life plc

German National Academic Found.

Uni of Missouri

Compagnia di San Paolo Torino ...Regione-Piemonte

Donaghue Found.

Starr Found.

Found. of Gedeon Richter

Uni of Southern California

PB

RCUK

Ministry of Social Affairs and...

Uni of Cambridge

Northern California Institute ...

Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital

Ahlens Found.

Uni of Massachusetts

CEM

Alcohol Education and Rehabili...

Baylor College of MedicineNational Research Found. of So...

Fundo de Auxlio aos Docentes ...

Prinses Beatrix Fonds

CHU Montpellier

Australian National Institute ...

CRCM

RIDE

Swedish Prison and Probation S...

IRCSET

Kanae Science Found.Mochida Memorial Foundalion

Shanghai Science & Technology ...

VINNOVA

GCRC

Sir John Templeton Found.

Neurological Found. of New Zea...

China Mega-Project for Infecti...SKLID

Prechter Found.

Nuffield Found.

Croatian Ministry of Science

AIRC

DFID

SIEF

Free State of Saxony

Norwegian Uni of Science and T...

COE

Clothworkers Found.

Pears Found.

Shanghai Science & Technology ...

Donald W. Reynolds Found.

IMHRO

Marriot Found.

GE-Healthcare

Uni of Calgary

Australian Brewers Found.

Irish Govt.

Regione Lombardia

Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust

Waterloo Found.

Respironics Found.

City of Kuopio

Uni of Rochester

Age UK

Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma

OZR

NIPI

Swiss Anorexia Nervosa Found.

Essel Found.

Uni of Miami

Helen Macpherson Smith Trust

Spunk Fund Inc (New York)

Academic Frontier Project for ...

Oxford Uni Press

Uni of Konstanz

Ministry of Cultural Affairs

Viertel Charitable Found.

Uni of Bonn

Childrens Hospital Boston

Juntendo Uni

Ivan Nielsens Found.

Dalhousie Medical Research Fou... Office of juvenile Justice and...

Norwegian Council for Mental H...

FAMRI

Fundacion La Caixa

Uni of Ottawa

NSC

Shanghai Municipal Health Bure...

Nordic Centre of Excellence in...

Found. of Shanghai Science and... IDDRCDalhousie Uni

American Psychological Associa...

Hertie Foundat

American Parkinson's Disease A...

Ake-Wiberg Found.

PRONEX, Brazil

Beatrice Surovell Haskell Fund...

CIBM

Clinical Neurosciences Divisio...

Dutch National Asthma Found.

Servier

Scottish Charity

St. Patricks Uni Hospital Dublin

Helen Bader Found.

TAMOP, Hungary

Intel Corporation

Kane Family Found.

Uni of Singapore

ALS/CVS Therapy Alliance

Uni of Barcelona

NEDO, Japan

AFA Insurance Company

National Basic Research Program

Swiss Federal Office of Public...

Murdoch Childrens Research Ins...

HDRF

Bayer

California HIV/AIDS Research P...

Uni of Utah

Curtin Uni of Technology

Bernard Wolfe Health Neuroscie...

International Parkinson Found.

CTSA

G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers...

Alfred P Sloan Research

Medical Research Service of th...

Academy of Medical Sciences (UK)

National Brain Research Center

DVBIC

Raine Found. for Medical Resea...

Arthritis Research Campaign

National Cancer Institute of C...

National Infrastructure Progra...

Queensland State Govt.

Queensland Uni of Technology

NIDCR

Swedish Heart Lung Found.

Social Sciences Council

Hans und Ilse Breuer Stiftung

UCB

Uni of Alberta

AFM

Danish National Psychiatric Re...

Thrasher Research Fund

Dutch Govt.

Bill and Melinda Gates Found.

Danish Heart Found. Danish Ministry of Health and ...

W. Garfield Weston Found. grant

Irma T. Hirschl Award

Abbott

Landesstiftung Baden-Wurttemberg

Hungarian Ministry of Health

McBean Family Found.

Nellie Ball Research Trust Fund

SCDDSN

Robert Bosch Found.

Ministere de l'education

Ministry of Knowledge Economy ...

Shanghai Rising- Star Program

Trustees of the Blanchette Hoo...

Obsessive Compulsive Found.Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program

Klingenstein Found.s

Navarra Regional Govt.

Robert A. Welch Found. Grant

Swedish National Institute of ...

Maastricht Uni

Yerkes Research Center

Jewish Community Federation of...

Uni of Leipzig

Copenhagen Uni Hospital

Queensland Dept. of Health

Carman Trust

Arthritis Found.Uni of South Carolina

Biocenter Finland

Augustinus Fonden

Cancer Council of Victoria

McCusker Found.

Mangurian Found.

Tryg Fonden

Municipality of Rotterdam

DVA

Berkman Charitable Trust

Centre for Child and Adolescen...

Leenaards Found. Switzerland

Sanofi

Henry M. Jackson Found. for th...

National Palliative Care Resea...

Uni of Oxford

Finnish Found. for Pediatric R...

Lund Uni

MRES

Spanish Govt.

Astellas

National Social Science Found....

VHA Career Development Award

Rolf-Dierichs-Stiftung

Medical Research Center

NHTSA

Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg F...

Canadian Diabetes Association/...

Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren R...

Ministry of Chinese Science an...

Tekes

Found. of Hope

CDPH

Altrecht

UCI

Banner Alzheimers Found.

Harvard Catalyst

Ghent Uni Hospital

Queensland Health

US Social Security Administrat...

Fundacion Areces

Stanford Uni

Weinberg Found.

Mind Science Found.

Niigata Uni

CART Foundation

PSI Foundation

The Patrick and Catherine Weld...

McMaster Uni

Enterprise Ireland

The Nicol Found.

Key Program of Medical Develop...

Uni of Oulu

Netherlands Ministry of Educat...

Arrillaga Found.

WSU

Michigan State Uni

International OCD Found.

Women and Infants Research Fou...

WICN

Cambridge Overseas Trust

Universite Claude Bernard Lyon1

State Key Program of National ...

Fonds Psychische Gezondheid

Stockholm Stress Centre

Organization for Autism Research

VicHealth

Uni of the Basque Country

American Orthopsychiatric Asso...

International Family Therapy A...

CIDAR

Soderberg Found.

Motor Neurone Disease Associat...

Josef and Haldis Andresens Legat

Healthway

Finnish Dental Society

Psyadon pharmaceuticals

BBMRI -NL

Austin Hospital Medical Resear...

Finnish National Graduate Scho...

Roche

Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welf...

Phil F. Jenkins Research Fund

Uni of Georgia

Great Ormond Street Hospital C...

Gates Cambridge Scholarship Tr...

Norwegian Parkinson Disease As...

Catholic Medical Center Resear...

Uni of Nottingham

Loyola Uni

ADRC

Commonwealth of Kentucky Resea...

Magnus Bergvall Found.

ANZ Mason Foundation

Wallenberg Found.

Conseil Regional Aquitaine

NeuroDevNet

Tsinghua-Yue-Yuan Medical Scie...

Stephen D. Bechtel

Commonwealth Research Center o...

Scottish Rite Charitable Found...

Ramsay Health Care Australia

Anonymous Medical Found.

Rochester Epidemiology Project

Louisiana Board of Regents grant

State Education Ministry of Ch...

Uni of London

HUBIN Project

ACT Health

Canberra Hospital Specialists ...

Innovatiefonds Zorgverzekeraars

King Pharmaceuticals

Israel National Institute for ...

Jacobs Found. Switzerland

Josiah Macy

La Sapienza Uni

Uni of Heidelberg

Medical Uni of Lodz

MIND Research Network

Tri-service General Hospital F...

Yuli Veterans Hospital

Royal Swedish Academy of Scien...

Heinz C Prechter Bipolar Resea...

Cancer Council NSW

Child and Family Research Inst...

US-Israel Binational Science F...

GACR

Japan Arteriosclerosis Prevent...

Pusan National Uni Hospital BrightFocus Found.

Program for Outstanding Medica...Shanghai Key Project of Basic ...

Environmental Protection AgencyAPF

Uni of Bordeaux

Toronto Rehabilitation Institu...

Univeristy of California

Clemson Uni Institute on Famil...

Finnish Found. for Cardiovascu...

Japanese Society of Clinical N...

Hussman Found.

Uni Hospital of Strasbourg

Finnish Diabetes Research Fund

Autism Research Institute

BHARE Foundation

Health Sciences Found.

Hermann and Lilly Schilling Fo...

CFAR

Mount Zion Health Fund

CurePSP Found.

Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust

Norman Collisson Found.

Defense Science and Technology...

Marta and Nicke Nasvell Found....

Independent Innovation Found. ...

MICHR

National Center for Geriatrics...

AFTD

Suzuken Memorial Found.

Arkansas Biosciences Institute

Greek Ministry of Development

ONDCP

The Sophia Childrens Hospital ...

Banner Sun Health Research Ins...

Uni of Lausanne

Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Diso...

Barnes- Jewish Hospital Found.

111 Project James A. Haley Veterans Hospital

Ontario Problem Gambling Resea...

Found. Orange

Finnish Medical Society

Ontario Neurotrauma Found.

Uni of Manchester

Althingi

Shanghai Municipal Education C...

Human Frontiers Science Program

EMBO

Aase and Ejnar Danielsens Fund

British Medical Association

Israel Academy of Sciences and...

Tel Aviv Uni

BSF

NeFF

Skane county councils research...

International Society for Chil...

Cleveland Found.

CIPSM

UIC

Deakin Uni ASRB

Blowitz Ridgeway Found.

UPMC

Reta Lila Weston Trust for Med...

Commonwealth Fund

Shanghai Changning Health Bure...

Alberta Health Services

Medivation Inc

Uni of Connecticut

EU

Comic Relief

Sidney R. Baer

Uni of Sheffield

PCSIRT

Janssen Research Found.

Flinders Uni

Jazz

NASA NCC

Cornell Uni

Hunan Provincial Natural Scien...

Fundacion INECO

Dept. of Education

VIB

Macquarie Group Found.

INNT

Mount Sinai School of Medicine

Wolfson Trust

Handlanden Hjalmar Svenssons F...

DCRC2

Danish Agency for Science

FINECO

FISM

Sapienza Uni of Rome

Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang...

Manitoba Medical Services Foun...

Uni of Tromso

Institut Pasteur Lille

Health Insurance Found.

Attias Family Found.

Prescott Family Initiative of ...

Strategic Research Program for...

Uni of Newcastle

CAS/SAFEA

AnEUploidy project

Thomas Riellaerts research fund

FIRB

Neurosearch

Japan Epilepsy Research Found.

Uni of Aarhus

HCPA

Bowman Family Found. award

Auckland Medical Research Found.

Ohio State Uni

Ludwig Maximilians Uni

Harry and Doris Crossley Found.

Hartford Hospital Research Pro...

RHA

National Institute of Justice

GENEVA

Medical Research Found. Antwerp

THL, Finland

American Geriatrics Society

ISAN

Korean Research Found.

Uni of Vermont

Skaggs Institute for Chemical ...

Uni Grants Committee of Hong K...

Uni of Virginia

France Found.

Taipei Medical Uni-Wan Fang Ho...

Spanish Child Psychiatry Assoc...

Brain Research Trust

Uni of Paris

CJD

Research Councils UK Fellowship

Medical College of Wisconsin

ECNP

Swedish Parkinson Found.

Research Found. for the Orion ...

Ian Potter Found.

Found. Synapsys

ATSDR

EGRIS

Pirkanmaa Hospital District Re...

Sexual Medicine Society of Nor...

USA

International College of OC Sp...

National Board of Forensic Med...

Goteborg Medical Society

Clinical Science Research and ...

Fondazione Mariani

MNDRI Australia

National Assembly for Wales

William K. Warren Found. of Tu...

UK Epilepsy Research Found.

Swiss Alzheimers Disease Assoc...

Swedish Psychiatry Found.

Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund

Institute for Research on Gamb...

Accident Compensation Corporat...

WCU

Trichotillomania Learning Centre

Loterie Romande

USA

Hillblom Found.

Leonard Levy Found.

