PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS BOOK - INAOE - Pmopm/Abstract_book.pdf · Marymar Castillo-Luna, Cruz...

PROGRAM

AND

ABSTRACTS BOOK

MEXICAN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS MEETING

TONANTZINTLA, PUE, MEXICO

SEPTEMBER 6-8, 2017

Foreword

On 2017, during September 6-8, the Academia Mexicana de Óptica (AMO) is honor to organize the fourth edition of the Mexican Optics and Photonics Meeting (MOPM2017). MOPM is an international scientific three-day meeting concerning optics and photonics in which recent outstanding research results are presented.

Within this MOPM edition we celebrate the 30th Anniversary of AMO and the 45th Anniversary of INAOE.

Ten plenary talks will be offered as part of the MOPM2017 scientific program. These talks will be given by Prof. Eric Mazur, President of the Optical Society (OSA); Prof. Glenn D. Boreman, President of the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE); Prof. Angela M. Guzman Secretariat of the International Comission for Optics (ICO), Prof. Efrain Solarte, President of the Red Iberoamericana de Óptica (RIAO); Prof. Ana Cecilia Noguez Garrido, Mexican National Award for Science 2016; Prof. Luis Orozco, Honoris Causa Doctorate from INAOE in 2016; Prof. Bruce J. Tromberg, Director of the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic at the University of California; Prof. Demetrios Christodoulides, Professor at the Optics and Photonics of the University of Central Florida; Prof. Giancarlo C. Righini, Professor at the Enrico Fermi Center and Nello Carrara of Applied Physics; and Prof. Joseph W. Haus, Honoris Causa Doctorate from INAOE in 2014.

MOPM2017 scientific program will be completed with the participation of 20 invited remarkable researchers and peer-reviewed contributions.

Overall 91 posters ranging from almost all areas of Optics and Photonics will be presented at the conference from almost all academic institution in Mexico and some from colleagues around the globe. The total number of independent authors present in the abstract is 267 considering the different modalities at the conference.

I want to express our special gratitude to INAOE, CONACYT, ICO, RIAO, SPIE and OSA for their decisive support. Finally, I have no doubt that all the attendees will enjoy this special edition of MOPM2017 at INAOE on September 6-8 2017.

Dr. Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla MOPM2017 General Chair Tonantzintla, Puebla, Mexico

MOPM 2017 Committees

Baldemar Ibarra Escamilla (INAOE) – MOPM 2017 General Chair

Steering Committee

Carlos Gerardo Treviño-Palacios (INAOE) - Chair

Alfonso Lastras-Martínez (UASLP)

Cruz Meneses-Fabián (BUAP)

Diana Tentori-Santa Cruz (CICESE)

Josué Álvarez-Borrego (CICESE)

Amalia Martínez-García (CIO)

Eric Rosas (CIO)

Oracio Barbosa-García (CIO)

Local Committee

David Sanchez de la Llave - Chair

Gabriel Martínez Niconoff

Rubén Ramos García

Héctor Moya Cessa

Evgeny Kuzin

Víctor Arrizon Peña

David Iturbe Castillo

Sabino Chávez Cerda

Ma. Guadalupe Rivera Loyd

Raúl Mújica García

Technical Committee

Patricia San Pedro García

Natalia Guevara

Gabriela López Lucio

Liliana Perea Centeno

Silvia Hernández Moreno

Abstract book responsible: Carlos Gerardo Treviño-Palacios

SPONSORS

Academia Mexicana de Óptica Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Red Iberoamericana de Óptica International Commission for Optics Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C. Optical Society of America The International Society for Optics and Photonics

EXHIBITORS

Test Technology

Program

Wednesday September 6

Location

8:30 – 9: 00 Opening Ceremony L.A.

9:00 – 10:00 Glenn Boreman

Overview of Research & Academic Program in Optics L.A.

at UNC Charlotte

Moderator: Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla

10:00 – 11:00 Joseph W. Haus

Nanophotonics: Harnessing Light with Structured L.A.

Materials


11:00 – 11:20 Coffe Break Lobby L.A.

11:20 – 12:20 Ana Cecilia Noguez-Garrido

Chirality and Optical Activity at the Nanoscale L.A.

Moderator: Gabriel Martinez-Niconoff


12:30 – 13:00 Elder de la Rosa Cruz L.A.

Nanophotonics for Optoelectronics Applications

Moderator: Rubén Ramos-García

13:00 – 13:30 Karen Volke Sepulveda L.A.

Two-dimensional optical ratchets: A fully reconfigurable

path to control transport at the microscale


12:30 – 13:00 Cruz Meneses Fabián G.S.A

Self-calibrating phase-shifting interferometry based on

background light estimation

Moderator: Amalia Martínez-García

13:00 – 13:30 Enrique Castro Camus G.S.A

Terahertz: a transdisciplinary tool

Moderator: Amalia Martínez-García

13:30 – 15:30 Lunch E.H.

Location

15:30 – 16:30 Poster Session Lobby L.A.

16:30 – 17:00 Eugenio Rafael Méndez Méndez L.A.

Wood anomalies in metallic gratings with defects

Moderator: M.David Iturbe-Castillo

17:00 – 17:30 Sabino Chavez-Cerda L.A.

New Physics of Laguerre-Gaussian and Hermite Gaussian

Optical beams

Moderator: M.David Iturbe-Castillo

16:30 – 17:00 Julio César Gutiérrez Vega G.S.A

Shaping optical beams with non-integer orbital angular

momentum: a generalized differential operator approach


17:00 – 17:30 Santiago Camacho López G.S.A

Pulsed laser processing of metallic thin films: micro and

nanostructuring


17:30 – 18:30 AMO General Meeting L.A.

MAP of INAOE

Location of MOPM events

Library Auditorium (L.A.) 6 Graduate Studies Auditorium (G.S.A.) 12 Events Hall (E.H.) 21

Thursday September 8

Location

9:00 – 10:00 Eric Mazur

Less is More: Extreme Optics with Zero Refractive Index L.A.


10:00 – 11:00 Giancarlo Righini

Glass-Ceramic Materials for Photonic Applications L.A.



11:20 – 12:20 Luis Orozco

Optical nanofibers, a platform for quantum optics L.A.

Moderator: Hector M. Moya-Cessa


12:30 – 13:00 Seguei Stepanov L.A.

Quantum coherent effects in acetylene filled photonic crystal

fibers

Moderator: Nikolai Korneev

13:00 – 13:30 Miguel Angel Bello Jimenez L.A.

Improved all-fiber acousto-optic tunable bandpass

filter/modulator for mode-locking applications

Moderator: Nikolai Korneev

12:30 – 13:00 Maximino Avendaño Alejo G.S.A

Wavefront and Caustic surfaces: A new approach to

design and test simple lenses

Moderator: Carlos Gerardo Treviño-Palacios

13:00 – 13:30 Roberto de Jesus León Montiel G.S.A

Noise-induced phenomena in photonic systems


13:30 – 15:30 Lunch E.H.

15:30 – 16:30 Poster Session Lobby L.A.

16:30 – 17:00 Evgeny Kuzin L.A.

Polarization effects at Raman amplification in fiber optics

Moderator: Victor Arrizón-Peña

Location

17:00 – 17:30 Yury Barmenkov L.A.

Photon statistics in actively Q-switched fiber lasers

Moderator: Victor Arrizón-Peña

16:30 – 17:00 Roberto Rojas Laguna G.S.A

A tunable multi-wavelength laser based on a Mach-Zehnder

interferometer with photonic crystal fiber

Moderator: Manuel Durán-Sánchez

17:00 – 17:30 Julián Moisés Estudillo Ayala G.S.A

In-line fiber interferometers for sensing applications and fiber

lasers

Moderator: Manuel Durán-Sánchez

17:30 – 18:30 Cultural Event L.A.

18:30 – 19:30 Welcome reception Lobby L.A.

Friday September 9

9:00 – 9:30 Nikolay Korneev L.A.

Calculation of modal structure for nearly regular resonators

Moderator: Eugene Kuzin

9:30 – 10:00 Anatoly Khomenko L.A.

Second harmonic generation from gap plasmon-polariton

nanoresonators

Moderator: Eugene Kuzin

9:00 – 9:30 M. David Iturbe-Castillo G.S.A

Z-scan for media with nonlocal response

Moderator: Sabino Chavez-Cerda

9:30 – 10:00 Romeo Selvas Aguilar G.S.A

Patenting fiber sensor innovations: a sample of successful

cases

Moderator: Sabino Chavez-Cerda

Location

10:00 – 11:00 Efrain Solarte

Light effects in some types of normal and cancer cells L.A.



11:20 – 12:20 Bruce J. Tromberg

Wearable and Bedside Biophotonics: technologies at L.A.

The intersection between personalized medicine and

personal health

Moderator: Julio Cesar Ramirez-San-Juan


12:30 – 13:30 Demetrios Christodoulides

Parity-Time Symmetry in Optics and Photonics

Moderator: Héctor M. Moya-Cessa

13:30 – 15:30 Lunch E.H.

15:30 – 16:30 Angela M. Guzman

The Quantization of Evanescent Waves in Atom Optics L.A.

and Quantum Plasmonics


16:30 – 17:30 Closing Ceremony L.A.

ABSTRACTS

INDEX

Plenary Speakers

MOPM2017 P01

Less is More: Extreme Optics with Zero Refractive Index

Eric Mazur

MOPM2017 P02

Overview of Research & Academic Program in Optics at UNC Charlotte Glenn D. Boreman

MOPM2017 P03

The Quantization of Evanescent Waves in Atom Optics and Quantum Plasmonics

Angela M. Guzman

MOPM2017 P04

Light effects in some types of normal and cancer cells

Efrain Solarte, Oscar Gutiérrez, Ángela Domínguez, José A. Arroyave

MOPM2017 P05

Chirality and Optical Activity at the Nanoscale

Ana Cecilia Noguez Garrido

MOPM2017 P06

Optical nanofibers, a platform for quantum optics

Luis Orozco

MOPM2017 P07

Wearable and Bedside Biophotonics: technologies at the intersection between personalized

medicine and personal health

Bruce J. Tromberg

MOPM2017 P08

Parity-Time Symmetry in Optics and Photonics

Demetrios Christodoulides

MOPM2017 P09

Glass-Ceramic Materials for Photonic Applications

G. C. Righini, A. Chiasera, S. Pelli, L. Zur, M. Ferrari

MOPM2017 P10

Nanophotonics: Harnessing Light with Structured Materials

Joseph W. Haus

Invited Speakers

MOPM2017 I01


Roberto de Jesus León Montiel

MOPM2017 I02

Wavefront and Caustic surfaces: A new approach to design and test simple lenses

Maximino Avendaño Alejo

MOPM2017 I03

Two-dimensional optical ratchets: A fully reconfigurable path to control transport at the

microscale

Alejandro Vásquez Arzola, Mario Villasante-Barahona, Petr Jákl, Pavel Zemánek,

Karen Volke-Sepúlveda

MOPM2017 I04


Yuri O. Barmenkov, Josue A. Minguela-Gallardo, Alexander V. Kir’yanov

MOPM2017 I05

Nanophotonics for Optoelectronics Applications

Elder de la Rosa Cruz

MOPM2017 I06

Terahertz: a transdisciplinary tool

Enrique Castro Camus

MOPM2017 I07


David Iturbe

MOPM2017 I08

In-line fiber interferometers for sensing applications and fiber lasers

D. Jauregui-Vazquez, Y. Lopez-Dieguez, J.M. Sierra-Hernandez, J.C. Hernandez-Garcia, R. Rojas-

Laguna, J.W. Haus and J.M. Estudillo Ayala

MOPM2017 I09

Quantum coherent effects in acetylene filled photonic crystal fibers

S. Stepanov, M. Ocegueda, N. Casillas, and E. Hernandez

MOPM2017 I10


Nikolay Korneev,

MOPM2017 I11

Pulsed laser processing of metallic thin films: micro and nanostructuring

Santiago Camacho-Lopez, M. Camacho-Lopez, M. A. Camacho-Lopez, P. Segovia-Olvera, A.

Reyes-Contreras, V. Ramos Muñiz, Y. Esqueda-Barrón

MOPM2017 I12

Second harmonic generation from gap plasmon-polariton nanoresonators

A. V. Khomenko and E. Chaikina

MOPM2017 I13

Self-calibrating phase-shifting interferometry based on background light estimation

Cruz Meneses Fabián

MOPM2017 I14

Improved all-fiber acousto-optic tunable bandpass filter/modulator for mode-locking

applications

Miguel Angel Bello-Jiménez, G. Ramírez-Meléndez, E. Hernández-Escobar

MOPM2017 I15

Shaping optical beams with non-integer orbital angular momentum: a generalized differential

operator approach

Julio César Gutiérrez Vega

MOPM2017 I16

Patenting fiber sensor innovatios: a sample of succeful cases

Romeo Selvas Aguilar, A Castillo-Guzman, V Guzman-Ramos, L Cortez-Gonzalez

MOPM2017 I17


Evgeny A. Kuzin

Poster Sessions

Wednesday September 6

Optics MOPM2017 O01

CARRIER FRINGES INTERFEROMETRY IN A QUASI-4F OPTICAL SYSTEM. Erika Barojas Gutierrez, Cruz Meneses Fabián, Gustavo Rodríguez Zurita, Ma. del Rosario Pastrana Sánchez

MOPM2017 O02 Digital Lensless Holographic Microscopy Alberto Cordero Dávila, Jesús Eduardo Brito Carcaño, Carlos Manuel Ortiz Lima, Ana Elizabeth Espinosa Mómox

MOPM2017 O03 Irradiance of an aberrated wavefront Alberto Cordero Dávila, Ana Elizabeth Espinosa Mómox, Carlos Manuel Ortiz Lima, Edgar Moyotl Hernández, Mónica Macías Pérez

MOPM2017 O04 Refractive index of a plane parallel plate by the Euclidean distance method and fringe counting Marymar Castillo-Luna, Cruz Meneses-Fabian, Gustavo Rodríguez-Zurita, María del Rosario Pastrana-Sánchez, José Eduardo Espinosa Rosales

MOPM2017 O05 Analysis of systematic errors in the null-screen test on a parabolic through solar collector Andrés Peña Conzuelo, Manuel Campos García

MOPM2017 O06 Behavior of the centroids within the caustic of a fast lens Gabriel Castillo Santiago, Maximino Avendaño Alejo

MOPM2017 O07 New approach for the ray tracing at second order of single lenses. Osvaldo Ponce-Hernández, Maximino Avendaño-Alejo

MOPM2017 O08 Design of a solar concentrator considering linear Fresnel reflectors Martín Jiménez-Rodríguez, Maximino Avendaño-Alejo

MOPM2017 O09 Designs of null screens for testing a Fresnel mirror Samuel Maca García, Martín Jiménez Rodríguez, Maximino Avendaño Alejo

MOPM2017 O10 STUDY OF A COHERENT BANDPASS FILTER IN A 4f SYSTEM F. A. Trinidad-Torres, A. Montes Pérez, P. Tolentino Eslava, C. Robledo Sánchez, N.I. Toto Arellano

MOPM2017 O11 Simplified Intensity Transport Equation (SITE) for the Recovery of Wavefront in Metrology Optics Jesús Alonso Arriaga Hernandéz, Fermín Granados Agustín, Alejandro Cornejo Rodríguez

MOPM2017 O12 Graphical user interface for exact ray tracing in the human eye Gerardo Díaz González, David Iturbe Castillo, Rigoberto Juárez Salazar, Agustin Santiago Alvarado

MOPM2017 O13 Random distribution of pixels to avoid aliasing effects Joan Villa-Hernandez, Arturo Olivares-Pérez

MOPM2017 O14 Challenges in high-resolution holographic printer designs using motor stepper X-Y platforms Rosaura Vallejo Mendoza, Joan M. Villa Hernandez, Roxana María Herrán Cuspinera, Arturo Olivares Pérez

MOPM2017 O15 Use of tuning forks as proximity sensors in the near-field microscopy Marco A. Canchola, J. Félix Aguilar

Photonics MOPM2017 F01

Modeling electrical response of biofluids

Anays Acevedo-Barrera, Augusto García-Valenzuela, Asur Guadarrama-Santana

MOPM2017 F02

Theoretical Study of light-actived Molecular Motors Raul A. Vázquez-Nava

MOPM2017 F03 Windowing analysis for LSI improvement in blood vessel visualization Sergio Rosales-Núñez, Hayde Peregrina-Barreto, José Rangel-Magdaleno, Rúben Ramos-García, Julio Cesar Ramírez-San-Juan

MOPM2017 F04 IMPROVEMENT OF THE IN VITRO APPLICATION OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY WITH THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENT OF LIGHT AND PHOTOSENSITIZER Teresita Spezzia-Mazzocco, Luis Daniel Luna-Hernández, Erick Ivan Barros-de-la-Cruz, Julio Cesar Ramírez-San-Juan, Rubén Ramos-García

MOPM2017 F05 Nonimaging retinal oximeter Karla J. Sánchez-Pérez, Javier Herrera-Vega, Enrique O. Graue-Hernandez, José Luis Rodríguez-Loaiza, Rodrigo Matsui-Serrano, Felipe Orihuela-Espina, Juan Bianchi, Carlos G. Treviño-Palacios

MOPM2017 F06 Visualization of deep vessel through of homogeneity representation and kurtosis analysis Cruz Pérez-Corona, Hayde Peregrina-Barreto, Juan Padilla-Martinez, José Rangel-Magdaleno, Rubén Ramos-García, Julio Ramirez-San Juan

MOPM2017 F07 Z-scan expression for thick nonlinear refractive nonlocal media ROMAN TORRES ROMERO, MARCELA MARIBEL MENDEZ OTERO, MAXIMINO LUIS ARROYO CARRASCO, MARCELO DAVID ITURBE CASTILLO

MOPM2017 F08 Dynamics of thermocavitation bubble in binary solutions. Aletvia Cuetlach Martinez, Carla Berrospe Rodriguez, Rubén Ramos García

MOPM2017 F09 Conical Probes for Near Field THz microscopy Yesenia Angélica García Jomaso, Naser Qureshi, Gaudencio Paz Martínez, Jesús Garduño Mejía, Carlos Gerardo Treviño Palacios

MOPM2017 F10 Observation of photocurrent improvement on porous silicon nanostructures sensitized with carbon quantum dots D.Mayorga Cruz, M.Martínez Ayala, R.F.Balderas Valadez, N.K.Reddy Bogireddy, V.Agarwal

MOPM2017 F11 PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METAL-CATIONS INTEGRATED CARBON DOTS Jayaramakrishnan Velusamy, Gabriel Ramos Ortiz, Mario Rodríguez

MOPM2017 F12 Refractive Index Sensor Based on Seven Core Fiber Jose Guzman-Sepulveda, Daniel López-Cortes, Rene Domínguez-Cruz, Daniel May-Arrioja

MOPM2017 F13 Locality of Nonlinear Optical Response in Ag nanocubes Emma Vianey García Ramírez, Sergio Sabinas Hernández, Daysi Ramírez Martínez, Gabriela Díaz, Jorge Alejandro Reyes Esqueda

MOPM2017 F14 Stimulated Emission in Au-doped ZnO Films Daysi Ramírez Martínez, Emma Vianey García Ramírez, Enrique Vigueras Santiago, Jorge Alejandro Reyes Esqueda

MOPM2017 F15 Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excitation in Au thin films using surface light-fabricated structures Jorge Alberto Peralta-Ángeles, Citlali Sánchez-Aké, Jorge Alejandro Reyes-Esqueda

MOPM2017 F16 Blow-off, steady state and plume-shielding photomechanical ablation induced by a 1064nm Q-switched laser on obsidian samples J. A. ALVAREZ-CHAVEZ, A. I. AGUILAR-MORALES, H. R. MORANO-OKUNO, G. DE LA ROSA, G. G. PEREZ-SANCHEZ

MOPM2017 F17 Spectro-polarimetric light-scattering: applications in remote-sensing and laser diagnostic Romain Ceolato

MOPM2017 F18 Digital image processing system for measuring optical fibers NA Francisco Chávez-Gutiérrez, Alejandro Martínez-Ríos, Diego Torres-Armenta, J. Ascención Guerrero-Viramontes, Daniel Toral-Acosta

MOPM2017 F19 Spectral response of a non-adiabatic tapered fiber by waist diameter variations due to a Thulium-doped fiber ASE as input source Noribeth Fuentes-González, Edgar Bravo-Huerta, Manuel Durán-Sánchez, Marco Vinicio Hernández-Arriaga, Jared Alaniz-Baylón, Ricardo Iván Álvarez-Tamayo, Baldemar Ibarra-Escamila, Evgeny A. Kuzin

MOPM2017 F20 Experimental investigation of polarization-imbalanced nonlinear loop mirror with double-sense twisted fiber Luis Alberto Rodiguez Morales, Eugeny Kuzin, Baldemar Ibarra Escamilla, Ivan Armas Rivera

MOPM2017 F21 Authentication of QR codes used as watermarks in diffraction patterns Alejandro Padrón-Godínez, Carlos Gerardo Treviño-Palacios

MOPM2017 F22 Glass-based thin films with PT-Symmetric as rectifier Alejandro Padrón-Godínez, Blas Manuel Rodríguez-Lara

MOPM2017 F23 Non-Hermitian, nonlinear Waveguide Coupler José Delfino Huerta Morales, Blas Manuel Rodríguez Lara

MOPM2017 F24 Multi-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser based on tapered fiber interferometers M. V. Hernández-Arriaga, Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla, Manuel Durán-Sánchez, Héctor Santiago-Hernández, Evgeny Kuzin

MOPM2017 F25 2D colloidal crystal formed by laser induced temperature gradients Julian Ramírez-Ramírez, Juan Vazquez-Lozano, Rubén Ramos-Garcia

MOPM2017 F26 Holography with Markovian optical fields C. Gutiérrez Ojeda, P. Martinez Vara, S. I. De Los Santos García, M. A. Torres Rodríguez, G. Martínez Niconoff

MOPM2017 F27 Manipulation and sorting of microparticles via thermophoretical effects Juan Israel Vázquez Lozano, Rubén Ramos García, Julián Ramírez Ramírez

MOPM2017 F28 Nonclassical photon correlations of an optomechanical system Christian Ventura-Velázquez, Blas M. Rodríguez-Lara

MOPM2017 F29 Thermal emission of spherical micro/nano-antennas: Radiation Q-factor Ana H. Ramírez-Andrade, Jorge R. Zurita-Sánchez

MOPM2017 F30 Three-body correlations with trapped ion para-Bose state Cinthia Huerta Alderete, Santiago Francisco Caballero Benitez, Blas Manuel Rodríguez Lara

Thursday September 7

Optics MOPM2017 O16

Method for estimating the performance of multifocal contact lenses Omar Garcia-Liévanos

MOPM2017 O17 Multifocal contact lenses design to third order. Garcia-Lievanos O., Sanchez-Gonzalez L.and Razo-Garcia AP.

