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EDUCATOR’S GUIDE PAGE 1 © Disney DEducational Productions (800) 295-5010 www.DisneyEducation.com TRAJECTORY TRAJECTORY Program Synopsis Students in grades 5 through 8 join Disney Imagineer Asa Kalama on a ride into the world of imagination, inspiration, and science—the science of trajectory. Asa travels to Disney’s theme parks to show students how Disney Imagineers put trajectory to work as they design and build amazing attractions, such as the Lights, Motors, Action! Stunt Show,Toy Story Midway Mania, and the California Screamin’ rollercoaster ride. In this Educator’s Guide, you’ll find activity ideas that allow students to apply what they’ve learned about trajectory. Program Objectives and Standards The Science of Disney Imagineering: Trajectory addresses the following objectives and standards: Students will be able to: • Define projectile as an object that continues in motion by its own inertia and is influenced only by the force of gravity. • Define trajectory as the path a projectile takes through space. • Explain that gravity causes the parabolic trajectory of a projectile close to earth. • Explain how Newton’s First Law of Motion relates to the trajectory of a projectile. • Identify ways that trajectory is put to work in Disney’s theme park attractions. • Apply the physics of motion to predict and control the trajectory of a projectile. • The motion of an object can be described by its position, direction of motion, and speed. That motion can be measured and represented on a graph. • An object that is not being subjected to a force will continue to move at a constant speed and in a straight line. 5-8 Science in Personal and Social Perspectives: Science and Technology in Society History and Nature of Science: Science as a Human Endeavor 5-8 Concepts and Principles Grade Content Standard Physical Science: Motions and Forces • Scientists and engineers work in many different settings,including colleges and universities, businesses and industries, specific research institutes, and government agencies. 5-8 • Women and men of various social and ethnic backgrounds--and with diverse interests,talents, qualities, and motivations--engage in the activities of science, engineering, and related fields such as the health professions. Some scientists work in teams, and some work alone, but all communicate extensively with others. • Science requires different abilities, depending on such factors as the field of study and type of inquiry. Science is very much a human endeavor, and the work of science relies on basic human qualities, such as reasoning, insight, energy, skill, and creativity--as well as on scientific habits of mind, such as intellectual honesty, tolerance of ambiguity, skepticism, and openness to new ideas. Science Standards Addressed (NSTA)
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EDUCATOR’S GUIDE PAGE 1
© Disney
DEducational Productions (800) 295-5010www.DisneyEducation.com
TRAJECTORYTRAJECTORY
Program SynopsisStudents in grades 5 through 8 join Disney Imagineer Asa Kalama on a ride intothe world of imagination, inspiration, and science—the science of trajectory. Asatravels to Disney’s theme parks to show students how Disney Imagineers puttrajectory to work as they design and build amazing attractions, such as the Lights,Motors, Action! Stunt Show,Toy Story Midway Mania, and the California Screamin’rollercoaster ride. In this Educator’s Guide, you’ll find activity ideas that allowstudents to apply what they’ve learned about trajectory.
Program Objectives and StandardsThe Science of Disney Imagineering: Trajectory addresses the following objectives and standards:
Students will be able to:• Define projectile as an object that continues in motion by its own inertia and is
influenced only by the force of gravity.• Define trajectory as the path a projectile takes through space.• Explain that gravity causes the parabolic trajectory of a projectile close to earth.• Explain how Newton’s First Law of Motion relates to the trajectory of a projectile.• Identify ways that trajectory is put to work in Disney’s theme park attractions.• Apply the physics of motion to predict and control the trajectory of a projectile.
• The motion of an object can be described by its position, direction of motion, and speed.That motion can be measured and represented on a graph.
• An object that is not being subjected to a force will continue to move at a constant speed and in a straight line.