Greenwall Found. Faculty

Linkoping Uni Hospital

GIF

The Mason Found.

China Academy of Chinese Medic...

Joseph Drown Found.

Yunnan Province Govt. CMS

Rockefeller Found.

Brain Found.

Biomedical Research Council

Croucher Found.

NIOSH

Biogen

CNCR

Stavros S. Niarchos Found.

South African Dept. of Health

Jane Botsford Johnson Found.

A.P. Moller Found.Institute of Psychiatry

Pittsburgh Claude D. Pepper Ol...

Hope Center for Neurological D...

SINAPSE

RUSK Found.

Hilda and Preston Davis Found.

Random House

Ella and Georg Ehrnrooth Found.

Fondation Jerome Lejeune (Fran...

Ministry of High Education and...

Gatsby Charitable Found.

Akershus Uni Hospital

Danone

Atkins Found.

Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospi...

Cancer Research Center of Exce...

Danish Working Environment Res...

Tehran University of Medical S...

RTI International

Dutch Kidney Found.

Dutch Ministry of Defence

Eli Lilly Research Found.Wyeth Found.

US Administration on Aging

Uni of Ferrara

Uni Bochum

World Bank

Qatar National Research Fund-Q...

HEC of Pakistan

Interstitial Cystitis Associat...

Uni of Western Sydney

Korea Food and Drug Administra...

Uni of Houston

NSLIJ Research Institute NIH G...

US Fulbright Fellowship

Washington State Uni

Uni of Chicago

KI Found.s

Indiana Uni

Hartwell Found.Office of AIDS Research

Tau Research Consortium

Klarman Family Found.

American Legacy Found.

Icelandic Heart Association

Singapore General Hospital

Wake Forest Uni

Fondazione Gaetano e Mafalda L...

Uni of Mississippi

Brookdale Found.

Bertil Hallstens Forskningssti...

Cousins Center for Psychoneuro...

St. Jude Medical Inc.

John Merck Scholars Fund

Glasgow Centre for Population ...

National Basic Research and De...

Childrens Hospital of Philadel...

Charles A. Dana and Buster Fou...

American Psychoanalytic Associ...

MIWFT

Uni of Alabama

Baily Thomas Charitable Fund

IEDC

DeNDRoN

Centre of Excellence for Alzhe...

New York Uni

Hellman Family Found.

ARSEP, France

CCFA

FES

USUHS

Purdue

Peking Uni

Teva

Leukemia&Lymphoma Society

Ontario Innovations Trust

Shanghai Key Discipline Program

GENEVA Coordinating Center

Fidelity Found.

UNIFESP

Fragile X Found.

FQRNT

Lippincott Williams and WilkinsDrummond Found.

Center for Translational Molec... Bangor Uni

Conseil General des Alpes-Mari...

Leadership Education in Adoles...

Massachusetts Huntingtons Dise...

National Institute for Mental ...

American Australian Association

MS Society of Great Britain an...

Worzner Found.

Telstra Research Found.

FRC

John and Birthe Meyer Found.Bavarian Ministry of Commerce

Schizophrenia Society of Ontario

Alkermes

Austrian National Bank

Edmond J. Safra Philanthropic ...

Cyberonics Inc

Krakow, Poland

Guangxi National Natural Scien...

Uni of Iceland

UPV-EHU

S-R Found.

Sweden

Swedish State Support for Clin...

National Insurance Institute o...

OBSSR

Uni of Arizona

Brain Exit Scholarship

AFSSAPS

Ulleval Uni Hospital

Dept. of Health of the Govt. o...

German Federal Ministry for Fa...

HNRC

Mother and Child Found.

State Key Laboratory of Cognit...

Swedish Medical Society

ADCS

Ing. Cesare Cusan

Irving B. Harris Found.

CVZ

The Helsinki Biomedical Gradua...

ASLA

John Simon Guggenheim Found.

Loo och Hans Ostermans Found.

Asan Institute for Life Sciences

Carnegie Found.

Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung...

Uni of Glasgow

A Lance Armstrong Found.

Finska LAkaresAllskapet

Roswell Park Transdisciplinary...

Consejeria de Salud de la Junt...

and Mental Health

Berlin Brandenburgische Akadem...

FMRE

Borderline Personality Disorde...

Gordon Fund for Eating Disorders

Health Bureau of Zhejiang Prov...

Mahidol Uni

TRF

Uni of Adelaide

Royal College of Physicians/Du...

Deutsche Krebshilfe Research F...

Koret Family Found.

CTSI

American Epilepsy Society

Fondazione IDEA

Pittsburgh Found.

Stichting Johanna KinderFonds

IG MooDS

COST-Action

American Nurses Found.

Danish Research Council

LOreal

Uni of Nebraska

Uni of Cincinnati

Katz Family Found.

Argentina

Case Western Reserve Uni

AfAR

APHCRI

Brain Net Europe

Taiwan Bureau of National Heal...

KNAW

France

Uni of Tampere

General Insurance Association ...

HirnligaUniversities of Tubingen

Progetto Fondazione Roma

Region Nord-Pas de Calais (Fra...

Medical Science Council

NABI Biopharmaceuticals

NCCDPHP

Wenzhou Science and Technology...

Uni of Saskatchewan

United Arab Emirates Uni

Behrens-Weise-Stiftung

Woodruff Fund

Internationaal Parkinson Fonds...

Woods Family Trust

Kessler Found. Research Center

Royal Society Wolfson Merit Aw...

EDF-GDF

Whitehall and Packard Found.s

Peter F. McManus Charitable Tr...

PSP association

Royal Physiographic Society

Ontario Research Fund

Hjarnfonden

Trolle-Wachtmeister Found. for...

Uni of Western Ontario

Duke Endowment

VCU

Agency of the Academy of Scien...

VEGA

Shirley Found.

Consejeria de Educacion - Junt...

Silvio O. Conte Center

National MS-Society

FONACIT

Abdi Ibrahim

Fondation Pierre Deniker

Uni of Wollongong

FONDAP

Paulo Found.

Swedish Royal Bank Tercentenni...

Jack Brown and Family Alz. Fou...

La Region Aquitaine

INPRFMDIES

Ford Found.

Baxter

Naito Found.

Royal Netherlands Academy of A...

Extendicare Found.

Universite de Strasbourg

Amgen

Epilepsy Research Found. of Am...

Helsefonden

Fritz-Thyssen-Stiftung

Breast Cancer Research Found.

Daimler Benz Found. (Germany)

IRCCS

Italian PRIN 2007

Merz

Norlien Found.

UNICEF

Research Institute of the Norw...

UK Ministry of Justice

Uni of Essex

Fran and Ray Stark Found. Fund...

Allon

Blue Cross Blue Shield of Mich...Uni at Buffalo

Svenska Lakaresallskapet

Stifterverband fur die Deutsch...

Charles Hood Found.

Robert and Clarice Smith Fello...

Dutch Cancer Society

Victorian Neurotrauma Initiative

Xavier Uni

Hartmann Muller Found.

Dementia

Finnish-Swedish Medical Associ...

Hong Kong Jockey Club Charitie...

CTSA

Organon

Slovak Ministry of EducationSlovak Research and Developmen...

USAID

W W Norton Company

Crafoord Found.

Asklepios-Med (Hungary)

Association pour la Recherche ...

Highland Street Found.

Heinz Found.

Fondation Plan Alzheimer

Endo Pharmaceuticals

UK Centre for Tobacco Control ...

Medical Found. Queen Elisabeth

Imperial College London

Uni of Southampton

APF

Center for Mental Health Servi...

Genentech

WOS

Science Found. Arizona

Baycrest Found.

Brazilian Ministry of HealthCa...

Canadian Institutes for Advanc...

Romanian Ministry for Educatio...

Pharma Neuro Boost

AGRE

Brown Uni

Axel Linders Stiftelse

Andalusian Govt.

Medical Research Council of so...

Beckley Found.

ERAB

IDIAP jordi Gol

Oregon Clinical and Translatio...

Swedish Childrens Cancer Fund

Conchita Rabago Found.

Herald House

Fondation Leducq

Egmont Found.

Uni of Arkansas

Keck Found.

COGENDCapital District Health Author...

Found. for Physical Therapy

Oregon Health and Science Uni

Rush Uni

Huntingtons Study Group

Conselleria de Sanidad

Oklahoma Center for the Advanc...

Arvo and Lea Ylppo Found.

Community Pharmacy Found.

Robert Packard Center for ALS ...

RETICS

Fudan Uni

Jenny and Antti Wihuri Found. ...

Autonomous Community of Madrid

NDSEGRoyal Society of New Zealand M...

Autism Consortium of Boston

Helse Vest RHF PhD grant

Hjalmar Svenssons Found.

Ministry of Health

Uni of Aberdeen

Society for Support of Researc...

Muscular Dystrophy Campaign

NPRI

NHR

Uni of Lille

Wenner-Gren Found.

Diabetes UK Project

Ischemia Research and Educatio...

Danish Health Insurance Fund

International Rett Syndrome Fo...

Aalborg Psychiatric Hospital

British Geriatrics Society

Spanish Ministry of Social Aff...

Alberta Gaming Research Instit...

Institute for Mental Health Re...Arizona State UniAspect Medical

AusAID

South Australian Dept. of Health

Australian-Chinese Academy of ...

Austrian Academy of Science

Yonsei Uni

Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuti...

NEDA

Brainsway

California Health Care Found.

RIED

Research Retirement Found.

Chinese Govt.

Dept. of Pharmaceutical Scienc...

Copenhagen Council Research Fo...

Research Fund of the Central D...

Danish Ministry of the Interio...

Far Eastern Memorial Hospital

Higher Education Funding Counc...EFSD

EVO grant (Finland)

US AID

Gerencia Regional de Salud de ...

German Parkinsons Disease Asso...

German Cancer Aid DZNE

Health Committee, Vastra Gotal...

Technology Strategy Board Gran...

Ministry for Food

Uni of Malaya

Istituto Superiore di Sanita

WPA

LUMC

Manchester Mental Health and S...

Nutricia Research Found.

MOHE, Malaysia

National Center for Injury Pre...

Swiss National Research Fund

Promotion and Mutual Aid Corpo...

SNF

Theodore and Vada Stanley Found.

The William and Flora Hewlett ...

Cambridge Uni Press

ANU

Linnea and Josef Carlsson Found.

The Gerber Found.

Adelson Medical Research Found.

ANZ Charitable Trust

Northwestern Uni

ADAA

ECU

US Agency for Health Care Poli...

ICREA Found.

Region Ile-de-France

Scottish Funding Council

Albert Pahlsson Found.

Brain Resource

Hogg Found. for Mental Health

Hospira

NSW Institute of Psychiatry Re...

Uni of Auckland

FONDATION FYSSEN

Belmont

Italian Telethon Found.

American Medical Association

FSCD

The SCAN Found.

Fundacion Espanola de Psiquiat...

Shervert Frazier Research Inst...

Ban-bury Fund

Ahmanson Found.

Tamkin Found.

Universitat Munchen

Gottfried und Julia Bangerter-...

Sigma Tau

La Trobe Uni

Tourettes Action

Fundacion Caja Madrid (Spain)

Mind and Life Institute

Peter Emch Family Found.

EMGO + Institute for Health an...

CIEN

Lebanese Ministry of Public He...

Autistica

Danish National Board of Health

Open Society Institute

College de France

Shirley and Jack Goldberg Trust

All Childrens Hospital Researc...

Minster

ARC

Action on Addiction

Fondazione CARIPARO

Greek Ministry of Education

Uni of CologneAriSLA

FORSS

National Sleep Found.

Solvay

Fundacion Marcelino Botin

Danish Medical Association Res...

Young Investigator Award

Neuronetics Inc

CURE

Uni of Toyama

Fonds Leon Fredericq

Uni of Rostock

Sage

Norwegian Financing mechanism

MIFAB

Prentiss Found.

Ritter Found.

Neuroscience Research Charitab...

Polish Academy of Sciences

Urban Institute

Bettencourt-Schueller Found.

Consortiuum of Multiple Sclero...

DSRTF

State of Florida

Finnish National Graduate Scho...