MOPM2017 O18 Analysis of out-of-plane sensitivity by using electronic speckle pattern interferometry Karen Reyes, Amalia Martínez García, J. A. Rayas, Tobias Scherbaum, Gustavo Adolfo Gómez, Héctor Pérez

MOPM2017 O19 Phase-shifting in a cube-beam splitter interferometer by wavelength modulation Uriel Rivera-Ortega

MOPM2017 O20 Adaptive Optics System to compensate dynamic aberrations Ezequiel Paz, Marcelo David Iturbe, Luis Ignacio Olivos

MOPM2017 O21 Mechanical and optical characterization of PDMS refractive surfaces with aspheric profiles Josimar Márquez García, Angel S.Cruz Félix, Jorge García González, Agustin Santiago Alvarado

MOPM2017 O22 Single shot phase shifting triple interferometer Yazmin Cravioto, Noel Toto

MOPM2017 O23 Synthesis of surface plasmonic vortex Mayra Vargas, Marco Antonio Torres, Saúl Isaías De los Santos, Gabriel Martínez

MOPM2017 O24 Photoelectric-Like plasmon effect Marco Antonio Torres Rodriguez, Mayra Vargas Morales, Saul Isaias De Los Santos Garcia, Patricia Martinez Vara, Tyler Quarton, Gabriel Martinez Niconoff

MOPM2017 O25 Analysis of light scattering in the human eye due to variation of refractive indices of multilamellar bodies and their external medium Emilia M. Méndez-Aguilar, Ismael Kelly-Pérez, L.R Berriel-Valdos

MOPM2017 O26 Structured optical fields through polarization holography Teresa Cerdà, Ulises Ruiz, Gabriella Cipparrone, Pasquale Pagliusi, Clementina Provenzano

MOPM2017 O27 Vector beams generated by polarization holograms Ulises Ruiz, Gabriella Cipparrone, Pasquale Pagliusi, Clementina Provenzano

MOPM2017 O28 Influence of contrast correction using spatial correlation between neighbor pixels in a speckle contrast image. Julio César Juárez Ramírez, Beatriz Coyotl Ocelotl, Roger Chiu Zarate, Rubén Ramos Garcia, Julio César Ramírez San Juan

MOPM2017 O29 Color image quantization using a single layer lattice perceptron Gonzalo Urcid-Serrano, Rocío Morales-Salgado

Photonics MOPM2017 F31

Multispectral light source for endoscopic procedures J.D. Rivera Fernández, K. Roa Tort, J. M. de la Rosa Vázquez, S. Stolik Isakina, A. Valor Reed, D. A. Fabila Bustos

MOPM2017 F32 Response of the Photoreceptors in the Eichornnia crassipes Gonzalo González, Viviana Matilde Mesa, Jorge Enrique Mejia

MOPM2017 F33 Automated system to liver fibrosis biopsies detection. K. Roa Tort, J. D. Rivera Fernández, J. M. de la Rosa Vázquez, S. Stolik Isakina, A. Valor Reed, D. A. Fabila Bustos, G. Escobedo

MOPM2017 F34 Needle-free microjet injection by means of CW laser cavitation Carla Berrospe-Rodriguez, Claas Willem Visser, David Fernandez Rivas, Ruben Ramos-Garcia

MOPM2017 F35 Visualization of deep blood vessels using principal component analysis based laser speckle imaging JA Arias-Cruz, R. Chiu, Hayde Peregrina-Barreto, R. Ramos-Garcia, Julio C. Ramirez-San-Juan

MOPM2017 F36 Transfer of Orbital Angular Momentum to microparticles from an annular vortex beam Rafael Paez-Lopez, Ulises Ruiz, Victor Arrizon, Ruben Ramos-Garcia

MOPM2017 F37 Optical fiber Michelson interferometer based on a modal redistribution with a tapered fiber for displacement measurements Guillermo Salceda-Delgado, Alejandro Martinez-Rios, Romeo Selvas-Aguilar, Ricardo Ivan Álvarez Tamayo, Arturo Castillo-Guzman, Luis Enriquez-Gomez

MOPM2017 F38 Switchable Single and Dual-Wavelength Fiber Laser based on a Double-Clad In-Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer A. Castillo-Guzmán, R. I. Álvarez-Tamayo, G. Salceda-Delgado, M. Durán-Sánchez, A. Barcelata-Pinzón, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, E. A. Kuzin, R. Selvas-Aguilar

MOPM2017 F39 Fluor absorption through carbon nanostructures Luz Elena Méndez Escobar, Jorge Enrique Mejía Sánchez, Viviana Matilde Mesa Cornejo

MOPM2017 F40 A switchable multi-wavelength linear fiber laser based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and photonic crystal fiber D. Torres-Gonzalez, D. Guapo-Mendieta, J.M. Estudillo-Ayala, J.M. Sierra-Hernandez, D. Jauregui-Vazquez, J.C. Hernandez-Garcia, R. Rojas-Laguna

MOPM2017 F41 Temperature sensor based on a core-offset Mach-Zehnder interferometer with single mode fiber R. Peñaloza-Delgado, J. M. Sierra-Hernandez, E. Pacheco-Chacon, D. Jauregui-Vazquez, T. Kaur, J. M. Estudillo-Ayala, E. Hernandez-Rodriguez , and R. Rojas-Laguna

MOPM2017 F42 Study of the Nonlinear Fiber Effects in Muli-wavelength Erbium Doped Linear Fiber Laser. D. Jauregui-Vazquez, M. Perez-Maciel, J. M. Estudillo-Ayala, J.M. Sierra-Hernandez, R. Rojas-Laguna, J.R. Reyes-Ayona and J.C. Hernandez-Garcia

MOPM2017 F43 Analysis of an Ytterbium Doped Ring Laser Cavity Operated by a Tapered Optical Fiber and Liquid Refractive Index Changes T. Lozano-Hernandez, D. Jauregui-Vazquez, J.M. Estudillo-Ayala, L. Herrera-Piad, J.M. Sierra-Hernandez, A. Corona-Chavez, R. Rojas-Laguna, J.C. Hernandez-Garcia

MOPM2017 F44 ANALYSIS OF THE OPTOELECTRONIC AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF A DSSC WITH UNION ZNO / TIO2 AND ITS EFFECT ON CONVERSION EFFICIENCY. Guillermo Miguel Rosete Ortiz, DURVEL De la Cruz Romero, LIZETH Rojas Blanco

MOPM2017 F45 Calculation of the band structures of an immersed Phononic Crystal in a 3D waveguide using Periodic Green’s Function Method Claudia Guillén Gallegos, Hugo Alva Medrano, Alberto Mendoza Suárez, Héctor Pérez Aguilar

MOPM2017 F46 Surface modes in Photonic Crystal Waveguides that include a dispersive left-handed material Hugo Alva Medrano, Alberto Mendoza Suárez, Héctor Pérez Aguilar

MOPM2017 F47 Electromagnetic surface modes in Photonic Crystal Waveguides containing inclusions with rough surfaces of dispersive metamaterial José Eduardo Medina Magallón, Héctor Pérez Aguilar, Petr Zhevandrov Bolshakova, Alberto Mendoza Suárez

MOPM2017 F48 Reflective properties of two-dimensional square lattices with smooth and randomly rough surfaces Luis Eduardo Puente Díaz, Héctor Pérez Aguilar, Alberto Mendoza Suárez

MOPM2017 F49 Numerical study of reflective properties of two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystals with rough surfaces using integral methods Víctor Castillo Gallardo, Héctor Pérez Aguilar, Alberto Mendoza Suárez

MOPM2017 F50 Generalized Optical Theorem for Invariants Beams Irving Rondón Ojeda, Mary Carmen Peña Gomar, Francisco Soto Eguibar

MOPM2017 F51 Focusing light trough highly scattering YSZ ceramic cranial implant Beatriz Coyotl Ocelotl, Rubén Ramos Garcia, Julio César Ramírez San Juan

MOPM2017 F52 Study of Light Radiation Distribution in Hybrid Light Emitting Device Andrey Kosarev, Carlos Alberto Ospina Ocampo, Julio Carrillo, Svetlana Mansurova, Hiram Martínez, Ismael Cosme

MOPM2017 F53 Study of the deposition temperature effect on optoelectronics properties of aluminium doped zinc oxide films fabricated by PECVD. Saraí Vázquez y Parraguirre, Ismael Cosme Bolaños, Svetlana Mansurova, Andrey Kosarev, Adrian Itzmoyotl Toxqui

MOPM2017 F54 Filter Transmittance Measurements of Microwaves-Terahertz Filters for Radio Astronomy using THz-TDS spectroscopy Gaudencio Paz-Martínez, C.G. Treviño Palacios, Salvador Ventura-González, Daniel Ferrusca-Rodríguez

MOPM2017 F55 Short Pulse LED FROG David Zarate, Carlos G Treviño Palacios

MOPM2017 F56 Effect of IPA-treatment of PEDOT:PSS organic layer on characteristics of hybrid photovoltaic structures A. J. Olivares Vargas, I. Cosme Bolaños, S. Mansurova, A. Kosarev, A. Itzmoyotl

MOPM2017 F57 A multimode laser diode noise analysis and its influence in an optoelectronic oscillator L. J. Quintero-Rodríguez, A. G. Correa-Mena, L. A. González-Mondragón, I. E. Zaldívar-Huerta

MOPM2017 F58 Generation and characterization of dissipative solitons from a full polarization-controlled passively mode-locked Er-Fiber laser Héctor Santiago-Hernández, Yazmin Bracamontes-Rodríguez, Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla, Manuel Durán-Sánchez, Georgina Beltrán-Pérez, Olivier Pottiez, Ivan Armas-Rivera, L. Alberto Rodríguez-Morales, Marco Hernández-Arriaga, Evgeny Kuzin

MOPM2017 F59 Tunable dual-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser in the region of 1.8 µm based on a MMI Filter Edgar Bravo-Huerta, Manuel Durán-Sánchez, Berenice Posada-Ramírez, Ricardo Iván Álvarez-Tamayo, Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla, Evgeny A. Kuzin

MOPM2017 F60 Active Q-switched fiber laser based on an Er/Yb co-doped fiber Jared Alaniz-Baylon, Berenice Posada-Ramírez, Manuel Durán-Sanchez, Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla, Ricardo-Iván Álvarez-Tamayo, Evgeny A. Kuzin

MOPM2017 F61 High efficiency single tunable dual-wavelength Thulium-doped fiber laser Berenice Posada-Ramírez, Manuel Durán-Sánchez, Edgar Bravo-Huerta, Ricardo Iván Álvarez-Tamayo, Evgeny A. Kuzin, Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla,

MOPM2017 F62 Discrete breathers in a lumped transmission line: a qualitative description Peter Halevi, Alexander Gómez Rojas

PLENARY

SPEAKERS

Less is More: Extreme Optics with Zero Refractive Index

Eric Mazur

Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Nanotechnology has enabled the development of nanostructured composite materials (metamaterials) with exotic optical properties not found in nature. In the most extreme case, we can create materials which support light waves that propagate with infinite phase velocity, corresponding to a refractive index of zero. This zero index can only be achieved by simultaneously controlling the electric and magnetic resonances of the nanostructure. We present an in-plane metamaterial design consisting of silicon pillar arrays, embedded within a polymer matrix and sandwiched between gold layers. Using an integrated nanoscale prism constructed of the proposed material, we demonstrate unambiguously a refractive index of zero in the optical regime. This design serves as a novel on-chip platform to explore the exotic physics of zero-index metamaterials, with applications to super-coupling, integrated quantum optics, and phase matching.

.

MOPM2017 P01

mailto:[email protected]

Overview of Research & Academic Program in Optics at UNC Charlotte

Glenn D. Boreman, 2017 President, SPIE Department of Physics and Optical Science

University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA

[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

We will begin with some information about SPIE, with an emphasis on student chapter activities [1] in Mexico. We then continue with a brief overview of our PhD program in optical science and engineering at UNC Charlotte [2] – admission requirements, application procedures, required and elective coursework, and thesis research areas. A summary of faculty research interests is presented. Finally, we consider our recent activities in the fabrication and metrology of freeform optics [3]. These are optical elements without any axis of rotational symmetry. These surfaces are enabled by advances in precision machining technologies and allow introduction of significant new degrees of freedom in the optical design. Freeform designs facilitate correction of aberrations with fewer surfaces; integrated kinematic alignment features; better performance in smaller packages. Overall results are improved image quality, wider fields of view, higher throughput, and reduced system size and weight.

Figure 1: 15 SPIE Student Figure 2: Grigg Hall, Fig. 3: Freeform element Chapters in Mexico Home of Optics at UNCC with alignment features

References [1] https://spie.org/membership/student-members[2] http://optics.uncc.edu/assistantships-and-funding[3] http://www.iucrc.org/center/center-freeform-optics

MOPM2017 P02

The Quantization of Evanescent Waves in Atom Optics and Quantum Plasmonics

Angela M. Guzmán Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia

[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Evanescent waves have been a key component of atom optics and the key for strong confinement of the electromagnetic field at scales far below that of conventional optics in plasmonics. At the nanoscale, the quantum nature of light might come into play, but the customary quantization of the free electromagnetic field (which typically takes the form of an expansion in homogenous plane waves) does not admit evanescent waves and is not valid in the presence of dielectric/dielectric or dielectric/metal interfaces.

Since evanescent waves at those interfaces originate in microscopic matter-light interactions, it might seem at first that to quantize them, a quantum mechanical description of the material and its interaction with the electromagnetic field is required, where a multiplicity of quanta or quasi particles play a key role. In this presentation, we make use of an alternative quantization procedure introduced by Carniglia and Mandel [1], where the electromagnetic field, including the evanescent wave, is treated effectively as a free field by solving the macroscopic Maxwell equations for continuous media with appropriate boundary conditions. In previous work we have discussed the atom-surface interaction in the presence of a classical evanescent wave [2-3]. Here we discuss consequences of the quantization of evanescent waves for optical potentials and atom-wall interaction.

At a dielectric/metal surface, electromagnetic waves can also excite surface plasmon waves, which involve a surface electron density wave and accompanying evanescent inhomogeneous waves in the dielectric and the metal. The emerging area of quantum plasmonics [4] involves the study of the quantum interaction of light with dielectric/metal nanostructures. We recall the quantization of non-radiative surface plasmon polaritons introduced by Y. O. Nakamura [5] relating to the recent imaging of quantized plasmonic fields [6].

References [1] C. K. Carniglia and L. Mandel, Phys Rev D 3(2), 280-296 (1971)[2] A. M. Guzman, Proc. SPIE, Vol 5622, 348-353, (2004)[3] A. M. Guzman, Frontiers in Optics 2004, paper FThQ4. Optical Society of America (2004)[4] M. S. Tame et al. Nature Physics 9, 329-340 (2013)[5] Y. O. Nakamura, Progress of Theoretical Physics, Vol. 70(4), 908-919 (1983)[6] L. Piazza et al. Nature Communications 6, 6407 (2015)

MOPM2017 P03

Light effects in some types of normal and cancer cells

Efraín Solarte(1), Oscar Gutiérrez(2), Ángela Domínguez(3), José A. Arroyave (4)

1. Department of Physics, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia2. Basic Medical Sciences School, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia

3. School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia4. Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali, Colombia

[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

The use of high power laser radiation, in various fields of medicine and in particular in surgery, is a technological reality that ranges from its application as scalpel and cautery, to complex photochemical applications. The advent of new lasers, the high energy density available and the use of fiber optics for transport and application of laser radiation, has opened a field of research with notable developments in several medical fields, where this energy and the ability of cells to absorb it, is exploited to remove tumors, malformations or stones, and ultimately to "weld" biological tissues or wounds and possibly repair tendons and nerves. More recently, new applications have been developed which are related to light activated or facilitated therapy. Besides, Low Intensity Laser Irradiation on cells has been studied and exploited in two different ways, on one side; there are applications of laser, which are mainly related to physical therapy. This field encloses wide possibilities: from internal injuries of muscles and tendons, to external injuries, whether surgical or not, including pain relief, wound healing and cell reproduction. This use of lasers opens a new therapeutic field known as Low Level Laser Therapy. Due the effect on some photon’s energy on adipose cells, the use of laser in pain relief applications leaded to applications in plastic and reconstructive surgery. On the other side, the laser applications for wound healing and cell reproduction lead to applications in cell biology and cell and tissue replacement therapy. In this lecture the background of laser action in human biological tissues and cells will be briefly presented, and the fundamentals of light-tissue, light cell interaction will briefly discussed. The findings of laser effects on adipose tissues and cells will be presented to understand the fundamentals of low level laser assisted liposuction. The importance of fluorescence spectroscopy in cancer diagnostics and malignant cells studies, and finally the use of laser and low coherence light sources for enhancement of cell proliferation and cell differentiation in cell cultures will be given and discussed. Some examples and most of the results presented have been taken from the research at our laboratories.

Key Words: Laser Tissue Interactions, LLLT, Adipocyte, Fat Tissue, Cell Fluorescence, Cellular Cultures, Cellular Replacement Therapy.

MOPM2017 P04


Optically Active 2D Nanostructures

Cecilia Noguez

1. Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 20-364, Cd.México, 01000, México


ABSTRACT:

Chiral systems are optically active and exhibit electronic circular dichroism (CD) in the same electromagnetic window where they absorb light. CD spectroscopy is capable of measuring small differences in light extinction between right and left circularly polarized light, which makes CD a very sensitive tool to distinguish between left and right–handed enantiomers. Understanding how to control and increase the sensitivity limits of CD spectroscopies would have significant impact in pure and applied sciences; providing a powerful tool for exploring and controlling chirality‐dependent phenomena, including circular dichroism, templated enantioselective–growth in stereochemistry, electronic spin filters in spintronics, among other fields. In this talk, the mechanisms that originate and control optical activity in 2D nanoscale systems, such as twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG), are identified using a time-perturbed density functional theory. The experimental realization of thin films with full control of the structural handedness down to the atomic scale, which is possible by stacking two graphene layers whose chiral properties are designed by an interlayer rotation angle is investigated. [1] These results would be significant in the discussion of experimental CD spectra, which allow the development of new strategies to improve the sensitivity of chiroptical spectroscopies.

References

[1] Kim, C.-J.; Sanchez-Castillo, A.; Ziegler, Z.; Ogawa, Y.; Noguez, C.; Park, J. NatureNanotechnology 11, 520–525 (2016)

MOPM2017 P05

Optical nanofibers, a platform for quantum optics

Luis A. Orozco (1)

1. Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, United States.

[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

The development of optical nanofibers (ONF) and the study and control of their optical properties when coupling atoms to their electromagnetic modes has opened new possibilities for their use in quantum optics and quantum information science. These ONFs offer tight optical mode confinement (less than the wavelength of light) and diffraction-free propagation. The small cross section of the transverse field allows probing of linear and non-linear spectroscopic features of atoms with exquisitely low power [1]. The fabrication and characterization of ONFs is crucial for good quantum optics work. The studies include Rayleigh scattering imaging and evanescent coupling. The high gradients in the radial intensity naturally provide the potential for trapping atoms around the ONF, allowing the creation of one-dimensional arrays of atoms that can be probed with polarimetry showing the intrinsic dynamics of the trap. Work supported by the National Science Foundation of the United States and done in collaboration with Pablo Solano, Jeffrey A. Grover, Jonathan E. Hoffman, Sylvain Ravets, Fredrik K. Fatemi, and Steven L. Rolston.

References [1] Pablo Solano, Jeffrey A. Grover, Jonathan E. Hoffman, Sylvain Ravets, Fredrik K. Fatemi, Luis A.Orozco, and Steven L. Rolston. “Optical Nanofibers: A New Platform for Quantum Optics.” In EnnioArimondo, Chun C. Lin, and Susanne F. Yelin, editors, Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and OpticalPhysics, volume 66, pages 439–505. Academic Press, Burlington 2017. (arXiv:1703.10533).

MOPM2017 P06

Wearable and Bedside Biophotonics: technologies at the intersection between personalized medicine and personal health

Bruce J. Tromberg

Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine CA, USA


ABSTRACT:

Biophotonics technologies can be designed to provide quantitative, dynamic information about tissue structure and biochemical composition. Their impact spans from medical diagnostic and therapeutic devices to consumer-based wearable sensors. With advances in device miniaturization and high performance photonics components, the line between conventional medical instruments and consumer devices is becoming increasingly blurred. Health care economic pressures are further accelerating this ambiguity by shifting clinical attention from expensive disease treatments to strategies for cost-effective disease management and prevention. This talk introduces emerging Biophotonics technologies that are capable of characterizing tissue structure and biochemical composition spanning from micro- to macroscopic regimes. We will illustrate the power of both wearable and non-contact optical devices for assessing tissue functional parameters including: tissue blood, water and lipid content; tissue oxygenation and oxygen consumption, heart and respiration rate, and tissue blood flow. Finally, we will consider projected trends in development that are expected to impact how we generate, access, and manage this complex information and improve outcomes for individual patients.

MOPM2017 P07


Parity-Time and Other Symmetries in Optics

Demetri Christodoulides

CREOL-College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida

The prospect of judiciously utilizing both optical gain and loss has been recently suggested as a means to control the flow of light. This proposition makes use of some newly developed concepts based on non-Hermiticity and parity-time (PT) symmetry-ideas first conceived within quantum field theories. By harnessing such notions, recent works indicate that novel synthetic structures and devices with counter-intuitive properties can be realized – potentially enabling new possibilities in the field of optics and integrated photonics. Nonlinear optics describes the behavior of light in media in which the dielectric polarization P responds nonlinearly to the electric field E of the light. This nonlinearity is generally observed with very high power pulsed lasers. For this nonlinearity to be useful – as an optical switch, for example – we need a material with a massive nonlinear response so that the nonlinear effect can be generated at low power levels. This talk will review our progress on developing photonic integrated circuits based on breakthroughs in highly nonlinear materials and nanophotonics. We have demonstrated all-optical ultrafast information processing and we have demonstrated a monolithic integrated photonic chip with terabit per-second bandwidth. Our approach takes advantage of different ultrafast nonlinear process, such as four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman scattering processes and also exploits dispersion engineering and slow-light effects. I will present our recent record-breaking results demonstrating information processing at terabit per second speeds and will discuss prospects for implementation in next generation high bandwidth information systems. These include for example unidirectional invisibility effects, loss-induced transparency, band merging, and new classes of single-mode micro-lasers with improved lasing characteristics. Non-Hermitian degeneracies, also known as exceptional points (EPs), have also emerged as a new paradigm for engineering the response of optical systems. Among many different non-conservative photonic configurations, parity-time (PT) symmetric arrangements are of particular interest since they provide an excellent platform to explore the physics of EPs for enhanced sensing applications. In this talk, we provide an overview of recent developments in this newly emerging field. The use of other type symmetries in photonics will be also discussed.

MOPM2017 P08

Glass-ceramic materials for photonic applications

G. C. Righini1,2*, A. Chiasera3, S. Pelli1,2, L. Zur1,2, M. Ferrari1,3

1. Enrico Fermi Centre, Roma, 00184, Italy2. IFAC CNR, Metropolitan City of Florence, 50019, Italy

3. IFN CNR, CSMFO Lab, Povo-Trento, 38123, Italy* [email protected]

Multifunctional glasses constitute one of the key materials in photonic areas as optical communications and energy. A great example is represented by rare-earth-doped glasses, which have largely contributed to the development of optical amplifiers, lasers, active optical waveguides, white-light-emitting devices, and frequency converters for solar cells.

With the growth of the materials investigation at nanoscale level, it has been rather obvious to look at glasses from a new point of view; thus, the phenomenon of partial crystallization of glass, which can occur during its cooling phase after melting or during a subsequent annealing and that produces micro- and/or nano-crystals inside the otherwise amorphous matrix, has also begun being studied with great attention. Glass-ceramics, in fact, are often produced in this way, by accurately controlling the nucleation and growth of a crystalline phase inside the glass [1].

More generally, glass-ceramics (GCs) may be defined as glasses containing nanometer to micron sized crystals embedded in a glass matrix; they can therefore be considered as a class of nanostructured materials. As the name clearly says, GCs must be considered an intermediate material between inorganic glasses and ceramics; GC materials may be highly crystalline or have a substantial amorphous glass matrix.

Transparent glass-ceramics, in particular, possess specific characteristics of capital importance in photonics. The composition and volume fraction of the crystalline and the amorphous phase determine the properties of a given glass-ceramic. As an example, when rare earths are present in the GC, the crystalline environment around the rare-earth ions allows high absorption and emission cross sections, reduction of the non-radiative relaxation thanks to the lower phonon cut-off energy, and tailoring of the ion-ion interaction by the control of the rare-earth ion partition.

Here an overview of this class of materials is presented, with focus on the transparent GCs, that are showing greater and greater importance in several photonic application areas, including light sources, light amplifiers, optical fibres, but also energy harvesting and biomedicine. Rare-earth-activated GCs and GC waveguides will be the subject of particular consideration.

References

[1] A. de Pablos-Martin, M. Ferrari, M. J. Pascual, G. C. Righini, Glass-ceramics: A class of nanostructuredmaterials for photonics, Rivista del Nuovo Cimento, 38, 311–369 (2015).

