Progressive EraProgressive Era

Age of ImperialismAge of Imperialism

Period during the late 19Period during the late 19thth and early and early 2020thth centuries when the United centuries when the United States desired to expand beyond its States desired to expand beyond its borders to influence other nations.borders to influence other nations.

Progressive EraProgressive Era

Period from around 1890 to WWI, Period from around 1890 to WWI, which was a time of political and which was a time of political and social reformsocial reform

ImperialismImperialism

The desire or action of a stronger nation The desire or action of a stronger nation to take control of a weaker one.to take control of a weaker one.

Expansionism

• The idea that the United States should expand into the Caribbean and the Pacific

AlaskaAlaska Alaska was bought from Russia in Alaska was bought from Russia in

1868. Most people thought it was a 1868. Most people thought it was a waste, but in the 1890s, gold was waste, but in the 1890s, gold was discovered here. Alaska was also a discovered here. Alaska was also a major resource of oil, minerals, and major resource of oil, minerals, and fishing.fishing.

HawaiiHawaii Americans started to come here to Americans started to come here to

start businesses, especially start businesses, especially sugarcane and pineapples. The sugarcane and pineapples. The country was ruled by a monarchy. country was ruled by a monarchy. Wealthy American farmers took over Wealthy American farmers took over the government and overthrew the the government and overthrew the queen. For economic reasons, the queen. For economic reasons, the U.S. annexed the Hawaiian islandsU.S. annexed the Hawaiian islands

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War War with Spain over the treatment of War with Spain over the treatment of

the Cuban peoplethe Cuban people Reasons for War- The Spanish military’s Reasons for War- The Spanish military’s

harsh treatment of Cuban rebels, harsh treatment of Cuban rebels, expansionists in the United States who expansionists in the United States who wanted territories in the Caribbean, wanted territories in the Caribbean, publishers who wanted to sell publishers who wanted to sell newspapers, and Americans who newspapers, and Americans who wanted revenge for the sinking of the wanted revenge for the sinking of the Maine.Maine.

U.S.S. MaineU.S.S. Maine

United States warship that blew up United States warship that blew up in Havana harbor; the Spanish in in Havana harbor; the Spanish in Cuba were blamedCuba were blamed

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

Emotional stories reported in gory Emotional stories reported in gory details without much concern for the details without much concern for the facts.facts.

To gain more readers, the publishers To gain more readers, the publishers often used sensationalism, or stories often used sensationalism, or stories that appealed to the emotions. The that appealed to the emotions. The reported cruelty of the Spanish in Cuba reported cruelty of the Spanish in Cuba made great headlines and brought many made great headlines and brought many new readers to the papers.new readers to the papers.

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

Rough RidersRough Riders

A voluntary calvary A voluntary calvary unit that fought in unit that fought in Cuba.Cuba.

These men were These men were made up of cowboys made up of cowboys and adventurers. and adventurers. Teddy Roosevelt Teddy Roosevelt was second in was second in commandcommand

Results of the WarResults of the War

Ended with the Treaty of Paris 1898Ended with the Treaty of Paris 1898 The U.S. gained the territories of The U.S. gained the territories of

Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. The U.S. did not annex Cuba.Rico. The U.S. did not annex Cuba.

An American naval base was An American naval base was permanently established at permanently established at Guantanamo Bay.Guantanamo Bay.

Panama CanalPanama Canal A canal primarily built by the U.S. to A canal primarily built by the U.S. to

help get ships from the Pacific to the help get ships from the Pacific to the Caribbean and the Atlantic without Caribbean and the Atlantic without having to go around the tip of South having to go around the tip of South America.America.

William GorgasWilliam Gorgas An Alabama native, was the army An Alabama native, was the army

doctor put in charge of getting rid of doctor put in charge of getting rid of the mosquitoes that spread yellow the mosquitoes that spread yellow fever and malariafever and malaria

World ImperialismWorld Imperialism When one nation tried to control When one nation tried to control

another; most larger countries used another; most larger countries used racism. China and Africa were the racism. China and Africa were the major targets of European major targets of European imperialism.imperialism.

ChinaChina China had traded with western countries China had traded with western countries

since the days of the explorers. But in since the days of the explorers. But in the late 1800s, foreign governments the late 1800s, foreign governments began to take control of certain regions began to take control of certain regions of China. These areas of control were of China. These areas of control were called called spheres of influencespheres of influence, meaning , meaning another country had indirect control another country had indirect control over them. Nations like Austria, France, over them. Nations like Austria, France, Germany, England, Italy, Japan, and Germany, England, Italy, Japan, and Russia tried to claim trading rights with Russia tried to claim trading rights with China.China.

Open Door PolicyOpen Door Policy The U.S. tried to do business with The U.S. tried to do business with

China, but the countries with China, but the countries with spheres of influence tried to block spheres of influence tried to block American trade with the Chinese. American trade with the Chinese. The U.S. government proposed the The U.S. government proposed the Open Door Policy, which would Open Door Policy, which would guarantee equal trading rights for guarantee equal trading rights for all nations.all nations.

AfricaAfrica

Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and others all had colonies in Africa in and others all had colonies in Africa in the early 20the early 20thth century. century.

The result was the exploitation of the The result was the exploitation of the people and resources of the continent.people and resources of the continent.

A fierce rivalry between the nations of A fierce rivalry between the nations of Europe desire for colonial expansion Europe desire for colonial expansion will be one of the long-term causes of will be one of the long-term causes of WWI.WWI.

