PROGRAM - Unila

PROGRAM & ABSTRACT BOOK

1st ICSB 2019

THE 1st INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE BIOMASS (ICSB) 2019 EMERSIA HOTEL & RESORT

BANDAR LAMPUNG, LAMPUNG, INDONESIA

OCTOBER 15th -17th, 2019

PROGRAM & ABSTRACT BOOK 1st ICSB 2019 Editor: Darmansyah

Lathifa Indraningtyas

Wahyu Hidayat

Dewi Agustina Iryani

Ardian Ulvan

The committees have been trying to check the typos and the contents of this

program and abstract book before going to the book printing process. If there

were still errors and omissions, then the committee will fix it in the digital version

of this book which is stored on the website of the 1st ICSB 2019 event.

Doc. Version: 05 | Date : 10/10/2019

International Conference on Sustainable Biomass 2019 October 15th – 17th, 2019

EMERSIA Hotel & Resort, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia “ Bioenergy for Rural Development “

iii

Welcoming Remarks by Rector of Universitas Lampung

On behalf of Universitas Lampung, I am greatly honored and pleased to welcome you all to the first International Conference on Sustainable Biomass or 1st ICSB 2019 in Bandar Lampung. I am delighted to have been invited to give the welcoming remarks for ICSB 2019.

It has been well known that Indonesia is the agricultural nation. Lampung, in particular, is one province in Indonesia as the place of many variety of plantations and produce many agroindustry products. To be mentioned that Lampung is the number one producer of Cassava and its derivative products, number one producer of Pineapple, Bananas, and others, including Coffee, Cacao, Palm as well as Rice. It means, we here

have plenty of biomass resources which are potential as a green and renewable energy resources.

In the last several years major discussions are taking place regarding the relationships among energy, economic growth and security, the environment, and national food security. A critically important part of these discussions is the intersection of food resilience, energy security, environmental quality, and economic health. Integrated production, management, harvesting, and conversion of woody and agroindustry biomass to efficiently produce energy and replace a significant portion of fossil fuels are fundamental to optimizing this balance. Our nation’s forests, farms and plantations are a strategic asset in this arena. Obviously, the involvement of education and research in university and other research institutes, as well as the cooperation with the industries and other stakeholders are the key point for the balance.

This conference, which I believe, provides the opportunity for sharing the most recent findings related to the sustainable biomass, especially the bioenergy for rural development, which is become the main theme of this inaugural event. It will be highlight researches, all best practices, and lessons learnt in managing and processing the biomass, which might be adopted in the biomass processing policy and action.

The 1st ICSB 2019 is organized by Universitas Lampung (Unila), in cooperation with Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), and University of Borås, Sweden. Thanks to the all-conference committee. I would like to extend our gratitude to you all the speakers and attendants in this 1st ICSB 2019, as you are our distinguished guests. I would also like to extend our great gratitude, especially to all of our keynote speakers and invited speakers.

Welcome to the 1st ICSB 2019. Welcome to Bandar Lampung. Prof. Dr. Ir. Hasriadi Mat Akin, M.P. Rector of Universitas Lampung



iv

Message from the Head of Research and Development

Center for Tropical Biomass of Universitas Lampung

Welcome to all participants of International Conference on Sustainable Biomass 2019.

Research and Development Center for Tropical Biomass is one

of center under Institute for Research and Community

Services, University of Lampung. This center was developed

to support some agroindustries and communities to increase

their productivity and sustainability. Reduce, reuse, recycle,

and recovery of several biomass waste from agroindustries

and agricultural activities to produce bioenergy and

biomaterials are our main target. It’s important to increase the total productivity of

natural resources utilization.

Biomass based industries development is important to support new job opportunities,

economic growth in villages and remote area, and also to increase the total productivities

of utilization of agricultural products resources. It is related with the commitment of

Indonesia government to accelerate economic development in villages and remote area.

Research and Development Center for Tropical Biomass University of Lampung was

developed to give some solution on biomass waste treatment and utilization technologies

and support biomass based industries and green agroindustries.

Hopefully, all you are enjoy in Lampung and we are very much welcome to make

collaboration with other parties to develop sustainable biomass based refinery industries.

Bandar Lampung, October 14th 2019

Research and Development Center for Tropical Biomass,

University of Lampung

Head,

Prof. Dr. Udin Hasanudin



v

Chairman of Organizing Committe

It is a great pleasure to welcome you to the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Biomass (ICSB) 2019 at Emersia Hotel and Resort, Bandar Lampung, the capital city of Lampung Province, the land of Sai Bumi Ruwa Jurai.

Many encouragement and progress on the biomass processing, to increase the efficiency, productivity, and sustainability in both agroindustries and communities, however we are still facing a huge global problem today, on how balancing the energy security, food resilience, environmental quality, and economic health.

In this first event, there are more than 50 scientific papers will be presented in ICSB 2019 related to 5 scientific tracks: energy security and sustainability; bioenergy and biofuel; energy efficiency; energy conversion green power technology, and environment; advanced material for energy storage, generation, and transmission.

The conference is initiated by Research and Development Centre for Tropical Biomass of Unila, in cooperation with Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), and University of Borås, Sweden. It is also supported by the Swedish Research Council Sweden, BPDP Kelapa Sawit Indonesia, and Cenergi SEA, Malaysia. The conference will bring together leading researchers, scientists, engineers, policy makers, and other professionals in various disciplines of biomass, bioenergy, and environments around the world.

Besides the keynotes and parallel sessions, there is also the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signing between Unila and Cenergi SAE, and a special workshop on Green Technology Partnership Initiative which is involved Unila, Korean Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Green Technology Center Korea, Government of Lampung, and domestic agroindustries. The event will last with the field trip to Great Giant Food Company to visit their premises in production facilities, and biomass waste processing facility.

We do hope you still extend your stay by discovering Bandar Lampung and Lampung, the treasure of Sumatra.

We welcome you to an inspiring, valuable, and enjoyable program.

Bandar Lampung, October 14th 2019

Committee Chairman

Dr.-ing. Ardian Ulvan



vi

Committee

Advisory Board:

Prof. Dr. Ir. Hasriadi Mat Akin – Rector of Universitas Lampung

H.E. Marina Berg – Ambassador of Sweden to Indonesia

Prof. Ir. Panut Mulyono, M.Eng, D.Eng – Rector of Universitas Gadjah Mada

Steering Committee:

Prof. Bujang Rahman – Vice Rector for Acadamic Affair, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia

Dr. Warsono – Director of LPPM, University of Lampung, Indonesia

Prof. Mohammed Taherzadeh – The University of Borås, Sweden

Prof. Dr. Eng. Udin Hasanudin – Universitas Lampung, Indonesia

Dr. Ria Millati – Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Organizing Committee:

Dr.-ing. Ardian Ulvan – Chair

Dr. Eng. Dewi Agustina Iryani– Secretary

Dr.-ing. Melvi – Treasurer

Novri Tanti, S.T., M.T. – Logistics and Appurtenances

Dr. Amrul – Publication

Dr. Sugeng Triyono – Social Event and Excursion

Lathifa Indraningtyas, S.T.P., M.Sc. – Public Relation

Darmansyah, S.T., M.T., – Administration and Circulation

Muhammad Haviz, S.T., M.T. - Administration and Circulation

Technical Program Committee:

Dr. Wahyu Hidayat – Chair

Dr. Marelli Talambanua – Co-chair

TPC Members:

Anna Brunerová – Czech University of Life Sciences, Czech Republic

Seung Hwan Lee – Kangwon National University, South Korea

Nam Hun Kim – Kangwon National University, South Korea

Agus Haryanto – Universitas Lampung, Indonesia



vii

Khomaini Hasan – Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Centre, ITB, Indonesia

Udin Hasanudin – Universitas Lampung, Indonesia

Patrick Rousset – King Mongkut’s of Technology Thonburi, Thailand

Shabbir H. Gheewala –King Mongkut’s of Technology Thonburi, Thailand

Oki Muraza – King Fadh University, Saudi Arabia

Yuki Kudoh – National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan

Heri Susanto – Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia

Yazid Bindar – Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia

Ronny Purwadi – Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia

Mahidin – Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia

Irvan – Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Zuchra Helwani – Universitas Riau, Indonesia

Rohim – Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Teguh Ariyanto – Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Rohim Bakti Cahyono – Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Rochma Wikandari – Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Bambang Sudarmanta – Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November, Indonesia

Muhammad Abdul Kholiq – BPPT, Indonesia

Isroi – Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry, Indonesia

Suharto – Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia

Novizar Nazir – Universitas Andalas, Indonesia

Suripto Dwi Yuwono – Universitas Lampung, Indonesia

M. Irsyad – Universitas Lampung, Indonesia

Suprihatin – Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia

Muhammad Yani – Institut Pertanian Bogor University, Bogor, Indonesia

Andes Ismayana – Institut Pertanian Bogor University, Bogor, Indonesia



viii

Content

Chairman of Organizing Committee

Committee

Content

Conference Program

Abstract of Papers

A. Poster Presentation

B. Oral presentation

1. Energy Security and Sustainability

2. Bioenergy and Biofuel

3. Energy Efficiency

4. Energy Conversion, Green Power Technology and Environment

5. Advanced Material for Energy Storage, Generation, and

Transmission

C. Intensive Workshop



ix

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE BIOMASS

PARALLEL SESSION (October 15th – 17th, 2019)

Topic Room Amount of

papers Session Chair/ Assistant

Energy Security and

Sustainability

9

Session Chair : Dr. Sugeng Triyono

Assistant :

Operator :

Documentation :

Bioenergy and Biofuel

13

Session Chair : Dr. Eng. Dewi A. Iryani

Assistant :

Operator :

Documentation :

Energy Efficiency

13

Session Chair : Dr. Muhammad Irsyad

Assistant :

Operator :

Documentation :

Energy Conversion, Green

Power Technology, and

Environment

10

Session Chair : Dr. Agus Haryanto

Assistant :

Operator :

Documentation :

Advanced Material for Energy

Storage, Generation, and

Transmission

6

Session Chair : Dr. Wahyu Hidayat

Assistant :

Operator :

Documentation :

Total amount of papers 51

POSTER SESSION (October 15th – 17th, 2019)

Presenter Title

Deodata Leela, Syukri M Nur, Galih Rai Life Cycle Analysis and Sustainability of POME as

Biodiesel Fuel

Angga Kusuma, Agung Firmansyah, Dewi

A. Iryani, Simparmin Br. Ginting,

Ni Luh ratna L, Udin Hasanudin

Biomethane Upgrading by Using Cellulose Acetate

Modified with Lampung Natural Zeolite Membrane



x

PRESENTATION SCHEDULE DAY-1 (Tuesday, October 15th)

ROOM 1 (BALLROOM)

TOPIC : ENERGY SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY

Time ID Presenter Manuscript Title PIC/ Moderator/

Operator

13.30-13.45 843 Joko Nugroho,

Wahyu Karyadi

Iations for Methane Gas

Production from Cow Dung

in the Yogyakarta Region

Session Chair :

Dr. Sugeng Triyono

Assistant :

Operator :

Documentation :

13.45-14.00 856

Muhammad Faisal,

Asri Gani,

Farid Mulana

Utilization of Liquid Smoke

Produced from Oil Palm

Empty Fruit Bunches to

Preserve Tofu

14.00-14.15 863

Anggun Rahmada,

Fajar Marendra, Cahyo

Wulandari, Ria Millati,

Teguh Ariyanto, Rochim

Bakti Cahyono

Zero Waste Concept in Fruit

Waste Anaerobic Digester:

Case Study of Biogas Plant

Gamping, Yogyakarta

14.15-14.30 869 Muhammad Sigit Cahyono

Methane Pyrolysis for

Sustainable Hydrogen

Production : A Review

14.30-14.45 871

Siti Suharyatun, Agus

Haryanto, Winda

Rahmawati, Usi Zubaidah

Improving Fuel Quality of

Rice Straw Through Washing

by Using Tofu Mill Effluent

14.45-15.00 876 Era R Finalis

Synthesis and

Characterization of NPK/SRF

Fertilizer for Red Onion by

Using Empty Fruit Bunch

(EFB) Char

15.00-15.15 Coffee Break



xi

TOPIC : ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE, GENERATION

AND TRANSMISSION OTHER ISSUES


Operator

15.15-15.30 854 Hanifa Marisa

Stratification Of Arboretum

Forest, Sriwijaya University

Campus, Indralaya, South

Sumatra; With

Measurement Of Loss Of

Weight After Drying Of

Main Species

Session Chair :

Dr. Wahyu Hidayat

Assistant :

Operator :

Documentation :

15.30-15.45 901 Sri Rachmawati Hidayah

Siregar, AdiSurjosatyo

Influence of Die

Temperature on the

Characteristics and Quality

of Municipal Solid Waste

Pellets

15.45-16.00 874 Kinanthi Mondylaksita

Edible Fungal (Rhizomucor

CCUG 61147) Production

from Organosolv

Pretreated OPEFB in

Submerged Fermentation

ROOM 2 (CLASS ROOM 1)

TOPIC : BIOENERGY AND BIOFUEL


Operator

13.30-13.45 884

Anna Brunerová, Udin

Hasanudin, Dewi Agustina

Iryani, David Herák

Analysis of Tropical Fruit

Waste Biomass

Generationin Indonesia

and Its Reuse Potential Session Chair :

Dr. Eng. Dewi A. Iryani

Assistant :

Operator :

Documentation :

13.45-14.00 848

Sanggono Adisasmito,

Carolus Borromeus

Rasrendra, William

Einstein, Utomo Putera

Biogas Production from

Anaerobic Digestion of Tofu

Industry Wastewater

14.00-14.15 851 Asyeni Miftahul Jannah

The Effect of H2SO4 and

NaOH in Delignification of

Bioethanol Production from

Coconut Husk Using

Simultaneous

saccharification

Fermentation Method

14.15-14.30 925

Angky Wahyu Putranto,

Sakinah Hilya Abida,

Khodijah Adrebi

Lignocellulosic Analysis of

Corncob Biomass by Using

Non-Thermal Pulsed Electric

Field-NaOH Pretreatment



xii

14.30-14.45 920

Nyahu Rumbang,

Karelius,

Made Dirgantara,

Komang Gde Suastika

Chemical Modifications of

Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell

by COMB Method

14.45-15.00 870

Agus Haryanto, Udin

Hasanudin, Dewi Iriyani

Agustina,

Wahyu Hidayat,

Mareli Telaumbanua,

Amrul, Sugeng Triyono

Potential of Biomass Fuel

from Oil Palm Empty Fruit

Bunch Pellet


15.15-15.30 875

Atti Sholihah, Sri

Djangkung Sumbogo,

Asmi Rima Juwita, Fusia

Mirda Yanti, Hens Saputra

Characterization of Mixed

Biodiesel and Petrodiesel as

Transportation Fuel

15.30-15.45 847 Ridwan Yahya, Yuwana,

Budiyanto Budiyanto

Drying Effectiveness of Oil

Palm Empty Bunches as a

Renewable Energy Source

Using "Teko Bersayap"

Model Solar Dryer

15.45-16.00 913 Dwita Atyana Prameswari

Methane Production from

Patchouli Oil Distillery

Waste Using Dry Batch and

Wet Semi-Continuous

Anaerobic Digestion


TOPIC : ENERGY EFFICIENCY


Operator

13.30-14.00

Invited Speaker :

Dr. Agus Haryanto

(University of Lampung)

Session Chair : Dr. Muhammad Irsyad Assistant : Operator : Documentation :

14.00-14.15 917

Tri Widjaja, Ali Altway,

Siti Nurkhamidah,

Toto Iswanto

Performance of Biogas

Production from Coffee

Pulp Waste with Cow Dung

and Cattle Rumen Fluid As

Inoculum in a Batch

Reactor

14.15-14.30 861

Lydia Mawar Ningsih,

Agus Haryanto,

Udin Hasanudin, Sugeng

Triyono

Leaching Alkali and Alkali

Earth Metal From Oil Palm

Empty Fruit Bunch Using

Cassava Waste Water



xiii

14.30-14.45 900 Kiki Haetami, Junianto,

Abun Abun

Pairing Coconut and

Candlenut Oil as Feed

Supplement in Low Protein

Diet with Addition Se on

Feed Efficiency of Red Nile

Fish (Oreochromis Niloticus)