MOPM2017 P09

Nanophotonics: Harnessing Light with Structured Materials

Joseph W. Haus

Dept. of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2951

ABSTRACT: Our understanding of the nonlinear optical properties of metal and insulator systems has been guided by development of advanced, comprehensive classical models. The models quantitatively describe the nonlinear phenomena that we observe. Models for free electrons in metals include hydrodynamic plasmonic effects in the extended Drude model, surface and bulk nonlinear contributions, quadrupole effects and third-order nonlinearities in the Lorentz model for bound electrons [1,2]. To understand metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures with nanometer size gaps separating the metals a quantum tunneling model is invoked. The quantum model has nonlinear quantum contributions, which appear in the models as conductance coefficients [3,4,5]. The quantum tunneling theory builds on earlier work on electron tunneling in metal/insulator and superconductor/insulator devices. The quantum conductivity theory (QCT) [4] quantitatively describes electron tunneling via the conductivity terms at the MIM junction. Symmetric MIM junctions has no quantum-based second harmonic (SH) power generated. However, the third-harmonic (TH) quantum tunneling conductivity term is nonzero in symmetric MIMs. With decreasing insulator thickness, the third order conductivity increases up to a peak value and then decreases (a phenomenon termed ‘quantum quenching’). In our experiments the SH signal from both MI and MIM samples are nearly identical; i.e. no quantum contribution from MIM junction. The insulator film is Al2O3 deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) [6] and our MIM junctions are formed by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the MI surface. However, we observed the expected increase of TH signal [3] as the insulator film becomes thinner and peaks at 32 ALD cycles. For fewer ALD cycles the TH signal drops suggesting ‘quantum quenching’. The appearance of peak for TH signal at higher ALD cycles are attributed to the non-uniform surface coverage at fewer ALD cycles.

References [1] M. Scalora et al., “Second- and third-harmonic generation in metal-based structures,” Phys. Rev. A82, 043828 (2010).[2] M. Scalora et al., “Nonlinear Duffing oscillator model for third harmonic generation,”. J. Opt. Soc.Am. B 32, 2129-2138 (2015).[3] J. W. Hauset al., “Quantum Conductivity for Metal-Insulator-Metal Nanostructures,” J. Opt. Soc. Am.B 31, 259 (2014).[4] J. W. Haus et al., “Nonlinear Quantum Tunneling Effects in Nano-Plasmonic Environments: Two-Photon Absorption and Harmonic Generation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31, A13-A19 (2014).[5] M. Scalora et al., “Nonlocal and Quantum Tunneling Contributions to Harmonic Generation inNanostructures: Electron Cloud Screening Effects”, Phys. Rev. A 90, 013831 (2014). [6] Z. Gao, et al., “Unraveling delocalized electrons in metal induced gap states from second harmonics,”ACS Photonics, submitted (2017).

MOPM2017 P10

INVITED

SPEAKERS


Roberto de J. León-Montiel

Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 70-543, 04510 Cd. Mx., México


ABSTRACT:

Controllable devices provide novel ways for the simulation of complex quantum (and classical) open systems. In this talk, I will present different experimental platforms, developed in our group, where the dynamics of Born-Markov open quantum systems can be successfully simulated. In particular, I will discuss the survival of quantum coherence between two indistinguishable particles that co-propagate through complex quantum networks affected by dynamical disorder or noise, and the implementation of the first noise-enabled optical ratchet system.

Figure 1: Schematic representation of the experimental setup used for exploring the survival of quantum coherence between two indistinguishable particles propagating in a dynamically disordered network.

MOPM2017 I01

mailto:[email protected].

Wavefront and Caustic surfaces: A new approach to design and test simple lenses.

Maximino Avendaño-Alejo (1)

1. Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma deMéxico, Circuito Ext. S/N, Cd. Universitaria, C. P. 04510, Cd. de Méx., México


ABSTRACT: We study the formation of caustic surfaces in a meridional plane produced by single lenses, considering a plane wave front propagating parallel to the optical axis. As is well know the shape of the caustic can be modified by changing the parameters of the lens in such a way that if we are able to vanish the caustic, we can design lenses with sharpest images diffraction-limited [1]. Alternatively, we have proposed a method to design Hartmann type null screens to test either qualitatively or quantitatively fast single lenses. We design both radial and square null screens that produce arrays of circular spots uniformly distributed at predefined planes, considering that the CCD sensor is exclusively placed inside the caustic region. The designs of these null screens are based on knowledge of the tangential caustic by refraction and on exact ray tracing. The null screens also serve to improve the alignment in optical systems [2].

Fig1: (a) Image well recorded at detection plane inside the caustic region. (b) CCD sensor has been placed slightly outward of the lens under test for quasi-angular arrays. (c) The null screen has been misalignments.

References [1] M.Avendaño-Alejo,“Caustics in a meridional plane produced by plano-convex aspheric lenses," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 30, 501-508 (2013).[2] G. Castillo-Santiago, D. Castán-Ricaño, M. Avendaño-Alejo, L. Castañeda and R. Díaz-Uribe, “Design of Hartmann typenull screens for testing a plano-convex aspheric lens with a CCD sensor inside the caustic,” Opt. Exp., Vol. 24, No. 17, 19405-19416, #268375, (2016). Acknowledgments PAPIIT-UNAM IN112316.

MOPM2017 I02

Two-dimensional optical ratchets: A fully reconfigurable path to control transport at the microscale

Alejandro Vásquez Arzola(1), Mario Villasante-Barahona(1), Petr Jákl(2), Pavel Zemánek(2),Karen Volke-Sepúlveda(1)

1. Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Apdo. Postal 20-364, 01000 CdMx, Mexico.

2. Institute of Scientific Instruments of CAS, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech RepublicCorresponding author email: [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Initially motivated by the understanding of biological engines and the design of artificial nanodevices, the emergence of directed transport in the presence of unbiased external forces due to a spatiotemporal symmetry breaking has become a major research topic in different scientific areas [1]. This intriguing phenomenon, known as the ratchet effect, lies at the heart of nonequilibrium thermodynamics at the microscopic scale. This model, not only has successfully explained the functioning of a number of systems in nature, but it has also inspired different schemes to sort biomolecules or inorganic microparticles, and to rectify the motion of cold atoms in optical lattices and vortices in superconductors, among others [1]. The rich dynamics arising in ratchets becomes evident from the diverse phenomena that can be observed even in the simplest cases of one-dimensional (1D) systems, such as bidirectional transport depending on size and current reversals [2].

In this work, we introduce a fully reconfigurable 2D ratchet formed with a static asymmetric potential and an unbiased driving generating a rocking mechanism [3]. Our experimental device, based on holographic optical micromanipulation, allows us to create any of the five Bravais lattices in 2D and introduce a spatial asymmetry of the individual potential wells along an arbitrary direction. We demonstrate, numerically and experimentally, controlled transport of Brownian particles in three different schemes of substrate potentials, where the ratcheting arises from the 2D nature of the potential. Motion rectification is obtained along the driving direction (on-axis current), along the transverse direction (lateral current), and also, for the first time to our knowledge, along an oblique direction, without any additional external force.

References [1] P. Hänggi and F. Marchesoni, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 387 (2009).[2] A. V. Arzola, K. Volke-Sepúlveda, and J. L. Mateos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 168104 (2011).[3] A. V. Arzola, M. Villasante-Barahona, P. Jákl, P. Zemanek, and K. Volke-Sepúlveda, Phys. Rev. Lett.118, 138002 (2017).

MOPM2017 I03


Yuri O. Barmenkov, Josue A. Minguela-Gallardo, Alexander V. Kir’yanov

Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, Loma del Bosque 115, León, 37150, México Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

The noise properties of actively Q-switched (AQS) erbium-doped fiber lasers are discussed for two common laser implementations, one with linear Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavity in which two fiber Bragg gratings were used as narrowband reflectors and another one with ring cavity without spectrally-selective components. It is shown that the type of photon noise statistics depends dramatically on the laser geometry. Namely, photon noise of the laser with F-P cavity is described by M-fold degenerate Bose-Einstein statistics [1,2] characterized by very broad and strongly asymmetrical noise distribution, the most powerful events are by an order of magnitude higher than the mean pulse power (Fig. 1(a)). In the case of the laser with ring cavity the photon noise is described by Poisson statistics with distribution that is by a few orders narrower and much symmetrical than in F-P laser (Fig. 1(b)). To determine the type of experimental statistics in terms of photon noise distribution, a detailed modelling is performed. Finally, the noise Q-switched pulses with ~ 500W in magnitude were used as a pump for generating broadband supercontinuum in a standard telecom fiber with anomalous dispersion (Fig. 1(c)).

Figure 1: Normalized photon distributions vs. normalized photon number (normalized power), for (a) Bose-Einstein (M =2) and (b) Poisson statistics (620 photons). In both graphs circles are experimental

points measured for the main sub-pulse of AQS pulse whereas the blue lines show simulation results. The photodetector bandwidth is DC to 3.5 GHz. (c) Supercontinuum spectra from a standard

telecommunication fiber under pumping by AQS pulses, the laser type is marked near each curve.

References [1] Li et al. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29(9), 2568-2578 (1993).[2] Mecozzi J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 17(4), 607–617 (2000).

MOPM2017 I04

NANOPHOTONICS FOR OPTOELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS

Elder De la Rosa

Centro de Investigaciones en Optica, A.P. 1-948, León, Gto. 37150 México


ABSTRACT:

Optical and electronics properties of semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) and ceramic nanocrystals can be tuned by controlling the size and composition, such characteristics make them excellent candidate for applications on biomedicine and optoelectronic devices such as displays, solid-state lighting, photodetectors and solar cells devices. Here in this work, it is discussed the luminescence and electronic properties of such functional nanomaterials and proposed some optoelectronics applications. It is discussed different architecture to optimize the charge transport and then enhancing the efficiency of LEDs and solar cells based on QDs with efficiency of 7.5% and perovskites hybrid material with efficiency of 16%. Hybrid QD-LED and pLED combined with nanocrystals were proposed and analyzed the electro- and photo-luminescence properties in terms of size and composition of nanocrystals, and the appropriate architecture that include organic and inorganic hole and electron transport film to maximize the emission and photoconversion efficiency.

Figure 1. LED based on colloidal QDs and perovskite solar cells properties enhanced with the introduction of perovskite QDs.

MOPM2017 I05


Terahertz spectroscopy: a transdisciplinary tool

E. Castro-Camus (1)

1. Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.C. Loma del Bosuqe 115, Lomas del Campestre, LeónGuanajuato, 37150, México.


ABSTRACT:

In this presentation I will give a general overview on the field of terahertz spectroscopy with particular emphasis on time-domain spectroscopy. In addition I will speak about a series of recent studies in which we have targeted problems in physics[1], chemistry[2], biology[3,4], medicine[5], industry[6] and even in the study of art pieces and other culturally valuable objects[7,8].

References

[1] J. Lloyd-Hughes, et al. Appl Phys Lett 89, 232102 (2006)[2] E. Castro-Camus and M. B. Johnston,Chem Phys Lett 455, 289-292 (2008).[3] E. Castro-Camus, et al. Sci Rep 3, 2910 (2013).[4] R. Gente, et al. J. Inf, Mil & THz Wav 34,316-323 (2013).[5] G. G. Hernandez-Cardoso, et al. Sci Rep 7, 42124 (2017).[6] A. I. Hernandez-Serrano, et al. Appl Opt 53, 7872-7876 (2014).[7] K. Krugener, et al. Sci Rep 5, 14842 (2015).[8] A. M. Gomez-Sepulveda, et al. J Inf Mil & THz Wav 38, 403 (2017).

MOPM2017 I06


M. D. Iturbe CastilloLuis Enrique Erro # 1, 72840 Tonantzintla, Puebla, México

[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Z-scan is a widely used technique to evaluate the real and imaginary part of the nonlinear refractive index of a material, where the far field on axis (close aperture) or total transmittance (open aperture), of a focused Gaussian beam, is measured as a function of the sample position. Analytical expressions that describe the z-scan curves for thin Kerr nonlinear media predict, for a sample with solely a refractive nonlinearity, a peak-valley position difference of 1.7 z0 and a peak-valley transmittance difference of 0.4 , where is the maximum on-axis nonlinear phase change. However in some materials thesefeatures are not followed. This is due to the spatial extension (locality) of the nonlinear phase changes.When these changes have a spatial extension equal to the incident intensity then the material presents alocal response, otherwise the response is nonlocal. In this work we present a model that allows to includethe nonlocality in the response of a thin sample when is illuminate with a Gaussian beam. The modelgives the output field after the sample and then it is possible to calculate the far field intensitydistribution. Under some approximations it is possible to obtain analytical expressions that describe thenormalized transmittance in the z-scan technique for close or open aperture. Influence of the nonlocalityin the far field intensity patterns or in the z-scan curves for materials with refractive and/or absorptivenonlinearity are analyzed.

MOPM2017 I07

In-line fiber interferometers for sensing applications and fiber lasers

D. Jauregui-Vazquez (1), Y. Lopez-Dieguez(1), J.M. Sierra-Hernandez(1), J.C. Hernandez-Garcia(1,2), R. Rojas-Laguna(1) , J.W. Haus(3) and J.M. Estudillo Ayala *(1)

1. Departamento de Elect�nica, Divis��Ingenie��s CIS, Universidad de Guanajuato,Carretera Salamanca-Valle de Santiago Km 3.5 + 1.8 Km, Comunidad de Palo Blanco,

Salamanca, Gto. 36885, Mexico. 2. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur No. 1582, Col. Crédito

Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez, C.P. 039040, Mexico.

3. Electro-Optics Program, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2951, USA*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

We present the advances in the obtaining of interferometry devices how an all-fiber intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (IFPI). By using conventional fiber and special hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, several Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FP) cavities were formed at the conventional fiber tip using arc dis-charges. The IFPI generates several high-order reflected modes, these modes were affected by different physical parameters such as: refractive index, temperature, pressure, load, curvature, Determination of Magnetic Field and displacement [1-3]. In addition, this all-fiber interferometer presents good resolution and sensitivity in each parameter examined. The structure offers compactness, robustness, high repeatability, and stability measurement. We also show a laser cavity configuration that has FP, by using a simple, controlled fiber curvature technique cavity losses are varied over a section of conventional single- mode fiber and the laser output is switched between single-, dual-, and triple-wavelength emission. The fiber laser offers a compact design for a multiple wavelength outputs that can be adopted in future applications.

References [1] D. Jauregui-Vazquez et al. Sensors 13(5), 6355-6364 (2013)[2] D. Jauregui-Vazquez et al. IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL 7(3), 1-9 (2015)[3] Yi Liu et al. Optics Express 25(7), 7797-7806) (2017). Zhiyong Bai

MOPM2017 I08

Coherent quantum effects in acetylene-filled photonic crystal fibers

S. Stepanov1, M. Ocegueda2, N. Casillas1, and E. Hernandez1

1Optics Department, CICESE, Ensenada, 22860, BC, México 2Physics Department, UABC, Ensenada, 22860, BC, Mexico


During last decade it has been demonstrated that the acetylene-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) [1,2] is an excellent experimental object for observation and investigation of coherent quantum effects. In particular, observation of the electromagnetically induced transparency (see e.g. [2]), of optical nutation effect and of photon echo [3] was reported. The main advantage is that these highly interesting and promising for different novel applications quantum coherent effects are observed at room temperature and in communication wavelength spectral region 1520-1540nm. When the acetylene (C2H2) molecules are confined in the hollow core of the PCF cell, strong resonance effects are observed even for 1Watt-scale optical power that allows one to use commercial semiconductor DFB cw lasers combined with EDFA. When the gas-filled HC-PCF cell is terminated with conventional SMF28 fibers, the experimental configuration can be of the all-fiber type, which also enables its easy operation in practical devices.

In our research group at CICESE/UABC in Ensenada we are focused, basically, on investigations of the transient effects, that allows us to utilize the EDFA-amplified optical pulses of potentially higher input power, and also enables investigation of temporal characteristics of the quantum coherent effects in question. In particular, two-pulse photon echo configuration has ensured direct evaluation of the transverse relaxation time T2 8ns at the acetylene pressure 0.4Torr. More detailed recent experiments have resulted in expected pressure dependence of this relaxation time due to the intermolecular collisions.

In [4] we have presented original results on investigation of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) which involves excitation of the gas at different frequencies of two resonance transitions connected with one common energy level. In this experiment illumination of the cell with more powerful “connecting” resonant light makes the gas significantly more transparent for less intensive probe wave at other resonance wavelength. As it follows from our experiments, the EIT observed for the collinear propagation of the connecting pulse and cw probe wave is 2-3 times more effective than in the counter-propagation configuration. Simple model for formation of the EIT absorption dip in the interference pattern of the counter-propagating waves has been proposed. We also discuss influence of the random orientation of the gas molecules and mismatch of the light polarizations due to random birefringence in the PCF cells.

References [1] F. Benabid et al. Nature 434, 488–491 (2005)[2] S. Ghosh et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 093902 (2005)[3] M. Ocegueda et al. Phys. Rev. A 89, 063403 (2014)[4] N. Casillas et al. Appl. Phys. B 123:169 (2017)

MOPM2017 I01


Nikolai Korneev (1)

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, MexicoCorresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

A perturbation theory for weakly distorted regular cavity which has classical ray trajectories lying on invariant tori is constructed to a higher perturbation order, than for the general case. This is possible because of special structure of semiclassical eigenvalues for integrable Hamiltonians [1]. The perturbation magnitude scales here as a characteristic wavelength of a mode instead of a usual wavelength square.

The results are expressed in solutions of the Hill equation; the set includes modes localized along stable periodic ray trajectories, scar modes, corresponding to unstable periodic trajectories, weakly distorted modes of regular cavity, and intermediate cases. The application of method to square, circular and elliptical cavities is outlined. The relation of the solutions to classical ray trajectories as well as comparison with exact numerical results is given.

Figure 1: Typical modes for weakly perturbed circular cavity

References [1] Berry M.V., Tabor, M. Proc. Royal Soc. A 349,101-123 (1976)

MOPM2017 I10

Pulsed laser processing of metallic thin films: micro and nanostructuring

S. Camacho-Lopez(1), M. Camacho-Lopez(2), M. A. Camacho-Lopez(3), P. Segovia-Olvera(1,4), A.Reyes-Contreras(2), V. Ramos Muñiz(1), Y. Esqueda-Barrón(1)

1. Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CarreteraEnsenada-Tijuana 3918, Zona Playitas, 22860, Ensenada Baja California, México

2. Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo de Materiales Avanzados, Facultad de Química,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus Rosedal, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-

Atlacomulco, San Cayetano de Morelos, Toluca C.P. 50925, México 3. Laboratorio de Fotomedicina, Biofotónica y Espectroscopía Láser de Pulsos Ultracortos,

Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Jesús Carranza y PaseoTollocan s/n, Toluca C.P. 50120, México

4. Cátedras CONACyTCorresponding author email: [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Metallic thin films are of great importance for many applications in several technological fields. Technology demands miniaturized devices with complex functionality. Laser processing of materials offers a simple, versatile and powerful way of turning a flat metallic thin film into a more complex and sophisticated film. For instance, metallic oxides with either crystalline or amorphous phases, distinct stoichiometry and morphology can be obtained in the form of high spatial resolution patterns, by using femtosecond laser pulses to induce the synthesis of such oxides in atmospheric air [1]. Another example of modern processing of metallic films is the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS), which consist of structures with periodicity in the order of the wavelength of the processing laser. LIPSS are formed by a single laser beam irradiation and display interesting features such as its orientation either perpendicular or parallel to the light polarization [2,3]. The formation mechanism of the LIPSS is still controversial, although it has been proven being a universal phenomenon, which can occur on a wide variety of materials. In this presentation, I will discuss current knowledge in the field of femtosecond laser-induced metallic oxides (fs-LIMO) and LIPSS, followed by some examples of our own research work on these topics.

References [1] Cano-Lara et al. Opt. Mat. 33, 1648-1653 (2011)[2] Camacho-Lopez at al. Appl. Surf. Sci. 255, 3028–3032 (2008)[3] Reyes-Contreras et al. Opt. Mat. Express 7, 1777–1786 (2017)

MOPM2017 I11

Second harmonic generation from gap plasmon-polariton nanoresonators

A. V. Khomenko and E. Chaikina

Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, B. C.; México

Corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT:

A submicron-wide metallic strip separated by a nm-thin dielectric film from metal substrate is considered as gap plasmon-polariton (GPP) optical nanoresonators. It has been shown that GPP resonators allow strong resonant enhancement in the near field region of the structure, especially in the dielectric gap between two metallic surfaces allowing localization of light far beyond the diffraction limit [1, 2]. Plasmonic excitations can significantly increase the efficiency of nonlinear optical interactions, for instance, second harmonic generation (SHG), which has resulted in a wide new field of research, known as nonlinear plasmonic [3]. In most of the works, single GPP nanoresonators based on the metal-dielectric nanostructures of different configuration were studied.

In this report, we present the results of a comparative study of periodic gratings of GPP nanoresonators metal-dielectric-metal and metal-dielectric-semiconductor. Such nanostructures can be easily fabricated and provide high efficiency SHG. The numerical study of two-dimensional model has been conducted using the finite element software Comsol Multiphysics. Wavelength dependencies of SHG were calculated within the undepleted pump approximation using the fundamental local field to determine normal and tangential components of surface nonlinear polarization of Au-stripes and substrate. The second order surface susceptibility tensor components

and responsible for nonlinear surface

polarization were calculated in terms of linear dielectric functions and 2 as it was proposed inRefs. [3, 4]. The efficiency of SHG was estimated calculating the time average power outflow of SH through a plane parallel to the substrate.

Our results have allowed a detailed comparison of the local fields of fundamental and second harmonic frequency. In addition, our numerical model has permitted to reveal the contribution of each element of nanostructure to SHG by “switching on” and “off” local nonlinear polarization. As a result, we were able to reveal the role of field-enhancement effects in the GPP resonators on SHG. The dependence of SHG efficiency on GPP resonators geometry was analysed and the method to adjust the resonant frequency to particular wavelength of pump light is proposed.

References [1] T. Søndergaard and S. I. Bozhevolnyi, Phys. Stat. Sol. B 245(1), 9-19 (2008).[2] M. Kauranen and A. V. Zayats, "Nonlinear plasmonics," Nature Photonics 6(11), 737-748 (2012).[3] G. Bachelier, et al., Phys. Rev. B 82(6), 235403(5) (2010).[4] B. S. Mendoza and W. L. Mochán, Phys. Rev. B 53(8), 4999-5006 (1996).

MOPM2017 I01

Self-calibrating phase-shifting interferometry based on background light estimation

Cruz Meneses-Fabian

Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal 165. Puebla, Pue. 72000, México


ABSTRACT:

In this work, an algorithm for phase retrieval in phase-shifting interferometry of unknown and unequal three-steps is presented. First, the phase-steps are estimated by applying the least squares method and second, the object phase is calculated via the tangent function [1]. The main contribution of present work is in how the phase-steps are estimated. To carry out this idea, First, from the three interferograms the phase object and modulation light are algebraically eliminated, resulting one only equation in three unknowns: the background light and the phase-steps. Second, the background light is approximated to a 2D polynomial of degree K with which an error function is built. Third, the least squares method is applied to obtain a system of equations where the phase-steps can be computed. The present algorithm is of type self-calibrating, which has several advantages such as the use of a miscalibrated phase shifter and so the calibration is unnecessary, saving hard work and time in the experiment [2], also this kind of algorithms can be applied to measure the refractive index and thickness in a parallel plane plate [3], among others applications.

References [1] C. Meneses-Fabian, Appl. Opt. 56(15), 4278-4283 (2017).[2] K. Larkin, Opt. Express 9, 236–253 (2001).[3] J. J. Fendley, Phys. Educ. 17, 209–211 (1982).

MOPM2017 I13

Improved all-fiber acousto-optic tunable bandpass filter/modulator for mode-locking applications

M. Bello-Jiménez (1), G. Ramírez-Meléndez (1), E. Hernández-Escobar (1)

1. Instituto de Investigación en Comunicación Óptica (IICO), Universidad Autónoma de SanLuis Potosí, Av. Karakorum 1470 Lomas 4a Secc., 78210 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P, México.


