Project 2. Case Study on Islamic Country: Indonesia (Sem 1, 2015/2016)

NURUL AQILA AHAMAD KAMAL 1412832

2ND YEAR CONSERVATION DESIGN LECTURER : ASST. PROF. DR. SHAMZANI AFFENDY

INDONESIA

INDONESIA

CONTENTS PAGE

1.0 INDONESIA

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 HISTORY 2

1.3 CULTURE AND ARTS 3-4

2.0 MOTIF IN INDONESIA

2.1 CARVING MOTIF OF VARIOUIS DESIGN 5-7

2.2.1 SIMPLE MOTIF DESIGN 8

2.2.2 MODERATE MOTIF DESIGN 9

2.2.3 COMPLEX MOTIF DESIGN 10

3.0 CASE STUDY: JEPARA, INDONESIA

3.1. BACKGROUND STUDY 11-13

3.2. WOOD CARVING IN JEPARA 14

3.2. WOOD BOX IN JEPARA 15

4.0. MATERIAL 16

5.0 METHODS 17-18

6.0 TECHNIQUES 19-28

7.0 APPLICATIONS 29-31

8.0. CONCLUSIONS 32

9.0. REFERENCES 33-35

INDONESIA

1.0 INDONESIA

INDONESIA

1.1 INTRODUCTION

i. Indonesia history has been shaped by distinct and interesting

geographical composition and location; the extensive archipelago sits

between the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean in Southeast Asia south of

the Philippines. Historically it was called the West Indies.

Figure 1.1.1 Indonesia (Dark Green) / ASEAN except Indonesia (Dark Grey) Source: Indonesia Map, 2009

ii. It is in a position alongside important sea

routes spanning the Indian to the Pacific

Ocean. This fact is an important one when

discussing Indonesian culture and its

considerable diversity, which has, to a great

extent, been molded by the setting.

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i. Both Hinduism and Buddhism arrived from India around the 1st century,

with the earliest Hindu influences evident in the 4th century in Java. Islam

arrived via traders coming in from Gujarat in India circa the 11th

century, surpassing both aforementioned religions by the 16th century.

Figure 1.2.1 Temple, Indonesia, Bali, Architecture Source: Traveljunkiediary, 2011

ii. At the same time, the Portuguese

traveled to and from Lisbon

dominating the spice trade and

simultaneously warring over coveted

routes with the British, Dutch, and

Indonesians.

1.2 HISTORY

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i. Indonesia’s rich and varied blend of art and cultures includes wayang

kulit, shadow puppet plays popular throughout Indonesia history and

favored most in Bali.

Figure 1.3.1 Culture and arts of Indonesia Source: Destination 360.2013

ii. In Indonesia history

sculptures have great

importance; these megaliths

are located in Sumatra,

Sulawesi, and Java in

important archeological sites

where distinct tribal sculpting

styles are evident, most

depicting animals, ancestors,

and deities.

1.3 CULTURE AND ARTS

“Traditional batiks are also integral to Indonesian culture and depict

the conceptualization of the universe through colors representing Hindu

Gods.”

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Figure 1.3.3 Batik Indonesia Source: Destination 360, 2013

Figure 1.3.2 Stone sculpture on ntrance door of Pura Padmasana Puja Mandala NusaDua Bali,

Indonesia. Source: Master, 2007

Figure 1.3.4 Gregg Karukas performance in Java Jazz Festival,

Source: Rough Guides, 2008

“The Javanese are the largest of any ethnic group in Indonesia,

numbering around 85 million. Most call themselves Muslims with

ancestors known to be aptly migratory, traveling to everywhere in

the region over centuries, including Madagascar and the

Philippines.”

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1.3 CULTURE AND ARTS

INDONESIA

2.0 MOTIF IN INDONESIA

INDONESIA

Indonesia is very rich in culture and the arts are widespread ranging

from Sabang to Merauke and one of them is the art of carving.

There are several areas in Indonesia which has the craft of wood

carving that each region has its own characteristics.

Figure 2.1.1 Motif Majapahit Source: Adjiekuswanto, 2015

2.1 CARVING MOTIVE OF VARIOUS REGIONS

Motif Majapahit is one motif that comes from the

island of Java and the most famous is the

motif derived from Jepara. All form of the motifs

in the forms of leaves, flowers and fruit-

shaped curved concave and convex.