Paavo Nurmi Found.

Sven-Jerring Fond Found.

MOE - Shanghai Key Laboratory ...

Reina Sofia Found.

Medical Uni of Vienna

Queens Uni

Korean Centers for Disease Con...

Uni of the Witwatersrand

TUBITAK

Association France Parkinson

Dagmar Marshalls Fund

New York State Dept. of Health

Nancy Kirwan Heart Research Fund

Kaiser Found. Research Institute

UniGe

Templeton Found.

Astellas Found.

Uni of Tasmania

British Health and Safety Exec...

National Health Research and D...

Uni of Torino

Mohegan Sun Casino

UNICEF

USA

Litebook Company Ltd

Uni of Ulm

redIAPP

Broad GO Sequencing Project

Seattle GO Sequencing Project

LECMA

In Silico

Beijing Municipality

British Council

NISCHR CRC

WORD

RNM

First of May Annual Flower Cam...

Gillbergska Found.

Italian Institute of Technology

KZ

Sir Charles Gardner Hospital

Progetto Regione Lombardia

Ministry of Social Protection ...

Solstickan Found.

US Govt.

David and Lucile Packard Found.

ResMed Found.

Dutch Top-Institute Pharma

FONDEF

Uni of Milan

Siemens

Lars Hierta Memorial Found.

American Society for Clinical ...

MC

Ministry of Science

CME Institute/Physicians Postg...

Medical Research Council of Ca...

ARCS Found.

Cardiff Uni

FKK

Dept. of Psychiatry

Ente Cassa di Risparmio

Polish State Committee for Sci...

European Federation of Neurolo...

Finnish Child Psychiatric Rese...

Fondazione Cariverona

Greek State Scholarships Found.

Istanbul Uni

National Institute of Occupati...

P1 vital Ltd

Research Found. of Shanghai He...

National Council for Mental He...

HFSP

Associazione per la Ricerca su...

Uni of Leeds

OBI

Tampere Tuberculosis Found.

Novo Nordisk

Reta Lila Weston Institute for...

Brain Mapping Medical Research...

Pierson-Lovelace Found.

Medice

Wallace Research Found.

Regione Piemonte

IPA

Swiss Academy of Medical Scien...

MultiHealth Systems

Ontario Institute for Cancer R...

GGZ Buitenamstel-Geestgronden

Finnish Ministry of Education ...

Gilead

National Academy of Neuropsych...

Isaac Newton Trust Cambridge

AHRC UK

Barrow Neurological Found.

Slovenian Ministry for research

Samfundet Folkhalsan in Finland

Cincinnati Childrens Hospital ...

New York Community Trust

Physicians Post-Graduate Press

Uni of Salamanca

Norwegian Womens Public Health...

New England Research InstitutesPennsylvania State Uni

SIDA

Schizophrenia Research Fund

National Football League Chari...

Alma and K.A. Snellman Found.

American Academy of Pediatrics...

BioMarin

Christian Medical College

Colciencias

Council of Region Burgundy

Czech Science Found.

Finlands Slot Machine Associat...

Schwaabe

Ipsen

U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine a...

Migraine Research Fund

Inokashira Hospital Research F...

Pritzker Consortium

HSE, Ireland

Johnnie B. Byrd

Ludvig og Sara Elsass Found.

Austin Health

Associazione Amici del Centro ...

Cell Science Research Found. J...

RJG Found.

IREBStiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggm...

Academic Psychiatric Center AMC

PEPFAR

cNEUPRO

Danish Cancer Society Research...

nEUROsyn

EuroBiobank

DGPPN

Ministry of Immigrant Absorpti...

Mission Interministerielle de ...Uni of Rome

Maire Tapola Found.

JPB Medical Found.

McLaughlin Centre

Erasmus Medical Centre

ENGAGE project

MS Society of CanadaSaul A. Silverman Family Found.

Beckett-Found.

Annie E. Casey Found.

iDEA

GGZinGeest

Capital Group Companies Charit...

Jennifer Jones-Simon Found.

John Wiley and Sons

Dutch MS Research Found.

Jack Brockhoff Foundation

Norwegian Cancer Society

UK Health Protection Agency

Uni Mental Health Research Ins...

Jeantet Found.

Myer Found.

Found. Banco di SardegnaRegione Autonoma della Sardegn...

Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of ...

Lawson Health Research Institute

Uni of Birmingham

FRM Found.

Cancer Council of Queensland

Brain Found. (The Netherlands)

Fondazione del Monte di Bologn...

Rivierduinen

Brain Mapping Support Found.

Stanley Center for Psychiatric...

program Investissements davenir

Daiichi Sankyo

Regional Health Research Found...

Uni of Oklahoma

North-star Fund

Stiftelsen Psykiatriska Forskn...

Stanley Thomas Johnson Found.

Netherlands Consortium for Hea...

American Association of Uni Wo...

Fetzer Institute

Gobierno de Navarra (Spain)

European Scientific Advisory B...

Uni of New Mexico

IMPRT

VSB Fonda

Genzyme

Ingabritt and Arne Lundberg re...

David Judah Fund

Roskilde County

Dijk en DuinGGZ Noord Holland Noord

AbbVie

Actelion

Region Rhone-Alpes (France)

Akdeniz Uni

Uni of Lubeck

Gothenburg Dental Society

Allergan

West Virginia Uni

American Sleep Research Societ...

Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio

Inje Uni

Regione Toscana Health Authority

ARRS

Konkuk Uni Research Found.

Diana Helis Henry Medical Rese...

Uni Medical Center Hamburg-Epp...

Hanyang Uni

Brigham & Womens Hospital

Brigham Young Uni Shriners Hospitals for Childre...

Sallskapet Bar-navard

China Medical Board of New Yor...

China Scholarship Council

Chulalongkorn Uni

Psychological Assessment Resou...

CogState Ltd

Uni of Padua

Global Fund

Ministry of Science Technology...

GGZ Mental Health Institute

Hong Kong Polytechnic Uni

Dimence

Psychiatric Association of Tur...

GGZ Oost-Brabant

Montreal Childrens Hospital Re...

Health Dept. of the Basque Cou...

Global Fund

Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc

Scientific Fund W. Gepts UZ Br...La Fondation pour la Recherche...

The Sidney Kimmel Center for P...

Uni of Kebangsaan Malaysia

NPSA, UK

Inha Uni Research

Helse Nord RHF

Shiraz Uni

Israel Anti Drug and Alcohol A...

Judie and Marshall Polk Resear...

Kyung-Hee Uni

Mashhad Uni of Medical Sciences

USM

Uni of Catania

Uni of Louisville

The Spencer Found.

Uni of Southern Denmark

Swedish federal Govt.

Valeant

Veneto Region

NPRIUNESCO

Elgart Fund on Brain AgingHastings Center

Physicians Academy

Conseil General de la Gironde

Prins Clauscentrum Sittard

AXA Research Fund

Federal Ministry of Health

Anclote Found.

Alliance-Biosecure Found.

Elite Graduate Network of Bava...

Danish Centre for Evaluation a...

Uni of Tennessee

Robson Family

Ligue contre le Cancer

MMC Pediatric

McGraw Hill

Mondriaan Zorggroep

PZ Sancta Maria Sint-Truiden

Folkhalsan Research Found.

Meerkanten

Movement Disorder Society

Programma Strategico

GGZ Noord- Midden Limburg

LPFCH

Adlerbertska Research Found.

RIAGG Roermond

Ingeest

PC Ziekeren Sint-Truiden

Universitair Centrum Sint-Joze...

Federazione Italians Giuoco Ca...

GGNet

Springer

Maastricht: GGZ Overpelt

Estonian Govt.

Komen Breast Cancer Found. Award

Shenzhen Bureau of Health

GGZ Midden-Brabant

Departament de Salut

RIAGG Amersfoort

Ministry of Health and the Nat...

Lindhaga Found.

Research Council of Lithuania

Shenzhen Bureau of Science

Spanish Ministry of Public Hea...

GGZ Eindhoven

Kempe Found.

OPZ Rekem

Gis - Maladies rares

GGZ De Grote Rivieren

CIDA

SSHRC

Page 36: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

26 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

NSFC

MEXT

US NSF

MHW Korea

AR UK

NIH

NIAVA

NIMH

NSC Taiwan

Academy of Finland

Alz Assoc. BHF UK

ESRC UK

EU

Kuopio University Hospital

NHLBI

NINDS

SRC

MRC UK

NIHR

UK Department of Health

WT

Roche Research Foundation

SNSF

BBSRCEPSRC

NHMRC

FRM

INSERM

ANRAssociation France-Alzheimer

CNRS

PHRC

HDF USA

Novartis

FIS

CONICET

A*STAR

AHA

ALF, Sweden

Gun and Bertil Stohnes Stiftelse

DOE

Alzheimer Foundation in Sweden

ASC

Canada Research Chair

CIHR

NSERC

University of California

AHAF

BMBF

DFG

NINR

Karolinska Institutet

Stiftelsen Gamla Tjanarinnor

Swedish Alzheimer Association

Swedish Brainpower

FAS Sweden

Mayo Clinic Foundation

NCI

AFI

ISAO

VWS

Flemish Government

FWO-V

NWO

FRQS

Pacific Alzheimer Research Fou...Pfizer

Alzheimer Society, UK

LundbeckNHS England

Alzheimers Australia

ADDDF

ADNI

AFaR

ARC

BBRF

CNPq Brazil

Dana Foundation

DHHS

Lilly

FONDECYT

FAPES

IUAP, Belgium

MIUR

James S McDonnell Foundation

JSPS

John A. Hartford Foundation

John Douglas French Alzheimers...

Larry L Hillblom Foundation

ADRC

Michael J Fox Foundation for P...

MHLW Japan

973 China

NCRR

NIBIB

NIGMS

NIDA

Mayo Alzheimers Disease Resear...

FCT Portugal

SFI

MICINN

State of Arizona

US DOD

US PHS

NRF Korea

NRC

CHDI

Merck

Eisai

MEST Korea

CAPES

Janssen

Ricerca Finalizzata and Ricerc...

MEC, Spain

GSK

National Key Technologies R&D ...

CONACYT

DST, India

ERC

NICHD

HDSA

NIAID

Ministry of Science and Higher...

CIBERNED

MINECO

NIDCD

Figure 2-17Network of co-acknowledged funders – neurodegenerative and cognition disorders (coloured by modularity class)

Page 37: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 27

Figure 2-18Network of co-acknowledged funders – depressive, anxiety and personality disorders (coloured by modularity class)

MEXT

NIMH

Lundbeck Foundation

DFGBBRF

DHHS

NIDA

VA

NWO

Academy of Finland

ESRC UK

EU

NHLBI

NIA

MRC UK

NIH

NHMRC

Lilly

MIUR

Novartis

SNSF

FIS

US DOD

US NSF

NCCAM

CIHR

Canada Research Chair

Pfizer

FAS Sweden

SRC

BMBF

NICHD

FRQS

NCRR

NCI

RWJF

AFSP

GSK

NIAAA

SMRI

US PHS

NINR

Ministry of Health

MICINN

AstraZeneca

VU Amsterdam, Netherlands

NIHR

NHS England

CNPq Brazil

CAPES

FAPES

US CDC

OMHF

Pfizer Foundation

NSC Taiwan

NSFC

973 China

LundbeckWT

MHLW JapanNINDS

Roche Research Foundation

MacArthur FoundationPAHO

FIRCANRC

MHW Korea

Page 38: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

28 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

Figure 2-19Network of co-acknowledged funders – substance use and addictive disorders (coloured by modularity class)

MEXT

NIMH

NIH

NIDAAustralian Govt.