ABSTRACT:

We report active mode-locking of an all-fiber ring laser by utilizing a novel in-fiber acousto-optic tunable bandpass filter [1]. Acousto-optic modulation induced by a standing flexural acoustic wave permits the implementation of broad bandwidth (0.91 nm), high modulation depth (0.50), and low-insertion loss (3 dB) all-fiber amplitude modulator that operates in the MHz frequency range. Bandpass modulation is achieved by full acousto-optic mode re-coupling cycle induced by the flexural acoustic wave. Best mode-locked pulses were obtained at 4.8756 MHz repetition rate, with a pump power of 325 mW, at the optical wavelength of 1568.5 nm. The laser cavity is depicted in Fig. 1(a). Transform-limit optical pulses of 12 ps temporal width and 2 W peak power were obtained. Fig. 1(b) shows the shortest optical pulse obtained with the present scheme.

Figure 1: (a) Mode-locked ring fiber laser setup. (b) Autocorrelation trace of a 12 ps pulse.

References [1] G. Ramírez-Meléndez et al. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 29(12), 1015 – 1018 (2017).

MOPM2017 I14

Shaping optical beams with non-integer orbital angular momentum: a differential operator approach

Julio C. Gutiérrez-Vega

Photonics and Mathematical Optics Group, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico


ABSTRACT:

Orbital-angular momentum (OAM) is a fundamental property of a light beam, and its characteristics and applications have been studied extensively since the seminal paper by Allen et al. in 1992 [1,2]. Optical beams with non-integer values of OAM have been generated in several ways. For example, using non-integer spiral phase plates [3,4], suitable superpositions of light modes U(r)exp(imθ) with different values of m [5–7], differential operators acting on Gaussian and Bessel beams [8–10], astigmatic elements, and finite superpositions of Hermite–Gaussian and Laguerre– Gaussian beams. All these procedures are successful in generating a beam with a given value of OAM, but the method presented here offers a much greater flexibility to modify the beam shape keeping the OAM constant. The method has potential applications in optical trapping, micromanipulation, and transfer of OAM by structured light fields.

In this talk, we address the problem of shaping an optical beam given an arbitrary value of its OAM. Our objective is to develop an analytical procedure to generate an optical beam with a particular value of OAM by keeping the flexibility of shaping its transverse intensity distribution without changing its OAM. To this end, we apply the theory of differential operators in Fourier domain to define a creation operator of the beam whose radial and angular parts can be adjusted to shape the intensity pattern.

References [1] L. Allen, M. W. Beijersbergen, R. J. C. Spreeuw, and J. P. Woerdman, Phys. Rev. A 45, 8185 (1992).[2] L. Allen, S. M. Barnett, and M. J. Padgett, Orbital Angular Momentum (Institute of Optics, 2003).[3] M. V. Berry, J. Opt. A 6, 259 (2004).[4] J. Leach, E. Yao, and M. J. Padgett, New J. Phys. 6, 71 (2004).[5] G. Molina-Terriza, J. P. Torres, and L. Torner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 013601 (2002).[6] J. B. Götte, S. Franke-Arnold, R. Zambrini, and S. M. Barnett, J. Mod. Opt. 54, 1723 (2007).[7] J. B. Götte, K. O’Holleran, D. Preece, F. Flossmann, S. Franke-Arnold, S. M. Barnett, and M. J.Padgett, Opt. Express 16, 993 (2008).[8] J. C. Gutiérrez-Vega, Opt. Express 15, 2213 (2007).[9] J. C. Gutiérrez-Vega and C. López-Mariscal, J. Opt. A 10, 1 (2008).[10] I. Martinez-Castellanos and J. C. Gutiérrez-Vega, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 30, 2395 (2013).

MOPM2017 I15

Patenting fiber sensor innovations: a sample of successful cases

R Selvas (1)*, A Castillo-Guzman (1),V Guzman-Ramos(1), L Cortez-Gonzalez(1)

1. Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias FísicoMatemáticas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. C.P.

66455

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

The patenting process has been in several countries a key factor in their competitive market models. In Mexico, some groups are already considering to protect the developments and improvements that arise from their research efforts, and the organism called IMPI is the responsible for protecting worldwide the invention that has been carried out. We are still far from seeing the great benefits that would results from obtaining patents since the issue of licensing has still not taken very seriously in Mexico. However, sooner or later, the Mexican researchers will be have the abilities to negotiate and sell their inventiveness that area creating. The fibre and laser group in the last years, the ideas were protected with patents and the researchers were later economically rewarded by the companies as soon as the patent has the legal grant. In this paper, we will discuss and we will explain the process step by step. Both cases, correspond to fibre optics sensors that were carried out during the process of two different industry projects (1-3). Finally there will be some remarks to explain the interest that companies in Mexico have been paying during the last years.

References [1] R Selvas, A Castillo-Guzman, C Guajarrdo-Gonzalez, F Betancourt-Ibarra, G Rodriguez-Morales, LCortez-Gonzalez, “Instrumento de medición de espesor, relieve, profundidad de punto y registro en placaspara impresión, Patente otorgada # 330198, Registro MX/2010/000925.[2] R Selvas, A Castillo-Guzman, V Guzman.Ramos, M Rodriguez.Ceballos, “Dispositivo de microperforacion laser para peliculas de poliamidas para un proceso de empacado bajo atmosfera modifica,Patente # 343512 , Registro MX/A/2013/008241.[3] Alexandria Virginia, General information concerning patents, USPTO, Oct 2015

https://www.uspto.gov/patents-getting-started/general-information-concerning-patents

MOPM2017 I16

https://www.uspto.gov/patents-getting-started/general-information-concerning-patents


E. A. Kuzin

Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: With the exception of polarization maintaining fibers, the polarization of waves evolves randomly in a fiber because of

the residual fiber birefringence. However, the residual birefringence can be cancelled by twisting the fiber that makes the twisted fiber attractive for nonlinear applications. The stimulated Raman scattering is one of the nonlinear effects which reveals interesting properties in twisted fibers. Raman scattering plays an important role in supercontinuum formation. In this process the initial pump pulses break-up because of the modulation instability, then multiples solitons are formed which are displaced toward longer wavelength by Raman soliton self-frequency shift. Usually the polarization of resulting radiation is random that is undesirable for many applications.

Recently we have shown experimentally that the radiation generated in the process of the pulse break-up of ns pulses and subsequent SSFS in twisted fibers has some tendency to evolve to the circular polarization [1]. In these experiments the dependence of the output polarization on the input one has a flat top at around 200 (-200) when the input polarization ellipticity was changed in the range 100 to 450 (or -100 to -450). The sign of the output polarization ellipticity coincides with the sign of the input ellipticity. The ellipticity was changed fast when the input polarization ellipticity crosses 00. Further investigations were done using single solitons and bound solitons for pumping [2,3]. When single solitons were used, the output polarization ellipticity, in average, follows the input one, however with strong fluctuations. Quite different results were obtained with the use of bound solitons for pumping. The output ellipticity was about 300 (-300) at any input ellipticity and the abrupt switch of the ellipticity sign was detected when the input ellipticity crosses 00. Some insight to the physics of the observed phenomena can be obtained from the evaluation of the equations for Raman amplification taking into account the vectorial theory of the Raman amplification according of which Stokes signal is amplified not only by the pump with polarization parallel to the polarization of Stokes but also by the orthogonal component. The orthogonal Raman amplification is especially significant for relatively small (0 - 3 THz) wavelength shift between pump and Stokes. This talk is the review of the results obtained in INAOE in collaboration with CIO and Dayton University (USA).

References [1] Flores-Rosas, J. I. Peralta-Hernandez, Y. E. Bracamontes-Rodriquez, B. A. Villagomez-Bernabe, G. Beltrán-Pérez, O. Pottiez, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, R. Rojas-Laguna, and E. A. Kuzin, “Observation of high grade ofpolarization of solitons generated in process of pulse breaking-up in a twisted fiber,” J.Opt.Soc.Am. B, 31(4) (2014).[2] Y. Bracamontes-Rodriguez, I. Armas-Rivera, G. Beltran-Perez, O. Pottiez, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, M. Duran-Sanchez, and E. A. Kuzin, “Polarization of vector solitons generated in break-up process in twisted fiber”, OpticsCommunications 349 (2015) 203-208.[3] M. Almanee, J. W. Haus, I. Armas-Rivera, G. Beltrán-Pérez, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, M. Duran-Sanchez, R. I.Álvarez-Tamayo, E. A. Kuzin, Y. E. Bracamontes-Rodríguez, and O. Pottiez, “Polarization Evolution of VectorWave Amplitudes in Twisted Fibers Pumped by Single and Paired Pulses,” Opt. Lett., 41(21), 4927-4930 (2016).[4] N. Korneev, M. Almanee, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, M. Duran-Sanchez, H. Santiago-Hernández, O. Pottiez, J. W.Haus, E. A. Kuzin, Nonlinear self-polarization of Raman amplified light in fibers, accepted to JOSA B.

MOPM2017 I17

POSTERS

Wednesday

September 6

OPTICS

CARRIER FRINGES INTERFEROMETRY IN A QUASI-4F OPTICAL SYSTEM.

Erika Barojas-Gutiérrez (1), Cruz Meneses-Fabián(2), Gustavo Rodríguez-Zurita(3) , Ma. Del Rosario Pastrana-Sánchez(4)

Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Apdo. Postal 165, Puebla, Pue. 72570.

Corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT:

As known, the double-aperture common-path interferometer (DACPI) is based on a 4f optical imaging system of double optical Fourier-transform [1]. This interferometer consists of two windows in the input plane, one of them serves as a reference and the other one serves as a probe, where the phase object under study is placed. In the Fourier plane a binary grating is placed as a spatial filter [2-4], so that in the image plane the interference of the two entrance fields present at the input windows, reference and test, is obtained successfully. It has been shown that by displacing axially the grating or the first lens, respectively, outside of its initial plane a term of linear phase is introduced into the interference pattern [3], whose carrier frequency is directly proportional to axial displacement of the grating or the lens, respectively, and inversely proportional to the product of the grating period and its focal length [4]. In the present work is shown that when the second lens is axially moved the interference pattern is not modified. In addition, it is developed the general mathematical analysis of system named cuasi-4f, when all the optical elements are displaced from their initial planes, where a proof of the veracity of this result can be reduced to the optical Fourier-transform when the displacements are zero, which is a result already known. This description is developed by applying the Fresnel diffraction theory instead of the Fourier theory, as used in a DACPI.

References [1] Arrizón V, Sánchez-de-la-Llave D. “Common-path interferometry with one-dimensional periodicfilters,” Opt Lett 29, 141–143 (2004).[2] Meneses-Fabian C, Rodriguez-Zurita G, Arrizon V. “Optical tomography of transparent objects withphase-shifting interferometry and stepwise-shifted Ronchi ruling”. J Opt Soc Am A 23, 298–305 (2006).[3] Meneses-Fabian C, Rodriguez-Zurita G, Vazquez-Castillo JF, Robledo-Sanchez C, Arrizon V.“Common-path phase-shifting interferometer with binary grating”. Opt Commun 264, 13–17 (2006).[4] Cruz Meneses-Fabian, Erika Barojas-Gutierrez, Gustavo Rodriguez-Zurita, Carlos Robledo-Sanchez,Rosario Pastrana-Sanchez, Andrey S. Ostrovsky. “Carrier fringes by axial translation of the first lens in adouble apertura common-path interferometer”. Opt. Laser Eng. 51, 164-168 (2014)

MOPM2017 O01

Digital Lensless Holographic Microscopy

Alberto Cordero Dávila (1), Jesús Eduardo Brito Carcaño (2), Carlos Manuel Ortiz Lima (3), Ana Elizabeth Espinosa Mómox (4),

1. FCFM Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla2. FCFM Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla3. FCFM Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla4. FCFM Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla

Corresponding author email: ticjebc @gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

For observing a microscopic object, it is common to use an optic microscope; but the optic microscope has several disadvantages such as high-cost, hard portability and low field of view if we are looking forward high magnification along with high resolution. These issues can be evaded by using a Digital Lensless Holographic Microscope (DLHM). The DLHM is composed by a light source (for example a LED), a pinhole (used for a better special coherence) and a detector; a few centimetres from the source we have the undersampling object and under the object, some millimetres away we the image sensor is set up (CMOS or CCD).

For recovering the amplitude and phase of the object, the irradiance which was sensed with the CMOS can be performed as a hologram [1]. On the other hand, another point of view is that the irradiance can also be considered directly as the diffraction pattern [2].

We present, results obtained with a DLHM using a LED as illumination source and a cost-effective webcam CMOS.

References [1] Gabor, Dennis, “Microscopy by reconstructed wave-fronts”, Proceedings of the Royal Society, (1948)[2] Ozcan Aydogan, McLeod Euan, “Lensless Imaging and Sensing”, Annual Reviews Further, (2016).

MOPM2017 O02

Irradiance of an aberrated wavefront

Alberto Cordero-Dávila(1), Ana Elizabeth Espinosa-Mómox(1), Carlos Manuel Ortiz-Lima(1), Edgar Moyotl-Hernández(1), Mónica Macías-Pérez(1)

1. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla


ABSTRACT:

The wavefront at the exit pupil of an optical system differs from the ideal spherical wavefront in an amount called the aberration function, w(x,y), which is described as a linear combination of a set of orthonormal Zernike polynomials. From w(x,y) the components of the transverse aberration can be obtained and the well-known spot diagrams can be calculated. However, we have noticed that the calculation of the irradiance in the plane of the detector is not familiar.

So, to do this, we have developed a computational program. To start, the program delimits the edges of a CCD in the image plane, then, it locates the area of each pixel of the CCD. For each ray coming out of the exit pupil, the transverse aberration is calculated and the pixel to which the ray comes is located. This procedure is repeated for a very large number of rays coming out of the exit pupil, finding the number of rays arriving at each pixel. This amount is considered as a measure of the irradiance in each pixel. The graphs of the irradiance of some aberrations and combinations of them are shown.

This program is available at: www.fcfm.buap.mx/cslab/fooss

MOPM2017 O03

http://www.fcfm.buap.mx/cslab/fooss

Refractive index of a plane parallel plate by the Euclidean distance method and fringe counting

Marymar Castillo-Luna, Cruz Meneses-Fabian, Gustavo Rodríguez-Zurita, María del Rosario Pastrana-Sánchez, José Eduardo Espinosa Rosales

Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal 165. Puebla, Pue. 72000, México


ABSTRACT:

The index of refraction is a fundamental physical property in solids and liquids, its measurement is of great interest by the diverse applications in the industry. This work presents a method to measure the refractive index, thickness and angular position of a plane parallel plate, by using phase-shifting interferometry techniques and by fringe counting. In a two-arm interferometer a pattern of reference fringes is created, the plate under study is placed in the test arm to be rotated at different angles [1, 2]. As known the plate introduces phase steps into the reference pattern, which are measured for several angles. The multiply of 2π are achieved by counting the integer number of fringes, and the fraction (0, π) is measured by applying an algorithm of type self-calibrating generalized phase-shifting interferometry particularly such as the Euclidean Distance (ED) method [3]. These shifts are associated with the index of refraction, thickness and angular position by means of an equations system that allows to determine each one of the variables.

References [1] G. Rodriguez-Zurita, R. Pastrana-Sanchez, and J. Vazquez-Castillo, “Simultaneous measure ofrefractive index and thickness of dielectric plane parallel plates by fringe counting: a case for generalizedregression,” RMF 45(5) (1999) 490.[2] J. J. Fendley, “Measurement of refractive index using a Michelson interferometer,” Phys. Educ. 17,209–211 (1982).[3] C. Meneses-Fabian and F.A. Lara-Cortes, "Phase retrieval by Euclidean distance in self-calibratinggeneralized phase-shifting interferometry of three steps," Opt. Express 23, 13589-13604 (2015).

MOPM2017 O04

Analysis of systematic errors in the null-screen test on a parabolic through solar collector

Andrés Peña Conzuelo (1), Manuel Campos García (1)

1. Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma deMéxico, Apto. Postal 70-186, C.P 04510, México D.F., México.


ABSTRACT:

In this work, we present an analysis of systematic errors caused by misalignments of the camera in the optical system when testing a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) through the null-screen method. We perform simulations of the optical system in its ideal configuration and in various states of misalignment of the camera through pure rotations and translations along the three spatial axes. We compare the results of these simulations in terms of the properties of the normal vectors generated by the surface with the ideal case and we found the precision of the test for both types of misalignments to be between 0.0003 and 0.002 mrad.

Acknowledgements This work was made possible with the support of CeMIE-Sol, Fund SECTORIAL CONACYT-SENER-

SUSTENTABILIDAD ENERGÉTICA, Strategic Project No. 207450, Subproject P18.

References [1] M. Campos-García, R. Bolado-Gómez, R. Díaz-Uribe, “Testing fast aspheric concave surfaces with a cylindricalnull screen”, Appl. Opt. 47, 849-859 (2008).[2] M. Avendaño-Alejo, V.I. Moreno-Oliva, M. Campos-García, R. Díaz-Uribe, “Quantitative evaluation of an off-axis parabolic mirror by using a tilted null screen”, Appl. Opt. 48, 1008-1015 (2009).[3] V. Moreno-Oliva, R. Diaz-Uribe and M. Campos-García (2010). Shape Measurement of Solar Collectors by NullScreens, Solar Collectors and Panels, Theory and Applications, Reccab Manyala (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-142-8,Sciyo, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/shape-measurement-of-solar-collectors-by-null-screens.[4] Víctor Iván Moreno-Oliva, Manuel Campos-García, Edwin Román-Hernández and Agustín Santiago-Alvarado.“Design of a single flat null-screen for testing a parabolic trough solar collector”. OE 53. 114108-4 (2014).

MOPM2017 O05

http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/shape-measurement-of-solar-collectors-by-null-screens

http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/shape-measurement-of-solar-collectors-by-null-screens

�

Behavior of the centroids within the caustic of a fast lens

Gabriel Castillo-Santiago (1), Maximino Avendaño-Alejo (1)

1. Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma deMéxico, C. P. 04510, Apdo. Postal 70-186, Cd. de Méx.


ABSTRACT:

A null screen is either a set of non-uniform curves or spots in order to produce an array uniformly distributed at the plane of detection, which is defined arbitrarily providing the design parameters of the surface to be evaluated. If there is not any deformation on both surfaces of the lens under test, the recorded image will be null in the plane of detection with respect to the predefined pattern, otherwise the alterations in the images will be associated to deformations on the surface under test or misalignments. In this work, we design Hartmann-type null screens as is explained in [1], by placing the detection plane at different places inside the caustic surface, considering an exact ray tracing for a fast lens. If the experimental setup is aligned, the centroids of the pictures at every plane should be the same.

Figure 1: (a) Example of a null screen design. (b) Diagram of the different planes of detection inside and outside of caustic. (c) Picture at the design position of the null screen (a).

References [1] Gabriel Castillo-Santiago, et. al., "Design of Hartmann type null screens for testing a plano-convexaspheric lens with a CCD sensor inside the caustic," Opt. Express 24, 19405-19416 (2016)

MOPM2017 O06

New approach for the ray tracing at second order of single lenses.

Osvaldo Ponce-Hernández (1), Maximino Avendaño-Alejo (1)

1. Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma deMéxico, C. P. 04510, Apdo. Postal 70-186, Cd. de México.

[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

We study the formation of caustic surfaces produced by single lenses, considering a plane wavefront propagating parallel to the optical axis. The shape of the caustic can be modified by changing the different parameters of the lens such as refractive index of the medium, refractive index of the lens, radius of curvature, conic constants and the thickness of the lens, in such a way that if we are able to vanish the caustic surface, the optical system produces an image without spherical aberration. We provide analytic equations for the ray tracing considering parabolic principal surfaces (PPS) instead of paraxial principal planes (PPP). Furthermore, we show that the PPS have their vertices at principal points. Additionally, we study the properties of principal surfaces and their respective approximations when the thickness of the lens tends to zero.

Figure 1: Image that shows parabolic principal surfaces (PPS) and paraxial principal planes (PPP) of a single lens.

References [1] M. Avendaño-Alejo, et al. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 28 2619-2628 (2011)[2] O. Ponce-Hernández, et al. Proc. of SPIE 9947, Art. No. 994707 (2016)[3] G. Castillo-Santiago, et al. Appl. Opt., 53, 4939-4946 (2014)

MOPM2017 O07


Design of a solar concentrator considering linear Fresnel reflectors

Martín Jiménez-Rodríguez (1), Maximino Avendaño-Alejo (2)

1. Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México,Circuito Ext. S/N. Cd. Universitaria, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México

[email protected](1), [email protected](2)

ABSTRACT: Nowadays solar concentrating collectors such as cylindrical parabolic collectors and Compound Parabolic Collectors (CPCs) have found an important application in the solar energy industry; in particular they have been implemented in solar photocatalytic treatment. In order to efficiently redirect the reflected light on the photocatalytic samples placed inside of a pipe glass coil, we have designed a small-scale prototype of Linear Parabolic Fresnel Collectors (LPFCs). The prototype consists of six LPFCs, which has been designed considering the caustic surface obtained though an exact ray tracing, assuming a bundle of rays impinging perpendicular to reflecting Fresnel surface. We have optimized the concentration of light in a similar way as a singlet condenser lenses does. The main idea to design LPFCs has been to concentrate the reflected light on a predefined extended area. A preliminary prototype has been fabricated using computer numerical controlled milling equipment (CNC).

Figure 1. a) Exact ray tracing for a LPFCs transversal section, b) single-channel diagram of LPFCs. References

[1] A. Durán, J.M. Monteagudo, “Solar photocatalytic degradation of reactive blue 4 using a Fresnellens”, Science Direct, 690-698 (2007)[2] J. M. Monteagudo, A. Durán, “Fresnel lens to concentrate solar energy for the photocatalyticdecoloration and mineralization of orange II in aqueous solution”, Chemosphere, 1242-1248 (2006)

Incident Rays

Ref

lect

ed R

ays

MOPM2017 O08

Designs of null screens for testing a Fresnel mirror

Samuel Maca García (1), Martín Jiménez Rodríguez (1), Maximino Avendaño Alejo (1)

1. Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma deMéxico, C. P. 04510, Apdo. Postal 70-186, Ciudad de México.


ABSTRACT:

A method to design Hartmann type null screens to test qualitatively Fresnel mirror is presented. We design both radial and square null screens that produce arrays of circular spots uniformly distributed at predefined planes, considering a CCD sensor placed outside of the caustic region. The designs of these null screens are based on knowledge of the caustic by refraction and on exact ray tracing. The null screens also serve to improve the alignment in optical systems. A preliminary test for a Fresnel mirror which has a focal distance f=17.8 cm, diameter D=28.7cm, and the radius of curvature at the vertex R=35.6cm. Null tests are motivated by the fact that the interpretation of the surface shape is simplified, and the visual analysis turns out to be straightforward for both qualitative and quantitative tests.

Figure 1: Fresnel reflecting surface

Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the economic support received from Centro Mexicano de Innovación en Energía Solar (CeMIE-Sol), CONACYT-SENER-SUSTENTABILIDAD ENERGETICA, Project No. 207450 Subproject P18.

References [1] Gouthamraj et al. IJEIT. Volume(2), 66-69 (2013)[2] Buljan et al. 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 5th WorldConference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, (2010).[3] Wallhead et al. Opt. Express 20(S6), A1005–A1010 (2012)

MOPM2017 O09

Study of a Coherent Bandpass Filter in a 4f System

Flor A. Trinidad-Torres1, A. Montes-Pérez1, P. Tolentino-Eslava1,C. Robledo-Sánchez1, N.I. Toto-Arellano2

1 Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas - BUAP 2 Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo

ABSTRACT:

A desirable feature in imaging systems is that allow a wide range of focal depth, without sacrificing the luminous capture of the optical system. In the present work, a annular filter study is done, i.e. a coherent band pass filter in the Fourier plane of a system 4f, which allows to increase the focal depth, without reducing the luminous capture. Theoretical analysis and numerical results are presented.