Therefore, the characteristics of Majapahit

motive remained largely a combination of

concave and convex shapes.

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2.1.1 MOTIF CARVING FROM JAVA

INDONESIA

Figure 2.1.2 Motif Bali Source: Desyamaliayusri, 2015

One result of the sculpture comes from the island

of Sulawesi and also including the most famous is

the carving Toraja. As a result of the cultural

heritage, each motif Toraja describes specific

meaning of an object or shape for the life of

the local community.

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2.1.3 CARVING MOTIVE FROM SULAWESI

2.1.2 CARVING MOTIF FROM BALI

Figure 2.1.2 Motif Bali Source: Desyamaliayusri, 2015

Bali motif is one of the traditional motifs that

are growing rapidly in the archipelago.

The motif derived from Bali as well as the

motif of Majapahit, namely the motive

tweezers, simbar, poster, benangan and

fractions

INDONESIA

Figure 2.1.5 Motif Borneo Source: Adinandra, 2015

One of the most famous motifs carved from

the island of Borneo is motif of Dayak

Lundayeh or better known as the Lun

Bawang community in East Kalimantan.

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2.1.5 MOTIF CARVE BORNEO

2.1.4 CARVING MOTIF OF MINANGKABAU

Figure 2.1.4 Motif Minangkabau Source: Desyamaliayusri, 2015

One well-known motifs carved on the island

of Sumatra is the motif derived from West

Sumatra, the motif of Sumatra usually

abundant in some parts of the house

Tower.

INDONESIA

Lotus or waterlily is a symbol of the depth of meaning in

Buddhism . Lotus grows shining and has beautiful and

stunning color, even when it is put on the dirty and muddy

water . Lotus has become a symbol of beauty, peace , and

the greatness of the natural color of God’s creation or the

Supreme of Peace.

Figure 2.2.1.i Lotus Motif Source: LotusIndo, 2012

2.2 MOTIF CHARACTERISATION

2.2.1 SIMPLE MOTIF DESIGN

Flower motif are commonly use in indonesia by muslim

community. Not only it is beautiful but also easy to

match the motif with other patterns. Figure 2.2.1.ii Culture and arts

of Indonesia Source: Bali Carving ,2009

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This wood plate are using the leaf design. This

design are usually use as the decoration on the

house. Figure 2.2.2.i Leaf Plate decoration Source: Decoration, 2006.


2.2.2 MODERATE MOTIF DESIGN

Leaf motif combined with the flower

are really beautiful but it is a bit tricky to

make as its hard to achieved the harmony

in the design. Figure 2.2.2.ii Flower leaf

Source: Teak Carving, 2006

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This wood using a lotus motif with the embossed

techniques. This motif are complex as the petals

might be broken if the carver are not careful.

Figure 2.2.3.i Embossed Lotus Source: LotusIndo, 2012


2.2.3 COMPLEX MOTIF DESIGN

This flower motif are difficult to make as it

pierced through the wood.

Figure 2.2.3.ii Pierced wood Source: Bali Carving, 2009

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3.0 CASE STUDY: JEPARA, INDONESIA

INDONESIA

i. Jepara is a small town in the province of Central Java, Indonesia.

Jepara is on the north coast of Java, north-east of Semarang, not far

from Mount Muria. It is also the main town of the district of Jepara,

which has a population of about 1 million.

Figure 3.1.1 Jepara Monument near the city square Source: Kota Jepara, 2011

ii. Jepara is also known for the Javanese

teak wood carving art. Jepara is known

for its furniture industry, notably the teak

furniture. The industry employs

approximately 80,000 people, working in

a large number of mainly small

workshops”

“The population is almost entirely Javanese and over 98%

Muslim. “

3.1 BACKGROUND STUDY

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INDONESIA


Figure 3.1.2

Behind the scene of Jepara fishermen

resting Source: BaksoBakso,

2009

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INDONESIA

Figure 3.1.3 Bangunan kura-

kura raksasa Source: Theparkblog, 2012


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i. Wood carving centers in Jepara are located in almost all of the sub

districts in the Jepara regency. Dozens of showrooms, that are also

able to apply finishing touches to wood carvings, are available in the city

center, especially along Jalan Tahunan.