NWO

Academy of Finland

ESRC UK

EU

NIAAA

NIHR

BMBF

FAS Sweden

SRCNHMRC

WHO

NSC Taiwan

FIS

MICINN

NIA

DFG

CIHR

US PHS

NCI

NCRR

ABMRF

RWJF NICHD

VA

NSFC

MSFHR

CNPq Brazil

US CDC

GSK

WT

ARC

MRC UK

BBRFCancer Research UK

DHHS

Pfizer

SNSF

NIAID

MEC, Spain

University of California

FIRCA

MHLW Japan

Page 39: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 29

Figure 2-20Network of co-acknowledged funders – neurodevelopmental disorders (coloured by modularity class)

MIUR

NIHMRC UK

NSC Taiwan

NWO

NICHD

EUAcademy of Finland

NIMHNIAAA

NIHRWT

Lilly

ANRDFG INSERM

FIS

NRC

MICINN

NIEHS

US CDC

SRC

US NSF

CIHR

NSERC

Autism Speaks

BBRF

NIDA

DHHS

NHMRC

Shire

NINDS

ESRC UK

NIDCD

ARC

MEXT

Telethon

Autism Research Institute

SFARIJSPS

NAAR

NCRR

NSFC

FWO-V

VA

CNPq Brazil

SNSF

BMBF

MHLW Japan

NHS England

Page 40: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

30 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

Figure 2-21Network of co-acknowledged funders – schizophrenia, bipolar and other psychotic disorders (coloured by modularity class)

MEXT

NSFC

MIUR NIMHBMBF

DFG

Lundbeck

Pfizer

US PHS

NSC Taiwan

MHLW Japan

Academy of Finland

BBRF

EU

SMRI MRC UK

NIH

NHMRC

MHW Korea

PHRC

INSERM

FIS

MICINN

Lilly

SNSF

CIHRNCRR

NIDA

SRC

NSW Health, Australia

VA

NIAAA

NIA

CNPq Brazil

Harvard University

AstraZeneca

FRQS

JSPS

BMS

Lundbeck Foundation

SRI

Roche Research Foundation

NIHR

NHS England

WT

CAPES

DHHS

GSK

Janssen

973 China

NWO

NRC

OMHF

Page 41: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Mapping the mental health research funding landscape 31

Figure 2-22Network of co-acknowledged funders – “Adolescent”, “Child”, “infant” and “young adult” categories in MeSH (coloured by modularity class)

UK Department of Health

MEXT

NIMHMIUR

NCI

NIH

BMBF

DFG

NIDA

Karolinska Institutet

US PHS

MRC UK

Australian Govt.

NSC Taiwan

NWO

NICHD

EU

Academy of Finland

BBRFERC

ESFLundbeck

MacArthur Foundation

NHLBI

NIA

NIAAA

Finland

Yrjo Jahnsson Foundation

SSHRC

HRC

NIHR

WT

KCL

DHHS

SNSF

SRC

NHMRC

WHO

PHRC INSERM

FISFundacion Alicia Koplowitz, Sp... MICINN

NIEHS

US CDC

US NSF

CIHRNSERC

Canada Research Chair

NHS England

NCRRNINR

ALF, Sweden

Autism Speaks

FAS Sweden

Tourette Syndrome Association

Lilly

RWJF

NINDS

AFSP

VA

SMRI

Shire

Harvard University

Janssen

Johns Hopkins University

Roche Research Foundation

NIDCD

Pfizer

ARC

AstraZeneca University of Michigan

University of Groningen

VU Amsterdam, Netherlands

GSK

FRQS

FAPES

CNPq Brazil

Telethon

BMS

FWO-V

NIDDK

Colonial Foundation

Australian Rotary Health

Victorian State Government

SFARI

Autism Research Institute

JSPS

US DOD

ESRC UK

HRB of Ireland

OMHFUniversity of California

University of Minnesota

MHW Korea

MSFHR

NSFC

National Key Technologies R&D ...

973 China

Scottish Govt.

CAPES

Merck

NRC

MEST Korea

Cancer Research UK

MEC, Spain

NIDRR

SAMHSA

NIAID

CONACYT

FIRCA

PAHO

Pfizer Foundation

MHLW Japan

MRC

Page 42: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

32 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

Figure 2-23Network of co-acknowledged funders – “Aged” and “middle aged” categories in MeSH (coloured by modularity class)

MEXT

UK Department of Health

NIMH

MHW KoreaLundbeck Foundation

BMBF

DFGLundbeck

Karolinska Institutet

NIH

US PHS

BBRF

DHHS

NIDA

NSC Taiwan

MHLW Japan

Academy of Finland

Alz Assoc.

BBSRC

BHF UK

BUPA Foundation UK

VA

ESRC UK

EPSRC

EUESF

Finnish Cultural Foundation

MacArthur FoundationNHLBI

NIHR

NINDS

NIASMRI

FAS Sweden

SRC

MRC UK

University of Helsinki

WT

SSHRC

NWO

NHMRC

John A. Hartford Foundation

SNSF

MIUR

WHO

ANR

FRM

PHRC

INSERM

Novartis

FIS

MICINN Lilly

CIHR

ALF, Sweden

Gun and Bertil Stohnes Stiftelse

NCCAM

Canada Research Chair

HRC

NIAAA

Pfizer

Stiftelsen Gamla Tjanarinnor

Swedish Alzheimer Association

Swedish Brainpower

NCIUniversity of Hong Kong

ISAO

VWS

FWO-V

ASC

FRQS

MSFHR

NSERC

OMHF

Alzheimer Society, UK AR UK

KCL

NHS England

NINR

ADNI

AFaR

AHA

CNPq Brazil

Dana Foundation

FAPES

Harvard University

Johns Hopkins University

Larry L Hillblom Foundation

ADRC

Mayo Clinic Foundation

Michael J Fox Foundation for P...

NCRR

NIBIB

NIDDKNSFC

FCT Portugal

RWJF

Roche Research Foundation

University of California

US DOD

US NSFAustralian Govt.

ARC

973 China

NRF Korea

American Cancer Society

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania D...

AFSP

GSK

US CDC

SAMHSA

NIDCD

AstraZeneca

University of Groningen

VU Amsterdam, Netherlands

Sanofi

MEST Korea

CAPES

Janssen

Ricerca Finalizzata and Ricerc...

JSPS

BMS

Forest

National Key Technologies R&D ...

Wyeth

Australian Rotary Health

University of New South Wales

Merck

European Social Fund

Scottish Govt.

NICHD

CHDI

University of Michigan

Cancer Research UK

NRC

MEC, Spain

Pfizer Foundation

Department of Health, Taiwan

NIDRR

NIMHD

NIAID

FIRCA

PAHO

NIAMS

MRC

863 China

Page 43: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

3.1 Overview of deep dives

We carried out in-depth reviews of a sample of funders to explore current practices and future plans, in terms of amounts, types, mechanisms and areas of funding (as described in Section 1.2). Our aim in selecting this sample was to cover the major funders globally, as well as in Canada and the UK specifically, while at the same time ensuring diversity in the organisations covered. Our set of 32 profiles comprises organisations of different sizes; from government, charitable and industry sectors; focused on different types of research (basic, applied, translational, health ser-vices, etc.); of different ages; and with different ways of working. In addition, all willing members of the International Alliance of Mental Health Research Funders were covered. The organisations

included are set out in Table 3-1 (asterisks indicate members of the International Alliance of Mental Health Research Funders, as of April 2015).

The deep dive profiles were built up from inter-views, desk research and analysis of the bibliomet-ric data. We looked at aspects of research fund-ing including areas and mechanisms of funding, collaborations, evaluation practices and strategy development, in each case looking at both current practices and future plans. The full set of funder profiles has been published alongside this report, while the interview protocol used is provided in Appendix A.

Six cross-cutting themes emerged from our analysis. The first of these (research areas and defi-nitions) was a topic we planned to explore further with funders from the outset, given the challenges we faced in the first phase of this study in defin-

Chapter 3 What does the future hold?

1. Most funders we spoke to expressed a desire to widen existing collaborations and develop new relationships and some discussed particular research areas which they plan to prioritise.

2. Some funders talked about plans to increase their evaluation activities beyond measuring immediate outputs, while none expressed plans to decrease evaluation.

3. Challenges were highlighted in relation to:• Maintainingfundinglevels,inlightofadecline

in industry support and pressure on public spending.

• Workinginafieldwhichiscomplexandfrag-mented, both in terms of the stakeholder groups involved and the research areas and approaches employed.

• Translating research into practice and effec-tively scaling up the resulting interventions.

4. Opportunities identified included:• Increasing collaboration, including working

with different stakeholder groups and across sectors.

• Developing shared definitions and classifica-tion systems to promote collaboration and facilitate advocacy.

• Capitalisingonmentalhealthbeingapriorityarea for some governments.

• Developing a key role for non-governmentalfunders in taking a long-term view on priori-ties and filling gaps in funding.

• Usingnewtechnologies,suchasnewresearchtools and data sharing platforms, to support the researchers they fund and facilitate collab-oration and shared working.

Key points

Page 44: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

34 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

Table 3-1Funders included in deep dive profiles

Funder Location Sector Research focus

1 aIhS * Canada Government health general

2 alz association US Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit Mh condition

3 BBrF * US Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit Mh general

4 Beyondblue australia Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit Mh condition

5 BhF UK Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit Other non-Mh area

6 BMBF Germany Government General

7 CIhr * Canada Government health general

8 CNPq Brazil Brazil Government General

9 erC eU Government General

10 eSrC UK Government Non-health

11 Fondation FondaMental * France Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit Mh general

12 FrQS * Canada Government health general

13 GBF * Canada Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit Mh condition

14 Grand Challenges Canada * Canada Government health general

15 Lundbeck Foundation * Denmark Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit health general

16 MhrUK UK Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit Mh general

17 Movember * australia Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit health general

18 MQ * UK Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit Mh general

19 MrC UK Government health general

20 NhMrC * australia Government health general

21 NIDa US Government Mh condition

22 NIhr * UK Government health general

23 NIMh * US Government Mh general

24 NSF US Government General

25 OBI Canada Government Mh general

26 OMhF * Canada Government Mh general

27 Pfizer US Industry health general

28 Stanley Medical research Institute US Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit Mh condition

29 Va US Government health general

30 Wellcome Trust * UK Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit health general

31 YaWCrC * australia Charity/ Foundation/ Non-profit Mh general

32 Zon MW Netherlands Government health general

Page 45: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

What does the future hold? 35

These themes have been written up as a set of six short analyses, each discussing the range of prac-tices observed across our set of 32 funders. They are provided alongside this report to accompany the deep dive profiles (available at www.randeurope.org/mental-health-ecosystem).

In the sections that follow we focus on future plans, challenges and opportunities, summarising information collected for the funder deep dives from interviews and document review.

3.2 Views on the future

An important part of the deep dive profiles was to explore the future plans of our sample of funding organisations. In doing so we hoped to be able to highlight areas of complementarity and potential collaboration, as well as compare the anticipated challenges and opportunities of organisations of different sizes and in different sectors and countries.

The interviews revealed that among many funders, particularly government agencies, there is uncertainty around the level, distribution and research focus of future funding, often due to an obligation to align with potentially-shifting gov-ernment priorities or a dependency on uncertain funding allocations. Nevertheless, some organisa-tions did highlight areas of focus for future invest-ment. Funders including MQ in the UK and CIHR in Canada mentioned a greater empha-sis on youth mental health, something which is already a priority area for some of the other funders in our sample (e.g. the Graham Boeckh Foundation, Young and Well CRC). Given the early age of onset of many mental health condi-tions, this is consistent with an increasing focus on the prevention of mental illness, as mentioned by others including beyondblue. Another area of growing interest is the use of technology in mental health, both in terms of the potential benefits for research of advances in big data and bioinformat-ics and in relation to e-health and the development of technology-based treatments. The importance of new technologies is discussed further below.