MOPM2017 O10

Simplified Intensity Transport Equation (SITE) forthe Recovery of Wavefront in Metrology Optics

J. A. Arriaga-Hernandez, F. Granados-Agustın, A. Cornejo-RodrıguezDepartment of Optic, Institute National of Astrophysics, Optic and Electronic (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro 1,

Tonantzintla, Puebla Mexico, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

From the basic theory of the irradiance transport equation (ETI), a simplified SITE is derived; and it is solved by triangularfinite elements using irradiance measurements in two close planes. From original's Teague [1] works on the relationbetween a wavefront, W , and its irradiance, I, in two different planes, we derived the Irradiance Transport Equation (ITE),

− 2π

λ

∂ I (x,y)∂ z

= O I (x,y)Oφ (x,y) + I (x,y,z)OT2φ (x,y) , (1)

We reduce the Eq. 1 considering Shomali works et. al [3], which assumed some consideration to neglect the prism termwithout a mathematical proof of it. To prove it, we employ the intermediate value theorem applied to the to irradiance I(~r)and simplify the axial difference, first right hand term of the Eq. 1 in a directional derivative. We obtain an expression thatcan be eliminated from this term. Finally we achieve our goal: the Simplified Transport Intensity Equation (STIE)

− ∂ I (x,y,z)∂ z

= I (x,y,z)OT2W (x,y) . (2)

We propose the Triangular Finite Element Method (TFEM) [4] and Dirchlet edge condition to solve the Eq. 2, as we cansee in Fig. 1 to get finally the 3-D waveform W (x,y), Fig. 1 e).

Fig. 1. a) Lens under test; b) typical irradiance distribution in a plane; c) triangular mesh of b); d)irradiance mesh data and e) wavefront shape.

References1. M.R. Teague, ”Deterministic phase retrieval: a Green's function solution” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 73 1434-1441 (1983).2. K. Ichikawa, A. W. Lohmann, and M. Takeda. ”Phase retrieval based on the irradiance transport equation and Fourier transform method:

experiments” , Appl. Opt. 17 3433 -3436 (1988).3. R. Shomali, A. Darudi, and S. Nasiri. ”Application of irradiance transport equation in aspheric surface testing”, Optik. 123, 1282-1286

(2012).4. J. H. Bramble and M. Zlamal. ”Triangular Elements in the Finite Element Method”, Mathematics of Computation AMS. 24, 809-820 (1971).

MOPM2017 O11

Transfer of Orbital Angular Momentum to microparticles from an annular vortex beam.

Rafael Páez-López(1), Ulises Ruiz (1), Víctor Arrizón (1), Rubén Ramos-García (1).

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica. Luis Enrique Erro #1 Tonantzintla, Puebla, MéxicoCorresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

In this work, we show the manipulation and transfer of orbital angular momemtum (OAM) using an annular vortex beam (AVB). This AVB maintains a fixed annular radius while the topological charge is modified. The AVB is generated experimentally employing a synthetic phase hologram (SPH) displayed on a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) that provide the optimum diffraction efficiency and high quality of reconstruction [1, 2]. Using the SLM, a collimated Gaussian beam can be reshaped to produce any complex beam profiles, such as optical vortices. When microparticles are illuminated with this AVB, the light is able to transfer efficiently OAM, causing the particles to rotate (Figure 1). We demonstrate the features of the AVB generated and measure the high angular velocities achieved due to the angular momentum transfer to 3 µm particles, and discuss the advantages of this AVB respect to the conventional vortex (CV) and the helical axicon (HA) [3].

Figure 1: Experimental capture of 3 µm particles trapped by the AVB with different radii, using (a) negative and (b) positive topological charges.

References [1] V. Arrizón et al. Opt. Lett. 40, 1173-1176 (2015)[2] V. Arrizón et al. Opt. Comm. 356 170-174 (2015)[3] R. Páez-López et al. Opt. Lett. 41, 4138-4141 (2016)

MOPM2017 O12

Random distribution of pixels to avoid aliasing effects.

Joan M. Villa-Hernandez1, Arturo Olivares-Pérez1, Rosaura Vallejo -Mendoza1*, Roxana Luna-Hernandez1.

1.- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, calle Luis Enrique Erro No. 1, Santa María Tonantzintla, Z.P. 72840, Puebla, México.

E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-662-2218-758.

ABSTRACT:

Study of the effects obtained when applying patterns with different proprieties in gray and color images. Based in the techniques used in the printing industry, we propose square arrangements of binary pixels with the purpose of make a binary representation of the original image with apparent shades.

The sizes of the arrangements are related with the amount of levels that can be simulated, but there are many possibilities in the placements of the pixels. Setting the distribution, fringes and patterns are produced in the zones where the tone is the same, obtaining aliasing effects.

Figure 1: Example of arrangements of different sizes.

To avoid this, we introduce random variations in the distribution, leaving as only parameter the number of elements. This way, can be obtained different arrangements for the same value and avoid the patterns. This work includes a series of studies and images for these effects, showing the viability even with color images.

MOPM2017 O13


M0i•M MEXICAN OPTICS AND

PHOTONICS MEETING

Sopt11mt>,r 6- e 2017 Tonantzintla Pue Mexico

Challenges in high-resolution holographic printer designs using motor stepper X-Yplatforms.

Rosaura Vallejo -Mendoza1*, Joan M. Villa-Hernandez1, Roxana María HerránCuspinera1,Arturo Olivares-Pérez1.

1Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, calle Luis Enrique Erro No. 1, Santa MaríaTonantzintla, Z.P. 72840, Puebla, México.

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected];Tel.: +52-222-2663-100; Fax: +52-222-2472-940.

Abstract

At the present time the technology requires more precise devices to minimize effects that can causelosses in the resolution and definition in the writing of holograms generated by computer. One problemthat has been frequently detected in high-resolution holographic printers is the X-Y platform withbipolar stepper motors.The holographic printers use the bipolar motors in steps to give position and control the speed usingthem in operation mode in microstepping, nevertheless in order to continue to achieve printers of highresolution systems are being implemented to reduce the microstepping and as consequences there arethermal increases and mechanical failures of such devices.This paper will explain the main cause of why these phenomena are being presented and what devicesare being used to solve this problem that is presented in the engines.

MOPM2017 O14

Use of tuning forks as proximity sensors in the near-field microscopy

Marco A. Canchola Chavez and J. Félix Aguilar Valdéz

INAOE, México Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

The atomic force microscopes (AFMs) or tracing force microscopes (SFMs) are a type of very high resolution scanning probe microscope (SPM), as demonstrated with resolutions of a fraction of a nanometer. The AFMs are one of the main tools to generate images, measure and manipulate matter at the nanoscale. AFMs works by measuring the atomic interaction attractive or repulsive force) of the forces between a tip and a sample. Today, the majority of AFMs used an optical sensor lever - a costly system that can reach the peak m resolution. The optical lever (cantilever) operates by reflecting a laser beam out of the cantilever.

Recently, the fingerboard quartz sensors (QTFs) are being developed and it is well established that the quartz tuning forks can be used as sensors for acoustic and force microscopy [1]. The quartz tuning forks were originally introduced in the field of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) by Günther et al. [2] and, subsequently, by Karrai and Grober. Giessibl et al. employed by atomic resolution AFM imaging. The Tuning Forks were used as sensors at low temperatures and in the magnetic fields of high intensity by Rychen et al. [3]. The arms of the tuning forks have several advantages: high amplitude and phase of sensitivities, as well as a high quality mechanical factor.

Figure 1: Outline of the proposed system. References

1. New form of scanning optical microscopy R. C. Reddick, R. J. Warmack and T. L. Farrel PhisicalReview Vol 39 Num. 1 Junary 1989

2. Direct visualization of evanescent optical waves Dimitri A. Papathanassoglou Brian Vohnsen Am. J.Phys., Vol. 71, No. 7, July 2003

3. Progress in Optics Vol XI Wolf E. 1973

MOPM2017 O15

PHOTONICS

Modeling electrical response of biofluids

Anays Acevedo-Barrera, Augusto García-Valenzuela, Asur Guadarrama-Santana

Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-186, 04510 México D. F., México

[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

A simplified model is proposed to study the electrical response of biofluids. This model facilitates interpreting the results in electrical impedance measurements. The model consists of a biphasic system, a suspension of micrometric spheres embedded in an homogeneous fluid. Both mediums are considered electrolytes of different conductivities.

Figure 1: (a) Scheme of the sensor. (b) Behavior of system capacitance against the ions density.

The application of our model to the characterization of osmotic fragility in human blood cells is presented. Measurements are realized using an LCR meter and a parallel-plate capacitive sensor (Fig. 1 (a)). The behavior and sensitivity of electrical parameters to the density of free charges (ions and counterions) in both phases is studied (Fig. 1 (b)).

References [1] A. Sihvola, “Electromagnetic Mixing Formulas and Applications”, London, United Kingdom:The Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2008.[2] M. M. Klee, “Biology’s built-in Faraday cages”, American Journal of Physics, vol. 82, no. 5,pp. 451-459, 2014.

(a) (b)

MOPM2017 F01

Theoretical Study of light-actived Molecular Motors

R. A. Vázquez-Nava

Centro de Investigaciones en Optica A. C.

[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

In the last years there has been an increase in the use of mathematics in the biological sciences. Today,its application to cellular and molecular biology is so pervasive that it often goes unnoticed. Thedetermination of the dynamic properties of cell and enzymes, expressed in the form of enzyme kineticmeasurements or receptor-ligand binding are substantial areas of biology that have advanced bymathematic, such as computational neuroscience, population dynamics, ecology, spread of diease, andphylogenomics. However, still there is much work to do specially at the nanoscopic level wherebiological processes overlap with the processes of organic chemistry and need models suitables for thedescription of these processes. In this work, we will give an overview of some mathematical models thatare used to study light-actived molecular motors.

References[1] J. Xing, H.Wang y G. Oster 2005. Biophysical Journal 89, 1551.[2] A. B. Kolomeisky y M. E. Fisher. 2007. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 58, 675.[3] H.Wang. 2008. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 5, 1.[4] F. Bai, C-J. Lo, R. M. Berry y J. Xing 2009. Biophysical Journal 96 3154.

MOPM2017 F02

Windowing analysis for LSI improvement in blood vessel visualization

S. Rosales, H. Peregrina-Barreto, J. Rangel-Magdaleno,R. Ramos-Garcia, J. C. Ramirez-San-Juan

Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro No. 1, Sta. Maria Tonantzintla, México, 72840.


ABSTRACT:

Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI) is a well-known technique used for relative blood flow estimation. However, one of the main concerns of LSI is that as depth blood vessel () increases, it becomes difficult to achieve a good blood vessel definition due to the highly scattering of the tissue on it [1]. Usually the contrast values in LSI are computed by using a standard size (𝑤5𝑥5) for the analysis window [2]. In thiswork, it is performed an analysis of the effect in the blood vessel definition when the LSI is computed with different window sizes.

Figure 1: LSI results by computing contrast with (left) 𝑤5𝑥5, (center) 𝑤11𝑥11 and (right) 𝑤19𝑥19.

A raw speckle image of a bifurcated vessel at 𝜌 = 200𝜇𝑚 was used to compute the LSI values; the vessel diameter is 300𝜇𝑚 and comprises 10 pixels width on the image. As observed, a window size that is closer to fit with the blood vessel diameter (Fig. 1b) obtain an improvement in the vessel definition. Whereas, if a window size smaller than the vessel diameter is used, the vessel definition is lower but also the image is noisier (Fig. 1a). Moreover, if a window size larger than the vessel diameter is used, not only the vessel diameter will be increased but also several regions could be merged (Fig. 1c), an inconvenient when several blood vessels are near each other. In conclusion, when the LSI is computed with an accurate window size, a best blood vessel definition will be achieved.

References [1] Fang et al. Biomed. Opt. Express 1(1), 165-175 (2010)[2] Uludag et al. NeuroImage, 22(2):583–589, (2004).

MOPM2017 F03

Improvement of the In Vitro Application of Photodynamic Therapy with the Minimum Requirement of Light and Photosensitizer

Teresita Spezzia-Mazzocco, Luis Daniel Luna-Hernández, Erick Ivan Barros-de-la-Cruz, Julio Cesar Ramírez-San-Juan, Rubén Ramos-García

Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica Luis Enrique Erro 1, Sta Ma Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, México


ABSTRACT:

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an innovative method which uses the activation of an innocuous dye with visible light to active a self-destruction process in harmful cells or pathogenic microorganisms. It is an alternative to traditional treatments, contributing in many cases with considerable advantages, such as, few or no side effects, increased efficiency, reduced treatment time and low costs. This method has been studied and applied mainly in the treatment of various types of cancer. However, their applications are much broader, there are relatively new studies and case reports in other areas, and example of these is the treatment of skin infections by different type of bacterial or fungal pathogens. Even though the side effects are minimal, there are people with greater sensitivity to chemical compounds or light. Or in some cases, the toxicity to the microorganism is due to the high dose of the chemical compound, rather than the activation of self-destructive biological processes. For this reason, is desirable to find the least invasive dye concentration and the minimum light dose but yet obtain efficient PDT treatment. In an earlier study we found that by applying repeated doses of irradiation with lower light density in a dermatophyte fungus, we obtained the same or even better results than with a single application of light at higher density. In this work we studied different light densities applied with 2 or 3 repetitions of irradiation, as well as different photosensitizer concentrations. We show that it is possible to obtain satisfactory results of photodynamic inactivation using very low concentration of dye and light density, using as model Trichophyton mentagrophytes fungus.

References: Baltazar L, Ray A, Santos D, Cisalpino P, Friedman A, Nosanchuk J. 2015. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an effective alternative approach to control fungal infections. Frontiers in Microbiology 6(202).

Calzavara-Pinton P, Rossi MT, Sala R, Venturini M. 2012. Photodynamic Antifungal Chemotherapy. Photochemistry and Photobiology 88:512–522.

Spezzia-Mazzocco T, Torres-Hurtado SA, Julio Cesar Ramírez-San-Juan JC, Ramos-García R. 2016. In vitro effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with methylene blue in two different genera of dermatophyte fungi. Photonics & Lasers in Medicine 5:203–210.

MOPM2017 F04

Nonimaging retinal oximeter

Karla J. Sánchez-Pérez (1), Javier Herrera-Vega (1), Enrique O. Graue-Hernandez (2), José Luis Rodríguez-Loaiza (2), Rodrigo Matsui-Serrano (2), Felipe Orihuela-Espina (1), Juan Bianchi (2),

Carlos G. Treviño-Palacios (1)

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, 72840, Mexico2. Instituto de Oftalmología F.A.P. Conde de Valenciana, 06800, Mexico


ABSTRACT:

One of the most common complications of diabetes is the diabetic retinopathy [1]. This condition is the major cause of blindness in the world [2]. In Mexico, the diabetes mellitus disease is particularly outstanding because of it affects approximately to 14 million people in working age [3]. Nowadays, there is a number of procedures used to treat diabetic retinopathy and thereby preserving the vision [1], but performing such a vast number of specialized ocular studies is unfeasible [4]. Before this situation, we designed a simple non-invasive screening device for monitoring oxygen saturation at the retina. The main characteristic of our device is that it is not based on image processing. The aim of this work is to produce a rapid and simple portable system for screening retinal oximetry in clinical practice and asset diabetic retinopathy potential damage. The operation of our retinal oximeter relies on a combination of continuous and pulsed wave signals which interact with two components of the total hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. The difference in their absorption spectrum of light permits the computation of the oxygen saturation (SaO2) values. We have conducted clinical trials on a cohort of patients with ocular medical conditions, with very promising results. The data analysis obtained exhibits a correlation, between the SaO2 values provided by our device and the OCT images of patients with retinal damage, in more than the 80% of the cases studied. The success of our device deserves further research on noninvasive retinal SaO2 monitoring devices through novel twists to well-known techniques.

References [1] J. R. Evans, M. Michelessi, y G. Virgili, “Laser photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy”,Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., núm. 11, p. CD011234, 2014.[2] R. R. A. Bourne, G. A. Stevens, R. A. White, J. L. Smith, S. R. Flaxman, H. Price, J. B. Jonas, J. Keeffe,J. Leasher, K. Naidoo, K. Pesudovs, S. Resnikoff, y H. R. Taylor, “Causes of vision loss worldwide, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis”, Lancet Glob. Health, vol. 1, núm. 6, pp. e339–e349, dic. 2013.[3] “Diagnóstico y tratamiento de retinopatía diabética”, Secretaría de Salud, México, jun. 2015.[4] G. Olaiz, R. Rojas, S. Barquera, T. Shamah, C. Aguilar, P. Cravioto, P. López, M. Hernández, R. Tapia,y J. Sepúlveda, “Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000. Tomo 2. La salud de los adultos.”, Instituto Nacionalde Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México., 2003.

MOPM2017 F05

Visualization of deep vessel through of homogeneity representation and kurtosis analysis

Cruz E. Pérez-Corona (1), Hayde Peregrina-Barreto (1), J. P. Padilla-Martínez (2), José Rangel-Magdaleno (1), Rubén Ramos-García (1), Julio C. Ramírez-San-Juan (1)

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Tonantzintla, Puebla, México.2. Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México.


ABSTRACT:

The visualization of deep vessel is used in many biological and biomedical applications. One the most used technique for this purpose is Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI) [1]. It has been reported that LSI is able to visualize only superficial blood vessels (i. e. ρ ≤ 300µm depth) [2] due to the highly scattering nature of the surrounding tissue. There are several techniques that improve the visualization of the deep vessels but all of them require an external agent or stimulus. The objective of this work is to propose a non-invasive method to improve the localization and visualization of deep vessels in skin phantoms through digital image processing and texture analysis, specifically in a technique based in a homogeneity description and kurtosis analysis.

Figure 1 show a comparison between contrast analysis and homogeneity analysis with kurtosis at different depths in a straight vessel, we can see that in the homogeneity representation there is less noise and the vessel is better defined compared to those based on contrast analysis. With homogeneity representation and kurtosis analysis we recovery more information of the vessel. In conclusion, the homogeneity analysis can be used to located depth vessels with different morphologies and depths as great as 900µm, i.e. three times greater than standard analysis.

Fig. 1 Comparasion between contrast analysis and homogeneity representation at different depths a, d) 0 µm, b, e) 400 µm, c, f) 900 µm in a straight vessel.

References [1] J. D. Briers and S.Webster. J. Biomed. Opt, 1(2), 174–179, (1996).[2] P. G. Vaz. et al. IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng, 9, 106–120 (2016).[3] H. P. Barreto. et al. J. Biomed. Opt. Accepted for publication.

MOPM2017 F06

Z-scan expression for thick nonlinear refractive nonlocal media

R. Torres Romero (1), M. M. Méndez Otero (1), M. L. Arroyo Carrasco (1), M. D. Iturbe Castillo (2).

1Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur. Col San Manuel, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Puebla, México.

2Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro # 1, C.P. 72840. Tonantzintla, Puebla, México.


ABSTRACT:

In this work by applying the distributed lens model [1], where a thick medium length L is divided in l units that act as a stack of thin medium slices and neglecting the coupling of nonlinearities between them, an analytical expression is obtained to reproduce z-scan curves in thick nonlocal media that exhibits solely a nonlinear refractive response. Using the output field expression for a thin nonlocal nonlinear media, with a small on-axis nonlinear phase shift [2], it is possible to obtain the on-axis normalized transmittance for a thick nonlinear nonlocal media at far field as:

(1)

where: , , L is the sample length, m represents the material nonlocality,

12 F is the Hypergeometric function and is the Gamma function. Z-scan curves for thick nonlinear nonlocalmedia with different widths and nonlocalities are shown.

References.

[1] Wei-Ping Zang, et al. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 21, 63-66, (2004).

[2] A. Balbuena Ortega, et al. Opt. Express 22(23), 27932-27941 (2014).

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MOPM2017 F07

Dynamics of thermocavitation bubble in binary solutions.

Aletvia Andrea Cuetlach Martinez (1), C. Berrospe-Rodriguez (2), R. RamosGarcía(2)

1. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Fisico-Matemáticas.72570, Puebla, México.

2. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Departamento de Óptica. 72000Puebla Pue. México


ABSTRACT:

Thermocavitation is the mechanism where the creation of a vapor bubble by means of a CW (continuous wave) laser is produced. The focusing of the laser in a very small region of a highly absorbent solution produces a superheated liquid (~ 300 °C) which eventually undergoes an explosive liquid-vapor phase transition. Since the superheated vapor volume is ~ 600 bigger liquid one´s fast expanding bubble is created which eventually collapses, producing a hydraulic shock wave of a few KPa.

In this work, the study of thermocavitation bubble dynamics in binary solutions was carried out in order to increase the superheated volume. A medium-power near infrared laser (λ = 975 nm) and a saturated solution of copper nitrate in different concentrations of methanol - deionized water were used to produce cavitation. The laser parameters such as laser power and spot size were fixed. The evolution of bubble radius and the shockwave amplitude were measured with a fast camera and hydrophone, respectively. Results indicate that at low methanol concentrations (~10 -20%), the bubble radius increases as well as the shockwave amplitude compared to water alone.

References [1] Ramirez-San Juan et al, Opt. Express 18, 8735-8743 (2010).[2] Padilla-Martinez et al., Phys. Fluids 26, 122007 (2014).

MOPM2017 F08

Observation of photocurrent improvement on porous silicon nanostructures sensitized with carbon quantum dots

D.Mayorga Cruz, M.Martínez Ayala, R.F.Balderas Valadez, N.K.Reddy Bogireddy, V.Agarwal

CIICAp, UAEM, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México.


ABSTRACT: In this work, the observation of photocurrents generated in porous silicon (PSi) nanostructures sensitized

with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is reported. Electrochemical etched PSi substrates were thermally oxidized [1], before sensitization with the CQDs. On a stationary regime, current-voltage experimental curves at dark and illumination conditions were obtained; the transitory illumination regime was also investigated by observation of their frequency-modulated photocurrents decaying [2].

Figure 1: a) Signal voltage on PSi sample without CQDs; b) signal voltage on PSi sample with CQDS.

As a result, the enhancement of photocurrents produced on the sensitized samples was observed. Fig.1b shows an increment on signal frequency modulated voltage up to three orders of magnitude, as compared with the signal voltage obtained on the same sample without CQDs (Fig. 1a). The improvement in the photocurrent has been attributed to the charge transfer process at the interface between CQDs and PSi substrates. The influence of porosity, oxidation temperature and CQDs concentration on samples is also studied.

References [1] R.E.I. Schropp et al. Mater. Phys. Mech. 1, 73-82 (2000).[2] H. Oheda. J. Appl. Phys. 52(11), 6693-6700 (1981).

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MOPM2017 F10

PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METAL-CATIONS INTEGRATED CARBON DOTS

Jayaramakrishnan Velusamy*, Gabriel Ramos Ortiz and Mario Rodríguez

Centro de Investigaciones en Optica A.C., Loma del Bosque 115, Leon, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico Corresponding author email:[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

As a recently emerged brand of fluorescence (FL) nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have inspired passionate research efforts in recent years. Associating with customary organic FL dyes and semiconductor quantum dots, CDs hold many advantages including facile preparation, superior optical properties, easy surface functionalization, chemical inertness, low toxicity and good biocompatibility. Also they are unavoidable materials for promising applications in a broad range from display technologies to energy conversion and biology. Particularly, metal cation doping of C-dots not only enables great improvement of FL quantum yield efficiency and tunability of FL emission, but also provides active sites to broaden their application in biomedical research for multimodal imaging and sensors. In this contribution, we prepare CDs through a facile bottom-up tactic from organic precursors with dimethylformamide as solvent, which is the basis to generate low bandgap emissions. Fluorescence behavior of doped CDs have analyzed by steady state fluorescence spectroscopy technique in order to understand the impact of surface state metal cations in C-dots with time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) measurement and calculated the average PL lifetime (ns) to be 6 ± 2 ns. By comprehensive characterization and evaluation of prepared CDs then we derived the origin of multifarious emissions.

.

MOPM2017 F11

Refractive Index Sensor Based on Seven Core Fiber

J. R. Guzmán-Sepúlveda (1), D. López-Cortes (2), R. F. Domínguez-Cruz (3), D. A. May-Arrioja (2)

1. CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida. Orlando,Florida 32816, USA

2. Centro de Investigaciones en Optica, Aguascalientes, Ags. 20200, México.3. Electrical and Electronics Department, Autonomus University of Tamaulipas (UAT).