14.45-15.00 911

Darmansyah,Simparmin

Br. Ginting, Dewi Agustina

Iryani, Ratna Puspita Sari,

Didik Supriyadi

Characterization of

Modified Natural Zeolite

Lampung with

Cetrylmethylammonium

Bromide (CTAB) for

Adsorption Industrial

Tapioca Wastewater


15.15-15.30 916

Tri Widjaja, Ali Altway,

Siti Nurkhamidah, Ni

Made Kartika Laksmi,

Bayu Gusdyarto, Toto

Iswanto

The Effect of Alkaline

Pretreatment on Biogas

Productivity and Kinetic

from Cocoa Pod Husk

Waste Using Batch Reactor

15.30-15.45 892

ZakiSaptari Saldi,

AdityaPutranto, Fidelis

Simanjuntak,

UdinHasanudin

Numerical Investigation Of

Sludge Mixing Under

Varying Total Solids In A

Lab-Scale Anaerobic

Digester

15.45-16.00 899

Sri Ismiyati Damayanti,

Sarto sarto, Chandra

Wahyu Purnomo, Wiratni

Budhijanto

Microaeration Technique to

Enhance The Performance

of Anaerobic Digestion of

Palm Oil Mill Effluent

(POME)

16.00-16.15

Nugroho Adi Sasongko

Techno-economic analysis

of Botryococcus braunii

cultivation in biofilm



xiv


TOPIC: ENERGY CONVERSION, GREEN POWER TECHNOLOGY,

AND ENVIRONMENT


Operator

13.30-14.00

Invited Speaker :

Dr. Sarto

(Universitas Gadjah Mada)

Session Chair :

Dr. Agus Haryanto

Assistant :

Operator :

Documentation :

14.00-14.15

M. Mahidin, Erdiwansyah,

Yanna Syamsuddin,

Hamdani, Hisbullah

Numerical Analysis with

Simulations for Biomass

Gasification

14.15-14.30 909 Tyas Puspita Rini, SD

Sumbogo Murti

Hybrid Catalyst Cu-

ZnO/Al2O3-HZSM-5 for

Direct Synthesis Dimethyl

Ether from CO and H2

(Syngas)

14.30-14.45 873 Erlan Rosyadi

Cold Model Performance

Test Of 50 Kwe Dual

Fluidized Bed Gasification

Technology

14.45-15.00 877

Wahyu Hidayat, Udin

Hasanudin, Dewi Agustina

Iryani,

Agus Haryanto, Amrul

Amrul,

Jiho Yoo, Sangdo Kim,

Sihyun Lee

Effect of Torrefaction using

Counter Flow Multi-Baffle

(COMB) Reactor on the

Properties of Wood Pellets


15.15-15.30 905

Herri Susanto, Dicka Ar

Rahim, Mi Yan, Rahmad

Dennie Agustin Pohan,

Dwi Hantoko

Upgrading of Palm Oil

Empty Fruit Bunches To

Solid Fuel Using

Torrefaction and

Hydrothermal Treatment

15.30-15.45 907 Dhias Cahya Hakika

Enhancement of Biogas

Production From Sugarcane

Vinasse Using Fenton

Reaction: Effect of pH

15.45-16.00

Elida Purba, Christine

Natalia Y, Puput Dwi

Ratna Sari

Biogas Purification by CO2

Reduction in Bubble

Column using Ca(OH)2 and

NaOH

16.00-16.15

Soni Sisbudi Harsono

Coffee Husk Utilization as

Biobricket and Biopellet

Based on Zero Waste

Approach



xv

PRESENTATION SCHEDULE DAY-2 (Wednesday, October 16th)


TOPIC : ENERGY SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY

TOPIC :ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE, GENERATION

AND TRANSMISSION OTHER ISSUES


Operator

10.45-11.00 919 Dwi Putri Rahmadani

Biogas Purification using

Chitosan-Impregnated

Porous Carbon

Session Chair : Assistant : Operator : Documentation :

11.00-11.15 898

Asesanti Suci Nur

Pratami, Nugroho Adi

Sasongko, Kega Amalania

Salsabiil, Wara Dyah Pita

Rengga

Techno-Economic Analysis

of Integrated Process

Design of Palm Oil Mill

Effluent (Pome) Treatment

Coupled With Algae

Biomass Production System

11.15-11.30

Usi Nur Pamiliani, Elida

Purba

Purification of Biogas by

CO2 Reduction in Biogas

Using Potassium Hydroxide

Solution (KOH) in a Packed

Tower


Operator

11.30-11.45 839

Wahyu Hidayat, Fauzi

Febrianto, Byantara

Darsan Purusatama, Nam

Hun Kim

Effect of Oil Heat

Treatment on the

Properties of Fast Growing

Wood Species


11.45-12.00 857 Via Siti Masluhah, Aisyah

Ardy, and Herri Susanto

Comparison of

Performance of Three

Types of Catalysts of

Methanol Dehydration to

DME

12.00-12.15

Julfi Restu Amelia, Udin

Hasanudin, Oktarina M

Decreasing of Pollution Tract Loads Through Utilization of Effluent Reactor of Tapioca Industrial Biogass for Production of Organic Vegetables



xvi


TOPIC : BIOENERGY AND BIOFUEL


Operator

10.45-11.00 904

Lia Lismeri, YuliDarni,

Meiliza Anggraini, Agus

Sudarno

Characterization of Cassava

Stems as Potential Biomass

for Bio-Oil Production


11.00-11.15 895

Kega Amalania Salsabiil,

Asesanti Suci Nur

Pratami, Nugroho Adi

Sasongko, Wara Dyah

Pita Rengga

Integrated Process Design of

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

Treatment Coupled with

Algae Biomass Production

System

11.15-11.30 903 Ansar ansar

Production of Bioethanol

from Palm Sap

(Arengapinnata Merr) Using

Fermentation and Distillation

Technology

11.30-11.45

Soni Sisbudi Harsono

Life Cycle Analysis of Civet

Coffee in Ijen Plateau Area of

Bondowoso, East Java –

Indonesia

TOPIC: ENERGY CONVERSION, GREEN POWER TECHNOLOGY, AND

ENVIRONMENT


Operator

11.45-12.00 922

Yuli Darni, Herti Utami,

Muhammad Hanif,

Nurul Izzati Hanifah

Microfibril Cellulose Filler

Contributes to Thermal

Stability and Morphology of

Bioplastics Characteristics of

Sorghum-Based


12.00-12.15 923

Ibnu Maulana

Hidayatullah

Modeling of Temperature

Effect on Separated

Saccharification and

Fermentation for Oil Palm

Empty Fruit Bunches-Based

Xylitol Production



xvii


TOPIC : ENERGY EFFICIENCY


Operator

10.45-11.00

Khairudin, Amirudin,

Lukmanul Hakim, Heri

Gusmadi, Udin

Hasanudin, Agus

Haryanto

Emulating Excitation System

of Biomass-based Micro

Steam Turbine Generator


11.00-11.15 910

Lathifa Indraningtyas,

Udin Hasanudin,

Darmansyah

Performance Test of Compost

Biofilter in Reducing H2S

Content on Biogas From

Waste Water Tapioca

Industry

11.15-11.30 883 Indra Mamad Gandidi

Two Stage Pyrolysis with Long

Catalyzer Reactor to Produce

of Gasoline Range From

Mixed MSW

11.30-11.45

Arief Prasetyo, Dewi

Agustina Iryani, Udin

Hasanudin, Simparmin

Br. Ginting

Effect of Annealing and

Ananealing Of Cellulose

Acetate (CA) Membrane

Modified with Lampung

Netural Zeolite (LNZ) to

Improve Percormance in

Separation of CO2/CH4

11.45-12.00

Heri Satria, Yandri,

Nurhasanah, Aspita

Laila, Suripto Dwi

Yuwono

Utilization of Native

Extracellular Cellulase from

Cultivated Indigenous

Actinomycetes Act-4 on Ionic

Liquid Pretreated Bagasse in

Simultaneous Saccharification

and Fermentation (SSF)

Ethanol

12.00-12.15

Nida Nurlivi Fauziyah,

Eko Prasetyo, Nugroho

Adi Sasongko

Study of Green Gasoline Life

Cycle Assessment (LCA) with

Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as

Raw Materials



xviii

Green Technology Partnership

Initiative Workshop

University of Lampung, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Green Technology Center, Government

Wednesday, October 16 at Ballroom Emersia Hotel

Time Presenter Title PIC

13.00-13.15 Prof. Udin Hasanudin

Universitas Lampung Biomass for Energy

Session Chair: Dr. Wahyu Hidayat

13.15-13.30

Dr. Jiho Yoo

Korea Institute of Energy

Research

Conversion of Biomass into Biochar

based on COMBPy Technology

13.30-13.45

I GST NY Suryana

Head of Research and

Development Office of

Central Lampung Regency

Biomass Potential in Central

Lampung Regency

13.45-14.00 Wilson Gultom

PT. Anaktuha Sawit Mandiri

Best Practice Management on the

Utilization of Oil Palm Biomass

14.15-14.30 Mr. Jun-hyung Lee

Envelops

Utilization of Biomass Project in

Indonesia and Best Practice

14.30-14.45

Mr. Kwan-young Kim

Green Technology

Partnership Initiative

Capacity-Building of Biofuel

Appropriate Technology

Development and Business Model

Generation using STI and Knowledge

Management

14.45-15.00

Dr. Hyun-goo Kim

Korea Institute of Energy

Research

Renewable Energy Resource

Mapping of Korea Using Earth

Observations

15.00-15.30 Discussion



xix

Poster Session

Life Cycle Analysis and Sustainability of POME as Biodiesel Fuel Deodata Leela, Syukri M Nur, Galih Rai ....................................................................................... 1

Biomethane Upgrading by Using Celulose Acetate Modified with Lampung Natural Zeolite Membrane

Angga Kusuma J,Dewi. Agustina. I, Agung F, Simparmin B. Ginting , N. L. G. Ratna,

Udin Hasanudin ........................................................................................................................... 2

Parallel Session

Theme 1: Energy Security and Sustainability

Improving Fuel Quality of Rice Straw Through Washing by Using Effluent From Tofu Industry

Siti Suharyatun, Agus Haryanto, Winda Rahmawati, Usi Zubaidah ............................................. I - 1

Methane Pyrolysis for Sustainable Hydrogen Production: A Review Muhammad Sigit Cahyono ....................................................................................... I - 2

Synthesis and Characterization Of NPK SRF Fertilizer for Red Onion by Using Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Char

Era R Finalis ................................................................................................................................. I -3

Utilization of Liquid Smoke Produced from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches to

Preserve Tofu

Muhammad Faisal, Asri Gani, Farid Mulana ................................................................................ I - 4

Zero Waste Concept in Fruit Waste Anaerobic Digeste Case Study of Biogas Plant Gamping, Yogyakarta

Anggun Rahmada, Fajar Marendra, Cahyo Wulandari, Ria Millati, Rochim Bakti Cahyono,

Teguh Ariyanto ............................................................................................................................ I - 5

Biogas Purification Using Chitosan-impregnated Porous Carbon D P Rahmadani, A Rahmada, F Marendra, H J Rimbawan, R B Cahyono, Suherman,

and T Ariyanto ............................................................................................................................. I - 6

Purificaion of Biogas by CO2 Reduction in Biogas Using Potassium Hydroxide Solution (KOH) in a Packed Tower

Usi Nur Pamiliani, Elida Purba ..................................................................................................... I - 7

Techno-economic Analysis of Integrated Process Design of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment Coupled with Algae Biomass Production System

Asesanti Suci Nur Pratami, Nugroho Adi Sasongko, Kega Amalania Salsabiil,

Wara Dyah Pita Rengga ............................................................................................................... I - 8



xx

Iations for Methane Gas Production from Cow Dung in the Yogyakarta Region Joko Nugroho, Wahyu Karyadi .................................................................................................... I - 9

Theme 2 : Bioenergy and Biofuel

Analysis of Tropical Fruit Waste Biomass Generation in Indonesian Its Reuse Potential

Anna Brunerová, Udin Hasanudin, Dewi Agustina Iryani, David Herák ....................................... II - 1

Biogas Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Tofu Industry Wastewater Sanggono Adisasmito, Carolus Borromeus Rasrendra, William Einstein,

Utomo Putera .............................................................................................................................. II - 2

Characterization of Mixed Biodiesel and Petrodiesel as Transportation Fuel Atti Sholihah, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo, Asmi Rima Juwita, Fusia Mirda Yanti,

Hens Saputra ............................................................................................................................... II - 3

Chemical Modifications of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell by COMB Method Nyahu Rumbang, Karelius, Made Dirgantara, Komang Gde Suastika .......................................... II - 4

Drying Effectiveness of Oil Palm Empty Bunches as a Renewable Energy Source Using “Teko Bersayap” Model Solar Dryer

Ridwan Yahya, Yuwana Yuwana, Budiyanto Budiyanto ............................................................... II - 5

Lignocellulosic Analysis of Corncob Biomass by Using Non-Thermal Pulsed Electric Field-NaOH Pretreatment

A. W. Putranto, S. H. Abida, and K. Adrebi .................................................................................. II - 6

Methane Production from Patchouli Oil Distillery Waste Using Dry Batch and Wet Semi-continuous Anaerobic Digestion

D. A. Prameswari, A. N. Rahmah, R. Millati, R. Wikandari, M. N. Cahyanto, Lukitawesa, C. Niklasson, M.

Taherzadeh .................................................................................................................................. II - 7

Potential of Biomass Fuel from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Pellet Agus Haryanto, Udin Hasanudin, Dewi Iriyani Agustina, Wahyu Hidayat, Mareli Telaumbanua, Amrul

Amrul, Sugeng Triyono ................................................................................................................ II - 8

The Effect of H2SO4 and NaOH in Delignification of Bioethanol Production from Coconut Husk Using Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation Method

Asyeni Miftahul Jannah, Novia, Elda Melwita, Titi Lahanda Susanti, Nuraini Dewi Pratiwi ......... II - 9

Characterization and Analysis of Cassava Stems as Potential Biomass for Bio-Oil Production Via Electromagnetic-Assisted Catalytic Liquefaction

L Lismeri, M Anggraini, A Sudarno and Y Darni ........................................................................... II - 10

Integrated Process Design of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment Coupled with Algae Biomass Production System



xxi

Kega Amalania Salsabiil, Nugroho Adi Sasongko, Asesanti Suci Nur Pratami, Wara Dyah Pita Rengga

..................................................................................................................................................... II - 11

Production of Bioethanol from Palm sap (Arengapinnata MERR) Using Fermentation and Distillation Technology

Ansar and Nazaruddin ................................................................................................................. II - 12

Life Cycle Analysis of Civet Coffee in Ijen Plateau Area of Bondowoso, East Java – Indonesia

Soni Sisbudi Harsono .................................................................................................................. II - 13

Theme 3: Energy Efficiency

Performance of Biogas Production from Coffee Pulp Waste with Cow Dung and Cattle Rumen Fluid as Inoculum in a Batch Reactor

T. Widjaja, A. Altway, S. Nurkhamidah, T. Iswanto, E. Grady ...................................................... III - 1

Characterization of Modified Lampung Natural Zeolitewith Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for Adsorption Industrial Tapioca Wastewater

Darmansyah, Simparmin Br. Ginting, Dewi Agustina Iryani, Ratna Puspita Sari,

Didik Supriyadi ............................................................................................................................. III - 2

Leaching Alkali and Alkali Earth Metal from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Cassava Wastewater

Lydia Mawar Ningsih, Agus Haryanto, Udin Hasanudin, Sugeng Triyono .................................... III - 3

Microaeration Technique to Enhance The Performance of Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

Sri Ismiyati Damayanti, Sarto Sarto, Chandra Wahyu Purnomo,

Wiratni Budhijanto ...................................................................................................................... III - 4

Pairing Coconut and Candlenut Oil as Feed Supplement in Low Protein Diet with Addition Se on Feed Efficiency of Red Nile Fish (Oreochromis Niloticus)

Kiki Haetami, Junianto, and Abun ................................................................................................ III - 5

The Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment on Biogas Productivity and Kinetic from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Using Batch Reactor

T Widjaja, S Nurkhamidah, A Altway, KLaksmi, B Gusdyarto, T Iswanto ..................................... III - 6

