Progressive American Politics Unit VIIA AP United States History.
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Transcript of Progressive American Politics Unit VIIA AP United States History.
Progressive American PoliticsProgressive American Politics
Unit VIIAUnit VIIA
AP United States HistoryAP United States History
Fundamental Question
►To what extent were levels of American government influenced by progressive ideals?
Progressive Political ReformDirect Democracy
► Secret ballots (Australian ballot) All candidates printed on ballots Vote in privacy at assigned polling
place► Direct primaries► Government of the People
Initiatives► Petition of enough voter signatures
to force an election Referendums
► Legislative proposals determined by electorate
Recalls► Remove elected officials through
local/state elections
Seventeenth Amendment (1913)► Problems
State legislature corruption Electoral deadlocks
► Direct Election of Senators
Progressive Political ReformLocal/Municipalities
► Assert more control and regulation of public utilities and services Built public parks and playgrounds,
sanitation services, municipal services, public schools
Zoning laws (industrial, commercial, residential)
► Local Governments Galveston Plan
► Commissioners and councils directly elected
Dayton Plan► City managers hired as non-partisan
administratorsLincoln SteffensThe Shame of the CitiesInspired social and municipal reform
Progressive Political ReformStates
► Reforms Direct primaries Business regulations Tax reforms Suffrage Temperance State wages Insurance plans Child labor laws
► “Wisconsin Idea” Robert LaFollette Influence and Application
of Education on Politics►Primary elections►Progressive taxes►Workers’ compensation►Regulation of railroads►Limit or eliminate monopolies
and trusts►Supported direct election of
senators
Fourth Party System (1896-1932)► Republicans
Dominated the federal government during this era
Coalition► Industrialists, corporations,
upper-class, fundamentalists, Northeast
Nationalists and Imperialists► Bull Moose Party
aka Progressive Party New Nationalism
► Democrats Coalition
► Solid South, western farmers, urban immigrants, working class
Laissez-faire policies New Freedom
► Socialist Party of America Coalition
► German and Jewish immigrants, unionists, former Populist farmers, Progressive social reformers
Elections► Two members of U.S. House► Dozens of state legislators,
mayors, council members Eugene V. Debs
► Ran in 1904. 1908, 1912, 1920► Received over 900,000 votes in
1912 and 1920
Election of 1896► William Jennings Bryan (D)
Populist rhetoric
► William McKinley (R) Mark Hanna Outspent Bryan 5 to 1 Benefited from recovering
economy► Campaign
Bryan’s stump speeches McKinley’s “front-porch”
William McKinley (R) (1897-1901)► Economy
Klondike Gold Rush (1896-1899) Economic expansion
► Foreign Affairs Annexation of Hawaii (1898) Spanish-American War (1898) China
► Open Door Policy► Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901)
► Assassination September 6, 1901 in Buffalo, NY Leon Czolgosz
Election of 1900► William McKinley (R)
William McKinley► Theodore Roosevelt as
VP
► William Jennings Bryan (D) Bimetallism Antiimperialism
Theodore Roosevelt (R) (1901-1909)► Square Deal
Trustbuster Business Regulation Conservation
► Coal Strike of 1902► Panic of 1907► Big Stick Policy
Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary
Election of 1904► Theodore Roosevelt (R)► Alton B. Parker (D)► Eugene V. Debs
Socialist Party of America
Roosevelt: Trustbuster► Good Trusts & Bad Trusts► Consumer Protection
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
► Prohibited impure and falsely labeled foods and drugs
Meat Inspection Act (1906)► Prohibited misleading labels► Prohibited harmful
chemicals
Roosevelt: Conservationist► 230,000,000 acres under
protection during Roosevelt’s administration
► U.S. Forest Service► Newlands Reclamation Act
(1902) Federal promotion of irrigation in
western states
► National Park Service (1916)► Preservationists
John Muir and Sierra Club
National Parks
Election of 1908► William Howard Taft (R)
Hand-picked by Roosevelt
► William Jennings Bryan (D)
William Howard Taft (R) (1909-1913)► Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United
States (1911) Supreme Court ruled trust in violation of
Sherman Antitrust Act Broken up into 33 companies and trust dissolved
► Sixteenth Amendment (1913) Federal graduated income tax
► Dollar Diplomacy
Election of 1912► Woodrow Wilson (D)
New Freedom► Regulate business to promote
competition and small businesses
► Theodore Roosevelt (Prog) “Bull Moose Party” New Nationalism
► Executive regulations of industries and social justice
► William Howard Taft (R) Conservative Republicans and
Progressive Republicans (Insurgents)
► Socialist Party of America Eugene V. Debs
Woodrow Wilson (D) (1913-1921)► Progressive Amendments
Seventeenth Amendment – Direct election of Senators Eighteenth Amendment - Prohibition Nineteenth Amendment – Women’s suffrage
► Progressive Legislation and Policies Federal Reserve Act (1913)
► Central banking system and regulation of monetary policy Federal Trade Commission (FTC) (1914)
► Prevent and eliminate trusts and monopolies Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)
► Strengthened Sherman Act by preventing mergers
► World War I Fourteen Points and League of Nations
Progressive Business Regulation► Federal Trade
Commission (FTC) (1914) Demand annual reports Investigate complaints
► Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) Prohibited monopolistic pricing
policies Held corporate officers
personally responsible for anti-trust violations
Unions not subject to anti-trust laws and court injunctions
Federal Reserve System and Central Banking► Panic of 1907► Federal Reserve Act (1913)
“The Fed”► Price stability, maximum employment, long-term economic growth
Federal Reserve Board► President appointed with Senate consent► FOMC► Monetary Policy
Open-Market Operations Reserve Requirement/Ratio Discount rates
Election of 1916► Woodrow Wilson (D)
“He kept us out of war.”
► Charles Evan Hughes (R) U.S. Supreme Court justice