Most funders we spoke to plan to expand cur-rent collaborations with other funding organisa-tions and develop new relationships. In some instances, such arrangements were seen as a way to extend an individual organisation’s reach (e.g. OMHF), while in others, and particularly in rela-tion to collaborations with private sector organisa-

ing the mental health field. The other five themes emerged from a cross-cutting analysis of the deep dive reviews as the topics which seemed the most pertinent in the field at this time. The six themes are:i. Research areas and definitions As noted above, there is no agreed definition

of mental health, although a number of diag-nostic or research classification systems exist. This theme looks at funders’ reasons for using (or not using) a particular definition and com-pares their portfolios of research by topic, as found in our data set.

ii. Attitudes to collaboration While conducting research is becoming

increasingly collaborative, less is known about collaboration between funders. This theme explores funders’ attitudes to different kinds of collaboration in mental health and considers some of the opportunities and challenges asso-ciated with collaborative working in this area.

iii. Types of funding Research funders support research through

a variety of funding vehicles (grants, fellow-ships, etc.) and differ in the degree to which they specify research topics and aims. This theme discusses the types of funding provided by funders in our sample and highlights a number of examples of less common practices in the field.

iv. Strategy development The funders in our sample vary in how they

develop and implement their strategies. This theme considers some of the ways in which strategies differ, including their level of for-mality, how broad or targeted they are and the stakeholders involved in their development.

v. How funding decisions are made Deciding which research applications to sup-

port is an important and often resource-inten-sive task for funders. This theme looks at the decision-making processes used by the funders in our sample, including the kinds of criteria used and the stakeholders involved.

vi. Evaluation practices Most research funders carry out some evalu-

ation of the research they fund. This theme summarises the range of approaches employed by funders in our sample, in terms of their rea-sons for evaluating, the indicators and meth-ods they are using and their future plans in this area.

Page 46: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

36 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

field and the complexity of the issues that research is trying to address. Often the precise mechanisms underlying particular conditions are unknown, meaning that the most promising research tar-gets or approaches are unclear. As shown in our analysis in Chapter 2 and in the deep dive pro-files, research from many different areas can be relevant to mental health and the funding organ-isations supporting such work vary in their scale, remit and approach. This fragmentation, along with silos and barriers between different groups of stakeholders, creates challenges in maintain-ing an awareness of the current state of the field as a whole, in identifying gaps and opportunities and in raising the profile of mental health research generally.

Finally, a number of organisations, particu-larly in Canada and the UK, highlighted diffi-culties in facilitating the practical application of research findings in improving mental health ser-vices. Some commented that insufficient funding is available for research in this area, while it was also mentioned that when successful interventions are identified, it is not easy to scale them up in the mental health care system.

Opportunities may exist in increased collaboration, developing shared definitions, capitalising on government priorities, the key role of non-governmental organisations and advancing technologyMost funders contacted in compiling the deep dive profiles expressed a desire (or willingness) to work with other organisations and often this was seen as a way of overcoming the fragmented nature of the mental health field. Suggested forms of collabora-tion or cooperation include sharing expertise on grant selection processes and peer review, shar-ing research data or findings and working more closely with other stakeholder groups. A variety of stakeholders were mentioned, including the involvement of patient and family groups and the creation of stronger links among researchers, but also the potential benefits of working with organ-isations in related sectors. The fact that mental health issues both affect other sectors and are influenced by developments in other sectors sug-gests that building collaborations with actors in areas such as education and the justice system may be beneficial (e.g. WHO 2013).

tions, they were seen as a valuable way of diver-sifying the research funding base and potentially facilitating translation of findings to practical application (e.g. AIHS, CNPq, NIDA). Chal-lenges relating to both funding and research trans-lation are discussed further below.

The final area in which a number of organisa-tions discussed concrete plans was the expansion of evaluation practices beyond measuring outputs. This was mentioned by a range of government and charitable funders in the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. An increasing emphasis internationally on demonstrating impacts beyond the generation of knowledge has created a press-ing need for both researchers and funders to think beyond traditional academic outputs, but measur-ing downstream impacts, which often occur over long timescales, across a broad portfolio of funded work is not a straightforward task. The challenges in linking impacts to specific funding are dis-cussed further in Chapter 4.

Challenges are anticipated in relation to funding, the diversity of the field and research translationFunding organisations globally are facing chal-lenges in maintaining (sufficient) funding for mental health research, with the largest mental health-specific funder in the world, NIMH, com-menting that it has lost more than 20 per cent of its purchasing power in the past ten years. Sev-eral organisations mentioned the importance of protecting funding by engaging government and demonstrating the potential benefits of mental health research, while others mentioned the cru-cial role that other sectors can play. In particu-lar, many highlighted the need for greater private sector funding to offset reduced government sup-port, while also noting that, in contrast to this, the trend has been for investment from the pharmaceu-tical industry to decline in recent years (e.g. Insel & Gogtay 2013). Limited resources also create the challenge of how best to allocate funding, with some organisations finding it challenging to make decisions on which areas are most likely to produce the greatest benefits and how to balance their port-folios between, for example, research focused on treatment versus prevention, or between pharma-cological and psychosocial approaches to therapy.

The challenges of allocation and selection are accentuated by the diversity of the mental health

Page 47: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

What does the future hold? 37

A particular opportunity was mentioned for charities, foundations and non-profits in the face of pressures on government budgets and a decline in pharmaceutical industry investment in mental health. Free from the constraints of government policy and budget cycles, non-government organ-isations may be able to ‘fill the gaps’ and take a longer-term view of priorities and initiatives that might take time to become established. One funder also mentioned that opportunities may arise from a growing level of philanthropic sup-port specifically for research in mental health in the United States, commenting that in the past such funding tended to be targeted more towards service delivery.

Finally, as previously mentioned, a number of funders highlighted opportunities arising from advances in technology. Such progress has the potential to impact on a number of areas, includ-ing new research tools and alternative treatment options, but may also bring particular opportuni-ties for sharing research data and findings and car-rying out comparative analysis of large data sets. Several funders mentioned that they now have policies on making available on public platforms the data generated by funded research. In terms of shedding light on the global research funding landscape, new tools have the potential to allow powerful analytical approaches to mapping fund-ing flows and linking funding with the subsequent outputs and impacts of research. This is discussed further in Chapter 4.

It was suggested by some interviewees that col-laboration would be aided by developing a clearer, shared classification system and set of definitions. Our deep dive reviews revealed that the majority of funders do not use a working definition of mental health. While some may not need a definition for their own funding activities (for example, if they focus on one particular mental health condition), having a definition may facilitate discussions with other organisations and support the sharing of comparable data. Common definitions might also be a useful tool for advocacy and assist in raising the profile of the mental health field as a whole in a coherent way. International initiatives, such as the International Alliance for Mental Health Research Funders, were considered as valuable tools for sharing progress and ideas internationally, while also potentially having a role in instigating efforts to develop and refine common definitions.

Several interviewees commented that mental health is gaining prominence and rising up the policy agenda in their locations (for example, this was mentioned specifically in Australia and Quebec). In these instances, funders emphasised the importance of capitalising on current gov-ernment priorities to boost investment in mental health research. Similarly, the nationwide BRAIN initiative (Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) in the United States was mentioned as an indicator of the prom-inence of neuroscience in government priorities and an important opportunity for a range of fund-ing organisations to collaborate and raise the pro-file of mental health research.

Page 48: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we
Page 49: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

This report provides the first global view of the mental health research funding landscape of which we are aware. In doing so, it should help organisa-tions that fund mental health research, by high-lighting opportunities for collaboration, as well as exploring the diversity of practice in terms of set-ting strategy, selecting research to fund and evalu-ating its impacts. We also looked to the future by investigating the future plans of a sample of key funders.

However, this is only a snapshot of mental health research – this chapter considers how to build on this work and discusses the opportunities provided by new technologies in data collection and aggregation.

To understand the nature and dynamics of a research field it is necessary to understand the funding flows and the behaviour of the funders within it and to link this to the outputs and impacts from the research that is supported – over the long term the societal benefits it brings, and as a short term measure the knowledge produced and disseminated through publications. In previous studies we have explored the outputs and impacts of mental health research (Larivière et al. 2013; Wooding et al. 2013). This report looks at the ‘other side of the coin’, mapping the funding flows

and investigating funder behaviour. The challenge that remains is to link this information together to show the causal links and identify how particular funding produces particular impacts.

Mapping funding flowsMapping the flows of funding in a research system is conceptually simple: it involves cataloguing all the money that is spent on research and identify-ing what it is used for. What complicates the task is the diversity of research funders, the many dif-ferent ways research is supported and, in the case of mental health, the nebulous nature of the field. As the availability of data has improved and tech-nology has developed, different approaches have become feasible – and we are currently on the cusp of further change.

As described in Chapter 1, a number of previ-ous studies aiming to map research funding have done so by identifying the major research funders in a particular field or locality and manually col-lating information about their funding portfo-lios (e.g. CIHR 2014, MQ 2015). This approach has the major advantage of allowing monetary values to be linked to funding awards, topics, institutions and so on. Many funders also cat-egorise their awards according to defined classi-

Chapter 4 What next?

1. This study contributes to elucidating the mental health research funding landscape and advancing our understanding of bottom-up approaches to mapping research systems.

2. Advances in technology and increasing availability of data have allowed, and continue to allow, new and/or more comprehensive approaches to map-ping research funding to be developed.

3. Significant technical, conceptual and cultural challenges remain in improving the accuracy and completeness of data, developing commonly understood definitions in the mental health field to facilitate comparisons and causally linking data on funding flows to the longer term outcomes and impacts produced by research.

Key points

Page 50: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

40 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

tions by comparing data for key funders with data provided by berResearch (see below for details on berResearch’s approach), the comparisons were hindered by differences between the defini-tions of mental health used in our data set and available in the berResearch database.

Collation-based approaches to mappingIn recent years, the increased use of standardised electronic systems by funders, the increased power of computers and a greater willingness to share data has seen the development of a new approach to mapping research funding, whereby award data from multiple funders is combined. Layers of meta-data are then added to the database, for example research classification systems based on textual analysis of titles, abstracts and keywords, to provide consistent analysis for all funders across the combined data set (berResearch’s Dimen-sions tool is an example of such an approach11). By collating data at a macro level, independent of any one funder’s constructs, such approaches have the potential to provide comprehensive informa-tion across a field on both the structure of fund-ing flows and the amounts of funding involved, but will require the cooperation of funders in pro-viding their data to achieve this. In the future, by incorporating acknowledgement data and hence combining top-down (funder-driven) and bot-tom-up (publication-driven) approaches, it may also become possible to elucidate more clearly the links between the inputs to and outputs from a research system.

Significant technical, conceptual and cultural challenges remainWhile advances in technology and data availability have provided opportunities for new approaches and tools in mapping research funding, there are still a number of challenges in constructing a comprehensive and reliable picture of the funding landscape.

First, while some forms of funding, such as project grants and fellowships, are relatively easy to recognise, other sources of research support are more challenging to identify and quantify. In our data set, the funding acknowledgements referring

11 www.uberresearch.com/dimensions-for-funders/ (as of 17 October 2015)

fication schemes, allowing a detailed analysis of the types and areas of research supported. How-ever, such an approach may not always facilitate a straightforward comparison or aggregation across organisations, due to differences in the clas-sification approaches used. For example, in the mental health field, research might be categorised by condition, therapeutic area, methodological approach, or another research dimension. A top-down approach to defining the research field can also overlook smaller funders and larger funders who may not consider mental health within their primary remit, but nevertheless might support substantial work in mental health (e.g. the British Heart Foundation), in particular interdisciplinary or cross-condition research.

Bottom-up approaches to mappingAn alternative approach, and the one taken in this study, is to build a map of funding from the bottom up, aiming to find funding relevant to mental health, irrespective of the field or remit of the organisation supporting it. This has become easier in recent years with the systematic record-ing of funding acknowledgement information in Web of Science. Publications also have the additional advantage of linking information on funding to a range of other data points, includ-ing authors, location, topics and citations, and defining the mental health field based on topics of publications ensures that a consistent defini-tion is used across all research funders. We high-lighted a number of potential limitations of this approach in Chapter 1, particularly around the inconsistent naming of organisations and, due to the relatively recent introduction of the indicator, the absence of acknowledgement information in a significant number of papers. A further question remains around the extent to which the volume of acknowledgements can be considered a proxy for the amount of money provided: can acknowl-edgements represent a ‘common currency’? It is, for example, unclear how relative levels of fund-ing compare between a paper with a single funder acknowledged and a paper with a number of dif-ferent organisations named. Similarly, the number of publications per grant or ‘cost’ per publication may well differ between disciplines or for different types of funding vehicle. Bibliometric data alone is not yet sufficient to provide answers to these ques-tions. While we attempted to address these ques-

Page 51: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

What next? 41

increasing emphasis internationally on under-standing and measuring the downstream impacts of research. While publications can relatively easily be formally attributed to particular grants and hence funders, it is far more difficult to accurately attribute societal impacts in a systematic and com-prehensive way. Doing so requires identifying both the impact itself and the pathway by which it was achieved – which may cover a significant period of time, given the length of time it can take for impacts to be produced (e.g. Hanney et al. 2015). Tools such as Researchfish,12 which allows research-ers to record a range of different kinds of impacts (in addition to academic outputs) in relation to individual pieces of funding, have the potential, if widely adopted, to catalogue comprehensive and consistent data. However, their utility is depen-dent on researchers reporting the impacts that have occurred and funders providing suitable training and support. Challenges remain around determin-ing the relative contributions of individual pieces of funding to the achievement of an impact, par-ticularly those arising over longer periods of time.