Effect of Annealing and Ananealing Of Cellulose Acetate (CA) Membrane Modified with Lampung Netural Zeolite (LNZ) to Improve Performance in Separation of CO2/CH4 Biogas

Arief Prasetyo, Dewi Agustina Iryani, Udin Hasanudin, S.Br. Ginting .......................................... III - 7



xxii

Emulating Excitation System of a Biomass-based Micro Steam Turbine Generator

Khairudin, Amirudin, Lukmanul Hakim, Herri Gusmedi, Udin Hasanudin, Agus Haryanto .......... III - 8

Performance Test of Compost Biofilter in Reducing H2S Content on Biogas from Waste Water Tapioca Industry

Lathifa Indraningtyas, Udin Hasanudin, Darmansyah.................................................................. III - 9

Study of Green Gasoline Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as Raw Materials

Nida Nurlivi Fauziyah, Eko Prasetyo, Nugroho Adi Sasongko ...................................................... III - 10

Two Stage Pyrolysis with Long Catalyzer Reactor to Produce of Gasoline Range from Mixed MSW

Indra Mamad Gandidi, Apri Wiyono, Rakensa Satria Ardipamungkas, Amrul .......................................... III - 11

Utilization of Native Extracellular Cellulase from Cultivated Indigenous Actinomycetes Act-4 on Ionic Liquid Pretreated Bagasse in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) Ethanol

Heri Satria, Yandri, Nurhasanah, Aspita Laila, Suripto Dwi Yuwono ............................................ III - 12

Techno-economic Analysis of Botryococcus braunii Cultivation in Biofilm Nugroho Adi Sasongko ................................................................................................................ III - 13

Theme 4: Energy Conversion, Green Power Technology and

Environment

Nuerical Analysis with Simulations for Biomass Gasification Mahidin, Erdiwansyah,Yanna Syamsuddin, Hamdani, Hisbullah ................................................. IV - 1

Biogas Purification by CO2 Reduction in Bubble Column Using Ca(OH)2 and NaOH

Elida Purba, Christine Natalia Y, Puput Dwi Ratna Sari ................................................................ IV - 2

Cold Model Performance Test Of 50 Kwe Dual Fluidized Bed Gasification Technology

Erlan Rosyadi ............................................................................................................................... IV - 3

Effect of Torrefaction Using Counter Flow Multi-Baffle (COMB) Reactor on the Properties of Wood Pellets

Wahyu Hidayat, Udin Hasanudin, Dewi Agustina Iryani, Agus Haryanto, Amrul, Jiho Yoo, Sangdo Kim,

Sihyun Lee ................................................................................................................................... IV - 4

Enhancement of Biogas Production from Sugarcane Vinasse Using Fenton Reaction: Effect of pH

Dhias Cahya Hakika ..................................................................................................................... IV - 5



xxiii

Hybrid Catalyst Cu-ZnO/Al2O3-HZSM-5 for Direct Synthesis Dimethyl Ether from CO and H2 (Syngas)

Tyas Puspita Rini, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo Murti, Nanda Sari Dewi ............................................ IV - 6

Upgrading of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches to Solid Fuel Using Torrefaction and Hydrothermal Treatment

Herri Susanto, Dicka Ar Rahim, Mi Yan, Rahmad Dennie Agustin Pohan, Dwi Hantoko .............. IV - 7

Microfibril Cellulose Filler Contributes to Thermal Stability and Morphology of Bioplastics Characteristics of Sorghum Based

Y. Darni, H. Utami, L. Lismeri, M. Hanif, N.I. Hanifah ................................................................... IV - 8

Modeling of Temperature Effect on Separated Saccharification and Fermentation for Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches-Based Xylitol Production

Ibnu Maulana Hidayatullah ......................................................................................................... IV - 9

Coffee Husk Utilization as Biobricket and Biopellet Based on Zero Waste Approach

Soni Sisbudi Harsono .................................................................................................................. IV - 10

Theme 5: Advanced Material for Energy Storage, Generation, and

Transmission

Edible Fungal (Rhizomucor CCUG 61147) Production from Organosolv Pretreated OPEFB in Submerged Fermentation

MB Devi Marhendraswari, Kinanthi Mondylaksita, Jorge Ferreira, Ria Millati,

Mohammad J. Taherzadeh, Claes Niklasson ................................................................................ V - 1

Effect of Oil Heat Treatment on the Properties of Fast Growing Wood Species Wahyu Hidayat, Byantara Darsan Purusatama, Fauzi Febrianto, and Nam Hun Kim ................ V- 2

Influence of Die Temperature on Unit Density and Calorific Value of Municipal Solid Waste Pellets

Sri R. H. Siregar, Daragantina Nursani, and Adi Surjosatyo ......................................................... V - 3

Comparison of Performance of Three Types of Catalysts of Methanol Dehydration to DME

Via Siti Masluhah, Aisyah Ardy, and Herri Susanto ...................................................................... V - 4

Decreasing of Pollution Tract Loads Through Utilization of Effluent Reactor of Tapioca Industrial Biogas for Production of Organic Vegetables

Julfi Restu Amelia, Udin Hasanudin, Oktarina Maulidia .............................................................. V - 5



xxiv

Stratification of Arboretum Forest, Sriwijaya University Campus, Indralaya, South Sumatra with Measurement of Loss of Weight after Drying of Main Species

Hanifa Marisa .............................................................................................................................. V - 6

KEYNOTE SPEAKER



Keynote Speaker

Development of Indicators for Assessing the Biomass Sustainability

in Asian Countries

Y Kudoh1

1 Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced

Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8569 Japan

Abstract

Aiming at developing an academically-sound and practically-relevant methodology for

assessing the sustainability of the biomass use that reflects the needs and potential of

biomass feedstocks suitable for Asian countries, an expert working group comprising the

Asian researchers identified a set of sustainability indicators for biomass utilisation under

the environmental, economic and social pillars of sustainability. The application of the

indicators in sustainability assessments of biomass utilisation will enable decision makers

in Asian countries to compare the sustainability of biomass utilisation options and to make

decisions on whether or not to launch or sustain biomass utilisation initiatives.



Keynote Speaker

Utilization of biomass waste as a fuel for power generation: A

sustainable fuel development by waste-to-energy

Sihyun Lee1 , Sangdo Kim1, Jiho Yoo1, Donghyuk Chun1, Hokyung Choi1, Hyuk Im1,

Soohyun Kim1

1Clean Fuel Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, 34129 South Korea

Corresponding author : [email protected] (S. LEE)

Abstract

There is a growing demand for new and renewable energy worldwide. In particular, the

use of traditional wood pellet is also increasing significantly as biomass energy usage

increases. In addition to the traditional wood pallet, attention has been focused on the

use of biomass waste, such as forest waste and agricultural byproducts etc. However,

these biomass wastes are difficult to use as fuel as it is and must be pre-treated, such as

heat treatment. In this study, biomass waste such as EFB (Empty Fruit Bunch) was heat

treated to produce high-quality fuel, that is, black pellet. The purpose of this study is to

develop a distributed power generation system using biomass gasification technology

using produced high quality fuel. This presentation will introduce the concept of hybrid

distributed power generation system combined with solar power and discuss long-term

development and dissemination plans in Indonesia. We want to introduce the recently

launched ‘Establishment of Low-Carbon Integrated Solid Waste Management Center’

project in Indonesia and discuss areas where we can cooperate. The name of center is

Green Technology Partnership Initiative. For your information, this center will be located

in the Serpong, Indonesia, and the plant site is Lampung.



Keynote Speaker

Cenergi’s Biogas Power Plant Sustainable Practices

E. D. Navaratnam, A. Md Ikram

Cenergi SEA, Malaysia

Abstract

Indonesia is a fast-developing country with huge demand for electricity power. Jokowi’s

administration is committed to its target to achieve 23% in New Renewable Energy by

2025. Building power plants normally is for power production. For renewable energy

power plants particularly bioenergy power plants, it is to utilise resources and waste from

the suitable sources. Cenergi being a sustainable energy company, builds biogas plants

not just solely for electricity production. Sustainable energy is not just producing

renewable energy, but to ensure that the asset does benefits to the local environment

and community, with the ultimate goal of fighting climate change. The business model for

biogas plants provides positive impact directly to the environment by treating wastewater

to substantially lower and considerable parameters to be discharged to the environment.

Cenergi’s workforce is through its local talents; hiring local people to operate the biogas

plant. Positive outtake is that the workforce stays longer, better wellbeing for the

employees and a sense of pride and ownership into their career. This reflects Cenergi’s

role to empower and to become the catalyst of the industry, locally. Cenergi also

participate in community projects, whereby engagements in campaigns to empower rural

communities in terms of income and career, education, and CSR projects. Collaboration

with institution of higher learnings create symbiotic relationship; more research and idea

exchange in renewable energy, and personal capacity development for both the

institution and Cenergi. Cenergi aims to expand what it practiced in Malaysia to Indonesia

so that there will be a winwin collaboration

for all.

Keyword: Biogas power plant; Sustainability; Catalyst; local development; local talents;

POSTER SESSION



Poster Session 1

Life Cycle Analysis and Sustainability of POME as Biodiesel Fuel

Deodata Leela, Syukri M Nur, Galih Rai

Abstract

This study asseses the environmental sustainability of biodiesel production from Palm Oil

Mill Effluent. Net energy balance that comes from a fresh fruit bunch cycle from palm oil

to the resulting liquid waste. If POME is directly discharged into the river it can have an

impact on the environment. The use of POME as biodiesel fuel has begun to be looked at

by the palm oil industry itself for the long-term sustainability of its business. POME

treatment management is very important to ensure a sustainable process in the palm oil

industry. This recommendation was made to improve the environmental performance of

biodiesel from POME which will continue to provide significant benefits for Agribusiness

in Indonesia with a view towards sustainable biodiesel production



Poster Session 2

Biomethane Upgrading by Using Celulose Acetate Modified with Lampung Natural Zeolite Membrane

Angga Kusuma J1*,Dewi. Agustina. I1,3, Agung F1, Simparmin B. Ginting1 , N. L. G. Ratna2,

Udin Hasanudin3,4

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Lampung

2Department of Mathemathic and Science, University of Lampung 3Research and Development Center for Tropical Biomass, University of Lampung

4Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Agriculture Faculty, University of Lampung

* corresponding authors: [email protected]

Abstract

The research of biogas purification using cellulose acetate (CA) membrane modified with

Lampung Natural Zeolite (LNZ) has been carried out. The membrane was made by using

phase inversion method, in varied ratio of acetone solvent concentration to CA 1:2, 1:3,

1:4, 1:5, and 1:6 w/w and zeolite variations on cellulose acetate 10%w b-CA and 20%w b-

CA. The resulting hybrid membrane was then characterized by using FTIR and SEM

analysis. FTIR analysis there are shows a chemical interaction between cellulose acetate

and zeolite. The FTIR analysis reveals that the amount of acetone solvent to CA affect

membrane homogeneity, these results is in agreement with results from SEM analysis.

The results also shows that the high amount of acetone solvent tends to homogeneous of

membrane and zeolite. However, the result of mechanical test show that an increase of

acetone solvent addition can decreases the value of tensile strength. The best membrane

was obtained at CA : Acetone ratio 1 : 3w/w according to mechanical test data. The

performance test reveals that hybrid membrane could be a solution to purify methane

gas from 50,60 % to 70,87% on the composition used ratio CA : Acetone which is 1 : 2 w/w

and zeolite concentration 20%w b-CA, permeability value 0,1548 GPU and selectivity 2,43.

Keywords : Biogas, Cellulose Acetate Membrane, Lampung Natural Zeolite

ENERGY SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY



Energy Security and Sustainability I - 1

Improving Fuel Quality of Rice Straw Through Washing by Using Tofu Wastewater

Siti Suharyatun1, Agus Haryanto1*, Winda Rahmawati1, Usi Zubaidah1

1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Indonesia has a huge potential for rice straw. Most of the straw is burned on land and a

small portion is used as a source of animal feed. Rice straw can be used as a biomass fuel

source. However, rice straw has a very high content of alkaline earth metals (especially K)

which causes problems in the high-temperature conversion process. High ash content also

results in a low calorific value of rice straw as a biomass fuel. One effort to overcome this

problem is to do the washing. This study aims to improve the energetic characteristics of

rice straw by washing using tofu factory wastewater to obtain rice straw with better

energetic properties. The study was carried out by soaking rice straw using tofu

wastewater in up to 24 hours. The parameters measured in the study were moisture

content, volatile solid content, ash content, calorific value, lignocellulose content

(cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), and ash composition. Measurements are carried out

periodically to see patterns of changes in the energetic properties of straw due to leaching

processes. The results showed that leaching of rice straw using tofu wastewater in a short

time could improve the energetic properties of rice straw. This is indicated by the increase

in rice straw heating value from 13.6 MJ to reach 15.77 MJ. Potassium levels can be

reduced from 32% to 2% only in soaking time in less than 5 minutes.

Keywords: rice straw, washing, alkaline metal, ash




Methane Pyrolysis for Sustainable Hydrogen Production: A Review

Muhammad Sigit Cahyono1*

1Universitas Proklamasi 45, Yogyakarta, Indonesia


Abstract

Hydrogen is the most clean energy carrier with a great prospect for future energy system.

Hydrogen produces three times higher quantity of energy during its combustion than any

other fuel on a mass basis. However, hydrogen must be extracted from other abundant

primary energy sources because there is no natural resources of it. Hence, various

hydrogen production method were developed, such as steam reforming of methane,

partial oxydation, coal or biomass gasification, water splitting, and thermo chemical

process. The most promising method is methane decarbonisation by pyrolysis, which

involves the splitting of methane into its molecular components. It convert methane to

pure hydrogen and nano-carbon without producing carbon dioxide (CO2), and can directly

use for fuel cell as well as in internal combustion engine without further purification. This

paper reviews methane pyrolysis process for hydrogen production, including reactor

types, catalyst types, heating sources, and other parameter that influences its efficiency.

This review also presented a model which explore the impact of its implementation in a

hydrogen economy, and evaluated the impact of methane pyrolysis on global emissions

of carbon dioxide and methane.

Keywords: Hydrogen, methane pyrolysis, thermochemical, carbon dioxide emission




Synthesis and Characterization Of NPK SRF Fertilizer for Red Onion by Using Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Char

Era R Finalis1*

1Center for Technology Energy Resources and Chemical Industry, BPPT, Indonesia


Abstract

Red onion (Allium cepa) is considered one of high value vegetables in Indonesia. It is

widely used as herb for various traditional cuisines. Conventional cultivation of red onion

is relied on the application of inorganic fertilizers to boost production and the usage of

synthetic pesticides to protect plants from pests attack. In this research we use NPK slow

release fertilizer for red onion. In making the NPK slow release fertilizer, some main

components that used in order to fulfill the need of nitrogen (N), phosphor (P), and

potassium (K), were urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP), and potassium chloride (KCL).

Zeolite was also used as a matrix to increase the character of the fertilizer. NPK slow

release fertilizer can be synthesized from char. Char resulted from the gasification of

empty fruit bunch (EFB) called as EFB char. It is a potential source of some components

that can be used as a material in the production of NPK fertilizer. The purpose of this

research was to synthesis and characterization of NPK slow release fertilizer (SRF) for red

onion by using EFB char. Some micronutrients were added including Mg (MgSO4 fertilizer)

and S (ZA fertilizer) to support the growth of red onion plant. The NPK SRF char fertilizer

were characterized including moisture content test, surface area and pore volume, and

also morphology test.

Keywords: biomass, ash, NPK




Utilization of Liquid Smoke Produced from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches to Preserve Tofu

Muhammad Faisal1*, Asri Gani, Farid Mulana1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.