Political MachinePolitical Machine A group that provided social help for A group that provided social help for

people (jobs, housing, etc.) in people (jobs, housing, etc.) in exchange for their votes for a exchange for their votes for a specific political party.specific political party.

Political BossPolitical Boss The person in charge of a political The person in charge of a political

machine and responsible for the machine and responsible for the votes of his people.votes of his people.

Bosses often helped Bosses often helped immigrants to find jobs immigrants to find jobs or provided other social or provided other social services in exchange for services in exchange for their votes. So much their votes. So much power in the hands of a power in the hands of a few eventually led to few eventually led to corruption. Political corruption. Political machines began to use machines began to use fraud to get their fraud to get their candidates elected and candidates elected and then found ways to steal then found ways to steal money from the money from the government.government.

Progressive reformers decided to do Progressive reformers decided to do something about the political something about the political corruption in all levels of corruption in all levels of government: local, state, and government: local, state, and national.national.

Secret BallotSecret Ballot

People once voted out in the open. People once voted out in the open. Now, by voting in secret, people Now, by voting in secret, people were less likely to face intimidation were less likely to face intimidation to vote a certain way.to vote a certain way.

Initiative and Initiative and ReferendumReferendum

To increase the power of the people, To increase the power of the people, reformers wanted the people to be reformers wanted the people to be able to force a vote on important able to force a vote on important issues without having to go through issues without having to go through the state legislature.the state legislature.

Initiative- a process that allows the Initiative- a process that allows the people to suggest legislation by people to suggest legislation by signing a petition.signing a petition.

Referendum- a vote on an initiativeReferendum- a vote on an initiative

Recall ElectionRecall Election

An election that allows the people to An election that allows the people to vote an official out of office before vote an official out of office before the end of his or her term.the end of his or her term.

Direct PrimaryDirect Primary

A process in which the people choose A process in which the people choose the candidates for an election.the candidates for an election.

The people in a political party vote to The people in a political party vote to decide on a candidate instead of decide on a candidate instead of allowing a political boss to do the allowing a political boss to do the choosing.choosing.

Like we do today.Like we do today.

Direct Election of Direct Election of SenatorsSenators

1717thth Amendment Amendment Senators were now elected by the Senators were now elected by the

people rather than appointed by the people rather than appointed by the state legislatures.state legislatures.

Social ReformsSocial Reforms Child labor-children as young as 6 were Child labor-children as young as 6 were

working in factories. Children were working in factories. Children were exposed to dangerous machines and exposed to dangerous machines and were required to work long hours for were required to work long hours for very little pay.very little pay.

National Child Labor Committee- to end National Child Labor Committee- to end child laborchild labor

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act- the law Keating-Owen Child Labor Act- the law stopped businesses from shipping goods stopped businesses from shipping goods across state lines that had been across state lines that had been produced by child labor- later found to produced by child labor- later found to be unconstitutional because it interfered be unconstitutional because it interfered with interstate commerce.with interstate commerce.

Progressive Reform Progressive Reform AmendmentsAmendments

AmendmAmendmentent

Date Date

RatifieRatifiedd

IssueIssue

1616thth 19131913 Established the income Established the income tax to raise money for tax to raise money for the gov’tthe gov’t

1717thth 19131913 Provided for the direct Provided for the direct election of senatorselection of senators

1818thth 19191919 Established Prohibition Established Prohibition by prohibiting the by prohibiting the manufacture, sale and manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholtransportation of alcohol

1919thth 19201920 Granted women’s Granted women’s suffrage (gave women suffrage (gave women the right to vote)the right to vote)

Roosevelt as PresidentRoosevelt as President

Became youngest Became youngest President after President after McKinley is McKinley is assassinated.assassinated.

Teddy Roosevelt Teddy Roosevelt was the first of was the first of three Progressive three Progressive PresidentsPresidents

Trust BustingTrust Busting

The act of breaking up bad trusts by The act of breaking up bad trusts by suing them in court.suing them in court.

TR’ first target was a railroad bust, and TR’ first target was a railroad bust, and broke up the Standard Oil Company, broke up the Standard Oil Company, the tobacco trust, and the beef trust.the tobacco trust, and the beef trust.

Coal Strike, 1902- TR invited coal Coal Strike, 1902- TR invited coal owners and union representatives to owners and union representatives to the White House to discuss the the White House to discuss the situation. TR let the owners know that situation. TR let the owners know that if an agreement wasn’t made, he would if an agreement wasn’t made, he would send in federal troops.send in federal troops.

Muckrakers-writers that exposed Muckrakers-writers that exposed corruption in big businesses, corruption in big businesses,

government and societygovernment and societyAuthorAuthor YearYear WorkWork DescriptionDescription

LincolnLincoln

SteffensSteffens19041904 Shame of Shame of

the Citiesthe CitiesShowed the Showed the corruption in corruption in state and local state and local govt’sgovt’s

Ida Ida TarbellTarbell

19041904 The History The History of Standard of Standard Oil Oil CompanyCompany

Corrupt Corrupt practices of practices of Standard OilStandard Oil

Upton Upton SinclairSinclair

19061906 The JungleThe Jungle Exposed the Exposed the filthy conditions filthy conditions in the meat in the meat packing industrypacking industry

John John SpargoSpargo

19061906 The Bitter The Bitter Cry of the Cry of the ChildrenChildren

Exposed the Exposed the evils of child evils of child laborlabor

ConservationConservation

Preserving national resourcesPreserving national resources

Roosevelt Roosevelt