5 - 8
Science in Personal andSocial Perspectives:Science and Technology in Society
History and Nature of Science:Science as a HumanEndeavor
5 - 8
Concepts and PrinciplesGrade Content Standard
Physical Science:Motions and Forces
• Scientists and engineers work in many different settings, including colleges and universities,businesses and industries, specific research institutes, and government agencies.
5 - 8
• Women and men of various social and ethnic backgrounds--and with diverse interests, talents,qualities, and motivations--engage in the activities of science, engineering, and related fieldssuch as the health professions. Some scientists work in teams, and some work alone, but allcommunicate extensively with others.
• Science requires different abilities, depending on such factors as the field of study and type ofinquiry. Science is very much a human endeavor, and the work of science relies on basichuman qualities, such as reasoning, insight, energy, skill, and creativity--as well as on scientifichabits of mind, such as intellectual honesty, tolerance of ambiguity, skepticism, and opennessto new ideas.
Science Standards Addressed (NSTA)
EDUCATOR’S GUIDE PAGE 2
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Preview Questions1. What is trajectory?2. What are some examples of trajectory in everyday life?3. How would you describe the path a thrown object takes?4. What is Newton’s First Law of Motion?
Postviewing Questions1.What is a projectile?2.What is the shape of the trajectory a projectile takes
when launched close to earth? Why?3. In what way does Newton’s First Law of Motion
relate to the trajectory of a projectile?4.What are two ways to change the trajectory of a projectile?
Suggested Classroom ActivitiesGoing, Going, GoneHave students learn about the physics involved in hitting a homerun at the Exploratorium’s virtualexhibit “Scientific Slugger”: http://www.exploratorium.edu/baseball/scientificslugger.htmlStudents can see the effect of varying the pitch speed, the strength of their swing, the angle atwhich the ball leaves the bat, and how fast the ball is hit. After students try out the exhibit, askthem to describe the ideal conditions for hitting a homerun.
A Water ExperimentHave students analyze how closely a hose shoots water in the shape of a parabola.Tape a largepiece of butcher paper on a wall parallel to the water’s path.While one student shoots the water,have another student draw the water’s path. Ask students how well the path approximates aparabola.What happens if the hose is held at a different angle? Have students experiment withdifferent launch angles. How do their observations compare with what they saw in the DVD?
Medieval ProjectilesHurling projectiles using a trebuchet was a military tactic during medieval times. Havestudents research the trebuchet and see how one is built. Helpful resources for thisactivity include Medieval Arms Racehttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/trebuchet/race.htmland NOVA Builds a Trebuchethttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/trebuchet/builds.html
I am a ProjectileHave students write a journal entry from the point of view ofan object being thrown.What forces are acting on theprojectile? Divide students into groups to share theirentries.What is similar about the entries in their group?What is different?
Ode to TrajectoryHave students write a poem about trajectory usingwhat they learned in the DVD. Display the poems inyour classroom or hallway.
EDUCATOR’S GUIDE PAGE 3
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NASA’s Space Place: Shoot a Cannonball into Orbithttp://spaceplace.jpl.nasa.gov/en/kids/orbits1.shtmlThis interactive activity illustrates how objects can be put into orbit around the Earth.
A Trajectory StoryA story is the foundation of every Disney attraction.The technology and design allsupport the story.Work as a team to come up with a great story for a newattraction that is all about trajectory. Create a visual presentation of your story,including a basic design of the attraction and a description of the role of trajectory.When designing your attraction, keep the following questions in mind:
• Is the concept appealing, interesting, or exciting?• Does the concept communicate a well thought out story and theme?• Are details on how guests would interact with and enjoy the experience
presented?• Does the concept demonstrate respect and inclusion for a diverse array of
guests?
Trajectory to OrbitGo to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) website andlearn about a rocket’s flight trajectory to orbit:http://exploration.grc.nasa.gov/education/rocket/rktrflght.htmlThen use the Java calculator on the page to investigate orbital flight on the Earth,the Moon, and Mars.
