Prohibition & Fundamentalism America in the 1920’s.
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Transcript of Prohibition & Fundamentalism America in the 1920’s.
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Prohibition & Fundamentalism
America in the 1920’s
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Words to know:• Prohibition (18th Amendment) – Banning the
sale, manufacturing, and transportation of alcohol
• Anti-Saloon League – Group of prohibitionists who helped ban alcohol by asking its members to vote only for candidates that would ban alcohol.
• Bootleggers – Smugglers who brought in alcohol from other countries (smuggled in their boot)
• Speakeasies – Secret illegal clubs that served alcohol
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Bell Ringer
•In what ways does alcohol hurt a society? In what ways can it benefit
a society?
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Influence of alcohol on society:
http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/prohibition/watch-video/#id=2082675582
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Rights vs. Right:
The movement to ban alcohol became a debate between what is the right thing to do and what is a person’s right to do.
Rural areas: Favored prohibitionUrban areas: Against prohibition
http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/prohibition/watch-video/#id=2086030190
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The Anti-Saloon league
-Influential organization that opposed the use of Alcohol
-- Asked its members to vote only for candidates who would ban alcohol
-- Would help to get the 18th Amendment passed
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What does the Eighteenth
Amendment State?
• Forbade the “manufacture, sale, or transportation” of alcoholic beverages in the United States
• Ratified on January 16, 1919• Took effect on January 17,
1920
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How Was the 18th AmendmentEnforced?
Volstead Act
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The Volstead Act set federal punishments for the
manufacture and sale of Alcohol
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What happens now?• Although alcohol
was illegal, people still wanted to drink it
• So…• They found a way• How?
1. Bootleggers2. Speakeasies
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Bootleggers• Smugglers who brought
liquor into the United States from other countries, such as Canada and Mexico
• Usually smuggled in boats
• Named because they would often hide alcohol bottles in their boots
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Speakeasies
Secret illegal clubs that served alcohol
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The name speakeasy came from the need for customers to keep quiet
about the location of the clubs
But they were often supplied alcohol by gangsters like Al Capone
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What was a consequence of
the 18th Amendment
and the Volstead Act?
Together they turned everyday citizens into criminals.
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Al Capone Schooling
-Al Capone found school “a place of constant discipline relieved by sudden outbreaks of violence...“
-Al did quite well in school until the sixth grade when his steady
record of B's deteriorated rapidly.
- At fourteen, he lost his temper at the teacher, she hit him and he hit her back. He was expelled and
never went to school again.
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“ScarFace” * Capone would befriend Crime boss Johnny Torrio and began bouncing/bartending at The Harvard Inn in New York City
* Capone insulted a patron and angered the man with her. (He pulled out a knife and cut Capone’s face)
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Move to Chicago…At the age of 22, Capone came into being business partners with Torrio in Chicago and ran the Four Deuces (a speakeasy, gambling joint, and brothel)
As violence erupted between Torrio/Capone’s “Chicago outfit” and the Irish North Side Gang, Torrio would leave for Europe in 1925 and give total control to Capone.
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The Feud Continues…
North Side gang leader George “Bugs” Moran attempted to kill Capone and his men in Sept. 1926 (they fired shots at Capone while he was sitting in his hotel lobby).
Capone waited 3 years to retaliate…
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St. Valentine’s Day Massacre
• Valentines Day – February 14, 1929
• Rival between Al Capone and Bugs Moran• Capone – South Side Italian
gang• Moran – North Side Irish
gang
• Bloody murder of 7 of Moran’s men.
http://video.pbs.org/video/2085881894
/
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• Capone could never been officially connected to any violent crime in all the years within the mob
• In 1931 Capone was indicted for income tax evasion and various violations of the Volstead Act (Prohibition). His attorneys made a plea deal, but the presiding judge warned he might not follow the sentencing recommendation from the prosecution. Capone withdrew his plea of guilty.
Capone’s Arrest
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GUILTY• October 17, 1931, after 9 hours of discussion,
the jury found Capone guilty of some counts but not all counts of tax evasion.
• The judge sentenced Capone to 11 years, $50,000 in fines and court costs of another $30,000.
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Alcatraz Prison
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Alcohol wasn’t the only issue at the time
• Fundamentalists
• In FUNDAMENTALISM, the bible is literally true and considered an indisputable authority
• Modernists
• In MODERNISM, the bible was divinely inspired but not literally true
• Although prohibition brought Protestant groups together, other issues divided the group into two:
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Fundamentalists• Movements name came from The Fundamentals,
a series of pamphlets explaining conservative Protestant beliefs
• Many were attracted because they did not trust modern industry and science
• Revival meetings & Radio sermons • Supporters
• Billy “The Evangelist” Sunday – Baseball Player Preacher
• Aimee Semple McPherson – Canadian-Born Preacher
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Fundamentalism Vs. Science
Why did these groups clash?
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Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
• Evolution – The process of gradual change in the gene pool over an extended period of time
• Darwin argued that humans evolved from simpler life forms over millions of years
• Fundamentalist did not like this because….• Theory went against the literal interpretation
of the biblical account of creationism.
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Scopes Trial1. 1925 Tennessee made
it illegal to teach evolution
2. ACLU believed this was unconstitutional, offered to defend any challengers
3. John Scopes, a High School Biology Teacher, accepted the challenge
4. He was arrested and put to trial
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Scopes Trial• Support was split
between Scopes and the Fundamentalists
• Clarence Darrow led the defense
• William Jennings Bryan led the prosecution
• More than 100 reporters flooded Dayton, Tennessee
• Town became a “zoo”
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The verdict• John Scopes was
found…
• GUILTY
• Fined $100
• Tennessee Supreme Court overturned the decision in 1927 but….
• The law against teaching evolution stayed in place
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What does the caption suggest?
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What issues do religious groups Feel
Strongly about today?
1. Abortion 2. Contraception
3. Same-Sex Marriage