*Corresponding author:[email protected]

Abstract

One of the biggest industries in Indonesia, is the oil palm industry, which produces a lot

of waste biomass such as, palm kernel shells, frond, and empty fruit bunches whose

resources are not properly utilized. One of the methods to exploit the potential biomass

of oil palm waste in Indonesia is the pyrolysis of empty fruit bunches to produce liquid

smoke. Liquid smoke contains compounds that function as an anti-bacterial and

antioxidant and can therefore be used as natural food preservatives. The aim of this

research is to utilize liquid smoke resulted from pyrolysis of empty fruit bunches for

natural preservative of tofu. The empty fruit bunches underwent pyrolysis in a slow-

pyrolysis reactor at 300°C–380°C. The resulting liquid smoke was then distilled at a

temperature of 190°C. The liquid smoke was then used to preserve tofu (by soaking into

liquid smoke) at a variety of concentrations, including 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%.The efficacy

of preserving the tofu using liquid smoke was assessed through TVB (total volatile base)

analysis and organo leptic testing. The results showed that the TVB value was still

acceptable up to 48 hours (about 20 mgN/g). TVB value remained below 30 mgN/g,

meaning it was still safe for consumption. The organoleptic testing showed that the liquid

smoke concentration influenced the tofu preservation. At 1-3% liquid smoke

concentration, the tofu still possessed acceptable flavor, taste, color and texture up to 42

hours of soaking. Results of this study showed the potential application of liquid smoke

from empty fruit bunches as an alternative food preservatives.

Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunches, liquid smoke, pyrolysis, natural preservatives,

tofu, total volatile base, organoleptic




Zero Waste Concept in Fruit Waste Anaerobic Digester: Case Study of Biogas Plant Gamping, Yogyakarta

Anggun Rahmada1, Fajar Marendra1, Cahyo Wulandari2, Ria Millati3,

Rochim Bakti Cahyono1,4, Teguh Ariyanto1,4*

1Waste Refinery Center, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada,

2Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 3Department of Food Technology and Food Crops, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, UGM,

4Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada


Abstract

Gamping biogas plant was built in 2011 to solve waste problem from Gemah Ripah fruit

market which generate 4-10 tons waste/day. The digester was design for 4 ton/day and

potentially produce 300 Nm3 biogas and 500 kWh for electricity. The electricity is used for

lightening the shops and the road. For 8 years along the installation, unit biogas has been

facilitated with transportation, crusher, anaerobic digester, generator, electricity and

sensor unit. All the facilities are supporting to utilize the biogas. Another side product of

sludge from digestate as by product is just discharge without any application. Here, we

developed zero waste concept to utilize all products of anaerobic digester i.e. biogas to

produce electricity and biogas sludge as fertilizer. The liquid fertilizer potentially support

the sustainability of the unit biogas from economic value of vegetables product or liquid

fertilizer itself. Biogas produced from fruit waste contains 59% methane and 37% carbon

dioxide (average from one year). The cumulative production for a half year monitoring is

650 Nm3 biogas and generate electricity up to 120 kWh. Biogas slurry effluent was

fermented for two weeks and directly apply as fertilizer. The analysis showed it contains

30% organic carbon with C/N 21.7%, 0.9% N, 4.2% K2O, and 17.8% Ca. This liquid organic

fertilizer could support the growth of vegetative phase, while less support for generative

phase.

Keywords: anaerobic digester, biogas, liquid organic fertilizer, sludge




Biogas Purification using Chitosan-Impregnated Porous Carbon

D P Rahmadani1, A Rahmada2, F Marendra2, H J Rimbawan2, R B Cahyono2,3,

Suherman1, and T Ariyanto2,3*

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2Waste Refinery Center, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada,

3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada


Abstract

Biogas is produced from anaerobic digestion of organic biodegradable materials. However, its application is limited as it contains impurities such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and other impurities. CO2 is present in high concentrations in biogas.Therefore,CO2removal is necessary to increase biogas energy content. Porous adsorbent,such as activated carbon, continues to attract attention for CO2 removal from the biogas. However, separation performance is limited, thus the addition of active site is necessary. In this work, porous carbon mixed with chitosan is used for biogas purification. Modified porous carbon was prepared by impregnating chitosan onto activated carbon with a weight ratio of chitosan to activated carbon of 0:1, 0.1:1, and 0.3:1. The success of the process of impregnation of chitosan into activated carbon was analysed from the results of characterization using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The concentration of CO2 gas in biogas was measured using Gas Chromatography (GC). The result showed that the impregnated of chitosan onto activated carbon (0.1:1 w/w) was better at reducing CO2 in biogas than non-modified porous carbon. The high purity of biomethane up to 95 % was obtained.

Keywords: biogas purification, chitosan, impregnation, porous carbon.




Purificaion of Biogas by CO2 Reduction in Biogas Using Potassium Hydroxide Solution (KOH)

in a Packed Tower

Usi Nur Pamiliani1, Elida Purba1*

1 Chemical Engineering Lampung University, Bandarlampung, Indonesia


Abstract

This research is about absorption of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) in biogas processed from

tapioca waste using a solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as absorbent. The purpose

of this research was to determine the effect of gas flow rate and the flow rate of KOH

solution to the absorption of CO2. The absorption reduces the CO2 content in the biogas,

and therefore the methane CH4increases. As a result, the heating value of the CH4 is also

increase. The research was carried out by using chemical absorption a a packed tower

with diameter of 7.5 cm and the of height 127 cm. The flow rates of KOH flow ratevary

with 1, 2, and 3 liters/minute and a variation of gas flow rate are 2, 3, 4, and 5 liter/minute.

The concentration of KOH was 0.75 M and the contact time was 10 minutes. Analysis of

gas samples of input and output gas was a carried out using Gas Chromatography 2014-

AT SHIMADZU Corp 08128. The results show that the greater the flow rate of gas, the

lower the absorption of CO2. On the other hand, the higher the flow rate of the solvent,

the higher the percentage of absorbed CO2. The highest percentage of absorbed of CO2 is

at a gas flow rate of 2 liters/minute and 4 liters/minute with the percentage absorption

of CO2 of 95.98 and 97.623% respectively. As a result, the purity of biogas is significantly

increased up to 35.256%.

Keywords: absorption, reduction of CO2, KOH




Techno-economic Analysis of Integrated Process Design of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment Coupled with Algae Biomass

Production System

Asesanti Suci Nur Pratami1*, Nugroho Adi Sasongko1, Kega Amalania Salsabiil1,

Wara Dyah Pita Rengga1

1Chemical Engineering, Semarang State University (UNNES), Semarang, Jawa Tengah


Abstract

This paper presents an engineering study of integrated Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by

using algae biomass. POME is wastewater which has high concentration in Biological

Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Organic Compound and GHG

emission. POME is harmful and must be treated before discarding it into environment.

The treatment of POME need high energy and cost. Almost the treatment of POME in

Indonesia using Open Pond. However, the organic compound in POME is suitable for

growing algae biomass. Recently, algae biomass has gained attention as a feedstock for

renewable techonology. POME can supply Organic Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) and

Phosporus (P) as nutrient of growing algae and can improve the economics and

environmental aspects of biorefinery. In this study, economic potential for processing

algae in biorefinery with POME were assessed. Database of total Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB),

and total emission of production were retrieved by palm oil mill in West Java, Indonesia

for 2 years recently. Capital Cost (CAPEX), Operating Cost (OPEX), and Energy Demand

(ED) are calculated for two scenarios. The scenarios are: (1) Processing POME without

algae treatment. (2) Processing POME with algae treatment. The second scenario

indicates that the cost of the treatment is dropped significantly and it might be profitable

to build a biorefinery in every palm oil mill in Indonesia.

Keywords: algae, biorefinery, palm oil mill effluent (POME), process design, techno-

economic




Lations for Methane Gas Production from Cow Dung in the Yogyakarta Region

Joko Nugroho1*, Wahyu Karyadi1

1Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia


Abstract

Cow manure is a waste from livestock which until now has not been utilized optimally.

The large amount of dirt and bad odors is a problem that occurs in cattle farms in

Indonesia. Biogas in the Special Region of Yogyakarta has been developed since 20 years

ago, but rapid development has only occurred in the last 10 years. Various variations of

digester from concrete and fiber materials have been tried in the field. The purpose of

this study was to determine the success rate of bio digester development in the

community. The data observed are the type of reactor, capacity, performance, and

sustainability. In general there are various types of reactors used by the community to

date. In general, all biogas can produce methane gas (more than 60 % methane) that can

be utilized by the population. Biogas concrete has a higher capacity of > 6 m2, while biogas

fiber (4 m2) shows good performance and is accepted by the community. The initial cost

and biogas operational aspects are the main problems in household biogas. Citizen

participation is the key to the successful development of bio digesters in the community.

Keywords: various bio digesters, cattle manure, performance, farmers

BIOENERGY AND BIOFUEL

International Conference on Sustainable Biomass 2019

October 15th – 17th, 2019 EMERSIA Hotel & Resort, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

“ Bioenergy for Rural Development “

Bioenergy and Biofuel II - 1

Analysis of Tropical Fruit Waste Biomass Generation in Indonesian its

Reuse Potential

Anna Brunerová1*, Udin Hasanudin2, Dewi Agustina Iryani2, David Herák1

1Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Prague, Czech Republic

2Tropical Biomass Research Center and Development, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia


Abstract

The following research focuses on analyzing of waste biomass generated thru processing of

specific tropical fruits; such as, Dragon fruit, Duku, Mangosteen and Snake fruit. The amount

(in %) of produced fruit waste biomass (skin, peel) during fruit processing was monitored and

collected waste biomass was subjected to determination of its basic chemical parameters

and elementary composition within its possible utilization as a source of renewable energy.

Averaged determined ratio of generated waste biomass of total fruit mass was following:

Dragon fruit - 35.83%, Duku - 23.48%, Mangosteen - 69.40% and Snake fruit - 15.16%.

Analysis of moisture content Mc exhibited high values of such indicator (44.57 - 61.70%) and

satisfactory level of ash content Ac (1.15 - 8.23%). Such Mc results may be improved by the

use of solar renewable energy. Elementary composition analysis proved suitable ratio of C:N

(±25-30:1) in case of Dragon fruit and Duku fruit samples, which indicated their suitability as

a natural fertilizer in the form of the compost. In conclusion, investigated specific fruit waste

biomass contributes to the waste production in significant way. There for their sustainable

utilization is necessary and due to the observed data also advantageous (possible highly

advanced source of green energy).

Keywords: fruit skin, renewable energy, sustainable technology, biofuels, waste

management





Biogas Production from Anaerobic Digestion

of Tofu Industry Wastewater

Sanggono Adisasmito1*, Carolus Borromeus Rasrendra1, William Einstein1, Utomo Putera1

1 Chemical Engineering Department Institut Teknologi Bandung

* Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Tofu is a traditional food of Indonesia that is processed from soybean. Each 1 kg of soybean

processed into tofu, it generates liquid waste of 17 L. Tofu liquid waste generally contains

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 30,000-40,000 mg/L and becomes a good feedstock for

biogas production. This research aims to determine the effect of the Hydraulic Retention

Time (HRT) of the anaerobic decomposition of tofu liquid waste on production biogas and

the level of COD content reduction in waste. The highest biogas production was achieved

with the HRT 6 days and the biogas average production is 0.11 L/day. The components

measured in the biogas produced are Methane (13.08% -mol), carbon dioxide (33.34% -mol),

and non-combustible component (53.58% -mol), with the average heating value 4.68 MJ/m3.

The highest level of COD reduction was achieved in the HRT of 8 days, with the COD reduction

from 16,5 mg / L to 8,0 mg / L (51.3%).

Keywords: biogas, COD, hydraulic retention time, tofu wastewater, anaerobic digestion





Characterization of Mixed Biodiesel

and Petrodiesel as Transportation Fuel

Atti Sholihah1, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo1, Asmi Rima Juwita1,

Fusia Mirda Yanti1, Hens Saputra1*

1The Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology– Indonesia


Abstract

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that can be used as a substitute for diesel oil. Biodiesel is the

prospective renewable energy due to its advantages such as biodegradable, less toxic

pollutants, essentially free of sulfur and aromatics. Biodiesel has virtually the same energy

efficiency and becoming an increasingly affordable option relative to petroleum diesel. There

are some disadvantages of biodiesel such as vulnerable to water contamination, lower

energy content as well as having problems at low temperatures. Biodiesel can be synthesized

from variety vegetable oil. The result of biofuel amount of vegetable oil may vary too.

Biodiesel can be blended and used in many different concentrations. This is a study of

blending biodiesel from Palm oil, Jatropha oil and Canola oil with petroleum diesel. The

comparison various compositions between each biodiesel and petrodiesel are 0, 10, 15, 20,

25, 30, 40, and 100. Characterization of biodiesel and its blended oil with petrodiesel was

conducted according to ASTM method. The water content of the initial biodiesel is higher

than petroleum diesel. The density of the mixture of petroleum biodiesel and diesel in various

compositions is still in the standard biodiesel and petroleum diesel density specifications. The

increase in biodiesel percentage in the mixture increases the value of mixed viscosity. The

oxidation stability of the biodiesel mixture is lower with increasing biodiesel percentage. The

flash point of biodiesel and petroleum diesel blends is getting higher with increasing biodiesel

percentage.

Keywords: biodiesel, blending diesel, canola oil, jatropha oil, oxidation stability, palm oil





Chemical Modifications of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell by COMB Method

Nyahu Rumbang1*, Karelius2, Made Dirgantara3, Komang Gde Suastika3

1Department of Agriculture Cultivation, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia

2Department of Chemistry, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia 3Department of Physics, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Indonesia

*Corresponding author:[email protected]

Abstract

Torrefaction is a thermochemical process to improve the properties of biomass as a solid

fuel. In addition to biomass as fuel, the torrefaction process has also produced a by-product

in the form of liquid smoke from condensation results. In this study, an analysis of

lignocellulose and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) on torrefied palm kernel

shells with a condition of passing 0.5 cm sieve using the COMB: Counter Flow Multi-buffle

method at a temperature of 250 oC with a heat flow rate of 4 cm3/min and GC-MS were

analyzed in the form of liquid smoke. After torrefaction, hemicellulose decreased from 20.6%

to 8.52%, cellulose 38.40% to 22.18% and lignin from 20.75% to 18.36%. The results of

lignocellulose analysis were supported by FTIR analysis of palm kernel shells and torrefied

palm kernel shells showed torrefaction temperature of 250 oC torrefaction did not change

the structure of lignocelluloses, only reduced the content of lignocellulose. GC-MS analysis

of liquid smoke, which showed that at the temperature of 250 oC of volatile organic

compounds (VOC) the results of the torrefaction process was condensed as liquid smoke

were mostly acetic acid (62.16%), alkanal (24.24%), phenol (10.41%), alcoholic compounds

other than phenol (1.24%) and poly saccharides (1.95%). The levels of acetic acid, aldehyde,

and phenol were dominant in the condensate oftorrefaction shows that the lignocellulose

component which was dominantly degraded during torrefaction at a temperature of 250 oC

were hemicellulose, cellulose followed by lignin degradation.

Keyword : Torrefaction, palm kernel, cellulose





Drying Effectiveness of Oil Palm Empty Bunches as a Renewable Energy Source

Using “Teko Bersayap” Model Solar Dryer

Ridwan Yahya1*, Yuwana Yuwana1, Budiyanto Budiyanto1

1Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Bengkulu, Indonesia


Abstract

Indonesia's fossil energy sources are decreasing over time, therefore renewable energy

sources are needed. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) are very abundant waste from oil palm

plantations. In 2010, the waste was recorded at around 20.2 - 25.2 million tons. The waste

can be used as a renewable energy source, for example for making charcoal or briquettes.

Constraints in the utilization of the wastes are high moisture content and bulky, which can

reduce the calorific value and require a large storage area. The maximum moisture content

that can be obtained by drying using the sunlight is 12-15%. The best drying method is the

drying klin. In the method, the moisture content can be minimized up to 0%, because the

temperature, humidity and air flow can be controlled. The weakness of the method is the

high cost of purchasing a dryer. Our team is developing a solar system drying method called

"Alat Pengering Tenaga Surya Teko Bersayap". This study aims to examine the effectiveness

of the dryer in reducing the moisture content of the EFB. The results showed that within 8

hours the sun shone, the dryer was able to reduce the moisture content of the EFB from 82%

to 3%.