Reynosa, Tamaulipas. 88779, México. Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

A highly sensitive refractive index (RI) sensing based on multicore coupled structures is demonstrated. A seven-core fiber (SCF) is employed as the sensing element. The interaction of the SCF and its surroundings is induced by controllably etching material from the cladding in order to expose its external cores. Therefore, the sensor sensitivity can be effectively tuned by controlling the etching depth of the SCF. In our case, the cladding of a 10mm-long piece of SCF, spliced between two single-mode fibers (SMFs), was slowly removed until the remaining cladding around the external cores is only 2.5 µm (see Figure 1, left). Sensitivity on the order of 1x104 nm/RIU is experimentally demonstrated (see Figure 1, right). The sensor is quite compact, all-fiber, simple to fabricate, and highly sensitive. Based on our results RI changes of 10-4-10-5 can be resolved with standard laboratory-graded equipment, which opens the possibility of using this type of sensing architectures in biological applications.

Figure 1: SEM picture of the cross section of the SCF after 375 min of etching; the fiber diameter is 41 µm and the thickness of the cladding around the external cores is of only 2.5 µm (left), and Absolute

wavelength shift of the SCF sensor for etching times 360 min and 375 min (right).

MOPM2017 F12

Locality of Nonlinear Optical Response in Ag nanocubes

E V García-Ramírez1, S A Sabinas-Hernández1, D Ramírez-Martínez1, G Díaz 1, J A Reyes-Esqueda1

1Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Cd. México. 04510 [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

According to [1], weak nonlocality occurs when the width of the response function of a given material is larger than that of the incident beam, while a highly nonlocality occurs for the opposite situation. Reference [2] considers this fact to represent the nonlocality by using parameter m, which represents the width of the nonlinear phase shift at the exit of the sample. For m<2 the nonlinear phase change extends beyond the incident intensity distribution, while for m>2 the nonlinear phase change is narrower than the incident intensity distribution. Only for m=2 the nonlinear phase change follows the incident intensity distribution, and then the response of the material is considered as local. These cases for parameter m were observed in colloidal Ag nanocubes systems synthesized through polyol method [3], with particle sizes of 99 nm (S1) and 215 nm (S2), and concentrations of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/mL of Ag for each particle size, when these samples were analyzed using the Z-scan technique with pulses of 26 ps, at a repetition rate of 10 Hz, and wavelengths of 355, 532 and 1064 nm. Sample S1 showed nonlinear absorption at 355 and 532 nm, 0.6 and 0.4 mg/mL, while S2 showed nonlinear absorption and refraction at 1064 nm only for 0.6 mg/mL.

Figure 1: a) SEM image of S1, b) and c) Saturable absorption at 355 and 532 nm for S1, c) SEM image of S2, e) and f) nonlinear refraction and absorption, respectively, at 1064 nm for S2. The experimental

results correspond to concentration 0.6 mg/mL. References

[1] W. Krolikowski, et al J. Opt. B Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 6, S288–S294 (2004).[2] E.V. García Ramírez, J. Opt. 13 085203 10pp (2011).[3] S. H. Im et al. Angew. Chem. 117, 2192–2195 (2005).

MOPM2017 F13

Stimulated Emission in Au-doped ZnO Films

D. Ramírez Martínez(1), E. V. García Ramírez(1), E. Vigueras Santiago(2), and J.A. ReyesEsqueda(1)

1. Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Cd. México. 045102. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón esquina Paseo Tollocan, Toluca

Estado de México [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

In this work, the stimulated emission from Au-doped ZnO films was studied. The results showed an increase in the response from these materials with respect to the ZnO films without doping. Zn films were prepared by thermal evaporation [1]. Aluminium foils (20 × 20 mm) were used as substrates. Three Zn films, two of them with thickness 1 μm and one of 4 μm were obtained. Starting from these films, three series, with three samples each one, were obtained. For comparative purposes each series is formed by one ZnO film and two films of ZnO +Au. The Au was added by diffusion process at 50 and 120 s, before (Series I) and after oxidation (Series II andIII). The thickness for Series I (samples A,B,C) and Series II (E,F,G) is 1 μm, while for Series III (H,I,J) is 4 μm. PL experiments were performed using light laser of 26 ps, at a repetition rate of 10 Hz, at 355 nm. Pumping was performed at normal incidence using a diameter spot of 4 mm, while the PL response was detected through and optical fiber. The results showed a best response for the thicker ZnO sample.

Figure 1: SEM images for samples of Series I a) A (ZnO), b) B (ZnO+Au 50s), c) C (ZnO+Au 120s), d) B X50,000, e), f), g), h) spectrum for samples ZnO+Au 50s of each Series (B,F,I) and evolution of the PL

emission for these samples at 355 nm as the excitation fluence is increased.

References [1] R. López et, al. Bull. Mater. Sci., 38(7), 1777–1781 (2015)

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MOPM2017 F14

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) excitation in Au thin films using surface light-fabricated structures

Jorge Alberto Peralta-Ángeles(1), (2) *, Citlali Sánchez-Aké(3) **, Jorge Alejandro Reyes-Esqueda(1) ***

1. Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México2. Posgrado en Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

3. Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma deMéxico.

*:[email protected], **:[email protected], ***:[email protected]

ABSTRACT: Results of excitation of Surface Plasmons Polaritons (SPPs) in structured thin films of gold through surface structures produced therein are presented in this work. To achieve this, a laser beam with wavelength of 532 nm was focused upon a structure synthesized by using pulsed laser irradiation. Light is scattered by the fabricated structure and light momentums which match with SPPs momentums couple with last ones, generating in this way the plasmonic excitation [1-3]. Once this excitation is achieved, SPPs propagate into the dielectric-film interface. SPPs decay and lose energy in the substrate-film interface in the form of radiation across the substrate; such radiation is called leakage radiation.

To observe the leakage radiation, the reversed Kretschman-Raether configuration was used. In such configuration light is focused with a microscope objective upon the surface fabricated structure, going from the air to the substrate. This method is called Leakage Radiation Microscopy (LRM) [2,3]. Excitation is indicated by means of a radiation cone emitted by the SPPs, coming from the substrate [2]. From the obtained results the evidence of the excitation of SPPs in the thin film is shown when focusing the surface induced structure.

These results open a broad picture for future work, from the synthesis of a wide variety of micro- and nanostructures by physical methods to direct observation and control of guiding SPPs nanostructures.

References [1] H. Raether, Surface Plasmons, Springer, Berlin, 1988.[2] A. Drezet, A. Hohenau, D. Koller, A. Stepanov, H. Ditlbacher, B. Steinberger, F. R. Aussenegg, A.Leitner, and J. R. Krenn, “Leakage radiation microscopy of surface plasmon polaritons,” Mater. Sci. Eng.B 149, 220-229 (2008).[3] H. J. Simon and J. K. Guha, “Directional surface plasmon scattering from silver films,” OpticsCommunications 18, 391-394 (1976).

MOPM2017 F15



Blow-off, steady state and plume-shielding photomechanical ablation induced by a 1064nm Q-switched laser on obsidian samples

J. A. Alvarez-Chaveza, A. I. Aguilar-Moralesb, H. R. Morano-Okunoc, G. de la Rosac,G. G. Perez-Sanchezd

a. Instituto Politecnico Nacional - Centro de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica,Cerrada Cecati s/n Col Sta. Catarina, C.P. 02250 Ciudad de Mexico

b. Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik IWS,Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany

c. Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores Monterrey,Campus Estado de Mexico, Atizapan de Zaragoza Mexico

d. Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco,Av. San Pablo 180, Reynosa Tamaulipas, C. P. 02200, Ciudad de Mexico

Corresponding author email: [email protected] or [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Mesoamerican people before the Spaniards arrival mastered the craftsmanship of several materials such as different types of stone and wood in jewellery or for house decorative items, as elaborated sculptures in oval, rectangular or spherical shapes for hundreds of years. In particular, obsidianus lapis due to its physico-chemical properties is considered a glass as its composition is 80% silicon dioxide. Laser processing of natural stones is a relatively new topic which has found applications in art conservation, art production and material composition studies. In this work the laser-obsidian interaction is analysed, in order to find an alternative tool for the traditional grinding process. The engraving process of obsidian is carried out with via a Q-switched laser at 1064nm due to favourable photomechanical ablation behaviour and results of up to 300um depth for repetition rates ranging from 3 to 12 KHz of the Q-switch laser. The applied fluence in relation to generated depth is compared to predictive mathematical models which consider the existence of plume ablation. In addition, results from this work show that cutting process is only attainable in a micrometer scale. A full set of results on maximum fluence with respect to depth for blow-off, steady state and plume-shielding models will be included in the presentation.

MOPM2017 F16

Spectro-polarimetric light-scattering: applications in remote-sensing and laser diagnostic

Romain Ceolato (1)

1. ONERA, The French Aerospace Lab, 2 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 ToulouseCorresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

The purpose of this presentation is to provide an overview of recent developments in spectro-polarimetric light-scattering [1]. An important challenge of light-scattering is the retrieval of microphysical properties of unknown scattering media. Spectro-polarimetric light-scattering signatures have been a growing interest for remote-sensing and laser diagnostic to probe physical properties of a large variety of scattering media. Advantages of merging spectro-polarimetric light-scattering are to address distinct scattering regimes (e.g. Rayleigh/Mie), probe systems of particles at different scales (e.g. from monomers to aggregate) in order to extract useful information about scattering media of interest. Recently, it has been demonstrated how merging spectral and polarimetric light-scattering information could be used to retrieve simultaneously several microphysical properties, for instance mean particle size, concentration, or complex refractive index [2, 3].

Figure 1: (a) Supercontinuum-laser based scatterometer [4], (b) spectral light-scattering by fractal soot aggregates [3], (c) spectro-polarimetric light-scattering by multicellular tumor spheroid [6].

Measuring spectro-polarimetric light-scattering signatures require the use of dedicated instruments. Developments in nanostructured fiber optics and compact pulsed lasers have resulted in the conception of broadband supercontinuum laser sources. ONERA, The French Aerospace Lab, has designed a spectro-polarimetric scatterometer for laser diagnostic using a supercontinuum laser source combined with hyperspectral and polarimetric sensors. For the first time, we have achieved spectro-polarimetric light-scattering measurements from 480 to 2500 nm with a high spectral resolution. The capacity of this instrument will be fully presented and detailed in this presentation.

MOPM2017 F17

The use of spectro-polarimetric light-scattering features for identification of microphysical properties of an unknown particulate media is still recent in the field of laser diagnostic. A large variety of scattering media can be investigated with this technique, including particulate media (e.g. clouds) [2], systems of particles (e.g. soot fractal aggregates) [3], surfaces (e.g. coatings) [4], or biomedical media (e.g. tumor cells) [5, 6]. Principle and applications of spectro-polarimetric light-scattering will be addressed throughout this presentation.

References

[1] R. Ceolato, and N. Riviere, “Advances in spectro-polarimetric light-scattering by particulate media”,Progress in Optics of Random Media, Vol.2, Elsevier, 2017 (in press).[2] R. Ceolato, and N. Riviere, “Spectral polarimetric light-scattering by particulate media: 1. Theory ofspectral Vector Radiative Transfer”, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative, 178, 117-123,2016.[3] R. Ceolato, M. J. Berg, N. Riviere, “Spectral and angular light-scattering from silica fractalaggregates”, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 131, 2013.[4] R. Ceolato, N. Riviere, and L. Hespel, “Reflectances from a supercontinuum laser-based instrument:hyperspectral, polarimetric and angular measurements,” Opt. Exp., 20, 28, 2012.[5] R. Ceolato, M. Golzio, C. Riou, X. Orlik, and N. Riviere, “Spectral degree of linear polarization oflight from healthy skin and melanoma”, Optics Express, 23, 10, 2015.[6] J. Andilla, R. Jorand, O. E. Olarte, A. C. Dufour, M. Cazales, Y. L. E. Montagner,R. Ceolato, N. Riviere, J.-C. Olivo-Marin, P. Loza-Alvarez, and C. Lorenzo, “Imaging tissue-mimic withlight sheet microscopy: A comparative guideline”, Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 44939, 2017

MOPM2017 F17 - 2

Digital image processing system for measuring optical fibers NA

F. Chavez-Gutierrez (1,2), A. Martinez-Rios (2), D. Torres-Armenta (2), J. A. Guerrero-Viramontes(1) and D. Toral-Acosta (2),

1. TecNM/ Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes,2. Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.C.,


ABSTRACT:

A novel measuring system of numerical aperture (NA) of single and multi-mode optical fibers [1-2] based on digital image processing is shown. In this system, the light out of the fiber output end is projected on a screen. A commercial smartphone camera which is sensitive to near-infrared is used for the acquisition. The transverse intensity of the light over screen is captured in images [3]. The processing of the image lets to extract the intensity profile, with which it is possible to measure the NA. With a mechanical positioning system, the screen is moved along an axis with millimetric precision. The screen distance control, the image acquisition, the analysis and processing profile is done from the same PC. Measurements from different optical fibers validate the feasibility and precision of this system, and they are compared with the NA values from manufacturers with a difference in the ±10% range.

Figure 1: Design of the instrument for measuring NA for optical fibers Design of the instrument for measuring NA for optical fibers: (a) smartphone camera; (b) fiber holder; (c) xyz – positioner; (d) screen; (e) mechanical positioning system driven and an intensity profile measured.

References [1] Han et al. ACP 7630,1-7 (2009)[2] Frazen et al. JLT 7(6), 896-901 (1989)[3] Kiran et al. IJCSA 3(5), 47-58 (2013)

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MOPM2017 F18

Spectral response of a non-adiabatic tapered fiber by waist diameter variations due to a Thulium-doped fiber ASE as input source

N. Fuentes-González (1), E. Bravo-Huerta (3), M. Durán-Sánchez (2), M. V. Hernández-Arriaga(3),J. Alaniz-Baylón (3), R. I. Álvarez-Tamayo(4), B. Ibarra-Escamilla (3), E. A. Kuzin (3).

1. FCFM Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas2. CONACyT - Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica

3. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica4. CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León


ABSTRACT: Tapered fibers have attracted interest in recent years because of their application as spectral filters and fiber sensors [1]. In this work, the effects of the taper construction parameters on its transmission spectral response due to a Thulium-doped fiber ASE used as input source are investigated. The tapered fiber is constructed with a SMF-28 fiber segment with cladding diameter of 125µm. The taper dimensions are (See Fig. 1): down-taper and up-taper lengths a=c=4mm, with waist diameter (d) variations from 13 to 35 µm. As it is shown in Fig. 2, the modulated spectral response of the taper structure exhibits an increase of the wavelength period as the waist diameter is increased. The maximal fringe visibility of the periodical transmission spectrum was obtained with a waist diameter of 25 µm (Fig. 2b). The obtained results can be useful to the appropriate design of a bi-conical taper depending on its application in the 2 µm waveband.

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of a tapered fiber

Figure 2: Transmission Spectrum varying waist diameter References

[1] Musa et al. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 58(4), 798-803 (2016)

MOPM2017 F19

Experimental investigation of polarization-imbalanced nonlinear loop mirror with double-sense twisted fiber.

L. Alberto Rodríguez (1), E. A. Kuzin (2), B. Ibarra Escamilla (3) , I. Armas Rivera(4),(1,2,3,4) Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, L. E. Erro 1, 72840 Puebla,

Mexico [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

The Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror (NOLM) is commonly used in many applications such as optical switching and demultiplexing, mode locking, pedestal suppression, pulse shaping or regeneration of ultra fast data streams.). A NOLM architecture using the polarization-imbalanced nonlinear loop mirror was considered in the literature [1,2]. In this device a polarization asymmetry between the beams can provide switching, even if powers are equal. In the present work we report the implementation of a novel easily tuned polarization-imbalanced NOLM. The NOLM consists of a nearly symmetrical coupler with a 51/49 coupling ratio, and we used 100 + 100 m in right and left twisted standard fiber (bi-twisted) and a variable wave retarder (VWR) asymmetrically inserted inside the loop. The use of the nearly symmetrical coupler allows very low transmission for low power components of radiation. The results show that using bi-twisted fiber we can eliminated the wavelength dependency of the NOLM transmission. We present a series of experiments for the optimization of NOLM to have a good pulse cleaning.

References [1] O. Pottiez, E.A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, J.T. Camas-Anzueto, and F. Gutierrez-Zainos, OPTICSEXPRESS 12, 3878-3887 (2004)[2] O. Pottiez, E.A. Kuzin, B. Ibarra-Escamilla, J.T. Camas-Anzueto, and F. Gutierrez-Zainos,ELECTRONICS LETTERS 40, 892-894 (2004).

MOPM2017 F20

Authentication of QR codes used as watermarks in diffraction patterns

A. Padrón-Godínez (1), C. G. Treviño-Palacios (1)

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro No. 1,Santa María Tonantzintla, Puebla- México 72840

[email protected] ABSTRACT:

The interest of this work is to manage the information of QR codes within the module of matrix dot which are generated and to make the information contained in these codes sure, true and authentic, obtaining diffraction patterns of these codes by using a process similar to imperceptible watermarks. The information within the QR will be used in particular to design a grid that will take the role of aperture that will produce the phenomenon of diffraction, each grid QR will have its corresponding diffraction pattern, this procedure is similar when takes place watermarks on digital document or if you want to preserve copyright in a digital picture or photograph [1]. The watermark that has encrypted QR code information can be perceptible or imperceptible depending on how much information you want to hide in the diffraction pattern or digital average carrier. Our academic group of modelling and simulation has worked on imperceptible watermarks into audio, where the procedure is to process information to insert it and hide it in a digital medium carrier imperceptibly [2]. The generation of the diffraction pattern by using the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in two dimensions of the aperture grid and the propagation of electromagnetic radiation through it is who determines the procedure to hide information. This generate a steganography system of hidden information.

Figure 1: Steganography System. The results obtained are the media carriers, diffraction patterns (two-dimensional images) with hidden

classified information from dot-matrix of encrypted QR codes, which can be stored, shared without suspicion that have valuable information such as passwords or private keys. To retrieve the information should be the reverse procedure and scan QR codes with the algorithm of encryption used to view the plain text. For a future work we will have the design and computer generation hologram using QR codes as diffraction gratings and then use print with optic damage mechanism in the manufacture of crystals with keys for security systems with optical authentication and access control [3].

References [1] Shih F. Y., “Digital Watermarking and Steganography”, CRC Press, USA, (2008).[2] Padrón Godínez A., González Lee M., et al. “Marcas de Agua Imperceptibles en Audio Digital”.SOMI XXIII Congreso de Instrumentación, Xalapa, México, octubre (2008).[3] Treviño-Palacios, C. G., Olivares-Pérez, A., & Zapata-Nava, O. J., “Security system with optical keyaccess”. Sixth Symposium Optics in Industry. Proceedings of SPIE, 6422, 642218, (2007).

MOPM2017 F21

Glass-based thin films with PT-Symmetric as rectifier A. Padrón-Godínez (1), B. M. Rodríguez-Lara (2)

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro No. 1,Santa María Tonantzintla, Puebla - México 72840

2. Grupo de Fotónica y Óptica Matemática, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mé[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

At first of this work, inspired by non-Hermitian systems, we had proposed an optical rectifier diode using Symmetric-PT structures based on doped dielectric thin film glass that break bidirectional symmetry of optical passive systems through of transfer matrix method [1]. This study searched to build an optical device with controlled reflection and transmission by thin films using materials with refractive complex indexes that they present effective linear loss and gain. However, the analysis and optimization carried out of the structure found reflectance and transmittance of original device are not suitable for design of optical diode in telecommunication wavelength. In our results we show reflection and transmission in this systems are unavailable to build an optical diode rectifier by doped dielectric thin films, see Fig. 1. In particular this work shows analysis of a structure composed of a dimmer-layers of thin films with modelling and simulation of Fresnel coefficients, such as reflectance and transmittance of structure studied through of transfer matrix and simulation by element finite [2]. In a source of entangled photons, the optical diodes are main elements sensible highly at optical feedforward, which can cause physical damage, power loss, stability loss and spectral features, among others, which reduces source work life [3].

Figure 1: Reflectance and Transmittance of a dimmer-layers thin films.

References [1] Feng, L. et al., “Experimental demonstration of a unidirectional reflectionless PT metamaterial”. NatureMaterials 12, 108-113, (2013).[2] Shramkova O. V., Tsironis G. P., “Scattering properties of PT- symmetric layered periodic structures”,J. Opt. 18, September (2016).[3] Hodgson, D., Olsen, B., “Protecting Your Laser Diode”, ILX Lightwave Corporation, (2003).

MOPM2017 F22

Non-Hermitian, nonlinear Waveguide Coupler

José Delfino Huerta Morales (1), Blas Manuel Rodríguez Lara (2,1)

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Calle Luis Enrique Erro No. 1, Sta.Ma. Tonantzintla, Pue, CP 72840, México.

2. Photonics and Mathematical Optics Group, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849,México.


ABSTRACT:

We study the propagation of electromagnetic field through an active saturable nonlinear waveguide coupler described by the coupled-mode equation set,

21

1 1 1 2 12 21 2

22

2 2 2 1 22 21 2

( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),

( ) ( )

( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ).

( ) ( )

z

z

E zi E z n E z gE z E z

E z E z

E zi E z n E z gE z E z

E z E z

We show that the renormalized field dynamics are analytically tractable and it is possible to linear the system around the fixed points to observe different dynamical regions [1, 2]. For example, Fig. 1(a) presents a parameter region where only two fixed points exist, they are centers around which stable orbits exists. Figure 1(b) shows a region where one Rabi-oscillation and two Josephson-oscillation center, and a saddle point exists, and trajectories in Fig. 1(c) represent a region where the fixed points are unstable and stable fixed points, with source- and sink-like behavior.

Figure 1: Dynamics of the system on the Poincaré sphere

References [1] Agrawal, G.P. Nonlinear fiber optics, Academic Press, 5th ed. (2013).[2] Khalil, H.K. Nonlinear systems, Macmillan, United States (1992).

MOPM2017 F23

Multi-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser based on tapered fiber interferometers

M. V. Hernández-Arriaga (1), B. Ibarra-Escamilla(1), M. Durán-Sanchéz(2), H. Santiago-Hernández(1) and E. A. Kuzin(1).

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), L. E. Erro 1, Sta. Ma.Tonantzintla, Pue. 72824, México

2. CONACYT - Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), L. E. Erro 1,Sta. Ma. Tonantzintla, Pue. 72824, México


ABSTRACT:

Several approaches using spectral fiber filters have been proposed in order to develop fiber lasers [1-3]. However, tapered fibers have regained important attention in all-fiber cavities due to low cost, ease of fabrication, low insertion losses and high compatibility with optical measuring systems. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a thulium-doped fiber laser that can be operated in single, dual or multi-wavelength. The laser lines are generated according to the wavelength-dependent transmission spectrum originated from the filters configuration and these emissions were modulated by optical attenuations.

Figure 1: (a) Transmission of each tapered fiber filter. (b) Experimental setup. (c) Multi-wavelength laser

By operating in multi-wavelength, the optical signal to noise-ratio estimated for the laser lines was ~ 50 dB, showing a maximum output power variation of 3.22 dB over a scan time of 50 min. Our proposed scheme shows interesting features as low cost, high stability and simple design.

References [1] Ramírez-Meléndez, G et al. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 29(12), 1015-1018 (2017).[2] Álavarez-Tamayo, R.I. et al. J. Eur. Opt. Soc. Rapid Publ., 12(20), (2016).[3] Ramírez, B.P. et al. Opt. Exp., 25(3), 2560-2568 (2017).

MOPM2017 F24

2D colloidal crystal formed by laser induced temperature gradients

Julian Ramírez-Ramírez (1), Juan Vazquez-Lozano(1), Rubén Ramos-Garcia (1)

1Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica. Luis Enrique Erro #1, 72840 Tonantzintla, Puebla, México


ABSTRACT:

A colloidal crystal is an ordered array of colloid particles analogous to their atomic or molecular counterparts with proper scaling considerations. The generation and properties of colloidal crystals have been of great interest for diverse science applications such as photonic crystals and chemical sensors among others [1]. We report an optical technique that thermal effects to form real-time colloidal crystals of silica of different diameters [2]. Moreover we study the behaviour of the colloidal crystals by using two or more laser beams. In the set up the temperature gradients are generated by focusing an infrared laser on a thin film of titanium deposited on a glass substrate. The particles are pushed away from the hotspots by thermophoresis which causes the formation of the crystals.