Figure 3.2.1 Shape of leaf-shape carving. Source: Japare History, 1650

ii. Characteristics of General and

Special Motif in Jepara: Shape leaf-shape

carving on motif are triangular and oblique.

iii. Forms Motif in Jepara: Principal Leaf,

Interest and Fruit, Fractions,

Description: Carving Jepara motif is mostly

pedestal or essentially made not so deep

3.2 WOOD CARVING IN JEPARA

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https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-uwzk_knOkmc/TYF8L-FhhlI/AAAAAAAAAhk/dGlfp7mWFGg/s1600/motif+jepara.jpg

INDONESIA

iii. This is a handcraft of wooden box made of teak wood. The

carving are based on the lotus motif as the motif are widely used in

Indonesia. The motif symbolize the image of purity as it is use as the

decoration on a jewelry box for woman.

Figure 3.3.1 Jepara wood box Source: Kota Jepara,2011

3.3 WOOD BOX IN JEPARA

iv. Teak wood has a leather-like

smell when it is freshly milled.

Teak timber is particularly

valued for its durability and

water resistance, and is used for

boat building, exterior

construction, veneer, furniture,

carving, turnings, and other

small wood projects.

Figure 3.3.2 Wood box using teak wood. Source: Kota Jepara,2011

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Figure 4.0.3 Teak wood Source: CarvingYou,2011

i. Woodwork tools:

-Chisel Set: Make sure

the chisel set are suitable

with the wood condition.

-Hammer: Use a wood

carving hammer.

-Teak wood: Cut into

pieces.

4.0 MATERIALS

Figure 4.0.1 Chisel Set Source: CarvingYou,2011

Figure 4.0.2 Wood Carving Hammer

Source: CarvingYou,2011

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i. The method used are basic where it consists of chiseled work,

smoothing, joining. Teak wood is a bit smooth so it is important to work

the carving slowly.

Figure 5.0.1: The wood carving studio at Jepara. Source: Jepara Wood,

2012

5.0 METHOD

Figure 5.0.2 Estimate the length of the intended wood carving. Source: Jepara Wood,

2012

Figure 5.0.3 Carve the wood based on the estimations before. Source: Jepara Wood, 2012

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ii. Teak wood carving are usually most produced in Jepara as most

people that mastered in the carving are origin from there. The most

famous work from the Jepara are furniture.

5.0 METHOD

Figure 5.0.4 The chiseled must be angled correctly. Source: Jepara Wood, 2012

Figure 5.0.5 Use the wood carved hammer to help to carve the wood easier. Source: Jepara Wood, 2012

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Figure 6.0.1

The wood are measured by using the ruler

correctly so that the products are even.

Source: Mariusz Płaszczyk, 2015

6.0 TECHNIQUES

Figure 6.0.2

The wood are cut using a cutting machine.


The techniques on making the wood box:

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INDONESIA

6.0 TECHNIQUES

Figure 6.0.3

Wood glue are put on the wood that has

been cut for joining purpose.


Figure 6.0.4

The two side of the boxare joined


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6.0 TECHNIQUES

Figure 6.0.5

The sides are combined together with

glue.


Figure 6.0.6

Clamp were put at the down and top

part of the box to arrange the structure

of the box


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INDONESIA

6.0 TECHNIQUES

Figure 6.0.7

Top part of the boxare glued.


Figure 6.0.8

Pressure are placed on top of the box

to make sure the box stick together


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INDONESIA

6.0 TECHNIQUES

Figure 6.0.9

The side of the boxare smoothen using a

sander.


Figure 6.0.10

A pieces of wood veneer are cut for the

layer of the box


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6.0 TECHNIQUES

Figure 6.0.11

The pieces of different wood venner are

glued to the boc and were clamp to

make sure it stick to the box.


Figure 6.0.12

The excessive pieces of wood veneer

from the box


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6.0 TECHNIQUES

Figure 6.0.13

The box that layered by the wood

veneer then are smoothen by sanding

maching.


Figure 6.0.14

The box then are cut into two part.


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6.0 TECHNIQUES

Figure 6.0.15

The initials are carved on the small part

of metal at the side of the box.


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Figure 6.0.16

The box are layered by oil teak for

finishing and preservation.


INDONESIA

6.0 TECHNIQUES

Figure 6.0.17

Small hole are made to put a pieces of

magnet for joining purpose.


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Figure 6.0.18

The magnet are placed into the small

hole and hammered.