Concluding thoughtIn this study we set out with ambitious aims to comprehensively map the global mental health research funding ecosystem. Although we acknowledge that the approach taken is imper-fect and that results should be interpreted with its limitations in mind, we believe that it makes an important contribution to both elucidating the mental health research funding landscape and advancing our understanding of bottom-up approaches to mapping research systems. Driven by a need to better understand the returns gener-ated by specific research funding and advances in the technology, tools and data available to explore the research ecosystem, we hope that this is a step towards further progress in the coming few years.

12 www.researchfish.com (as of 17 October 2015)

to academic institutions may in part have reflected block funding provided to universities, but this is not something universally recognised in publica-tions and our survey of researchers revealed that few acknowledge support such as estate costs or the provision of equipment. Although this may pose difficulties in assessing the overall scale of funding and the relative contributions of different actors, it does not substantially detract from the utility of such mapping exercises in showing where funders complement and overlap one another, or where opportunities exist for greater cooperation.

A more pressing issue may be the common dif-ficulty found across all approaches in establish-ing where to draw the boundaries around mental health research and how to define areas within it. This clearly presents challenges for an exercise such as this one, which relies on identifying a valid data set on which to base the mapping.

Beyond this technical challenge, though, our observation that there is no agreed definition of mental health among research funders underlines that this challenge also exists at a more concep-tual level and is reflected in the way that different people and organisations define their objectives, develop their strategies and talk about mental health research. Not every funder needs to use the same set of definitions in their daily operations. Indeed, it is important to acknowledge that no single system is likely to suit all funders and that there are no formal boundaries between fields in an increasingly interdisciplinary research world. However, a common perception of the landscape and robust definitions which can be shared with others would allow funders to compare their own portfolios with those of others, helping them better understand the context in which they are working and the opportunities that exist within it.

Finally, looking beyond the inputs and imme-diate outputs of the research process, there is

Page 52: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we
Page 53: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Blondel, V. D, Guillaume, J. L, Lambiotte, R, & Lefebvre, E. 2008. Fast unfolding of commu-nities in large networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2008(10), P10008.

Bloom, D. E, Cafiero, E. T, Jané-Llopis, E, Abra-hams-Gessel, S, Bloom, L. R, Fathima, S, et al. 2011. The Global Economic Burden of Noncom-municable Diseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum.

Boyack, K. W, & Jordan, P. 2011. Metrics associ-ated with NIH funding: a high-level view. Jour-nal of the American Medical Informatics Associa-tion, 18(4), 423–431.

CIHR. 2014. ‘A portrait of Canada’s invest-ments, assets and resources from 2007/2008 to 2011/2012’. Health services and policy research investments, CIHR website. As of 17 October 2015: http://www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/map-carte_ihspr-isps/e/ca.html

Costas, R, & van Leeuwen, T. N. 2012. Approach-ing the ‘Reward Triangle: general analysis of the presence of funding acknowledgements and ‘peer interactive communication’ in scientific publica-tions: CWTS, Leiden University.

Daniels, S.A. 2012. ‘The Autism Research Land-scape: The IACC, Research Funding and Data Sharing’. Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee – Presentation.

Dawson, G. 1998. Mapping the Landscape, NATIONAL BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH OUTPUTS 1988–95. London: The Wellcome Trust.

Garau, M, Mordoh, A, & Sussex, J. 2011. Explor-ing the Interdependency between Public and Charitable Medical Research. Project Report. Cancer Research UK.

Gazni, A, Sugimoto, C. R, & Didegah, F. 2012. Mapping world scientific collaboration: Authors, institutions, and countries. Journal of

the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(2), 323–335.

Hanney, S. R, Castle-Clarke, S, Grant, J, Guth-rie, S, Henshall, C, Mestre-Ferrandiz, J, et al. 2015. How long does biomedical research take? Studying the time taken between biomedi-cal and health research and its translation into products, policy, and practice. Health Research Policy and Systems, 13(1), 1.

Haro, J. M, Ayuso-Mateos, J. L, Bitter, I, Demotes-Mainard, J, Leboyer, M, Lewis, S. W, et al. 2014. ROAMER: roadmap for mental health research in Europe. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 23(S1), 1–14.

Insel, T. R, & Gogtay, N. 2014. National institute of mental health clinical trials: New opportuni-ties, new expectations. JAMA Psychiatry, 71(7), 745–746.

Kessler, R. C, Angermeyer, M, Anthony, J. C, De Graaf, R. O. N, Demyttenaere, K, Gasquet, I. et al. 2007. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the World Health Organization’s World Mental Health Survey Initiative. World Psychiatry, 6(3), 168–176.

Larivière, V, Diepeveen, S, Ni Chonaill, S, Macaluso, B, Pollitt, A, & Grant, J. 2013. International comparative performance of mental health research, 1980–2011. European Neuropsychopharmacology(23), 1340–1347.

Liggins, C, Snyder, H. M, Silverberg, N, Petanceska, S, Refolo, L. M, Ryan, L, & Carrillo, M. C. 2014. International Alzheimer’s Disease Research Port-folio (IADRP) aims to capture global Alzheimer’s disease research funding. Alzheimer’s & Demen-tia, 10(3), May 2014, 405–408.

Metastatic Breast Cancer Alliance. 2014. Changing the Landscape for People Living with Metastatic Breast Cancer. Metastatic Breast Cancer Land-scape Analysis: Research Report.

References

Page 54: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

44 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

Singh, J, Illes, J, Lazzeroni, L, & Hallmayer, J. 2009. Trends in US Autism Research Funding. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(5), 788–795.

Vos, T, Barber, R. M, Bell, B, Bertozzi-Villa, A, Biryukov, S, Bolliger, I, et al. 2015. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 coun-tries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet, 386(9995), 743–800.

Wagner, C.S, Cave, J, Tesch, T, Allee, V, Thomson, R, Leydesdorff, L, & Botterman, M. 2005. ERAnets: Evaluation of networks of collaboration among participants in IST research and their evo-lution to collaborations in the European Research Area. RAND Europe report for the European Commission DG INFSO.

Waltman, L, Tijssen, R. J, & van Eck, N, J. 2011. Globalisation of science in kilometres. Journal of Informetrics, 5(4), 574–582.

Whiteford, H. A, Degenhardt, L, Rehm, J, Baxter, A. J, Ferrari, A. J, Erskine, H. E, et al. 2013. Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 382(9904), 1575–1586.

WHO. 2013. Mental health action plan 2013 – 2020. Geneva, Swtizerland: World Health Organization.

Wooding, S, Pollitt, A, Castle-Clark, S, Cochrane, G, Diepeveen, S, Guthrie, S, et al. 2013. Mental Health Retrosight: Understanding the returns from research (lessons from schizophrenia): Policy Report Cambridge, UK: RAND Europe.

Moed, H, Burger, W, Frankfort, J, & Raan, A. V. 1985. The application of bibliometric indica-tors: Important field- and time-dependent fac-tors to be considered. Scientometrics, 8(3–4), 177–203.

Morgan Jones, M, & Grant, J. 2011. Complex trauma research in the UK: A rapid review of the funding landscape, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, DB-613-DH.

MQ. 2015. UK Mental Health Research Funding. MQ Landscape Analysis. London: MQ.

Murray, C. J. L, Vos, T, Lozano, R, Naghavi, M, Flaxman, A. D, Michaud, C, et al. 2012. Dis-ability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 dis-eases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 380(9859), 2197–2223.

Newman, M. E. 2001. The structure of scien-tific collaboration networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(2), 404–409.

NHS Executive. 2001. Putting NHS research on the map: An analysis of scientific publications in Eng-land, 1990–97. London: The Wellcome Trust.

Rutter, M. 2002. The interplay of nature, nurture, and developmental influences: The challenge ahead for mental health. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(11), 996–1000.

Shah, K, Sussex, J, Hernandez-Villafuerte, K, Garau, M, Rotolo, D, Hopkins, M, M, Gras-sano, N, Crane, P, Lang, F, Hutton, J, Pate-man, C, Mawer, A, Farrell, C & Sharp, T. 2014. Exploring the interdependencies of research funders in the UK. Project Report. Cancer Research UK.

Page 55: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Our data set includes 10,894 papers with a cor-responding author located in Canada. This is 5.7 per cent of the global mental health output in the period 2009–2014.

Ninety of our core group of 1,908 funders are Canadian organisations, the breakdown of which by sector is shown in Figure A1-1 below. Canadian funders are acknowledged on 6,077 papers during our time period. As we observe in the data set as a whole and on a similar scale to the global picture, government funders appear to typically fund more

mental health research than charities, foundations and non-profits – an average of 270 acknowledge-ments per government funder, compared with 68 per charity, foundation or non-profit.

The ARC of Canadian-funded papers is slightly higher than in the overall data set, a result which is observed across each of the funding sectors (see Figure A1-2 below).

The most frequently acknowledged Canadian funders are shown in Table A1-1 below.

Annex 1 – Canada

13 Note that one funder acknowledged was a publisher, accounting for 11 acknowledgements

Figure A1-1Breakdown of number of Canadian funders and funding acknowledgements by funder sector13

Number of funders Number of funding acknowledgements

16 (18%)

38 (43%)

31 (35%)

4 (4%)

Number of funders

AcademiaCharity/FoundationGovernmentIndustry

16 (18%)

38 (43%)

31 (35%)

4 (4%)

Number of funders

AcademiaCharity/FoundationGovernmentIndustry

699 (6%)

2573 (22%)

8364 (71%)

65 (1%)

Number of funding acknowledgements

AcademiaCharity/FoundationGovernmentIndustry

699 (6%)

2573 (22%)

8364 (71%)

65 (1%)

Number of funding acknowledgements

AcademiaCharity/FoundationGovernmentIndustry

Page 56: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

46 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

1.65

1.92

1.64

1.75

1.63

1.91

1.581.64

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

Academia Charity/Foundation Government Industry

Canada

Dataset

Figure A1-2Average relative citations by funder sector – Canada

Table A1-1Top 30 funders in Canada

Rank World rank

Funder No. of papers

Sector Proportion of Canadian papers

Proportion of global papers

1 5 Canadian Institutes of health research (CIhr)

4701 Government 77.4% 4.2%

2 42 Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec (FrQS)

838 Government 13.8% 0.7%

3 47 Natural Sciences and engineering research Council of Canada (NSerC)

784 Government 12.9% 0.7%

4 75 Canada research Chair 446 Government 7.3% 0.4%

5 83 Michael Smith Foundation for health research (MSFhr)

391 Charity/Foundation

6.4% 0.3%

6 93 Ontario Mental health Foundation (OMhF)

342 Charity/Foundation

5.6% 0.3%

7 104 Social Sciences and humanities research Council (SShrC)

296 Government 4.9% 0.3%

8 115 Ontario Ministry of health and Long-Term Care (MOhLTC)

258 Government 4.2% 0.2%

9 121 alzheimer Society of Canada (aSC) 247 Charity/Foundation

4.1% 0.2%

10 125 alberta Innovates health Solutions (aIhS)

242 Government 4.0% 0.2%

Page 57: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

annex 1 – Canada 47

dian address (Figure A1-4). As one would expect, CIHR dominates both networks, with the provin-cial research funders and other research councils also clearly visible. In Figure A1-4 we can see the relatively large involvement of US funders.