Material List for Try It Yourself: Water Balloon Slingshot• An old towel or rag cloth• 12 feet of latex tubing (1/2" diameter)• 2 small scraps of wood (2" diameter each)• Duct tape • Scissors• Latex balloons
EDUCATOR’S GUIDE PAGE 4
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Resources
BooksAnderson, Margaret J.Isaac Newton: The Greatest Scientist of All Time.Enslow, 2001.Grades 5-8. Describes the life and work of Isaac Newton.
The Imagineers.Walt Disney Imagineering: A Behind-the-Dreams Look at Makingthe Magic Real. Disney Editions, 1998.Young adult. Describes theImagineering process, from idea to construction.
Lafferty, Peter.Eyewitness: Force and Motion. DK Children, 1999. Grades 5-7. Anexploration of the principles of force and motion. Features friction andgravity, as well as the science of cannonballs and hoists.
Maze, Stephanie and O’Neill Grace, Catherine.I Want to Be an Engineer. Harcourt, 1999.Grades 3-5. Provides information about the history of engineering,educational requirements for engineering careers, and recentdevelopments in the field. Emphasizes the ability of engineers to applymathematics and science and use creativity to solve problems.
DVDBill Nye the Science Guy: Motion. KCTS Seattle. DVD. DisneyEducational Productions, 2004. Grade 4 and up. Bill explains thateverything needs a push or pull—a force—to make it move or stop.
Roving Mars. Prod. Kennedy-Marshall/White Mountain. DVD.WaltDisney Pictures, 2006. Grades 5 and up.This documentary follows thejourney of NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers through the eyes ofscientists and engineers.The Educator’s Guide that accompanies theDVD includes activities that involve trajectory.
The Way Cool Game of Science: Forces and Motion. Prod. DVD.Disney Educational Productions, 2007. Grade 4 and up.This DVDgame is designed to test students’ knowledge of forces andmotion. Bill’s answers include relevant video clips from the Bill Nye the Science Guy series.
Internet108 Stitches: The Physics in Baseballhttp://www.pbs4549.org/baseball/flight2.htmA science-based curriculum for grades 6-10 that uses the game ofbaseball to demonstrate basic physics principles. Aligned withnational science standards.
NOVA: Medieval Siegehttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/trebuchet/This website companion to the NOVA program includes links toinformation about trebuchets, medieval weapons that utilizedprojectile motion.
The Science of Baseballhttp://www.exploratorium.edu/baseball/This website has activities, articles, features, and exhibits about thescience of baseball. Includes links to cool websites and abibliography.
Team America Rocketry Challengehttp://www.rocketcontest.org/The website for the world’s largest rocket contest.
p r o j e c t i l e
p a ra b o l a
g rav i t y
e l l i p s e
t r i g o n o m e t r y
p hys i c s
v i r t u a l 3 D e nv i r o n m e n t
ve l o c i t y
m a s s
s p e e d
z e r o g’s
A launched object that moves forward due to inertia and accelerates downward due to gravity.
The curved path a projectile takes as it moves forward and accelerates downward.
The force that pulls all objects in the universe that have mass toward each other.
A closed curve that describes the orbit of one object about another due to gravitational attraction.
Branch of math dealing with calculations based on relationships between sides and angles of triangles.
The science of matter and energy and their interactions.
A computer-based simulated world that presents perceptual stimuli that users can manipulate.
The rate at which an object changes position, as defined by its speed and position.
The amount of matter in an object.
Distance traveled per unit of time.
A term often used to refer to the feeling of weightlessness.
Glossary of Terms
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Test Your Knowledge:Answer KeyThis DVD includes an assessment tool titled Test Your Knowledge.You can find this in the BonusMaterial section on your DVD. Below are the correct answers for each Test Your Knowledge question.
Question Number Correct Answer
1 B
2 A
3 B
4 B
5 B
6 C
7 B
8 B
9 A
10 A
11 B
12 A
13 B
14 A
15 C
