Progressivism Review
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Transcript of Progressivism Review
Progressivism Review
Reform
• Change for the better
“Gilded Age”
• On the outside everything looked great, but underneath things were rotten
Tammany Hall
• “Political Machine” in New York City
Rockefeller
• Dominated the oil industry
• Practiced horizontal integration
Carnegie
• Pioneered vertical integration
• Extremely wealthy by age 40
• Donated $350 million by the time he died
Social Darwinism• Suggested that wealthy people had
superior wisdom and were the “fittest” members of society
Gustavus Swift
• Invented the refrigerated rail car
Upton Sinclair
• Wrote The Jungle based on close observations of how meat packers lived
Trusts
• Lower retail prices
• Availability of items that were once luxuries
• Development and use of new machinery
Vertical Integration
• Controlling all aspects of an industry
• Used by Carnegie
Progressives
• Ida Tarbell- anti- Rockefeller and Standard oil company
• Uptn Sinclair- author
• Ida B. Wells- anti-lynching
• Lester Ward- thought science should be used to improve the human condition
Political Reforms
• Initiative
• Recall
• Referendum
Politicians
• Could stay in power by doing favors for people
Immigrants
• Settled in U.S. cities for JOBS
Positives of Cities
• Jobs
• Electricity
• Indoor plumbing
Education
• Laws were passed requiring children to attend school
• Illiteracy rates declined
Immigrant Challenges
• U.S. cities with-– Gambling– Robbery– Political Corruption
Problems of Cities
• Waste disposal problems
• Slum Housing
• Crime
Monopolies
• Attempted to control the market by eliminating competition
Progressive Reformers
• Wanted to give voters more direct say in lawmaking
Robber Barons• Negative nickname given to men like
Rockefeller and Carnegie
Captains of Industry
• Positive nickname given to men like Rockefeller and Carnegie
New Immigrants
• Wave that came over around 1900
• Mainly from Italy, Greece, Russia, and other areas of Southern and Eastern Europe
New Immigrants
• More likely to be– Illiterate– Poor– Catholic or non-Protestant
Theodore Roosevelt
• Became famous as a Rough Rider on San Juan Hill
• Western Rancher
• Asthmatic
• Became President when McKinley was assassinated
Roosevelt’s Accomplishments
• Meat Inspection Act of 1906
• Increased number of national parks
• Arbitrated the United Mine Workers Strike
Woodrow Wilson
• Due to the Republican split, won the election of 1912 in an electoral landslide
Wilson
• Allowed press conferences
• Supported the Underwood Tariff reduction bill
• Program was known as “New Freedom”
1912 Election
• Woodrow Wilson- Democrat
• William Howard Taft- Republican
• Teddy Roosevelt- Progressive
W.E.B. Du Bois
• Felt blacks should receive equality immediately
Federal Trade Commission
• Established to stop unfair business practices among companies
• Supported by Wilson
Underwood Tariff
• Established to reduce the tariff
• High tariffs had been protecting American business
Jane Addams
• Wealthy woman that moved to Chicago and built Hull House to help the poor
Alcohol
• Viewed as a cause of violence against women
17th Amendment
• Direct election of senators
Carry Nation
• Strongly against alcohol
• Would scold and intimidate saloon patrons with a hatchet
Walter Rauschenbusch
• Religious leader during the Progressive era
• Thought Christians should better their communities by helping others
Robert La Follette
• Wisconsin Governor responsible for a great deal of reform legislation
Accommodation
• Idea that economic success for blacks was more important than racial equality
Mary Ritter Beard
• Wrote about the contributions of women in history
Muckrakers
• Writers whose articles attacked problems in the U.S.
19th amendment• Gave women the right to vote
Suffrage
• The right to vote
Seneca Falls
• Site of Women’s Rights conference in 1848
Leon Czolgosz
• Assassinated President McKinley
Immigrant
• Person entering a country to live there
Margaret Sanger
• Spoke to women about preventing pregnancy
Eugene V. Debs
• Socialists candidate in 1912 presidential election
Urbanization
• Growth of cities
Tenement Buildings
• Crowded, run down apartments in slums
Tariff
• Tax on imported goods
Nativism
• Preference for native-born Americans over immigrants
Teddy Roosevelt
• McKinley’s vice-president, became the youngest president ever
Temperance Movement
• Drive to restrict or prohibit use of alcohol
William Howard Taft
• Republican president from 1909-1913
UMW- United Mine Workers
• Called for a coal mine strike hoping for increased pay, less hours and union recognition