As for the global research landscape, we also devel-oped network maps for Canada showing, firstly, all Canadian funders based on their co-acknowl-edgement on papers (Figure A1-3) and secondly, the funders acknowledged on papers with a Cana-

Rank World rank

Funder No. of papers

Sector Proportion of Canadian papers

Proportion of global papers

11 136 Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)

228 Charity/Foundation

3.8% 0.2%

12 152 heart and Stroke Foundation, Canada

202 Charity/Foundation

3.3% 0.2%

13 253 Canadian Psychiatric association Foundation

119 Charity/Foundation

2.0% 0.1%

14 254 Manitoba health research Council 119 Government 2.0% 0.1%

15 262 University of British Columbia (UBC) 114 academia 1.9% 0.1%

16 274 University of Toronto 110 academia 1.8% 0.1%

17 289 Genome Canada 106 Charity/Foundation

1.7% 0.1%

18 296 Centre for addiction and Mental health (CaMh)

104 academia 1.7% 0.1%

19 365 Pacific alzheimer research Foundation Centre

79 Charity/Foundation

1.3% 0.1%

20 383 hospital for Sick Children Foundation, Canada

75 Charity/Foundation

1.2% 0.1%

21 400 health Canada 70 Government 1.2% 0.1%

22 419 University of Montreal 66 academia 1.1% 0.1%

23 451 University of Calgary 62 academia 1.0% 0.1%

24 463 Muscular Dystrophy association Canada

59 Charity/Foundation

1.0% 0.1%

25 483 Government of Canada 56 Government 0.9% 0.0%

26 492 Ontario Ministry of research and Innovation

55 Government 0.9% 0.0%

27 493 Canadian Tobacco Control research Initiative (CTCrI)

55 Charity/Foundation

0.9% 0.0%

28 514 Nova Scotia health research Foundation

52 Charity/Foundation

0.9% 0.0%

29 521 Ontario Graduate Scholarship 51 Government 0.8% 0.0%

30 526 Canadian Cancer Society research Institute

51 Charity/Foundation

0.8% 0.0%

Page 58: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

48 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

14 Coloured by modularity (see Appendix A for details)

Figure A1-3Network of co-acknowledgement of all Canadian funders14

CIHRSSHRC

Heart&Stroke Foundation

Saskatchewan Health Research F...

Canadian Cancer Society Resear...

AIHS

Alberta Childrens Hospital Fou...

Alberta Health Services

Uni of Calgary

Alberta Gaming Research Instit...

NSERC

Ontario Problem Gambling Resea...

CRC

CFI

Canadian Health Services and R...

Canadian Stroke Network

Govt. of Canada

Hospital for Sick Children Fou...

Medical Research Council of Ca...

OMHF

MOHLTC

Uni of Alberta

ASC

Canadian Nurses Found.

FRQS

MSFHR

Pacific Alzheimer Research Fou...

PSI Foundation

Scottish Rite Charitable Found...

Ontario Neurotrauma Found.

UBC

CAMH

Saul A. Silverman Family Found.

Genome Canada

NeuroDevNet

Baycrest Found.

Uni of Toronto

BC Mental Health and Addiction...

Multiple Sclerosis Society of ...

CANMAT

Canadian Psychiatric Associati...

Ontario Ministry of Research a...

Nova Scotia Health Research Fo...

Canadian Institutes for Advanc...

Ontario Innovations Trust

Ontario Research Fund

Uni of Montreal

McMaster Uni

MS Society of Canada

Parkinson Society of Canada

Uni of Ottawa

National Cancer Institute of C...

Canadian Diabetes Association/...

Child and Family Research Inst...

Health Canada

Lawson Health Research Institute

CTCRI

Capital District Health Author...

FQRNT

Fonds Quebecois - Societe et l...

Govt. of Ontario

ICES

Jack Brown and Family Alz. Fou...

Manitoba Health Research Council

Manitoba Medical Services Foun...

McGill UniMcLaughlin Centre

Ministere de l'education

Norlien Found.

OBI

Ontario Graduate Scholarship

Ontario Womens Health Council

Queens Uni

Schizophrenia Society of Ontario

Toronto Rehabilitation Institu...

Uni of Manitoba

Uni of Western Ontario

Vancouver Coastal Health Resea...

Drummond Found.

Montreal Childrens Hospital Re...

National Health Research and D...

Mental Health Commission of Ca...

Uni of Saskatchewan

Ontario Institute for Cancer R...

Valeant

CIDA

Muscular Dystrophy Association...

Allon

Litebook Company Ltd

MultiHealth Systems

Page 59: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

CIHRSSHRC

Heart&Stroke Foundation

Lilly

NIMH

AIHS

NIH

NSERC

CRC

CFI

Hospital for Sick Children Fou...

OMHF

MOHLTC

ASC

Alz Assoc. FRQS

MSFHR

NIA

Pfizer

PSI Foundation

UBC

AFSP

BBRF

AZ

Janssen

Autism Speaks

Genome Canada

Uni of Toronto

WT

Canadian Psychiatric Associati...

NIDA

SMRI

Uni of Montreal

NIHR

NIAAA

Health Canada

CHDI

NICHD

Lundbeck

NINDS

annex 1 – Canada 49

15 Coloured by country

Figure A1-4Network of co-acknowledged funders on Canadian papers in the entire mental health data set15

USA Taiwan Iceland

UK New Zealand Estonia

Sweden Ireland Iran

Canada Singapore Colombia

Netherlands Israel Saudi Arabia

Australia India Slovakia

China South Africa Croatia

France Czech Republic Qatar

Germany Poland Venezuela

Japan Turkey Nigeria

Spain Chile Serbia

Finland Hungary Romania

Italy Argentina Slovenia

Denmark Greece Lebanon

Switzerland Malaysia Philippines

Belgium Austria Bulgaria

South Korea Mexico Pakistan

EU Portugal Lithuania

Norway Russia

Brazil Thailand

Key:

Page 60: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

50 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

funders on papers in our data set. The majority of these acknowledgements relate to US funding organisations. This compares with 1,910 acknowl-edgements of Canadian funding on papers with a non-Canadian corresponding address. Again, the largest portion of these acknowledgements corre-spond to papers with a US address.

Finally, we carried out an analysis of the flows of research funding into and out of Canada. In this we use each paper’s funding acknowledge-ments and corresponding author address as proxies for the source and destination of research funds. In these terms, Canada is a net ‘importer’ making 3,592 funding acknowledgements to overseas

16 Numbers represent individual acknowledgements, of which there may be more than one on a paper. Countries with ten or more acknowledgements are presented in the figure.

US 2370

UK 257

CH 114

FR 95

CN 69

AU 69

JP 65

BR 58

BE 58

DK 55

DE 73

SE 43

EU 52

ES 30

NL 22

MX 16

KR 12

IL 13

IT 16

US 952

UK 182

AU 173

FR 99

DE 68

JP 53

CN 58

IT 56

BR 36

CH 28

NL 37

ES 27

IL 29

SE 14

IE 15

EXPORT

IMPORT

Number of acknowledgements of Canadian funders on non-Canadian papers

Number of funding acknowledgements on Canadian papers

DK 11

FI11

TW 10

Figure A1-5Flows of research funding: (i) Canadian funders supporting papers with corresponding authors outside Canada and (ii) papers with Canadian corresponding authors acknowledging non-Canadian funding16

Page 61: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Our data set includes 18,138 papers with a cor-responding author located in the UK. This is 7.9 per cent of the global mental health output in the period 2009-2014.

In our core group of 1,908 funders, 136 are UK organisations, the breakdown of which by sector is shown in Figure A2-1 below. UK funders are acknowledged on 10,257 papers in the data set. As we observe in the data set as a whole, gov-ernment funders appear to typically fund more mental health research than charities, foundations

and non-profits – an average of 341 acknowledge-ments per government funder, compared with 86 per charity, foundation or non-profit. These aver-ages are substantially higher than the correspond-ing averages across the whole (global) data set.

The ARC of UK-funded papers is substan-tially higher than we see in the data set as a whole, although this difference is less pronounced for industry-funded research (see Figure A2-2 below).

The most frequently acknowledged UK funders are shown in Table A2-1 below.

Annex 2 – The UK

17 Note that four funders acknowledged were publishers, accounting for 122 acknowledgements

Figure A2-1Breakdown of number of UK funders and funding acknowledgement by funder sector17

Number of funders Number of funding acknowledgements

26 (20%)

69 (52%)

31 (23%)

6 (5%)

Number of funders

AcademiaCharity/FoundationGovernmentIndustry

26 (20%)

69 (52%)

31 (23%)

6 (5%)

Number of funders

AcademiaCharity/FoundationGovernmentIndustry

1542 (8%)

5914 (30%)

10563 (54%)

1534 (8%)

Number of funding acknowledgements

AcademiaCharity/FoundationGovernmentIndustry

1542 (8%)

5914 (30%)

10563 (54%)

1534 (8%)

Number of funding acknowledgements

AcademiaCharity/FoundationGovernmentIndustry

Page 62: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

52 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

1.86

2.26

2.02

1.70

1.63

1.91

1.581.64

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

Academia Charity/Foundation Government Industry

UK

Dataset

Figure A2-2Average relative citations by funder sector – UK

Table A2-1Top 30 funders in the UK

Rank World rank

Funder No. of papers

Sector Proportion of UK papers

Proportion of global papers

1 10 UK Medical research Council (MrC UK) 3503 Government 34.2% 3.1%

2 13 National Institute for health research (NIhr)

3062 Government 29.9% 2.7%

3 15 Wellcome Trust 2434 Charity/Foundation

23.7% 2.2%

4 31 NhS england 1126 Government 11.0% 1.0%

5 49 economic and Social research Council (eSrC), UK

751 Government 7.3% 0.7%

6 51 UK Department of health 700 Government 6.8% 0.6%

7 56 GlaxoSmithKline 653 Industry 6.4% 0.6%

8 60 Kings College London (KCL) 594 academia 5.8% 0.5%

9 62 astraZeneca 569 Industry 5.5% 0.5%

10 65 alzheimers research UK 528 Charity/Foundation

5.1% 0.5%

11 92 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences research Council (BBSrC)

347 Government 3.4% 0.3%

Page 63: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

annex 2 – The UK 53

NIHR are prominent in both networks, but the network of UK funders also shows the diversity of smaller charities, foundations and non-profits engaged in mental health research. In Figure A2-4 US funders (in red) and other European funding organisations are clearly visible.

As for the global research landscape, we also devel-oped network maps for the UK showing, firstly, all UK funders based on their co-acknowledgement on papers (Figure A2-3) and secondly, the funders acknowledged on papers with a UK address (Figure A2-4). The MRC, Wellcome Trust and

Rank World rank

Funder No. of papers

Sector Proportion of UK papers

Proportion of global papers

12 106 British heart Foundation UK 290 Charity/Foundation

2.8% 0.3%

13 123 Cancer research UK 244 Charity/Foundation

2.4% 0.2%

14 128 Scottish Government, health Department 237 Government 2.3% 0.2%

15 130 engineering and Physical Sciences research Council (ePSrC) (UK)

237 Government 2.3% 0.2%

16 139 alzheimer Society, UK 227 Charity/Foundation

2.2% 0.2%

17 157 Shire Development, Inc 194 Industry 1.9% 0.2%

18 203 royal Society 150 Charity/Foundation

1.5% 0.1%

19 259 health Foundation 117 Charity/Foundation

1.1% 0.1%

20 264 Parkinsons Disease Society UK 113 Charity/Foundation

1.1% 0.1%

21 281 British academy 109 academia 1.1% 0.1%

22 290 Multiple Sclerosis Society, UK 105 Charity/Foundation

1.0% 0.1%

23 294 BUPa Foundation UK 104 Charity/Foundation

1.0% 0.1%

24 309 University of Bristol 100 academia 1.0% 0.1%

25 315 Guys and St Thomas Charitable Foundation

98 Charity/Foundation

1.0% 0.1%

26 343 Sackler Foundation 87 Charity/Foundation

0.8% 0.1%

27 346 Department for International Development (DFID), UK

86 Government 0.8% 0.1%

28 351 Psychiatry research Trust, UK 84 academia 0.8% 0.1%

29 363 University of edinburgh 80 academia 0.8% 0.1%

30 366 Stroke association (UK) 79 Charity/Foundation

0.8% 0.1%

Page 64: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

54 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

Figure A2-3Network of co-acknowledgement of all UK funders18

18 Coloured by modularity

UK DH

AR UK

BRACE

MRC UK

BHF UK

BUPA Found.

