Programming Language Comp Sci

8/18/2019 Programming Language Comp Sci

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Programming Languages


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• Programming languages▫ Abbreviated forms of instructions that translate

into machine language

▫ New programming languages make programmingeasier for people who are not necessarily hardware

experts


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Figure 5.1

The evolution of

programming

languages


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• Machine Languages ML!▫ "nly languages computers can directly interpret to

carry out instructions▫ #tring of $%s& and $'s& for a machine languageinstruction

▫ ML coding( time)consuming and error)prone

▫ ML programmers( concerned with hardware details▫ *very computer or family of computers has its own

ML+ each is machine)dependent,


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• Assembly Languages

▫ More *nglish)like+ codes shorter than machinelanguages

▫ Assembler translates into machine language

▫ Advantages of machine or assembly languages

Programmer in control of hardware Programs written in low)level languages run more

efficiently,


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Figure 5.2 The instruction “ADD 2 and 5 and assign the result to variable

y” ritten in different programming languages


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• Procedural Languages

▫ -hird)generation procedural! languages are more*nglish)like than assembly languages,

▫ Programmers focus on the procedure of theapplication problem at hand,

▫ #ome languages are standardi.ed or portable,▫ /elatively easy to learn0 write0 and debug,

▫ 1"/-/AN0 2"3"L0 3A#42

▫ /e5uires compiling and linking to test


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• 1ourth 6eneration Languages 76L!

▫ 76Ls are more *nglish)like than procedurallanguages,

▫ Programmer only has to select an action withouthaving to specify the action&s formula or

procedure,▫ *asy to learn and use+ shorter application

development time,

▫ Power3uilder0 1"28#0 N"MA90 and /AM4#


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• :isual Programming▫ Languages that let programmers create field

windows0 scroll)down menus0 click buttons0 etc,0

by choosing from a palette▫ Appropriate code written automatically

▫ 4ntegrated programming environment

▫ Accelerates work

▫ Microsoft&s :isual 3asic


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• "b;ect)"riented Programming ""P!

▫ *mphasis on the ob;ects involved in the task0 noton the procedure,

▫ An ob;ect encapsulates a data set with the codethat is used to operate on it,

▫ #tandardi.ed programming modules can bereused,

▫ Applications can be rapidly developed withappropriate ob;ects from an ob;ect library,


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Figure 5.! Advantages of ob"ect#oriented programming $%%&' over procedural

languages


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Figure 5.( The ob"ect )*&+%,))


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Figure 5.5 Advantages and disadvantages of higher#level

programming languages


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Programming Languages Application #oftware vs, #ystem

#oftware Application( a program developed to

address a specific business need+ softwarefor development of such programs,

#ystem( programs designed to carry outgeneral routine operations0 such asloading0 copying0 or deleting a file,

Programming Language Comp Sci

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