Keywords: energy, dryer, EFB, renewable, moisture content





Lignocellulosic Analysis of Corncob Biomass by Using Non-Thermal Pulsed Electric Field-NaOH Pretreatment

A. W. Putranto1, S. H. Abida2, and K. Adrebi2

1 Bioprocess Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia 2 Biotechnology, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract

In recent years, the second generation bioethanol and advanced bio-based material

production from biomass are focused on the pretreatment process by separating cellulose

components from other components such as lignin and hemicellulose. Therefore, a

physicochemical pretreatment method is needed by applying non-thermal pulsed electric

field (PEF) and alkali methods to increase the cellulose availabilities with a short process and

low energy input. The aim of this study was to analyze the lignocellulose content of corncob

biomass by using non-thermal pulsed electric fields (PEF) and NaOH pretreatment. The

pretreatment factors used were the electric field strength of PEF and the pretreatment time.

Analysis of the structure and elements of the lignocellulose based on the characteristics of

the gravimetric method and SEM-EDX for control and treated samples. The results showed

that pretreatment of corncobs biomass by using PEF optimally at an electric field strength of

9 kV/cm and pretreatment time of 60 seconds that was increasing cellulose of 40.59% when

compared with the control and also decreasing the hemicellulose and lignin content of 12.9%

and 2.02%, respectively. Under these conditions, the energy per pulse and specific input

energy of PEF required 0.0205 J and 8.72 kJ/L, respectively. The microstructure analysis by

using SEM-EDX showed significantly visual differences and was an increase in the percentage

of C and O atoms between untreated and treated samples. Furthermore, the corncob

biomass treated by using non-thermal PEF and alkali can effective and efficient for the next

process into cellulose-derived products.

Keyword : cellulose, Corncob Biomass, Lignocellulosic





Methane Production from Patchouli Oil Distillery Waste Using Dry

Batch and Wet Semi-continuous Anaerobic Digestion

D. A. Prameswari1, A. N. Rahmah1, R. Millati1*, R. Wikandari1, M. N. Cahyanto1, Lukitawesa2, C. Niklasson3, M. Taherzadeh2

1Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

2Swedish Center for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden 3Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology,

Gothenburg, Sweden


Abstract

Patchouli oil distillery waste (PODW) was used as substrate for methane production in dry

batch and wet semi-continuous anaerobic digestion (AD). In wet semi-continuous AD, the

system was operated with recirculation of effluent. Two reactors with 300 mL of working

volume were operated for 45 days in three moderate stepwise-increased organic loading

rates (OLR), which are OLR 0.5, 1, and 2 g VS/(L.day).The results showed that wet semi-

continuous AD with recirculation reactor produced a highest methane at OLR 1 (g VS/L.day)

with the values of 41.66 (Nml/g VS/L day), whereas the further increased of OLR resulted a

decline in methane production caused by effect of patchouli alcohol content in PODW which

act as inhibitor. In dry batch AD, 3 different VS of PODW with values are1.5 g VS; 3 g VS; and

6 g VS, were mixed with inoculum, then distilled water was added to adjust the TS content in

the reactor to 17% TS; 12%; 20%; 15%; 26%; and 21%. The experiment was conducted for 45

days. The result of dry AD showed that the highest methane yield was obtained in PODW TS

17% (1.5 g VS).

Keyword : PODW, Methane, Dry Batch, Wet Semi-continuous





Potential of Biomass Fuel from Oil Palm Empty

Fruit Bunch Pellet

Agus Haryanto1, Udin Hasanudin1, Dewi Iriyani Agustina2, Wahyu Hidayat1,

Mareli Telaumbanua1, Amrul Amrul2, Sugeng Triyono1

1Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Indonesia 2Faculty of Engineering, University of Lampung, Indonesia


Abstract

Indonesia is the largest producer of crude palm oil (CPO) in the world with a contribution of

46.6%. The process of extracting CPO in palm oil mills also produces large amounts of waste,

both solid and liquid waste. Solid waste includes oil palm empty bunches (20.0–23.0%), fiber

(12–13%), palm shells (5–6%), boiler ash (0.5–0.6% %); while palm oil mill effluent reaches

0.77–0.84 m3/ton FFB. All fibers plus 50% of the shell are used as fuel in power plants and

steam boilers. All OPEFB fibers are returned to the land either as compost or mulch, while

POME is applied to the land after passing through processing in a series of ponds. Negative

issues regarding plantation and environmental developments force us to seek better

utilization of palm oil mill waste to produce value-added products. This paper discusses the

potential of oil palm empty bunches pellets as biomass fuels. The study was conducted by

observing the process of making OPEFB pellets at PT. Toba Hijau Synergi, Tebing Tinggi, North

Sumatra, where OPEFB pellets are made in two types based on their working pressure,

namely 1X (single press) and 2X (double press) pellets made with pressure 55 and 90 MPa,

respectively. Analysis and testing were carried out to determine the characteristics of pellets,

namely proximate and ultimate analysis (specific gravity, water content, ash content,

lignocellulose composition, calorific value), compressive test (strength), SEM

(microstructure), XRF (ash composition), and equilibrium water content. The results showed

that OPEFB pellets made using the double pressed method (90 MPa) had stronger

characteristics than the pellets produced by the single pressed method (55 MPa). Double

press pellets have a diameter of 8.68 mm with mass density of 1.55 ton/m3, bulk density

0,686 ton/m3. The pellets, however, showed high content in potassium (26.57–46.46%) and

silica (29.35%) that are undesired for high temperature energy conversion systems. With

calorific value of 15.82 MJ/kg, OPEFB pellet has a great potential for for biomass fuel not only

for small to middle scale industries like tofu processing and corn drying, but also for large

industries like coffee processing.

Keywords: biomass pellet, palm oil, renewable, sustainable





The Effect of H2SO4 and NaOH in Delignification of Bioethanol

Production from Coconut Husk Using Simultaneous Saccharification Fermentation Method

Asyeni Miftahul Jannah1*, Novia, Elda Melwita1, Titi Lahanda Susanti1,

Nuraini Dewi Pratiwi1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sriwijaya University, South Sumatera,

Indonesia


Abstract

Very high fossil fuels needed were not accompanied by the availability of fuels that still exist

today. Limitations of fossil fuels are included in global issues and need to be tackled in several

ways, one of way is creating an alternative fuel that can be refurbished, where the availability

is unlimited, has relatively low prices and having good quality compared to fossil fuels.

Alternative energy simple and has been developed nowadays is bioethanol. Bioethanol can

be used as a substitute fuel for gasoline and is made from various types of plants and waste.

Bioethanol can be produced from agricultural waste that contained high celluloses such as

coconut husk. Coconut husk is a plant that widely available in nature but used commercially.

In this study aimed to determine the amount of H2SO4 used in delignification process in the

first step of bioethanol production. Then the coconut husk gradually hydrolysed and

fermented in the Simultaneous Saccharification and fermentation process. After purification,

the glucose and bioethanol products were analysed. From this study, the results showed the

highest content of cellulose and lignin in coconut husk was 18.7775% and 54.2492% at a

concentration of 13% H2SO4 solution. The highest glucose content obtained at the

concentration of 13% H2SO4 solution was 13.2290 ppm. The highest bioethanol produced by

sample of coconut husk with using 13 % of H2SO4 delignification and 10 ml of enzyme in the

Simultaneous Saccharification and fermentation process which was 42.6333 %.

Keyword : Delignification, Bioethanol, Coconut Husk, Saccharification Fermentation

Method





Characterization and Analysis of Cassava Stems as Potential Biomass

for Bio-Oil Production via Electromagnetic-Assisted Catalytic Liquefaction

L Lismeri1*, M Anggraini1, A Sudarno1 and Y Darni1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Lampung University, Lampung, Indonesia


Abstract

The production of bio-oil from biomass as renewable sources has been trusted as a suitable

alternative in supplying future energy needs. Present in abundance amounts as crop residues

cassava stems is potential biomass to be utilized. As raw material, it has advantages such as

fast and easy growth, minimal maintenance and utilizing plantation land without competing

with food supply. The biomass characterization results showed cassava stems containing

cellulose, hemi cellulose and lignin, respectively 40.16, 25.66 and 16.65%. Cassava stems has

low ash and high of volatile matter with high carbon and low nitrogen. The HHV of cassava

stems was 19.08 MJ/kg. Physical properties by GC-MS tests of bio-oil produced via

electromagnetic-assisted catalytic liquefaction (EA-CL) revealed the dominant content were

5-methyl furfural, 2-furancarboxaldehyde and acetic acid. The bio-oil density ranged from

0.979 to 0.984 g/mL and has a pH of 2.8. This shows that cassava stem was appropriate

biomass for further bio-oil production feedstock. Bio-oil produced by EA-CL process meets

bio-oil standards.

Keywords : biomass, bio oil, liquefaction, GC-MS





Integrated Process Design of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment

Coupled with Algae Biomass Production System

Kega Amalania Salsabiil1*, Nugroho Adi Sasongko1, Asesanti Suci Nur Pratami1,

Wara Dyah Pita Rengga1

1 Semarang State University, Semarang, Indonesia


Abstract

For over a decade, Indonesia has been the world’s largest palm oil producer with over 900 of

palm oil mill, owned by public and private companies. Every year, the production of palm oil

in Indonesia increases, ergo produces more waste such as empty fruit bunch (EFB) and

effluents. Big amount of water needed for the sterilization process for the fresh fruit bunch

(FFB), but almost 70% of the water from the sterilization process become Palm Oil Mill

Effluent (POME) and go to an effluent pond. Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is a harmful waste

because it is high in COD and BOD, organic compounds and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission

and needs to be treated before it can be discarded into the environment, but the treatment

for POME in Indonesia is currently not fully utilized. To fully utilize the produced POME,

several ways can be conducted and those are using green algae such as Chlorella sp.,

Botryococcus braunii and Nannochloropsis sp. to produce Algal Oil using organic compounds

in POME and to substitute additional nitrogen and phosphate as its nutrients, treating POME

in a biorefinery plant, and to study whether it will be profitable to build a biorefinery in every

palm oil mill in Indonesia. Sample and data of POME is obtained from 2 palm oil mill

specifically from PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII, Cikasungka and Kertajaya plant, and the

whole process is simulated using Aspen Plus software.

Keywords: algae, effluent, nutrient, palm oil, POME





Production of Bioethanol from Palm sap (Arengapinnata MERR) Using

Fermentation and Distillation Technology

Ansar1* and Nazaruddin2

1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry, University of

Mataram, Indonesia 2Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry,

University of Mataram, Indonesia


Abstract

Palm sap (Arengapinnata MERR) is a type of palm tree that grows in tropical forests,

especially in South and Southeast Asia. There are 3000 species of palm and they are

categorized as multi purpose trees because they can be used as raw materials for various

products, such as sugar making, fermented drinks, syrup, palm wine, vinegar, alcohol and

bioethanol. This study aims to examine the production process of bioethanol from palm sap

using fermentation and distillation technology. The research sample was obtained from local

farmers in Pusuk Lombok, Indonesia. The research parameters included the change in pH,

color, and ethanol content. The results showed that the change in pH value of palm sap

during storage was caused by the growth of microorganisms to produce organic acids by

releasing hydrogen ions. As values pH decreased, L* and b* values also decreased

significantly, but there was no significant change in a* values. During the fermentation

process there was a change of glucose to ethanol. The higher the percentage of inoculum

used, the higher the volume of ethanol obtained. The amount of ethanol of palm sap before

fermentation was 32.3% and after 24 hours incubation, ethanol content increased to 75.6%.

Keywords: bioethanol, distillation, fermentation, inoculums, palm sap





Life Cycle Analysis of Civet Coffee in Ijen Plateau Area of Bondowoso, East Java – Indonesia

Soni Sisbudi Harsono 1*

1 Keris REKAYASA ALSIN, Department of Agricultural Engineering,

Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Jember – Indonesia 68121


Abstract

Civet coffee is one of Indonesia's distinctive coffee products that has become a worldwide

brand image, where Indonesia is the first country known as a producer of this unique coffee.

Since the Dutch colonial era, Indonesia has been a mongoose coffee-producing country.

Based on cultivar raw materials, there are 2 types of civet coffee that are widely circulating

in the market, namely Arabica civet coffee and Robusta Civet coffee. Each civet coffee has

different chemical characteristics from one another. Chemical compounds contained in

coffee beans are very influential on the flavor and aroma of steeping coffee. Therefore, with

the difference in chemical characteristics that make the taste of Arabica civet coffee taste

better than robusta civet coffee. When the coffee beans are in the digestive system of the

mongoose (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), a natural fermentation process occurs by enzymes

and bacteria at a temperature level of 24-26 ° C for approximately 10 hours, where the

digestive mongoose is only able to process the flesh of the coffee fruit into feces , while the

coffee beans are not digested and still remain intact when it comes out with the stool. In the

fermentation process, chemical events occur which are very useful in the formation of flavor

of coffee bean flavor, namely the formation of flavor precursor compounds such as amino

acids and reducing sugars. The natural fermentation process provides a change in the

different chemical composition of coffee beans, which can improve the quality of the flavor

of civet coffee to be different from ordinary coffee, so that civet coffee has a taste and aroma

that is more specific and more special than ordinary coffee. System boundaries were defined

to include all life cycle steps: from coffee growing through to its distribution to consumers,

consumption and disposal. The aim of the study is to identify t in the stages of the product’s

life cycle in which environmental improvements are easily achievable and to suggest

alternatives to minimize the environmental impact of production phases, thereby improving

processes and company performance.

Keywords: Civet coffee, brand image, civet fesses, life cycle, environmental impact

ENERGY EFFICIENCY




Energy Efficiency III - 1

Performance of Biogas Production from Coffee Pulp Waste with Cow

Dung and Cattle Rumen Fluid as Inoculum in a Batch Reactor

T. Widjaja1*, A. Altway1, S. Nurkhamidah1, T. Iswanto1, E. Grady1

1 Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia


Abstract

Production of biogas from coffee pulp waste is one of the potential attempts to provide

alternative energy in Indonesia. As a leading commodity in Indonesia, the coffee produced

the residual waste from its processing such as the pulp waste (include the exocarp, mesocarp,

and endocarp). The waste contains the toxic agent such as caffeine, tannin, and free phenols

which can inhibit the biogas production. Therefore, in this study, the biological pretreatment

using civet feces (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) was performed. The performance and kinetic

of biogas formation from the coffee pulp (with and without pretreatment) using cow dung

and a mixture of rumen fluid and cow dung as inoculum have been investigated. Biogas

production was done anaerobically for 40 days at mesophilic temperature (37 oC) in a reactor

with a working volume of 3.6 liters. Measured parameters included the inhibitor

components, TS, VS, COD, production of biogas, and kinetic parameters. This study reveals

that the pretreatment using civet feces could reduce the inhibitor compounds in the coffee

pulp waste leading to produce methane in higher concentration than those without

pretreatment. The digester containing pretreated coffee pulp with cow dung and rumen fluid

addition showed the best performance of biogas formation. Kinetic parameters which were

obtained from the fourth digester were k (0.0446 day-1), Y (0.056 g cells/g substrate),

μm (0.0688 day1), Ks (25.2359 g/L), and ym (43.299).

Keyword : Biogas, Coffee Pulp Waste, Batch Reactor





Characterization of Modified Lampung Natural Zeolite

with Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for Adsorption Industrial Tapioca Wastewater

Darmansyah1*, Simparmin Br. Ginting1, Dewi Agustina Iryani1, Ratna Puspita Sari1, Didik Supriyadi2

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

2 Departemnt of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia


Abstract

This research was observed on the CTAB modified Lampung Natural Zeolite (ZMS). The aim

is to improve the adsorption capacity of tapioca wastewater. This zeolite modification

process has several steps, starts with Lampung Natural Zeolite (ZAL or LNZ) pretreatment,

LNZ activation by NH4Cl, and ends up with adding CTAB in four different of concentrations;

0.5 mM, 1 mM, 10 mM, and 100 mM. Resulting from ZMS was characterized by FTIR, XRD,

SEM, and BET. FTIR results showed that the modification of ZAL with CTAB was successfully

carried out on all variations of concentration. All of the ZMS formed has asymmetric and

symmetric vibrations –CH2 which shows the presence of CTAB crystals and methylene

scissoring. According to the figures shown by XRD results, CTAB modified zeolite for all

concentration variations showed several peaks with 2θ diffraction angles that were identical

to the peak identities of clinoptilolite and albite. The SEM results showed that ZMS has an

identical morphological structure consists of crystals and slightly amorphous. Based on the

material performance in adsorbing tapioca wastewater, the highest percentage of COD

reduction was found in ZMS 4 adsorption with a pore average size of 74.9755 Å, surface area

of 10.893 m2/g is 48.8%.