ESRC UK

Scottish Govt.

WT

Academy of Medical Sciences (UK)

British Geriatrics Society

NIHRNHS England

Uni College London

Big Lottery Fund

Action Medical Research (UK)

Baily Thomas Charitable Fund

Action on Addiction

KCL

Gatsby Charitable Found.

Age UK

BBSRC

EPSRC

Muscular Dystrophy Campaign

Alz. Society, UK

Bangor Uni

Henry Smith Charity & Epilepsy...

Manchester Mental Health and S...

Parkinsons Disease Society UK

UK

Brain Research Trust

CRUK

Charles Wolfson Charitable Trust

Dunhill Medical Trust

Scottish Charity

Health Found.

Motor Neurone Disease Associat...

Norman Collisson Found.

Royal Society

Uni of Aberdeen

Welsh Assembly Govt.

Wolfson Trust

Arthritis Research Campaign

Uni of Manchester

AHRC UK

Uni of Sheffield

AZ

British Council

Reta Lila Weston Trust for Med...

Autistica

WICN

GSK

Beckley Found.

Bernard Wolfe Health Neuroscie...

British Medical Association

Comic ReliefGuys and St Thomas Charitable ...

P1 vital Ltd

SINAPSE

Unilever

Uni of Birmingham

Uni of Edinburgh

Uni of Nottingham

British Academy

Psychiatry Research Trust

Schizophrenia Research Fund

Leverhulme Trust

Nuffield Found.

Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust

Waterloo Found.

Diabetes UK Project

Neuroscience Research Charitab...

Cambridge Overseas Trust

Shirley Found.

Sackler Found.

UK Centre for Tobacco Control ...

Cardiff Uni

RCUK

Uni of Oxford

Clothworkers Found.

Pears Found.

Uni of Cambridge

DeNDRoN

DFIDHigher Education Funding Counc...

NEURODEM Cymru

Uni of Bristol

Uni of Essex

Uni of London

Royal Society Wolfson Merit Aw...

Technology Strategy Board Gran...

UK Epilepsy Research Found.

Great Ormond Street Hospital C...

International College of OC Sp...

Fragile X Found.

Gates Cambridge Scholarship Tr...

Glasgow Centre for Population ...

Uni of Glasgow

Research Councils UK Fellowship

NPSA, UK

Uni of Southampton

Imperial College London

Isaac Newton Trust Cambridge

Uni of Leeds

Scottish Mental Health Researc...

UKs Ministry of Defence

Reckitt Benckiser

MS Society of Great Britain an...

National Assembly for Wales

Royal College of Physicians/Du...

UK Ministry of Justice

WORD

UK Health Protection Agency

PSP association

Reta Lila Weston Institute for...

Scottish Funding Council

Shire

Tourettes Action

IPA

NPRI

Multiple Sclerosis Society

Oxford Uni Press

National Institute for Mental ...

Seaver Found.

Uni of Newcastle

Liaison Committee

Fidelity Found.

W. Garfield Weston Found. grant

Carman Trust

Cambridge Uni Press

Beckett-Found.

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins

British Health and Safety Exec...

VEGA

Woods Family Trust

McGraw Hill

Page 65: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

annex 2 – The UK 55

19 Coloured by country

Figure A2-4Network of co-acknowledged funders on UK papers in the entire mental health data set19

UK Department of Health

AR UK

MRC UK

Academy of Finland

BHF UK

BUPA Foundation UK

ESRC UK

EU

NHLBI

NIA

Scottish Govt.

NIH

WT

NIHR

NHS England

University College London

Big Lottery Fund, UK

KCL

BBSRC

EPSRC

DFG

Alzheimer Society, UK

Lundbeck

Parkinsons Disease Society UK

Pfizer

Stroke Association

Alz Assoc.

ADNI

NIBIB

CIHR

Cancer Research UK

Health Foundation

NHMRC

NIMH

Royal Society

Welsh Assembly Government

SMRI

Lilly

University of Manchester, UK

NIDA

GSK

Bial Foundation, Portugal

BBRF Guys and St Thomas Charitable Foundation

CHDI

ERC

MerckSINAPSE

University of Nottingham

British Academy

Psychiatry Research Trust, UK

JanssenLeverhulme Trust, UK

Nuffield Foundation, UK

Waterloo Foundation

NWO

SNSF

Sackler Foundation

BMBF

University of Bristol

USA Taiwan Iceland

UK New Zealand Estonia

Sweden Ireland Iran

Canada Singapore Colombia

Netherlands Israel Saudi Arabia

Australia India Slovakia

China South Africa Croatia

France Czech Republic Qatar

Germany Poland Venezuela

Japan Turkey Nigeria

Spain Chile Serbia

Finland Hungary Romania

Italy Argentina Slovenia

Denmark Greece Lebanon

Switzerland Malaysia Philippines

Belgium Austria Bulgaria

South Korea Mexico Pakistan

EU Portugal Lithuania

Norway Russia

Brazil Thailand

Key:

Page 66: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

56 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

portion of these acknowledgements relate to US funding organisations, although there is also a substantial volume of papers acknowledging EU support. This compares with 5,023 acknowledge-ments of UK funding on papers with a non-UK corresponding address. Again, the largest portion of these acknowledgements corresponds to papers with a US address.

Finally, we carried out an analysis of the flows of research funding into and out of the UK. In this we used each paper’s funding acknowledgements and corresponding author address as proxies for the source and destination of research funds. In these terms, the UK is a slight net ‘importer’ making 5,542 funding acknowledgements to over-seas funders on papers in our data set. The largest

US 1725

DE 306

AU 370

NL 273

CA 257

FI 183

EXPORT

US 2349

EU 810

AU 279

ES 185

CA 182

SE 122

IMPORT

Number of acknowledgements of UK funders on non-UK papers

Number of funding acknowledgements on UK papers

CH 227

DE 250

NL 137

DK 124

FR 120

FI 96

BE 96

PT 65

JP 56

BR 56

IT 56

IE 24

CN 38

SG 21

NO 28

NZ 20

IL 16

SE 179

FR 139

IE 148

IT 145

ES124

CN 106

DK 89

KR 105

NO89

BR 77

CH 84

ZA54

JP60

BE 52

IN 43

TW 85

AT 28

SG 22

NZ 19

GR 21

IL 21

IS 16

NG 14

BD13

TR 11

KE14

RU 13

HR 11

ET 11

UG 11

TW 12

HU 11

EE 11

SI 11

20 Numbers represent individual acknowledgements, of which there may be more than one on a paper. Countries with ten or more acknowledgements are presented in the figure

Figure A2-5Flows of research funding: (i) UK funders supporting papers with corresponding authors outside the UK and (ii) papers with UK corresponding authors acknowledging non-UK funding20

Page 67: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

Acronym Funder name

863 China National 863 project of China

973 China National 973 Program of China

aDNI alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

aFSP american Foundation for Suicide Prevention

aha american heart association

aIhS alberta Innovates – health Solutions

alz assoc. alzheimer’s association

aNr agence Nationale de la recherche (France)

ar UK alzheimer’s research UK

arC australian research Council

aSC alzheimer Society of Canada

australian Govt. australian Government, Department of health and ageing

BBrF Brain and Behavior research Foundation (NarSaD)

BBSrC Biotechnology and Biological Sciences research Council (UK)

BeLSPO Belgian Science Policy Office

BhF UK British heart Foundation UK

BMBF Federal Ministry of education and research (Germany)

BMS Bristol-Myers-Squibb

CaPeS Coordenação de aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brazil)

CFI Canada Foundation for Innovation

ChDI Cure huntington’s Disease Initiative Foundation, Inc.

CIhr Canadian Institutes of health research (CIhr)

CNPq Brazil CNPq Brazil

CNrS Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France)

CONaCYT Consejo Nacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (Mexico)

CrC Canada research Chair

Acronym Funder name

DFG German research Foundation/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany)

DhhS US Department of health and human Services

DST, India Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India

ePSrC engineering and Physical Sciences research Council (UK)

erC european research Council

erDF european regional Development Fund

eSrC UK economic and Social research Council, UK

eU european Commission

FaPerGS Fundação de amparo à Pesquisa do estado do rio Grande do Sul (Brazil)

FaPeSP Fundação de amparo à Pesquisa do estado de Sao Paulo (Brazil)

FaS Sweden Swedish Council for Working Life and Social research

FCT Portugal Portuguese Fundação para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia

FIrCa Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of health (US)

FIS National Institute of health Carlos III (Spain)

FrM Fondation pour la recherche Médicale (France)

FrQS Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé

FWO-V Fund for Scientific research Flanders

GSK GlaxoSmithKline

hrB of Ireland health research Board of Ireland

hrC New Zealand health research Council

INSerM Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (France)

ISF Israeli Science Foundation

Janssen Janssen

Annex 3 – Funder acronyms

Page 68: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

58 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system

Acronym Funder name

JSPS Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

KCL King’s College London

Lilly eli Lilly and Company

MeC, Spain Ministerio de educacion y Ciencia (Spain)

MeST Korea Ministry of education, Science and Technology of the republic of Korea

MeXT Ministry of education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan

MhLW Japan Ministry of health and Welfare, Japan

MhW Korea Ministry of health and Welfare in Korea

MICINN Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

MIUr Italian Ministry of education University and research

MOhLTC Ontario Ministry of health and Long-Term Care

MrC UK UK Medical research Council

MSFhr Michael Smith Foundation for health research (Canada)

NCaTS National Center for advancing Translational Science (US)

NCCaM National Center for Complementary and alternative Medicine (US)

NCI National Cancer Institute (US)

NCrr National Center for research resources (US)

NhLBI National heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US)

NhMrC National health and Medical research Council of australia

NhS england NhS england

NIa National Institute on aging (US)

NIaaa National Institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism (US)

NIaID National Institute of allergy and Infectious Diseases (US)

NIBIB National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (US)

NIChD eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child health and human Development (US)

NIDa National Institute on Drug abuse (US)

NIDCD National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (US)

NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US)

NIehS National Institute of environmental health Sciences (US)

NIGMS National Institute of General Medical Sciences (US)

Acronym Funder name

NIh US National Institutes of health

NIhr National Institute for health research (UK)

NIMh National Institute of Mental health (US)

NINDS National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (US)

NINr National Institute of Nursing research (US)

NOW Netherlands Organization of Scientific research

NrC Norwegian research Council

NrF Korea National research Foundation of Korea

NSC Taiwan National Science Council in Taiwan

NSerC Natural Sciences and engineering research Council of Canada

NSFC National Natural Science Foundation of China

OMhF Ontario Mental health Foundation

PahO Pan american health Organization

PhrC French Ministry of health

rWJF robert Wood Johnson Foundation

SaMhSa Substance abuse and Mental health Services administration

Scottish Govt. Scottish Government, health Department

SFarI Simons Foundation autism research Initiative

SFI Science Foundation Ireland

SMrI Stanley Medical research Institute

SNSF Swiss National Science Foundation

SrC Swedish research Council

SShrC Social Sciences and humanities research Council (Canada)

US CDC US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

US DOD US Department of Defense

US NSF US National Science Foundation

US PhS US Public health Service

USaMrMC US army Medical research & Materiel Command

Va Department of Veterans affairs (US)

VU amsterdam, Netherlands

Vrije Universiteit amsterdam, Netherlands

VWS Dutch Ministry of health, Welfare and Sports

WhO World health Organization

WT Wellcome Trust

Page 69: Project Ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health ... · 4 Project ecosystem: Mapping the global mental health research funding system While our approach has many advantages, we

RR-1271-GBF