Figure 1: Formation of a crystal with 1 µm diameter silica particles

References [1] ˙I. ˙Inan¸c Tarhan and George H. Watson et al. Physical review letters 76(2), 315-318 (1995)[2] Zhiwen Kang, et al. RSC advances, (5):1-27, (2005).[3] Stefan Duhr, et al. appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 131921(1-3) (2005)

MOPM2017 F25

Holography with Markovian optical fields

C. Gutiérrez Ojeda (1)*, P. Martinez Vara2 (2), S. I. De Los Santos García(1), M. A. TorresRodríguez(1), G. Martínez Niconoff(1)

1. Departamento de Óptica, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica INAOE,Postal 72840, Puebla, México

2. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla BUAP, Facultad de Ingeniería, Av. SanClaudio s/n, Puebla, México


ABSTRACT: We describe the holographic interaction between markovian modes. The hologram is controlled with a

stochastic transition matrix. During the reconstruction process the entropy properties of the optical field are analyzed. Computer simulations are shown.

A markovian mode is an optical field whose fluctuations in complex amplitude follow an evolution that can be characterized by a stochastic matrix. Therefore, the optical field must have a representation of the form

𝐸 = ∑ 𝜉𝑠𝐽𝑆 (2𝜋𝑑√𝑥2 + 𝑦2) 𝑒𝑖𝑆𝜃𝑒𝑖𝛽𝑧,

∞

𝑆=−∞

(3)

where 𝜉𝑠 are the random weight factor that carry the fluctuation of the mode. With this kind of field, we can generate markovian beams. Using these beams in an interferometric system and recording the irradiance distribution on a holography plate, the transmittance associated to the hologram is 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝛼|𝐸1 + 𝐸2|

2, where 𝛼 is aproportionality factor. The transmittance function acquires the form

𝑇 = 𝛼(|𝐸1|2 + |𝐸2|

2) + 𝛼𝐸1𝐸2∗ + 𝛼𝐸1

∗𝐸2. (5)

a) b) c)Fig.1 a) markovian mode 𝑎0𝑱𝟎 + 𝑎1𝑱𝟏 + 𝑎2𝑱𝟐 + 𝑎3𝑱𝟑, b)Hologram obtained between two markovian

modes, c)Holographic reconstruction showing the mean value for the irradiance of the markovian mode

References [1] Alessandro BaldiAntognini and Simone Giannerini, “Convergence rate for Ehrenfest type urndesigns”. (2006)[2] P.Hariharan. Optical Hologrphy. Principles, techinques and applicatios. Cambrigde Studies in ModernOptics. Second Edition. (2012)

MOPM2017 F26

Manipulation and sorting of microparticles via thermophoretical effects

Juan Israel Vázquez Lozano (1), Julián Ramírez Ramírez (1), Rubén Ramos García (1)

1Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica. Luis Enrique Erro #1, 72840 Tonantzintla, Puebla, México


ABSTRACT:

Thermophoresis is a phenomenon observed in mixtures of mobile particles where the different particle types exhibit different responses to the force due to a temperature gradient [1]. Its effects have been used in different applications [2] such as separation of mixtures of particles, as a transport mechanism in fouling, as a versatile technique for manipulating single biological macromolecules [3], etc. In the present work we show a particle sorting technique based on the thermophoresis effect. Thanks to the temperature gradients generated through light illumination over thin substrate layers of Ti and Si, we were able to separate efficiently silica microspheres from polystyrene spheres using relatively low powers (~10 mW) at a 536 nm wavelength. This presents a non-invasive, easy technique that could be applied in different fields such as biology.

Figure 1. Colloidal suspension before and after thermophoresis

References [1] Z. Li & H. Wang. Phys. Rev. E 70(2), 021205 (2004)[2] M. Jerabek-Willemsen et al. Assay and drug development technologies 9(4)(2011)[3] Zhao, Chao et al. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 16 (10) (2015)

MOPM2017 F27

Nonclassical photon correlations of an optomechanical system

C. Ventura-Velázquez (1), B. M. Rodríguez-Lara (2)

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Calle Luis Enrique Erro No. 1, Sta. Ma. Tonanzintla.Puebla, C.P. 72840, México.

2. Photonics and Mathematical Optics Group, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, C.P. 64849, México.Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

In this work, we report nonclassical photon correlations observed in an optomechanical system. We use the quantum Langevin formalism to study the steady-state of the system in the strong coupling regime, when the optomechanical coupling excess the cavity decay rate (𝑔 > 𝜅 ) and a weak driving cavity field. We consider an initial thermal density matrix for the mechanical resonator coupled to the cavity vacuum and we found approximate analytic expressions for the second order correlation function, 𝑔( )(0). These show non-trivial dependency on the detuning between the driving and cavity frequency Δ , the mechanical frequency 𝜔 , and the optomechanical coupling. We observe that by adding thermal phonons in the system (n ≠ 0), the number of regions depending on the detunning where nonclassical photon correlations grows.

Figure 1: Dependence of steady-state second order correlation function of photons, 𝑔( )(0), on the shifted detuning Δ = Δ /𝜔 + 𝑔 /𝜔 . The continuous line is for n = 2 and the dashed line for n = 0.

The values used are 𝑔 = 0.5 𝜔 and 𝜅 = 0.1 𝜔 .

References [1] P. Rabl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 063601 (2011).[2] A. Nunnenkamp, K. Børkje, and S. M. Girvin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 063602 (2011).

MOPM2017 F28

Thermal emission of spherical micro/nano-antennas: Radiation Q-factor

Ana H. Ramírez-Andrade* and Jorge R. Zurita-Sánchez

Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Tonantzintla, Pue. 72840, México

*[email protected]

A thermally-excited object acts as a broadband source of infrared radiation. Based on fluctuational electrodynamics, we examine theoretically the thermal emission of spherical antennas made of tungsten (W) and silicon carbide (SiC) (materials with high melting temperatures) as the antenna size andtemperature vary. Specifically, we analyze the emissivity (the ratio of the spectral radiated power of anobject and that of an ideal blackbody) and the spectral density of the stored electromagnetic energy(normalized with respect to thermal energy of a quantum oscillator) surrounding the antenna. We find thatthe emissivity and the spectral density of the stored energy exhibit multiple resonances corresponding tophonon/plasmon-polariton and whisper gallery modes. There is an optimal size of the antenna for whichthe emissivity is maximal; the aforementioned materials yield an emissivity larger than one. Also, undercertain conditions, the emissivity corresponding to resonances of high-order multipoles can be larger thanthat of dipole (lowest order). The spectrum of the density of stored energy is modified significantly in thevicinity of the surface of the sphere. In addition, electric and magnetic contributions of theaforementioned spectrum are different. Furthermore, since the radiation Q-factor of an antenna is usuallydefined for single frequency operation, we propose a measure of this factor (related to storedelectromagnetic energy and radiated power) for a polychromatic source such as a thermal emitter. Theradiation Q-factor decreases as the particle radius and temperature increase. Also, as the size of particleincreases, the radiation Q-factor varies slowly when temperature changes. The Q-factor for a W-antennais smaller than that for a SiC-antenna (same size and temperature), implying that former antenna is moreefficient than the latter one. Our work might have implications on the development of efficient broadbandsources.

MOPM2017 F29

mailto:*[email protected]

Three-body correlations with trapped ion para-Bose state

C. Huerta Alderete (1), S. F. Caballero-Benítez (2), B. M. Rodríguez-Lara (1,3)

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica2. CONACYT - Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica

3. Photonics and Mathematical Optics Group, Tecnológico de Monterrey.


ABSTRACT:

The modern theory of coherence is based on correlation functions. Correlations are also a necessary resource in some quantum algorithms. We propose a trapped ion experimental scheme to simulate a para-Bose oscillator of even order [1] which allows us to study three-body correlation functions between a qubit and two boson fields.

References [1] C. Huerta Alderete et al. Phys. Rev. A 95(1), 013820 (2017).[2] R. J. Glauber Quantum Thoery of Optical Coherence 2007 WILEY -VCH

MOPM2017 F30

Thursday

September 7

OPTICS

Method for estimating the performance of multifocal contact lenses Garcia-Liévanos O.(1).

1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud UnidadSanto Tomas. Av. De los Maestros s/n, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P.11340

Ciudad de México, México. email:[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

The aim of this work is to propose a method that allows estimates the performance of multifocal contact lenses. Different metrics of the optical quality derived from wave aberrations to predict visual performance have been studied [1], however the Visual Strehl Ratio is the best metric because accounts for 81% of the variance in high-contrast logMAR acuity [1]. The Visual Strehl Ratio is based on the optical transfer function and real and positive function of the neural contrast sensitivity [2]. The threshold for acceptable vision has been proposed as 0.12 visual Strehl [3]. We propose to evaluate visual acuity that is obtained by using the multifocal contact lenses to evaluate its performance. We estimated the visual acuity from the intersection of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of the system (eye and multifocal contact lenses) and Aerial Image Modulation (AIM) of the fovea [4]. The visual acuity was estimated to different distances from object to eye to know the performance of multifocal contact lens. The contact lens analyzed has the next construction parameters: Refraction index=1.44, diameter of the optical zone = 4mm, curvature radius (r1=7.847142 mm and r2=7.875 mm), thickness=0.1374 mm and conic constant= 1.1, power= +0.50 diopters (D) and addition power= +1.00 D. The visual acuity obtained when the object are in the infinity was 20/23, to 4000 mm was 20/20, to 2000 mm was 201/19 and to 1000 mm was 20/36. The visual acuity normal for far vision is 20/20 and for near vision is 20/40.This method could be apply to evaluate the design of multifocal contact lens.

References [1] Jason D. Marsack et al. Journal of Vision 4, 322-328 (2004)[2] D. Robert Iskander Optometry and Vision Science 83(1), 57-59 (2006)[3] Pablo de Gracia et al. Optics Letters 38(18), 3526-3529 (2013)[4] Bruce H. Walker, ‘’Optical design for visual systems’’, Spie Press (2000)

MOPM2017 O16

Multifocal contact lenses design to third order.

Garcia-Lievanos O. (1), Sanchez-Gonzalez L. (1) and Razo-Garcia AP. (1).

1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud UnidadSanto Tomas. Av. De los Maestros s/n, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Col. Santo Tomas, C.P.11340

Ciudad de México, México. email:[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

The aim of this work is to show the results of the third order design of multifocal contact lenses. Several design of multifocal contact lens have radials zones with power for distance and near vision interspersed [1-2]. Others designs control spherical aberration using aspheric surfaces to focus on objects at various distances [3]. We calculate the conic constant of the anterior surface of the contact lens for controlling the spherical aberration to third order of a thin lens. The longitudinal spherical aberration is the difference of the reciprocal of power for distance vision and the reciprocal of the power for near vision more power for distance vision. We design two multifocal contact lens with the next construction parameters for the first example: refraction index=1.44, diameter of the optical zone = 4 mm, curvature radius (r1= 7.805153 mm and r2=7.875 mm), thickness=0 mm, power distance vision = +0.50 diopters (D) and addition power= +1.00 D. The longitudinal spherical aberration is 1333.333334 mm. The conic constant calculate is0.180111. In distance vision, the root mean squared (RMS) wavefront error was 0.203 μm. In near vision,the root mean squared (RMS) wavefront error was 0.0735 μm. In the second example, the parameters ofconstruction were refraction index=1.44, diameter of the optical zone = 4 mm, curvature radius (r1=7.7365336 mm and r2=7.875 mm), thickness=0 mm, power distance vision = +1.00 diopters (D) andaddition power= +1.00 D. The longitudinal spherical aberration is 500 mm. The conic constant calculateis 0.263103. In distance vision, the root mean squared (RMS) wavefront error was 0.31 μm. In nearvision, the root mean squared (RMS) wavefront error was 0.6908 μm. The optimization process need ametrics of the optical quality derived from wave aberrations to predict visual performance on the eye,some studies have proposed 0.12 visual Strehl Ratio for acceptable vision [4], however, a method foroptimization process of the multifocal contact lens is required. Our results suggest that a conic constantcan be used for design multifocal contact lens with low dioptric power and low addition power.

References [1] Leonard Seidner, Maurice Poster. Multifocal corneal contact lenses, US 5812235 A (1998).[2] L. Lawrence Chapoy, William Rovani, John B. W. Lett. Multifocal contact lens with aspheric surfaceUS 6808262 B2 (2004).[3] Jean-Louis Mercier, Aspherical contact lens for correcting presbyopia, US 5790231 A (1998).[4] Pablo de Gracia et al. Optics Letters 38(18), 3526-3529 (2013).

MOPM2017 O17

Analysis of out-of-plane sensitivity by using electronic speckle pattern interferometry

Karen Reyes (1,2), Amalia Martínez García (2), J. A. Rayas (2,3), Tobias Scherbaum (4), GustavoAdolfo Gómez (2), Héctor Pérez (1)

1. FCFM, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo2. Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, León, Gto.

3. Universidad de Santiago de Chile4. School of Karlsruher, Institute of Technology, Germany


ABSTRACT:

Commonly, out-of-plane sensitive interferometric optical arrangements use one collimated wavefront for object surface illumination [1]. However, this is a limitation when large objects have to be analyzed [2]. In this case spherical illumination is needed. This kind of illumination produces a sensitivity vector varying with the position of the source and the shape of the object. Then errors in the measurements are introduced when collimated illumination is supposed especially in extended target objects. In the present work, an out-of-plane-plane configuration for electronic speckle pattern interferometer (ESPI) is used (Figure 1a). During the design stage of an interferometer should be useful to know the components of sensitivity vector in order to minimize the non-required displacement components (Figure 1b). We present theoretical analysis and experimental results (Figure 1c) for object divergent and collimated illumination. The errors are obtained by comparing the out-of-plane displacement calculated supposing constant sensitivity vector and spatial variation of sensitivity vector for object divergent illumination. This analysis is made for different shapes of the object surface target.

References [1] H. J. Puga et al.Opt. Laser Technol., 34(1), 81-92 (2002)[2] Amalia Martínez et al. Opt. Commun., 223(4-6), 239-246 (2003)

Figure 1: a) Optical set up used, b) Out-of-plane component of the sensitivity vector, c) Fringe pattern.

a) b) c)

MOPM2017 O18


Phase-shifting in a cube-beam splitter interferometer by wavelength modulation

Uriel Rivera-Ortega (1)

1. Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP)


ABSTRACT:

It is presented a low-cost and fully automated process for phase-shifting interferometry by continuously changing the input voltage [1] of a laser diode under the scheme of a common-path cube beam splitter interferometer [2]. The schematic of the experimental setup as well as the user interface are shown in Fig.1

Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the experimental setup in which the voltage modulation is generated with a DAQ.

Fig.2 shows four phase-shifted interferograms obtained with the proposed methodology and the corresponding wrapped and unwrapped phases.

Figure 2: (a) Phase-shifted interferograms used to calculate the (b) wrapped and (c) unwrapped phase of the wavefront. The corresponding visibilities are also indicated.

References [1] Y. Ishii, Proc. SPIE 0813, 7-8 (1987). [2] J. A. Ferrari and E. M. Frins. Opt. Comm., 279, 235-239 (2007).

MOPM2017 O19

Adaptive Optics System to compensate dynamic aberrations

Ezequiel Paz (1), M. D. Iturbe Castillo (2), Luis I. Olivos Perez (1)

1. Universidad Politécnica de Puebla.2. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE).

[email protected]

ABSTRACT:

In this work, we describe a system of a Hartmann-Shack wave front sensor and a deformable mirror in order to compensate the dynamic aberrations of a collimated laser beam. The wave front sensor has a rectangular array of 32x40 microlens and the deformable mirror has a circular cross section of 1 cm of diameter with 69 actuators. The communication and control of both systems are obtained using a personal computer and software developed in MATLAB and LabVIEW. The aberrations that affect a laser beam in free propagation in a room without controlled conditions are compensated with the implemented system (see Fig. 1).

Figure 1: Adaptive optics system implemented

MOPM2017 O20

Mechanical and optical characterization of PDMS refractive surfaces with aspheric profiles

Josimar Márquez García, Angel S. Cruz Félix, Jorge González García, Agustin Santiago Alvarado

Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, Carretera a Acatlima km 2.5, Huajuapan de León, C.P. 69000, OAX., Mexico


ABSTRACT:

In recent years, the elastomer known as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane, Sylgard 184) has become a popular material in the elaboration of optical components such as lenses, waveguides, membranes, etc. We present in this work a characterization of this material with variations on its synthesis parameters (base:curing agent ratio, curing time and temperature). Mechanical properties were obtained by means of stress and compression tests, also, measurements of index of refraction, UV-vis and Raman spectroscopy were performed. Once we obtained a detailed characterization, we could determine the best synthesis parameters to elaborate tunable refractive surfaces with aspheric profiles. An analysis of optical aberrations is presented.

References [1] Santiago-Alvarado et al., Superficies y Vacío, 22(3), pp. 61-66, (2009).[2] Cruz-Felix et al., IJESIT 3(2), pp. 563-571, (2014).[3] Wang et al., Applied Polymer Science, 131(22), pp. 1-4, (2014).[4] Johnston et al., Micromech. Microeng. 24(3), pp. 1-7, (2014).[5] Santiago-Alvarado et al., Optical Engineering, 49(12), pp. 1-9, (2010).

MOPM2017 O21

Fig. 1. Polarization phase shifting triple-interferometer.

Single shot phase shifting triple interferometer Y. A. Cravioto Tellez,1,* G. Resendiz López1, J. Garnica González2, A. Monzalvo Hernandez,1 M. A. Sandoval

Hernández,3 L. A. Bonilla Jiménez,3 N. I. Toto Arellano1,*

1The Initiaive. Universidad Tecnológica de Tulancingo, Hgo, 4364, México. 2Universidad Autonóma del Estado de Hidalgo, 42039, México.

3Universidad Tecnológica de Xicotepec de Juárez, Pue. 73080, México. Author e-mail address:[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: In this research a single-shot phase shifting Triple-Interferometer (PSTI) is developed for Optical Path Difference (OPD) measurements. The configuration of the PSTI allows dynamic measurements and does not require vibration isolation. We have applied the developed system to examine the size and OPD of phase structures. Conventionally phase-shifting interferometry is very sensitive to vibrations because image acquisition in various phase-shifting sequences could easily introduce measurement errors from environmental influences [1-11]. These techniques allow static measurements of the optical phase, it is necessary to develop techniques that allow performing dynamic measurements of the optical phase. With the knowledge of the optical phase, characteristic parameters of the sample under study can be calculated. A variety of techniques are currently being developed to obtain several phase shifts in a single capture of the camera, allowing dynamic measurements of objects under study [12]. We introduce a novel simultaneous phase-shifting interferometer which employs three coupled interferometers: a polarizing cyclic path interferometer (PCPI) that generates the interferogram, and two Michelson systems that replicate patterns to generate four simultaneous phase-shifted interferograms. The proposed system can operate in normal mode and radial mode, and generate radial shear interferograms that can be useful for analyzing samples with different symmetries. The experimental results show that the method is capable of performing one-shot interferometric measurement and of minimizing influences from environmental disturbances. The optical system is shown in Fig.1.

References

[1] P. Carre, “Installation et utilisation du comparateur photoelectric et interferential du bureau international des poids et mesures,” Metrologia, 2, 13-17 (1966). [2] R. Crane, “Interference phase measurement,” Appl. Opt., 8, 538-542 (1969). [3] J. H. Bruning, D. R. Herriott, J. E. Gallagher, D. P. Rosenfeld, A. D. White, and D. J. Brangaccio, “Digital Wavefront Measuring Interferometer for Testing Optical Surfaces and Lenses,” Appl. Opt. 13, 2693-2703 (1974). [4] J. C. Wyant, “Use of an ac heterodyne lateral shear interferometer with real–time wavefront correction systems,” Appl. Opt. 14, 2622-2626 (1975).[5] D. T. Moore, “Gradient index optics design and tolerancing,” Ph. D. Thesis, University of Rochester (1973).[6] J. W. Hardy, J. E. Lefebvre, and C. L. Koliopoulos, "Real-time atmospheric compensation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 67, 360-369 (1977). [7] K. Creath, “Phase measurement interferometry techniques,” in Progress in Optics, E. Wolf, ed. (Elsevier Science publisher, 1988) 349-393. [8]J. Schwider, “Advanced evaluation techniques in interferometry,” in Progress in Optics, E. Wolf, ed. (North-Holland, 1990) 271-359. [9]J. E. Greivenkamp and J. H. Bruning, “Phase shifting interferometry,” in Optical Shop Testing, D. Malacara, ed. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,Hoboken, New Jersey 2007). [10] P. J. de Groot, “Vibration in phase-shifting interferometry,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 12, 354-365 (1995). [11] B. Kimbrough, J. Millerd, J. Wyant, J. Hayes, M. North-Morris, and M. Novak, “Low-coherence vibration insensitive Fizeau interferometer,”in Proceedings of the Interferometry XIII, 6292, 12( 2006). [12]B. Lopez-Ortiz, N.-I. Toto-Arellano,V.H. Flores Muñoz, A. Martínez García, L. García Lechuga, J.-A. Martínez Domínguez, “Phase profile analysis of transparent objects through the use of a two windows interferometer based on a one beam splitter configuration,” Optik, 125, 7227-7230(2014). . E. Millerd and N. J. Brock, “Methods and apparatus for splitting imaging and measuring wavefronts in interferometry,” US Patent No.6,304,330 and 6,522,808( 2001).

MOPM2017 O22


http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030402614011553

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030402614011553

Synthesis of surface plasmonic vortex

M. Vargas Morales, M. A. Torres Rodriguez, S. I. De los Santos Garcia, Martinez Niconoff.

Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica INAOE, Dpto. de Óptica, Postal 51 y 216, Puebla, México

Corresponding author email:

ABSTRACT:

We describe the generation of plasmonic fields that present vortex behaviour, by means of a set of masks with a speckle pattern that follow a Gaussian distribution, controlling the correlation function in a random array of holes. The evolution of the probability density function induces constant correlation trajectories on a metallic surface when the mask is scaling and rotating, is possible generate plasmons that propagates along the curved trajectory. The study of these plasmonic fields propagating on metal surfaces offers applications in the synthesis of structured materials, for example, photonic crystals and meta-materials. Experimental set up is proposed.

MOPM2017 O23

Photoelectric-Like plasmon effect

M. A. Torres Rodriguez1, M. Vargas Morales1, S.I. De Los Santos Garcia1, P. MartinezMartinez2, T. Quarton3, G. Martinez Niconoff1

1Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica INAOE, dpto. de Óptica, postal 51 y 216, Puebla, México

2University of Texas at Dallas, Nanotech Institute, Richardson TX 75080, United States 3University of Texas at Dallas, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Richardson TX 75080,

United States corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

The focusing of electromagnetic field propagating on a conductive surface can generate interesting effects with potential applications to design plasmonic optical tweezers, tunable capacitance, etc [1]. It has been shown that a set of plasmonic structures can coexist simultaneously on a metal surface, whose propagation can be analyzed from the angular spectrum model. From this representation is possible to describe the generation of singular regions which generate charge redistributions that have associated electric fields [2]. By placing a second metal surface in the neighborhood of the electric field, it is possible create a novel effect analogous to the photoelectric effect. This effect consists of the emission of electrons when a metal is illuminated with electromagnetic waves, whose frequencies exceed its work function. Similar effects are induced because the electric field can extract electrons modifying the conductivity of the media. The physical system under study consists of two thin metal films separated by a dielectric media. On one of them contains a slit shaped curve which generates surface plasmon fields when it is illuminated as it is sketched in Fig. 1. The spatial propagation in turn generates a charge redistribution that induces an electric field between the plates. The stored energy between the plates is

, which is valid for a small volume limited by the geometry of the charge distribution.