Keywords: Adsorption, CTAB modified natural zeolite, synthesis, tapioca wastewater





Leaching Alkali and Alkali Earth Metal from Oil Palm Empty Fruit

Bunch Using Cassava Wastewater

Lydia Mawar Ningsih1, Agus Haryanto1*, Udin Hasanudin1, Sugeng Triyono1

1Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, University of Lampung


Abstract

Empty fruit bunch (EFB) of palm oil is abundant by-product resulted from crude palm oil

(CPO) extraction process having great potential for bioenergy application. However, EFB has

high content of alkali and alkali earth metals such potassium (K) and silicca that result in

negative impact on boiler like ash deposit, corrosive, slagging and fouling during combustion.

One of the solutions to to improve fuel quality of EFB is by using wastewater from cassava

mill for leaching treatment to reduce its mineral content. It is expected that in addition to

fuel quality improvement of EFB, the wastewater is also improved in term of fertilizer. It is

expected that this method will improve fuel quality of EFB. In addition, cassava wastewater

is expected to increase its quality as irrigation water. The aim of this study is to obtain the

best combination of soaking time and cassava waste water condition in reducing alkali and

alkali earth metal content of EFB. Fresh cassava waste water and effluent waste water from

biogas digester were used to wash EFB at a ratio of EFB and waste water 1:40 (w/v). EFB

analysis was performed at different soaking durations, namely T0 (control), T1 (5 min.), T2

(30 min.), T3 (60 min.), T4 (90 min.), T5 (120 min.), T6 (12 hours), and T7 (24 hours). Results

showed that cassava waste water was more effective to wash metal content in the EFB as

compared to biogas digester effluent. Using cassava waste water, sodium (K) rapidly

decreased from 67.04% to 20.72% in only 30 min; Cl decreased from 8.53% to 0.31% in 90

min. Result also indicated that soaking EFB in cassava waste water is effective to reduce ash

content from 5.97% to 1.13% in only 30 min. The method of leaching treatment, however,

did not significantly affect the change in pH both waste water. Cassava waste water was also

ineffective to reduce Ca, Si, and Mg.

Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunch, cassava waste water, leaching, sodium





Microaeration Technique to Enhance The Performance of Anaerobic

Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

Sri Ismiyati Damayanti1*, Sarto Sarto1, Chandra Wahyu Purnomo1, Wiratni Budhijanto1

1Universitas Gadjah Mada


Abstract

Palm oil is one of fast growing commodities in Indonesia. However, the palm oil mill effluent

(POME) liquid waste from the palm oil industry is very disturbing. POME is difficult to be

treated because of its high organic content and acidic pH. Moreover, the amount of POME

produced is quite large reaching 3.05 tons / ton CPO. More effective and efficient POME

treating is needed. This research was conducted to study the effects of micro-aeration on the

anaerobic digestion of POME in Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactors (AFBR).The experiments

were run in 4 batch AFBR with working volume of 1600 mL. Each reactor was filled with 400

mL POME as the substrate and 1200 mL of inoculum. Two reactors used zeolite of Bayah as

immobilized media, while the other two used zeolite of Tasikmalaya. Prior to data collection,

all reactors were flushed using a mixture of 85% v/v N2 and 15% v/v CO2 to ensure no oxygen

environment. All reactors were run with periodic injection of air 35 mL/hour. The results

showed that air injection accelerated sCOD digestion and led to higher sCOD removal. In

addition, with controlled air injection in the anaerobic reactor, precisely the methane content

in the biogas produced was higher.

Keywords: Palm Oil Mill Effluent; Anaerobic Digestion; Microaeration; Zeolite; AFBR





Pairing Coconut and Candlenut Oil as Feed Supplement

in Low Protein Diet with Addition Se on Feed Efficiency of Red Nile Fish (Oreochromis Niloticus)

Kiki Haetami1, Junianto1, and Abun2

1Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia 2Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia


Abstract

This study aims to determine feed efficiency of low protein formula (28%) containing fat and

selenium supplement and to get the ratio and type of fat (saturated and unsaturated)

compared with high protein (32%), in feed of red nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerling

phase. The preparation stage found that pairing coconut fat supplements were dominated

by saturated fatty acid as lauric (42.67%), whereas candlenut fats contained unsaturated

fatty acids, linoleic (34.4%) and oleic (48.99%) so the use of candlenut oil (0%, 2% and 4%)

can increase the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in feed. Treatments consist 6x3 with

Completely Randomized Design by ratio of source of unsaturated fat and saturated fat with

mineral addition Se. R1was low protein (28%) feed without supplements; R2 and R3were low

protein feed containing ratio of unsaturated-saturated fat 1:1 (mixture of oil) without and

with addition of Se, and then R4 1:2 (pairing coconut oil); 2:1 (candlenut oil) and R6 high

protein (32%) without of fat supplements. Parameters observe were physiological status

(hematologic and digestive) for tilapia health.The main research (feeding trial) showed that

low protein feed containing ratio of unsaturated-saturated fat 1:1 (pairing coconut and

candlenut mixed-oil were 2% of each) with the addition of selenium 0.15 ppm, was the best

feed efficiency in tilapia ranged from 50.14-57.93% or feed conversion and protein efficiency

ratio 1.72 - 2.06.

Keywords : pairing coconut, candlenut, selenium, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, red nile tilapia.





The Effect of Alkaline Pretreatment on Biogas Productivity and Kinetic

from Cocoa Pod Husk Waste Using Batch Reactor

T Widjaja1, *, S Nurkhamidah1, A Altway1, KLaksmi1, B Gusdyarto1, T Iswanto1

1 Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia

*Corresponding author : [email protected]

Abstract

Cocoa pod husk (CPH) as a potential plantation waste was used for the biogas production.

Pretreatment using NaOH (N), NaOH with addition of H2O2 simultaneously (NHs)and

consecutively (NHc) were carried out to remove lignin content in CPH and enhance methane

yield. 2% NaOH was used for N pretreatment for 30 minutes at 121oC. In other hand, NaOH

with H2O2 concentration of 5% (w/w) was used for NHs and NHc pretreatment for 75

minutes in shaker incubator (30oC, 130 rpm) where the pH was set at 11.5 using 6 M NaOH.

All pretreatment was done in three different biomass concentrations (5, 10, 15%). The

highest delignification of 79.26%, 91.73% and 89.09% were obtained from N, NHS and NHc

pretreatment, respectively. Biogas production from CPH pretreated NHS resulted in higher

methane yield (0.0389 m3CH4/kgVS) than other pretreatments which 181.76% improvement

corresponding to non-pretreatment CPH and the productivity was 0.0009m3CH4/kgVS.day.

Kinetic study for each variable using the modified Gompertz equation was investigated and

the coefficient of determination (R2) values above 0.99 were obtained

Keyword : Cocoa pod husk, Biogas, Kinetic, Batch Reactor





Effect of Annealing and Ananealing Of Cellulose Acetate (CA)

Membrane Modified with Lampung Netural Zeolite (LNZ) to Improve Performance in Separation of CO2/CH4 Biogas

Arief Prasetyo1, Dewi Agustina Iryani1,2, Udin Hasanudin2,3, S.Br. Ginting1

1Departement of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Lampung

2Research and Development Center for Tropical Biomass, University of Lampung 3Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Agriculture Faculty, University of Lampung

Abstract

Cellulose acetate (CA) membrane modifiedwithLampung Natural Zeolite (LNZ) is used for

biogas upgrading process. The CA/LNZ membranes with ratio of cellulose acetate: acetone 1:

3 w/w were prepared via phase inversion by dispersing 20% LNZfine particles in the CA

casting solution. The membranes were annealed at temperatures of 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 ˚C in varied time of 1, 2, and 3 minutes. The performance tests such as membrane

permeability and selectivity were carried out by using Gas Chromatography analysis. Further,

the membrane morphology, crystallinity and pore distribution test were conducted by using

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Bruneaur, Emmet and teller

methods (BET). The results showed that the annealing treatment affectedthe morphology,

crystallinity and pore distribution of membrane. The characteristics of membrane which was

annealed in high temperatures produced a more dominant skin dense membrane, high

percentage of cristalinity but small porous distribution. This result showed that the annealing

process on CA-LNZmodified membrane affected the physical characteristic of the membrane.

The highest methane content of LNZ-modified cellulose acetate membrane without annealed

was 83.40% with permeability value of 0.10 GPU and selectivity of 4.36. The highest

crystallinity owned by the annealing membrane with the temperature it’s around 100 ˚C is

42.104%. Effect of annealing membrane affected the percentage of membrane crystallinity

so that it will improve the structure of the membrane to be stronger, but not always the high

crystallinity value is direcly proportional to the ability of membranes in membrane

separation. As sa result of pore distribution at 40 ˚C until 80 ˚C would cause a further

shringkage of the void between nodule aggregates along with a slight reduction of the

distance between intra molecular chains. The tendency decrease from annealing membrane

at 40 ˚C is 2.705 nm to membrane with annealing of 80 ˚C is 2.677 nm.

Keywords: Biogas, CA membrane, LNZ-modified, Annealing





Emulating Excitation System of a Biomass-based Micro Steam Turbine

Generator

Khairudin1, Amirudin1, Lukmanul Hakim1, Herri Gusmedi1, Udin Hasanudin2, Agus Haryanto3

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lampung, Indonesia

2Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Indonesia 3Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Indonesia

Abstract

Micro steam turbine generator is commonly found for converting energy from biomass

sources to electricity. This work is part of a work in developing an emulator platform that

allows user to perform various scenarios of a micro-grid system. These scenarios include

different electricity generating units and various loading situations. In order to be able to

experiment with various system conditions and types of such generator, an emulator based

on arduino controller is proposed. This Arduinoplatform allows flexibility to the user to adjust

system settings and adapting to the required controller response of certain type of

generators. Hence, various system conditions can be emulated in the laboratory for further

study and analysis. This paper specifically focuses on the excitation of such biomass-based

generator. An arduino-driven power supply was applied to control the electromagnetic field

of a synchronous machine experimented in this work. Typically, electromagnetic field was

controlled by adjusting the field current. In this work, the field was directly controlled by

regulating voltage source of the exciter using pulse width modulation signal. In the

development of this emulator, an AC induction motor was used to mimic the prime mover of

the generator system, coupled with synchronous electric generator. Various loads were

utilized to capture responses of the developed controller. These loads included induction

motor, lightings, and combinations of resistors and inductors for emulating different power

factors of the loads. The proportional integral differential (PID) control was adopted in the

emulator and capable of emulating various models of generator voltage controller. Different

PID settings were exercised in the laboratory. The developed system was then tested in the

laboratory. Results of the experiment using some loading conditions showed this kind of

excitation method is capable of mimicking the real synchronous generator excitation system.

Since various brands of generator unit may be used in the power plant and each of them has

certain characteristics of response, this emulator also has the capability to follow that

response characteristic by adjusting the PID parameters.

Keyword : turbine generator, Biomass





PERFORMANCE TEST OF COMPOST BIOFILTER IN REDUCING H2S

CONTENT ON BIOGAS FROM WASTE WATER TAPIOCA INDUSTRY

Lathifa Indraningtyas1*, Udin Hasanudin1, Darmansyah2

1Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia

2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia


Abstract

The process of tapioca wastwater utilization into biogas still contains various substances of

polluter, such as hydrogen sulfide (HS). Hydrogen sulfide causes low purity of biogas,

environmental pollution, and corrosive to machine. Biogas purifying process has to be done

to reduce the level of HS biogas. Compost biofilter which contains microbial consortium is

simple, relatively inexpensive, and reliable to reduce HS content. The paper highlighted

performance test of compost biofilter in reducing S content by desulfurization process. This

research was aimed to identify the component of microbial consortium in compost biofilter

and its performance in reducing HS content. Thiobacillus sp. in compost was identified as a

sulfur oxidizing bacteria and was able to reduce HS up to 98% - 100%, with loading rate 1.0;

2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0; 7.0, and 8.0 ml H

Keywords : biogas purification, HS/kg compost.minute, compost biofilter, and Thiobacillus sp.





Study of Green Gasoline Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with Crude Palm

Oil (CPO) as Raw Materials

Nida Nurlivi Fauziyah1*, Eko Prasetyo1*, Nugroho Adi Sasongko1,2*

1Energy Security Graduate Program, Indonesia Defense University (UNHAN), Indonesia

Peace and Security Centre (IPSC), Bogor, Indonesia 2Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Jakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

Abstract

Increased energy use has resulted in increased energy demand throughout the world. One

of them is the increasing demand for fuel (BBM). So that more and more use of fuel will cause

the potential for environmental pollution to increase. Regarding the increasing fuel demand

and commitment to safeguard and preserve the environment, there is a need for

diversification which originally originated from fuel (BBM) to become biofuel (BBN) such as

green gasoline. This study will describe the life cycle assessment of green gasoline by

inventorying the impacts on the environment due to the production and use of green

gasoline. So that it can be used as a recommendation for the commercialization of fuels that

are more environmentally friendly. From the results obtained from inventory and impact

assessments, the environmental impact produced is smaller compared to fossil fuels, namely

conventional gasoline. Although the value of CO2 emissions generated by green gasoline is

higher than conventional with the value of green gasoline CO2 of 93.65 g / MJ and

conventional gasoline CO2 of 88.01 g / MJ So, green gasoline can be commercialized given

the fewer environmental impacts that will arise than fossil fuels.

Keywords: BBM, BBN, Green Gasiline, Impact Assessment, Inventory





Two Stage Pyrolysis with Long Catalyzer Reactor to Produce of

Gasoline Range from Mixed MSW

Indra Mamad Gandidi1*, Apri Wiyono1, Rakensa Satria Ardipamungkas2, Amrul3

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Faculty of Technology and Vocational Education,

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia 2 Student of Department of Mechanical Engineering Education, Faculty of Technology and Vocational

Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lampung, Indonesia

*Correspondent e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Pyrolysis is one of thermal cracking method to convert the hydrocarbon material into liquid

fuel, gaseous fraction and solid fuel (char). The rate of cracking and product yield on the

pyrolysis process to produce liquid fuel are depend on several operation condition including

temperature, reaction time, kind of catalyst and reactor. Therefore, this study was performed

to investigation the effect of catalytic bed temperature (200, 250, 300 oC) and long bed

catalyzer reactor with top and bottom outlet gate to yield and characteristics of light liquid

oil fraction such as gasoline on two step pyrolysis. The activated natural dolomite was

employed in this study and the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) method

and ASTM standard were used to analyse the chemical composition and physical properties

of liquid fuel. The experimental result was showed that the long catalyzer reactor at 250oC

(top yield) with natural dolomite have maximum mass yield around 42 wt% with viscosity

0.789 cSt and it is much better compared without catalyst (20.4 wt%). While, distribution of

hydrocarbon range is C5-C12 (gasoline fraction) of 84.08% pick area, C13-C20 (diesel fraction) of

15.48% pick area and > C20 (heavy weigh fraction) of 0.42% pick area. The gasoline fraction

for thermal cracking without catalyst is 36.42 % pick area and it is a indication that long

catalyzer reactor with activated natural dolomite is very possible to applied for produce of

gasoline range from mixed MSW and subtitute the conventional liquid fuel.

Keywords: pyrolysis, liquid fuel, gasoline, long catalyzer, two stage pyrolysis, natural catalysts





Utilization of Native Extracellular Cellulase from Cultivated Indigenous

Actinomycetes Act-4 on Ionic Liquid Pretreated Bagasse in Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) Ethanol

Heri Satria1*, Yandri1, Nurhasanah1, Aspita Laila1, Suripto Dwi Yuwono1

1Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Lampung, Jl.

Soemantri Brojonegoro No.1 Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia

*correspondence author email: [email protected]

Abstract

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) technology require an understanding

of suitable substrates and the role of the enzyme for high yield and productivity. Although

SSF has been investigated extensively, the detail conditions for SSF of pretreated ionic liquid

bagasse have yet not been in-depth determined. In this study, ionic liquid‐pretreated bagasse

was used as the substrate for the production of ethanol by SSF. Native cellulase enzymes of

selected actinomycetes (Act-4) was utilized in combination with the yeast Saccharomyces

cerevisiae. The effects of the loading mass of pretreated bagasse (5% to 20% w/w) and of

inoculum size were investigated. Initially, the concentration of produced reduction sugar was

evaluated before conducting an ethanol fermentation. The ethanol yield increased with

increasing fermented available sugar on the medium that influenced by Act-4 inoculum size.