INDONESIA

6.0 TECHNIQUES

Figure 6.0.19

The two of the box then are combined.


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Figure 6.0.20

The box is finished.


INDONESIA

i. The carving that applied on the wooden box are usually using floral

motif as it is most easier and look beautiful most on small things.

Figure 7.1.1.i Tool Box, H:12cm Source: Ancient Point, 2012

ii. The carver at the Jepara studio

that really like wood work made

this box to keep his precious tools

that inherited from generation

before.2

iii. The box are divided into a few

parts to make it easier to store the

tools.

7.0 APPLICATIONS

7.1 TOOLBOX

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i. The box are using the leaf motif as to give a natural feeling.

The wood are half carved and polished with shelex to make the

box are long lasting.

Figure 7.1.2.i Top part of the Capital Carved Chest Source: Catawiki, 2009

ii. The old people from Japera

usually keep their precious items

such as family legacy things in

the wooden box that has to be

opened by key.

7.0 APPLICATIONS

7.2 HERITAGE BOX

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i. The box are using the leaf motif

with a flower on the middle. This

box is a bit special as it use inlay

techniques. Its design are a bit

influences from China.

ii. This box usually made as a

present to the precious one and to

said that it to hold memories for

Jepara people. Figure 7.1.3.i Music Box from Jepara

Source: Variety of Usage Box, 2009

7.0 APPLICATIONS

7.3 MUSIC BOX

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• Indonesia wood carving has been known internationally for it beauty

and superiority both in materials and art. Undeniably, as one of

high-earning export items of the country, woodcarving is very

important in Indonesia.

• The tradition of wood carving are supposed to be preserved as it

holds a legacy to the new generation.

• The carved wooden box are really a precious item in Jepara as its

function to store precious things to people there and it is important

to preserve it as a heritage.

8.0 CONCLUSIONS

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Books/ Articles/Journal

i. Witton, Patrick (2003). Indonesia (7th edition). Melbourne: Lonely Planet. pp. 259–260.

ISBN 1-74059-154-2.

ii. Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia since c.1300, 2nd Edition. London:

MacMillan. p. 38. ISBN 0-333-57689-6.

iii. Ekhtiar, Maryam, Sheila Canby, Navina Haidar, and Priscilla P. Soucek, ed.Masterpieces

from the Department of Islamic Art in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, 2011.

no. 16, p. 39, ill. p. 39 (color).

9.0 REFERENCES

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Websites

i. Jepara Overview .(2014) , Tourism of Indonesia, Ministry of Indonesia , Retrieved from

Indonesia Travel http://indonesia.travel/en/destination/819/jepara (11.30 pm. 05

November 2015)

ii. Traditional Wood Carving for Wall, Furniture, and other Home Decoration (2005).

Retrieved from SMESKI, INC http://smeski.com/traditional-wood-carving-for-wall-

furniture-and-other-home-decoration (11.50 pm. 05 November 2015)

iii. Sejarah Seni Ukir Indonesia (2011), Retrieved from Galeri Wisata http://galeri-

wisata.blogspot.my/p/sejarah-seni-ukir-indones.html (11.55 pm. 05 November 2015)

iv. Keunikan Karya Seni Ukir/Pahat Di Indonesia (2013), Retrieved from Alghiacil

http://alghiacil.blogspot.my/2013/11/keunikan-karya-seni-ukirpahat-di.html

(02.55 am. 06 November 2015)

9.0 REFERENCES

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Websites

v. Motif Seni Ukir Nusantara , Nanang Ajim (2015), Retrieved from Mikirbae

http://www.mikirbae.com/2015/01/motif-seni-ukir-nusantara.html

(8.04 am. 06 November 2015)

vi. Seni Ukur Kayu Indonesia, Warisan Berharga Budaya Bangsa (2014), Retrieved from

Anne Ahira http://www.anneahira.com/seni-ukir-kayu.htm

(9.00 am. 06 November 015)

vii. How It's Made - Kotak Kayu Cantik (2014) Retrieved from MediaKWVT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ppFDvQD3Rss (9.30p m. 06 November 2015)

9.0 REFERENCES

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Project 2. Case Study on Islamic Country: Indonesia (Sem 1, 2015/2016)

Design

Transcript of Project 2. Case Study on Islamic Country: Indonesia (Sem 1, 2015/2016)