The highest ethanol yield, 52% of the theoretical based on the glucose present in the bagasse,

was obtained at 10% substrate concentration. A higher loading mass detected inefficient

hydrolysis process because of insufficient suspension formed, whereas a lower substrate

concentration, 5%, resulted in a low yield. This SSF process was an open opportunity to

develop a one-pot process of lignocellulosic biomass using the identified effective

component to increase productivity.

Keywords: Extracellular Cellulase, Actinomycetes, Ionic Liquid, Simultaneous

Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF)





Techno-economic Analysis of Botryococcus braunii Cultivation in

Biofilm

Nugroho Adi Sasongkoa,b)

aGraduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai,

Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan bAgency for The Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), 10340, Indonesia


Abstract

Botryococcus braunii (B. braunii) is a green freshwater microalga producing a high

concentration of long chain hydrocarbons with the potential to reduce overall energy

requirement in biofuel production. There are many issues associated with liquid based

cultivation of microalgae (e.g. high water and energy requirements). Instead of that, an

alternative cultivation method is solid growth on biofilm, which can reduce energy

requirements and costs associated with the harvesting and dewatering processes. Two

process systems of a modified algal turf system (ATS) and open raceway pond (ORP) were

designed using Superpro Designer 9.0 to investigate the detailed process system and the

techno-economic associated with overall capital and operational costs required in the

cultivation and processing of B. braunii for biofuel production. Similar nutrient, water supply

and recycling were used for both systems with harvesting occurs every 10 days. The average

biomass productivities on the biofilm found to be varied as reported from some references.

The associated production cost has been estimated for three difference ranges; 5.58 g m-2 d–

1, 13.81 g m-2d-1 and 38 g m-2d-1 in biofilm. Meanwhile, biomass productivity around 7.5 g m-

2d–1 in ORP system was used as a comparison. The average lipid content for each system was

assumed similar for at least 14.21%dw. A sensitivity analysis has successfully estimated the

best operational condition and cost ranges for biofilm in order can compete with ORP system.

For the high biofilm productivity 38 g m-2d-1 achieved in the laboratory scale possible to

cultivate in a large commercial scale, resulting in a greater profit potential with Capital

Expenditure (CAPEX) 2,525,131.00 AUD with annual Operational Expenditure (OPEX)

approximately 3,426,546.32 AUD. The biofilm system also significantly reduced freshwater

consumption (up to 6 times) compared with ORP and provided efficient nutrient recycle.

Moreover, a concentrated biomass produced by the biofilm system reduced the costs

associated with harvesting and dewatering around 43%, which is a significant benefit in the

industrial scale production of microalgae. However, the biofilm cultures still need more

improvement in order to increase the productivity in a large commercial scale with a stable

growth and high lipid and hydrocarbon content.

Keywords: biofilm, biofuel, economic analysis, microalgae, integrated process system

mailto:[email protected]

ENERGY CONVERSION AND GREEN POWER TECHNOLOGY

AND ENVIRONTMENT




Energy Conversion and Green Power Technology IV - 1

Numerical Analysis with Simulations for Biomass Gasification

Mahidin1, Erdiwansyah2,Yanna Syamsuddin1, Hamdani3, Hisbullah1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia 2Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Indonesia

3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

Corresponding author: [email protected] and [email protected]

Abstract

The biomass gasification is one of the largest chemical transformation procedures of heat

effectiveness. Numerical simulation is a significant instrument for studying biomass

gasification.The numerical simulation of biomass gasification technologies at work and

overseas is evaluated in this article.At the same moment, two commercial analysis

applications (Aspen Plus and Fluent) applied in chemical processes were primarily

implemented, both of which be there investigated and contrasted.In conclusion, it was

suggested that is a better simulation outcome for biomass gasification could be obtained by

implementing Aspen Plus in combination with Fluent.

Keywords: Simulation, Aspen Plus,Gasification of biomass, numerical, Fluent.

mailto:[email protected]





Biogas Purification by CO2 Reduction in Bubble Column

Using Ca(OH)2 and NaOH

Elida Purba1*, Christine Natalia Y1, Puput Dwi Ratna Sari1

1The Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lampung, Indonesia


Abstract

Reducing the carbon dioxide (CO2) content in a biogas can increase the heating value of it.

This study is about biogas purification process by reducing the CO2 content using Ca(OH)2 and

NaOH solution as the absorbent in a bubble column. The purpose is to determine the effect

of the sparger hole diameter and the height of Ca(OH)2 and NaOH solutions in the column on

the CO2 absorption. The bubble column is made from acrylic with diameter of (2.5; 3.0; and

4.0 in) and the height of 100 cm, equipped with a sparger with a variety of hole diameter 1

and 2 mm. The sparger is placed at the bottom of the column. The volume of solution for

each run is the same (2 liters) but its height followed the diameter of the columns. Therefore,

the height of the solutions are 63, 44, and 25 cm. The low rate of the biogas is 1 liter/min,

which was fed from the bottom of the column. The sample was analyzed by Gas

Chromatography 2014 AT (SHIMADZU Corp 08128). The results show that the higher the

absorbent in the bubble column, the higher the percentage of CO2 absorption and the CH4

containt. The absorption of the CO2 is varied using Ca(OH)2 and using NaOH. The absorption

using Ca(OH)2 and NaOH are 70.18 and 90.66% respectively. The CH4 content also increases

using Ca(OH)2 and NaOH up to 66.84 and 87.755% respectively.

Keywords: CO2 reduction, absorption, bubble column, absorbent height, sparger hole

diameter





Cold Model Performance Test Of 50 Kwe Dual Fluidized Bed

Gasification Technology

Erlan Rosyadi

The Agency for Assessment and Application of Technology– Indonesia


Abstract

Research on the development of sustainable alternative fuels to replace fossil fuels has received serious attention because of the increasing world oil prices and environmental concerns. This study focused on the development of Dual Fluidized bed gasification technology, especially the cold model performance to obtain the hydrodynamic characteristics of bed material. The cold model performances are carried out at the Lab. Biomasa PTSEIK BPPT Gedung 625 Puspiptek Serpong. Bed material used is silica sand which is circulated externally from the combustor to the gasifier and vice versa through a loop seal. From this cold model performance test, the minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) of 400 μm silica bed material is 0,15 m/s, and the pressure difference (ΔP) between the fluidized bed and freeboard reactor is 3.5 kPa. In addition, in this cold model performance test, a bed material circulation has been carried out using a continuous method and a pulse method air flow. The results of this cold model performance test will be used as a reference in the operations of hot model Dual Fluidized Bed Gasification.

Keywords: Gasification, Cold model, Dual Fluidized bed, Silica bed material, minimum

fluidization velocity





Effect of Torrefaction Using Counter Flow Multi-Baffle (COMB) Reactor

on the Properties of Wood Pellets

Wahyu Hidayat1*, Udin Hasanudin1, Dewi Agustina Iryani2, Agus Haryanto1, Amrul2, Jiho Yoo3,Sangdo Kim3, Sihyun Lee3

1Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia 2Faculty of Engineering, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia

3Climate Change Research Division, Korean Institute of Energy Research, Republic of Korea


Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of torrefaction on the properties of wood

pellets from jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) and rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensisis), two

promosing species that is widely planted in community forests and industrial plantation in

Indonesia. A novel device namely Counter-Flow Multi Baffle (COMB) reactor was used to

effectively torrefied wood pellets within a short period of time. Torrefaction of wood pellets

was conducted at 300°C with a residence time of 3 min. The results showed that torrefaction

using COMB reactor caused: (1) decrease of 2.85% and 3.54% in the equilibrium moisture

content of jabon and rubberwood pellets, respectively; (2) decrease of 13.44% and 16.18%

in the density of jabon and rubberwood pellets, respectively; (3) increase of 79.70% and

18.32% in the high heating value of jabon and rubberwood pellets, respectively. The results

proposed that torrefaction using COMB reactor could provide a great improvement in the

quality of wood pellets.

Keywords:Anthocephalus cadamba, Hevea brasiliensisis,torrefaction, wood pellet





Enhancement of Biogas Production from Sugarcane Vinasse Using

Fenton Reaction: Effect of pH

Dhias Cahya Hakika1*

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia


Abstract

Vinasse is the most abundant wastewater from sugarcane biorefinery industry. Due to its

high content of organic matters, it has great potential to be converted into biogas using

anaerobic digestion. However, the process is often hindered by the excessive value of

vinasse’s COD (>100,000 mg/L). Fenton reaction has been widely applied for treatment of

organic pollutants and wastewater. This method utilizes the hydroxyl radical produced from

the catalyzing reaction between hydrogen peroxide and Fe2+ or Fe3+. On the other hand, iron

(Fe) demonstrates potential for enhancing anaerobic digestion. Thus, in this study a

laboratory scale experiment of Fenton reaction as a pretreatment to the sugarcane vinasse

was carried out to determine its effect on the anaerobic digestion process. The aim of this

research was to improve the anaerobic digestion of sugarcane vinasse as well as wastewater

treatment of sugarcane vinasse using Fenton reaction. Results showed that Fenton

pretreatment is beneficial in improving biogas production, since the total biogas produced

from treated sugarcane vinasse by Fenton reaction is significantly increased. The study

suggests that Fenton pretreatment can be used as an iron source or trace metals to enhance

anaerobic digestion of sugarcane vinasse.

Keywords: biogas; anaerobic digestion; Fenton reaction; sugarcane vinasse





Hybrid Catalyst Cu-ZnO/Al2O3-HZSM-5 for Direct Synthesis Dimethyl

Ether from CO and H2 (Syngas)

Tyas Puspita Rini1*, Sri Djangkung Sumbogo Murti1, Nanda Sari Dewi1

1Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology, Indonesia


Abstract

Dimethyl Ether (DME) is an alternatives energy that can be synthesized through a direct

process from syngas (CO and H2) with utilizing Cu-ZnO/Al2O3-HZSM-5 as a hybrid catalyst.

Direct synthesis DME technology is relatively new technology by utilizing syngas that can be

derived from gasification of biomass and coal. The purpose of this study is to obtain the

catalyst composition with the most optimal performance. Catalyst is prepared with co-

precipitation method through variation ratio of the catalyst Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 that be mixed with

HZSM-5. The component Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 catalysts were characterized using XRD, EDX, BET, and

FE-SEM. Test of catalyst activity carried out with fixed bed reactor at temperature 260⁰C and

pressure 20 bar using ratio syngas (H2: CO = 2). The products of reaction were analyzed with

GC-FID (Product DME) and GC TCD (CO conversion). From the result of catalyst

characterization were identified that hybrid catalyst CZA A shown better characteristic

compared other catalyst. In the catalyst activity testing, the highest yield was obtained for

hybrid catalyst CZA A the value is 15.03% and CO conversion is 28.15%.

Keywords: Syngas, Sintesis DME, Cu-ZnO/Al2O3-HZSM-5





Upgrading of Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunches to Solid Fuel

Using Torrefaction and Hydrothermal Treatment

Herri Susanto1*, Dicka Ar Rahim1,2, Mi Yan2, Rahmad Dennie Agustin Pohan1,

Dwi Hantoko1,2

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia

2Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PRC


Abstract

Torrefaction and hydrothermal treatment were employed to improve the physicochemical

properties of the EFB in the form of biochar. The obtained biochars were characterized for

their proximate and ultimate composition, calorific values, and mineral composition. The

results showed that fixed carbon increased while volatile matter decreased after treatment.

The increase and decrease were more prominent with increasing reaction temperature. The

calorific values of EFB increased from 19.05 MJ/kg to 29.31 MJ/kg after hydrothermal

treatment at 300 oC. The energy densification also increased with increasing reaction

temperature. The XRF results showed that the contents of Na, K and Si in EFB decreased after

hydrothermal treatment. Generally, the ash content of biochar via hydrothermal treatment

was lower than EFB (4.54%) as raw material and similar to Indonesian coal (37.37%) as

comparison. Therefore, hydrothermal treatment is more suitable than torrefaction for

upgrading biomass to high quality solid fuel.

Keywords: palm oil empty fruit bunch, biochar, torrefaction, hydrothermal treatment,

calorific value





Microfibril Cellulose Filler Contributes to Thermal Stability and

Morphology of Bioplastics Characteristics of Sorghum Based

Y. Darni1*, H. Utami1, L. Lismeri1, M. Hanif1, N.I. Hanifah1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia


Abstract

This research aimed to examine the effect of cellulose microfibrils filler to thermal

characteristic and morphology of bioplastic. Sorghum starch and chitosan, of which 63

micron particle size, were varied by starch to chitosan ratio (g/g) of 10:0; 9.5:0.5; 8.5:1.5;

7.5:2.5; 6,5:3.5; and 5.5:4.5 respectively. The cellulose microfibrils as a filler were added, and

its concentration varied of 0;1; 2; and 3% based on the total dry weight of the combined

biomaterials. Glycerol as a plasticizer was also appended to about 10% based on the total dry

weight of the combined biomaterials. The combination of 8.5 g sorghum starch and 1.5 g

chitosan gave the best results and revealed the enhance of the thermal characteristic of

bioplastic due to the increase of the filler. This phenomenon was expressed in glass transition

temperature and melting temperature of bioplastic. The SEM analysis on the morphology

structure of bioplastic surface showed that the increase of the filler contributes to dense of

bioplastic structure.

Keywords: bioplastics, cellulose microfibrils, thermal stability





Modeling of Temperature Effect on Separated Saccharification and

Fermentation for Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches-Based Xylitol Production

Ibnu Maulana Hidayatullah1*

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung


Abstract

Bioprocess-based xylitol production from lignocellulosic material is an environmentally

friendly and sustainable alternative production process. It requires lower energy compared

to conventional xylitol production using catalytic hydrogenation reactions. The scenario of

the xylitol production process through the bioprocess pathway can be carried out with two

stages of reaction, namely hydrolysis reaction using xylanolytic enzymes (xylanase) and

fermentation using molds by reducing xylose by xylose reductase to xylitol and secreted by

mold into the environment. The mathematical model was developed using the approach of

the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model (for the hydrolysis process) and the Monod kinetics

model (in the fermentation process). The effect of temperature in each reaction on the

amount of product produced has been modeled using the modified Arrhenius approach.

Furthermore, the model obtained was tested using experimental data.

Keywords: modelling, separate hydrolysis fermentation, temperature effect, xylitol

production





Coffee Husk Utilization as Biobricket and Biopellet

Based on Zero Waste Approach

Soni Sisbudi Harsono 1*

1 Keris REKAYASA ALSIN, Department of Agricultural Engineering,

Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Jember – EAST JAVA - Indonesia 68121


Abstract

The central production of Robusta coffee is located in Sidomulyo Village, Silo District, Jember

Regency has an area of approximately 8093,621 Ha. The area of coffee land owned by the

community reaches 168 hectares. The potential of coffee in Sidomulyo Village is superior and

the main livelihood of the village community. Every harvest is found to be a problem

regarding husk waste which disrupts people's activities. The Sidomulyo farmer as a driver of

society has a goal to improve the economy through village potential. The potential that the

research raises with GPS is coffee husk that has not been utilized maximally. The cellulose

content in the husk can be used as renewable energy, namely briquettes, biochar, and

bioethanol. The method of implementation is by studying literature and identifying problems

and observing activities in Sidomulyo Village. Literature studies are obtained from journals,

theses, and academics that are in accordance with the field of renewable energy. Problem

identification and observation are aimed at increasing the opportunities for briquettes and

biochar applications. Implementation of activities by forming institutions especially in the

field of renewable energy. Socialization activities to add insight and conduct training in the

use of tools and manufacture of products. The application of briquette and biochar products

is used on biomass stoves. The design of the biomass stove is obtained from stakeholders of

the University of Jember. The sustainable program, briquettes and biochar products will be

given heating fuel in batik canting candles. Briquettes and biochar can be commercialized as

alternative energy from oil or gas. Making biomass stoves as special stoves for briquettes and

biochar products. The sustainability program will continue to be maximized with the aim of

developing and empowering rural communities, thereby increasing employment and

improving the economy of the village.

Keywords: Coffee husk, briquete, biochar , biomass stoves, renewable energy

ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE,

GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION OTHER

ISSUES




Advanced Material for Energy Storage, Generation, and Transmission V - 1

Edible Fungal (Rhizomucor CCUG 61147) Production from Organosolv Pretreated OPEFB in Submerged Fermentation

MB Devi Marhendraswari1, Kinanthi Mondylaksita1, Jorge Ferreira2, Ria Millati1,

Mohammad J. Taherzadeh2, Claes Niklasson3

1Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada,

Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 2Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden Affiliations 3Department Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology,

Gothenburg, Sweden

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was pretreated with organosolv. Ethanol 50% (v/v) has

been used as the solvent and sulfuric acid was added as the catalyst. The lignin, cellulose,

and hemicellulose from OPEFB were successfully separated. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and

mix of both fractions (slurry)were used as carbon source to grow edible fungi, Rhizomucor

CCUG 61147 (RM4). RM4 is one of fungi in Tempeh that considered as GRAS. Cellulase

enzyme (CTeC3) was used to hydrolyze the cellulose into glucose for further use as carbon

source. Enzymatic hydrolysis was done for 18, 24, 42, and 48 hours. Enzyme activity 5, 10,

15, 20, and 30 FPU/g glucan were used and resulted in 22.48, 41.00, 62.65, 93.38, 106.27%

of hydrolysis, respectively. Enzyme activity of 30 FPU/g and 18 hours hydrolysis time were

used as the optimal condition of enzymatic hydrolysis. Glucose concentration after enzymatic

hydrolysis in three different medium were 0,2585g/l in hemicellulose rich fraction,

15,5305g/l in slurry, and 13,78 g/l in cellulose rich fraction. Submerged fermentation was

done for 72hours. The biomass obtained from medium without supplementation were varied

between 0 - 1,49 g/l and 1,027-5,615 g/l from the medium with supplementation. The highest

biomass yield was obtained from the medium using cellulose rich fraction with

supplementation.

Keywords: organosolv pretreatment, OPEFB, edible fungi, RhizomucorCCUG 61147,

submerged fermentation





Effect of Oil Heat Treatment on the Properties of Fast Growing Wood Species

Wahyu Hidayat1, Byantara Darsan Purusatama2, Fauzi Febrianto3, andNam Hun Kim2*

1Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

2College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea 3Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia


Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oil heat treatment on the properties of fast growing

wood species. Boards were taken from 6-year-old Gmelina arborea and Melia azedarach

trees. Boards were heat-treated at 180°C, 200°C, 220°C, and 240°C in palm oil for 1 h, with a

heating rate of 2°C/min. The effects of temperature during heat-treatment on the color

change and dimensional stability was evaluated. treatment on the color, and physical

properties were examined. The effect of temperature during heat-treatment on the color

change and dimensional stability was evaluated. The color change was determined using the

CIE-Lab color system and dimensional stability was evaluated through the measurement of

equilibrium moisture content and water absorption. The results showed that the color of

heat-treated woods became more uniform and darker by increasing treatment temperature.

The overall color change (ΔE*) in both wood species most affected by the reduction in

lightness (L*) by heat treatment. ΔE* increased with increasing treatment temperature with

a higher degree obtained in G. arboreacompared to M. azedarachwood. Dimensional

stability of both woods improved by heat treatment, as suggested by a lower equilibrium

moisture content and water absorption compared to untreated samples. Furthermore, heat-

treated M. azedarach absorbed less water than G. arboreawood. The results suggested that

oil heat-treatment could enhance the color properties and dimensional stability of G.

arboreaand M. azedarach woods for value-added products.

Keywords: color change, dimensional stability, Gmelina arborea, Melia azedarach,oil heat-

treatment





Influence of Die Temperature on Unit Density and Calorific Value of Municipal Solid Waste Pellets

Sri R. H. Siregar1, Daragantina Nursani1, and Adi Surjosatyo1*

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.

* Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

The process of waste to energy can solve the problem of waste and produce energy as a by-

product. The waste can be used as a raw material in pelletization process which then used as

a fuel in the thermal processing technology. In the pelletization process there are operational

variables that influence the characteristics and quality of the pellets produced. Variation of

waste composition (food waste, garden waste, plastic and paper), die temperature (ambient,

60°C, 80°C, 100°C, and 150°C) and particle size (mixed, <0.5 mm, and 0.5-5 mm) are done in

this study. The waste processed by natural drying, crushing, and making pellets using the

single pellet press method. The pellet pressure and dimensions of the pellet mold are fixed

at 288 MPa and 6 mm in diameter. Density measured by verniercaliper and precision

analytical balance. Calorific value measured by bomb calorimeter PARR 6400. The results

showed that there was a simultaneous influence of die temperature on determining the unit

density and calorific value.

Keywords: die temperature, pelletization, municipal solid waste, single pellet press





Comparison of Performance of Three Types of Catalysts of Methanol Dehydration to DME

Via Siti Masluhah1, Aisyah Ardy1, and Herri Susanto1*

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia

* corresponding authors: [email protected]

Abstract

DME (dimethyl ether) will be used for partial subtitution of LPG in Indonesia to reduce the

increase in LPG import (RUEN2017). Although its heating value is little bit lower than LPG,

DME has combustion properties similar to LPG. DME is also classified as an environmentally

friendly fuel and it can be produced from various energy resources such as natural gas, coal,

and biomass, through the following main steps: gasification to produce synthesis gas

(syngas), methanol synthesis from syngas, and methanol dehydration to produce DME. The

objective of this study was to compare three types of catalysts for methanol dehydration: γ-

Al2O3(prepared in our department) and two commercial catalysts (JH202 and KADH5)from a

DME plant in Indonesia. The catalysts have pore surface areas (m2/gram) of: 194,4 (γ-Al2O3),

128,3 (JH202), 370,9 (KADH5) and the acidity (mmol/g.cat) of: 0,421 (γ-Al2O3), 0,308 (JH202),

0,203 (KADH5). Catalyst activity tests were carried out in a tubular reactor with a diameter

of about 10 mm, at an atmospheric pressure (1 bar), various temperature of 240, 260, and

280oC. The amount of catalyst was about 2 gram. Influent to the reactor was a mixture of 17

-50%-mol methanol and N2.The gas flow rates were adjusted to get WHSV (weight hourly

space velocity) of 0.4, 1.2, and 2.0 h-1. Among these catalyst, KADH5 catalyst the best

performance giving a methanol conversion up to 91% at temperature of 240oC. Our catalyst,

γ-Al2O3 at 280oC yielded methanol a conversion of about 60% at WHSV of 2.0 h-1, and a

conversion of 71% at WHSV 1.2 h-1, which was much lower than the thermodynamic

equilibrium of 90.4%. With a low WHSV of 0.4 h-1, methanol conversion using γ-Al2O3 catalyst

could increase up to 84%.

Keywords: γ-Al2O3, commercial catalyst, pore surface area, catalyst acidity, methanol

conversion





Decreasing of Pollution Tract Loads Through Utilization of Effluent Reactor of Tapioca Industrial Biogas for Production of Organic

Vegetables

Julfi Restu Amelia1, Udin Hasanudin2, Oktarina Maulidia3

1Jurusan Teknologi Pangan, Universitas Sahid Jakarta 2Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Universitas Lampung

3Jurusan Magister Ilmu Lingkungan, Universitas Lampung


Abstract

The problem that still a rises in the tapioca industrial wastewater treatment technology, which is the effluent of the biogas reactor, still cannot be disposed of into the water body because it has not met the quality standards of tapioca industrial wastewater, but is expected to be used as a source of plant nutrients. The purpose of this study was to calculate the potential reduction in pollution load through the utilization of wastewater originating from the tapioca industry biogas reactor effluent and determine the dosage of giving water to organic vegetable cultivation on soil media by utilizing the tapioca industrial biogas reactor effluent in order to reduce the pollution load of the waste produced. The experimental design used factorial design in RAK. The experimental, there are two factors in this study: 1) the first factor is plant type (T) consisting of T1 = pakcoy, T2 = kangkung, T3 = tomato, and T4 = cucumber and 2) the second factor is water level available with effluent (K) which consists of K1 = 100-81%, K2 = 80-61%, K3= 60-41%, K4= 40-21% water available. So, there are 16 treatment combinations that each treatment consists of three replications. The results showed that 1) Cultivation of organic vegetables every hectare of soil, pakcoy plants with available water 81%-100% (T1K1) were able to produce a decrease inload of 7,47%, water spinach cultivation withwater was available 61%-80%(T2K2) able to reduce the load by 8,26%, tomato cultivation with available water 41%-60% (T3K3) capable of reducing the load of 6,43%, and cucumber cultivation with available water 81%-100% (T4K4) capable of reducing the loadby 4,54%; 2) If an industry with a production capacity of 100 tons of cassava perday produces biogas reactor effluent pollution load reaches 71,50 kg COD/day , 33,53 kg N/day, 7,65 kg P/day, and 5,61 kg K/day wants a decrease in load of up to 0%, so the basis that can be taken is: (a) cultivation of pakcoy plants, with available water 81%-100% (T1K1) on 13,39 ha of soil, or (b) kale cultivation,with available water 61%-80% (T2K2) on12,11 ha of soil, or (c) cultivation of tomato plants, withwater available a 41%-60% (T3K3) on15,55 ha of soil, or (d) cultivation of cucumber plants, with available water 61%-80% (T4K2) on 22,05 ha of soil; and 3) The best treatment to decreasing pollution load in observation variables COD, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are indicated by the highest percentage of reduction in pollution load, ie effluent utilization forkale cultivation at 61%-80% water available (T2K2) in one hectare soil in theamount of 8,26% from daily pollution load of effluent of biogas reactor.

Keywords: biogas effluent, pollutant load, vegetable production.





Stratification of Arboretum Forest, Sriwijaya University Campus, Indralaya, South Sumatra with Measurement of Loss of Weight after Drying of Main Species

Hanifa Marisa1*

1Biology Dept. Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Sriwijaya University, South Sumatra,

Indonesia


Abstract

A study about vertical structure of Arboretum forest at Sriwijaya University campus area,

Indralaya, South Sumatra, had been done September 2018. Observation is aimed to explain

the canopy layers/stratification of trees community . Survey made into arboretum, and belt

transect method size is determined base on distance of two closest biggest trees; 12.5 x 7

m. Height of every trees in these quadrangle plot were measured by used a clinometers. A

profile-diagram had made and complimented to canpy layers expose with semischematic

procedure. Main species flora is measured on the loss of leaves weight after drying. The result

of stratification was found as following data; stratum A with 12 – 20.7 m height (consisted

by two Scima wallichii trees and a Fagraea fragrans), stratum B with 2 – 10.5 m height

(composed by Microcos tomentosa, Scima wallichii, Alstonia scholaris, Fagraea fragrans,

Vitex pinnata, Tristaniopsis sp) and stratum C with 0.5 – 1 m height, namely Schima wallichii,

Syzygium sp, Psychotria sp, and Ceratoxylum sp). Canopy of stratum A and B layers are

discontinue, but tend to continue for stratum C. One ons fresh leaves of Microcos tomentosa

decrease to 0,4 ons after drying, means the water content is about 60 %.

Keywords: vertical structure, stratification, profile-diagram, semischematic

GREEN TECHNOLOGY PARTNERSHIP

INITIATIVE WORKSHOP



Green Technology Partnership Initiative Workshop 1

Capacity-building of Biofuel Appropriate Technology Development and

Business Model Generation using STI and Knowledge Management

Kwanyoung Kim1*

1Green Technology Partnership Initiative, Indonesia


Abstract

Biofuels are known as “carbon neutral fuels” because carbon dioxide emitted from vehicles

is absorbed by means of photosynthesis during plant growth. In addition, biofuels contribute

to energy security and diversification, the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions from

vehicles, and an increase in the income of farmers. One of the most promising crops from

the production of biofuels comes from biodiesel, which is made from vegetables oils that are

derived from oil crops through a trans-etherification process with a catalyst and an alcohol.

In this process, the large, branched molecular oil structures are condensed into smaller,

straight-chained molecules (biodiesel) that are suitable for automotive fuel, as major fuel

properties are almost similar to the conventional diesel fuel. Societal issues such as

environmental concerns, energy scarcity, the rising costs of fossil fuel in the ASEAN region,

rich in renewable energy sources, have played an important role in their rapid expansion.

The development of biofuels has progressed rapidly in ASEAN member states like Indonesia,

Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand. Additionally, highly deepened interest in sustainably

produced biofuels could continue to increase for intergenerational equity inherently requires

the concept of sustainability. To illustrate, without taking CO2 into account, temperature and

precipitation changes through the help of biofuel development can potentially contribute to

increased global food prices by 2050. Even, the criteria of the goals for sustainable

development have already taken part in the policies of major biofuel consuming countries,

and the criteria are expected to continue to affect the biofuel markets.

Developing countries see biofuels as a highly promising way to stimulate rural development,

create jobs, save foreign exchange by the reduction of imported goods. These concerns,

taken together and highlighted by recent surges in world oil prices, have been major

rationales for many countries to include biofuel-driven policy implementation in their

program. Many ASEAN member states have become increasingly interested in biofuels as an

[email protected]




alternative energy resource for energy security, an agent against climate change, and a tool

for economic development as well as income generation. The ASEAN Member States of

Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand in particular have accelerated their

attempts to progress of biofuel development and provision using many innovative science,

technology, and information methodologies. Indonesia and Malaysia, the two largest palm

oil producing countries in the world, account for 85% of world's palm oil production. In order

to promote the development and provision of biofuel and its penetration in the market, these

ASEAN member states have put forward policies, plans, blending mandates, and an

incentives mechanism for biofuel and biodiesel development. The rapid expansion of biofuel

production witnessed over the last few years in ASEAN member states has been largely

driven by the pursuit of energy security, the pursuit of lowering greenhouse gas emission, or

the pursuit of improving regional development. The underlying force for biofuel

development in all ASEAN member states as the main drivers for the deployment of biofuel

policies include societal issues such as (1) energy concerns on security of energy supply, (2)

socio-economic concerns like income generation for farmers, and (3) environmental

concerns to address like climate change.

ENERGY SECURITY CONCERN: energy supply

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONCERN: income generation and regional development

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN: lowering greenhouse gas emission and climate change

The plan, policy and strategy regarding biofuel and biodiesel development in all ASEAN

Member States have already been established, the goal, however, will not be achieved until

2020 or 2025. This project would like to suggest to the mediators that the main way of

achieving the goals will require the development of Appropriate Technology within all ASEAN

Member States. The main reasons why we should consider taking the mediators into account

for solving social issues through the development and provision of biofuel and biodiesel in all

ASEAN member states are as follows:

It is not sufficient to provide T&D AT experts and professionals in all AMS It is necessary to provide IP-based AT programs and know-how of AT utilization It is necessary to handle inclusive innovation methods for solving societal problems It is required to share technology commercialization for the introduction of a new

business model to all AMS




Renewable Energy Resource Mapping

of Korea Using Earth Observations

Hyun-Goo Kim1*, Yong-Heack Kang1, Chang-Yeol Yun1, Chang Ki Kim1, Jin-Young Kim1,

Bo-Young Kim1

1Renewable Energy Resource Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, South Korea

Abstract

Korea heavily depends on foreign energy resources by importing most of its primary energy

consumption, so that the importance of renewable energy as environment friendly green

future energy source is growing to replace fossil fuel and establish sustainable energy supply

system. Since 2017, Korean government proclaimed the “Renewable Energy 2020 Plan” to

provide 20% of the national electricity consumption with renewable energy by 2030 and

actively forward the renewable energy industry promotion policy as the future engine

industry through bold investment and R&D. New & Renewable Energy Resource Center at

the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) provide the information which can be applied

in variable renewable energy related areas through the scientific and systematic analyze

process using the satellite-based big data and Geographic Information System (GIS) for Solar,

Wind, Hydro, Geothermal, Ocean, Biomass and Hydrogen energy. KIER will make best effort

to inform current status of renewable energy resource in overall nationwide and enhance

the awareness in energy utilization through the providing of suitable for national topography

and more accurate resource mapping employing earth observations using the Korean

satellites such as Chollian for solar resource mapping, Arirang 5 for offshore wind resource

mapping.

PROGRAM - Unila

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