Fig.1. Two thin metal films with a dielectric media between them where the plasmon field and its respective focusing region are generated.

When the energy value exceeds the work function the photoelectric effect is expected. The plasmonic singular regions induce charge redistributions which generate an intense electric field that is implemented to induce the like-photoelectric plasmon effect. The model proposed offers applications to recording nano scale geometries on surface metal similar to lithography effects.

References [1] H. Raether, Surface plasmons on smooth and rough surfaces and on gratings, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1988)[2] G. Martínez Niconoff, S. I. De Los Santos García, M. A. Torres-Rodríguez, R. Suárez Xique, M. Vargas Morales, P. MartinezVara, and A. Carbajal-Domínguez, "Topological properties of the interaction between focusing regions kind cusped," Opt.Express 24, 14648-14653 (2016).

MOPM2017 O24

Analysis of light scattering in the human eye due to variationof refractive indices of multilamellar bodies and their external

medium

Emilia M. Méndez-Aguilar (1), Ismael Kelly-Pérez(2), L.R Berriel-Valdos(1)

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE)2. Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C. (CIO)


ABSTRACT:

The eye is the organ that directs light from the outside to the retina. If any of the media that make up theeye has optical defects, images on the retina are generated with undesired visual effects. A degenerativedisease such as the presence of cataracts can cause optical alterations inside the crystalline lenses. Suchlocalized defects can generate deviations in the direction of light, causing a phenomenon known asscattering. The measurement of scattering that introduce noise in the image is complex because it is notpossible to insert some type of sensor into the eye. For this reason, computational models have beendeveloped to simulate this effect on the retinal images and to be able to see the effect of varying certainproperties. Properties such as the refractive index value of particles that develop the cataract, known asmultilamellar bodies (MBLs), and their external medium have been highlighted in some studies[1-3]. As aconsequence of the discrepancies shown on these refraction indices, it is proposed to study the variationof the relative refractive index of the MBLs and the surrounding medium to analyze their influence on thescattering effect on the retinal images. A computational model of the human eye was used to performthese variations in the refractive indices [4,5]. Thus, using the results it is possible to obtain and comparedifferent radial profiles of the scattering patterns formed in the human retina due to the presence of MBLswithin the crystalline lens.

References

[1] Costello, M. J. et al. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 48(1), 303–312 (2007).[2] Gilliland, K. O. et al. Mol. Vis. 14, 572–582 (2008).[3] Costello, M. J. et al. Exp. Eye Res. 91(6), 881–889 (2010).[4] Kelly-Pérez, I. et al. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 30(12), 2585–2594 (2013).[5] Méndez-Aguilar, E. M. et al. Biomed. Opt. Express 8(6), 3029–3044 (2017).

MOPM2017 O25

Structured optical fields through polarization holography

T. Cerdà(1), U. Ruiz(1), G. Cipparrone(2), P. Pagliusi(2) and C. Provenzano(2)

1. Departamento de Óptica, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica,Tonanzintla, Puebla, México.

2. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), ItalyCorresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: The polarization holography relies on the interference of orthogonally polarized waves, where a

modulation of the polarization state of the light occurs in the superposition region, as a function of the phase difference between the beams [1]. The polarization holograms (PHs) possess peculiar diffraction properties. Particularly interesting are the PHs produced by two orthogonal circular (left and right) polarizations in polarization sensitive materials, where only the zero (0) and the first (±1) diffracted orders appear, with the left (or right) circularly polarized +1 (−1) order proportional to the right- (left-) hand component of the incident wave[2].

We present the experimental encoding of phase objects by means of a holographic technique. The interference of a reference Gaussian beam and the object beam having opposite circular polarization states, was recorded on a suitable medium. First on an amorphous azo-containing polymer film and then in the photoaligning substrates of a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cell. The Figs. 1(a) show the employed experimental setup and 1(b) a reconstructed optical field, which corresponds to the +1 diffracted order.

Fig. 1. a) Experimental setup used to record the PH. A linearly polarized argon laser (λrec= 488 nm) impinges over a SLM, which displays a SPH to generate a plane wave and the phase element corresponding to the MA. The lens L1 realizes the Fourier transform of the SPH so a binary spatial filter (SF) is placed in the focal plane that blocks the zeroth order of the SPH. The (HWP) rotates by 90° the linear polarization of the plane wave. The lens L2 collects and projects an image of the two interfering fields, which generate the PH, on the sample (S). The orthogonal linear polarizations are transformed to circular opposed polarizations by means of the (QWP). b) Recording PH.

References [1] L. Nikolova and P. S. Ramanujam, Polarization Holography (Cambridge University, 2009).[2] U. Ruiz, et al, Liquid crystal microlens arrays recorded by polarization holography, Appl. Opt. 54 (11)3303-3307 (2015).

a) b)

MOPM2017 O26

Vector beams generated by polarization holograms

U. Ruiz(1), G. Cipparrone(2), P. Pagliusi(2) and C. Provenzano(2)

1. Departamento de Óptica, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica,Tonanzintla, Puebla, México.

2. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), ItalyCorresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: Two optically coupled nematic liquid crystal (NLC) polarization holograms (PHs) enable near 100% generation efficiency for vector beams (VBs) with spatially variant phase and polarization. Adopting a spatial light modulator (SLM) assisted holographic approach, the PHs are recorded in the photoaligning substrates of the NLC cell and amplified by the NLC bulk. Owing to negligible NLC absorption at the visible and near infrared wavelengths and the ability to electrically adjust its optical birefringence, a single device allows to generate VBs with the highest possible efficiency at any wavelength in the transparency range. In particular we report the generation of VBs with efficiency of 96% at a wavelength of 633nm. Here we present the generation of a family of vector beams, whose amplitude modulation is uniform, which are generated by two liquid crystal PHs [1, 2]. When the impinging field is linearly polarized

[ ]1 2 1 2( , )exp ( , ) (cos ,sin )Tin inE A iγ γ φ γ γ α α=

, the resulting VB is given by

( ) 1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

1 2

cos( ( , ))( , ) ( , )exp ( , )

sin( ( , ))V inE A iα ψ γ γ

γ γ ηη γ γ φ γ γα ψ γ γ−

= −

. (1)

The Fig. 1 shows an experimental example of a VB.

Figure 1: Experimental intensity distributions, without and with linear analyser, for a parabolic vector beam.

References [1] L. Nikolova and P. S. Ramanujam, Polarization Holography (Cambridge University, 2009).[2] U. Ruiz, P. Pagliusi, C. Provenzano, and G. Cipparrone, Vector beams generated by tunable liquidcrystal polarization holograms, J. Appl. Phys. 121 (15) 153104 (2017).

b)

MOPM2017 O27

Influence of contrast correction using spatial correlation between neighbor pixels in a speckle contrast image.

Julio Cesar Juarez-Ramirez(1), Beatriz Coyotl-Ocelotl (1), R. Chiu-Zarate(2), R. Ramos-Garcia(1) and JC Ramirez-San-Juan(1)

1. Optics Department, INAOE, Luis Enrique Erro No. 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico2. Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara. Enrique Diaz de León 1144,

Lagos de Moreno Jalisco MX, 47463


ABSTRACT:

The spatial correlation between neighbour pixels has an important role in different applications which use a speckle contrast image, for example, laser speckle imaging (LSI) [1]. In this work, we study spatial correlation in a neighbourhood of 5 by 5 pixels of a speckle pattern. In the scenario that the speckle size is smaller than the pixel size, several speckles may impinge on a single pixel, therefore, each pixel has different information even if they are neighbours, for that reason are not correlated. In the scenario where the speckle size is bigger than the pixel size a single speckle may influence several pixels, therefore all of them are correlated, its correlation depends on the relative distance. We calculate an analytical expression for the contrast considering that the neighbourhood of 5 by 5 pixels are correlated. We compare our calculations versus experimental data and a similar work which considerate a 3x3 neighbourhood [2]. Our result has a good agreement with the experimental data.

Figure 1: Contrast versus the ratio of the pixel and speckle spot area plot. Analytical contrast considering no neighbour correlation correction (cyan line), 3x3 neighbourhood correlation correction (black line),

5x5 neighbourhood correlation correction (pink line). Experimental data for sliding window of 3x3 pixels (black dots) and 5x5 pixels (pink dots).

References [1] J. C. Ramirez-San-Juan et al. Opt. Lett. 39(3), 678-681 (2014)[2] S. E. Skipetrov et al. Opt. Express, 18(14):14519–14534, (2010).

MOPM2017 O28

Color image quantization using a single layer lattice perceptron

Gonzalo Urcid-Serrano(1) and Rocío Morales-Salgado (2)

1. Optics Dept., INAOE, Tonantzintla 72840, Puebla, MX2. Information Technologies & Data Science Dept., UPAEP, Santiago 72410, Puebla, MX


ABSTRACT: In this work we propose a single layer lattice perceptron to realize coarse or fine color image quantization. As shown in Fig. 1, the single layer lattice perceptron (SLLP) consists of a layer of input neurons fully connected to a single output neuron endowed with artificial dendrites. Propagation rule computation per dendrite and total output neuron response are based on lattice algebra operations. The SLLP is trained with standard color palettes used in areas, such as, photo and video industry, web page design, and real color vision based on perceptual uniform color spaces. Thus, neural weights are assigned to dendrites in order to compute the L1 and L∞ metrics and the whole lattice neural network works as a simple and fast multi-valued pixel quantizer for any input color image. Examples are given to show that the SLLP gives low quantization errors and competes with other similar techniques.

Figure 1: Architecture of a SLLP

References [1] Park H.J., Kim, K.B., Cha E-Y. J. of Comp. Int. & Neuroscience (22), 1-11 (2016)[2] Phung S.L., Bouzerdoum A., Chai D. IEEE Trans. Pat. An. & Machine Int., 27(1):148-154, (2005).

MOPM2017 O29

PHOTONICS

Multispectral light source for endoscopic procedures

J.D. Rivera Fernández (1), K. Roa Tort (1), J. M. de la Rosa Vázquez (1), S. Stolik Isakina (1), A.Valor Reed (1), D. A. Fabila Bustos (2),

1. Laboratorio de biofotónica, ESIME Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, MéxicoCDMX, 07738, México

2. UPIIH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, MéxicoCorresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

A light source with different emission spectrums was developed that allows the irradiation of the biological tissue, in-vivo1, implementing endoscopy instrumentation, this device is an opto-mechanical semiautomatic exchange system. Also, a photo acquisition and storage software was developed that displays visual information complementary to the diagnosis of medical specialists.

The light emission system has five different illuminants, one white light emitting diode (LED) and four laser diodes.

This system aims to solve some technical problems during the endoscopy test, like limitation of a single white light source and necessity to have portable equipment. Likewise, this device of photonic instrumentation, improves the coupling between the illumination (LEDs and laser diodes) and the optical fiber, which transmits the light, to keep the highest possible efficiency of irradiation when the light source is changed.

The opto-mechanical system, for the exchange of illumination, is actuated by a pedal with the intention that the doctor, when manipulating his instrumentation, can obtain information of the same area of interest, considering that the endoscopic studies depend to a great extent on the pulse of the specialist to manage his equipment, as well as having a short time of clinical analysis to avoid patient inconveniences.

The general purpose of this investigation is to give complement visual information of the diagnosis through pictures, with different illumination, which are acquired by the endoscopy camera. To capture the photographs, the medical endoscopy instrument used in this research has a USB (Universal Serial Bus) connection camera which makes it possible to observe an internal cavity or organ within the human body through a system as a laptop computer.

The interface allows the automatic storage of photographs that will be used to provide information to the specialist to complement their diagnosis.

1 In medicine it refers to an alive organism.

MOPM2017 F31

Response of the Photoreceptors in the Eichornnia crassipes

Gonzalo González Gutiérrez (1), Viviana Matilde Mesa Cornejo(1) y Jorge Enrique Mejía Sánchez (1)

1. Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara. Av. Enrique Díaz de León1144. Col. Paseos de la Montaña. C. P. 47460, Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, México.


ABSTRACT:

Plants are biological photosynthetic systems for their ability to transform inorganic matter into organic matter, through the energy provided by light, in addition to that for plants light is considered as one of the most important factors in its development, not only as a source of energy, but as a fundamental pillar for their life, directly influencing their growth and development. The absorption of this light energy is done through mechanisms known as photoreceptors which allow to detect the spectrum, the intensity, the direction and duration of light incidence, in order to minimize any eventual damage due to excess or lack of radiation. These photoreceptors are also the systems responsible for transforming light information into biological processes important for them and living beings, such as phototropism, etiolation, circadian rhythm, among others. The photoreceptors are classified according to the absorption spectrum of the radiation, in this way we can find that the phytochromes absorb within the spectrum of the red and infrared, the cryptochromes absorb in the blue and the fototropinas in the blue-ultraviolet, besides that both cryptochromes, such as phytochromes, may eventually absorb part of the spectrum in the green light frequency [1-3]. This paper describes the behavior of Eichornnia crassipes when exposed to different frequencies of light for its possible implementation as a control method. The species studied were collected under similar conditions and characteristics in sweet freshwater bodies near Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco. In order to observe behaviors such as growth rate, leaf color and reproduction, sample plants with similar phenotypic characteristics were selected to be irradiated with different frequencies of light. At the end of the experiment it was possible to observe variations in the development, rate of growth and reproduction of the plant, depending on the frequency of irradiation.

References [1] Folta, K. M., & Childers, K. S. (2008). Light as a growth regulator: controlling plant biology with

narrow-bandwidth solid-state lighting systems. HortScience, 43(7), 1957-1964. [2] Franklin, K. A., & Whitelam, G. C. (2004). Light signals, phytochromes and cross-talk with other

environmental cues. Journal of experimental botany, 55(395), 271-276. [3] Chen, M., Chory, J., & Fankhauser, C. (2004). Light signal transduction in higher plants. Annu.

Rev. Genet., 38, 87-117.

MOPM2017 F32

Automated system to liver fibrosis biopsies detection.

K. Roa Tort (1), J. D. Rivera Fernández (1), J. M. de la Rosa Vázquez (1), S. Stolik Isakina (1), A.Valor Reed (1), D. A. Fabila Bustos (2), G. Escobedo (3).

1. Laboratorio de Biofotónica, ESIME Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, MéxicoCDMX. 07738, México.

2. UPIIH, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Pachuca de Soto, Hidalgo, México.3. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de

Medicina, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, México, CDMX, 06726, México.


ABSTRACT:

Nowadays there are different diagnostic methods for liver fibrosis like, abdominal ultrasound, biomarker test and liver biopsy. The last one called the “gold standard” and provide the necessary information to doctors to find the causes of disease and see how much the liver is inflamed or scarred, with that determine the correct diagnosis. The principal disadvantage is that usually can be evaluate more accurate results when the disease is a severe degree of liver fibrosis (F3) or when it has developed hepatic cirrhosis (F4); with regard the previous, the validity indices that have methods mentioned do not have the desired specificity and sensitivity to emit a correct diagnostic. For that reason, this paper present the development of an automated system that integrates photonic technology to classify different liver fibrosis degree, from the initial stage (F1-F2) to hepatic cirrhosis (F4) or discard the disease. It is working with LEDs and laser diodes of different wavelength (visible and ultraviolet light range of the electromagnetic spectrum), to irradiate on the paraffin-embedded tissue (biopsy) with the purpose to get the fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectrums and after that, do the analysis. The control system is through LAVBIEW software to perform four important activities: recognizing the interest area by machine vision, controlling light source, getting the spectrum and finally, positioning on each biopsy.

MOPM2017 F33

Needle-free microjet injection by means of CW laser cavitation C. Berrospe-Rodriguez (1), CW Visser(2), D. Fernandez Rivas(2) and R. Ramos-Garcia(1)

1. Depto. Óptica, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, A.P. 51 y 216, 72000Puebla, Pue., Mexico.

2. MESA+ Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217,7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.


ABSTRACT:Drug delivery by means of needle-free mechanisms has been deeply studied in order to ovoid the use of syringes, due to serious problems this device generate [1]. Nowadays, exist several needle-free injectors, some of them commercially available (spring , chemical reaction) and others still under study (ultrasonic and laser) [2]. Particularly, laser-based injectors produce fast and sharp-shape liquid jets that could penetrate the human skin layers without cross contamination. In this systems, the generation of a cavitation bubble produces a strong shockwave (Gpa), which expels the liquid at velocities up to 200 m/s [3]. Despite this technique seems to be a promising way to eliminate the needle injection, pulsed lasers are big, noisy and expensive systems that preclude the develop of a compact and portable injectors.

In this work, we propose the generation of liquid microjets by the use of thermocavitation (or continuous wave laser CW cavitation). We design, fabricate and characterize a CW laser-based microfluidic jet system, with an special geometry that allows bubble expansion and dynamic focusing of fluid. Velocities up to 100 m/s and penetration depth of 1 mm into skin-like phantoms, were obtained. With this study, we explored the possibility to develop a portable, reusable, compact and low cost needle-free injector.

Figure: Microjet penetration into agarose phantom gel with velocity of 75 m/s with a cw laser-based injector.

References[1] Y. Chartier et al. World Health Organization, 2014.[2] A. P. Raphael et al. Curr. Pharm. Des. 21, 2830–2847 (2015).[3] Y. Tagawa, et al. Lab Chip 13, 1357–1363 (2013).

MOPM2017 F34

Visualization of deep blood vessels using principal component analysis based laser speckle imaging.

JA Arias-Cruz a*, R. Chiub , Hayde Peregrina-Barretoa, R. Ramos-Garciaa , and Julio C.Ramirez-San-Juana

aInstituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica, Depto. de Optica, Luis Enrique Erro No.1,Tonantzintla, Puebla, Mexico, 72840

bCentro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara. Enrique Diaz de León 1144, Lagos de Moreno Jalisco MX, 47463

*Corresponding author: [email protected]:

Visualization of blood vessels in biological tissue is a fundamental task in different areas of medicine since allows evaluation of the health and biological integrity of the tissue under study. Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSI) [1] is a non invasive technique that allows efficient determination of the blood flow profile in superficial or exposed vasculature. However, when the vascular structure is deep under skin or skull, its visualization using LSI is hindered by the optical scattering generated by those structures. In this paper, we propose the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) [2], which is a technique that transforms a set of data from its original plane to principal components' plane. The original data can be recovery by selecting only those principal components that contain the desired information. For LSI images where the desired information (blood vessels structure) is obscured by the static regions, it is possible to separate and filtrate the information from static structures by preserving the more significant components, in the image retrieval process. This analysis was applied to in vitro and in vivo samples. Our results demonstrate, that, by using a combination of LSI and PCA is possible to visualize blood vessels as deep as 1000 µm. Our proposal offers unprecedented visualization as compared to other approaches.

References 1. Dunn AK1, Bolay H, Moskowitz MA, Boas DA., “Dynamic imaging of cerebral blood flow using laserspeckle”. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 21, 195–201, 2001.2. H. Abdi, and L. J. Williams, “Principal component analysis,” Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Comput.Statistics 2, 433–459 (2010).

MOPM2017 F35

Graphical user interface for exact ray tracing in the human eye

G. Diaz-Gonzalez(1), M. D. Iturbe-Castillo (2), R. Juarez-Salazar (3), A. Santiago-Alvarado (1).

1. Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca. Oaxaca, México.2. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica. Puebla, México.

3. CITEDI, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Baja California, México.Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

A computational tool to calculate the focal length of the optical system of the eye versus variations on its geometrical parameters is presented. We perform an exact ray-tracing based on [1] in order to visualize the focusing regions and estimate the power of the optical system. Common parameters [2], and others as those producing ametropies [3], can be easily modified and analyzed by means of simulations. We show that the computational tool can be used to select the best degree of correction to be made in a human eye presenting refractive errors, whether through ophthalmic lenses or laser surgery. The geometrical parameters related to the cornea and the other optical elements of the human eye, are computationally modified and analysed by the intuitive graphic user interface shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Graphical user interface to insert and visualize data.

References [1] Elagha, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 29(12), 2679-2687 (2012).[2] Navarro et al. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2(8): 1273-1281 (1985).[3] Schwiegerling, Field Guide to Visual and Ophthalmic Optics. SPIE Press. 23–25 (2004).

MOPM2017 F36

Optical fiber Michelson interferometer based on a modal redistribution with a tapered fiber for displacement measurements

G. Salceda-delgado (1), A. Martinez-Rios (2), R. Selvas-Aguilar (1), R. I. Álvarez-Tamayo (1,*), A.Castillo-Guzman (1), and L. F. Enriquez-Gomez (2,4)

1. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455 SanNicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México. (*CONACYT)

2. Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A. C., Loma del bosque 115, Col. Lomas del Campestre,37150 León, Gto., México

3. Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, Avenida Adolfo López Mateos 1801, 20256Aguascalientes, Ags., México


ABSTRACT: An optical fiber modal Michelson interferometer (OFMI) for displacement measurements is presented.

It is constructed by a designed bi-conical optical fiber tapered section [1] in line with a single mode fiber (SMF) segment. When the OFMI is bent by a displacement movement perturbation, a core modal light redistribution is generated in the tapered section which enables coupling between core and cladding modes [2]. The core and cladding modes are propagated back and forward through the SMF segment to generate a Michelson interference pattern. As displacement increases, the OFMI spectrum suffer a spectral shift and a visibility increase contrast (see Fig. 1a).

Figure 1: Sample figure

For a dynamic range from 0 to 4 mm, sensitivities of around 1.93 nn/mm and 0.073 a.u./mm were experimentally obtained for wavelength shift and visibility interrogation, respectively (see Fig. 1b). As an additional advantage sensor characteristic, for a specifically application; the sensitivity and the spectral shape of the sensor can be adjusted by reducing or enlarging the SMF segment length.

References [1] G. Salceda-Delgado et al. Journal of Lightwave Technology 31(5) 761-767 (2013)[2] D. Monzon-Hernandez et al. Opt. Lett. 36(22) 4380-4382 (2011)

MOPM2017 F37

Fluor absorption through carbon nanostructures

Luz Elena Méndez Escobar (1), Jorge Enrique Mejía Sánchez (1), Viana Matilde Mesa Cornejo(1)

1. Universidad de Guadalajara.Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Fluoride is the nature most electronegative chemical element, is very common in the earth’s crust, its low concentrations are beneficial to health. However, studies have shown that high concentrations found mainly in water, can trigger diseases like dental fluorosis, hepatic, renal and pulmonary damage. Currently one of the most used techniques to remove this element is the use of nanoparticles.

Due to this is of a special interest to analyze the light interaction with these structures, and in this way find techniques that allowed to improve the removal. This paper describes Linear Optical response of the carbon nanotubes with a flourish absorption.The calculations were developed in the software ABINIT[1], which bases its analysis on the theory of first principles, using the theory of the functional density and the approximation of local density, from a base set of relativistic pseudopotential and plane waves.

The calculation was started determining the net constant, continuing with the carbon nanotubes relaxation, to finally obtained the di6electric function and the bands structure, four structures with and without flourish. The optimization was in carbon-carbon single wall nanotubes, in the structure zigzag (4,0), armchair ( 2.2), and chiral (3,2).The method is based on the Kohn-Sham DFT framework within the local density approximation (LDA) [2]. The potential of the ionic nucleus was replaced by a Goedecker- Teter-Hutter pseudopotential[3].

Through the calculations obtained, it is possible to verify the formation of carbon nanotube structures ideal for the adsorption of fluorine.

References [1] Gonze, X., Amadon, B., Anglade, P. M., Beuken, J. M., Bottin, F., Boulanger, P., & Deutsch, T. (2009).ABINIT: First-principles approach to material and nanosystem properties. Computer Physics Communications,180(12), 2582-2615.[2] W. Kohn and L. J. Sham, Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects, Phys. Rev.140(4A), A1133 (1965).[3]Hamann, D. R., Schlüter, M., & Chiang, C. (1979). Norm-conserving pseudopotentials. PhysicalReview Letters, 43(20), 1494.

MOPM2017 F39

A switchable multi-wavelength linear fiber laser based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and photonic crystal fiber

D. Torres-Gonzalez (1), D. Guapo-Mendieta (1), J.M. Estudillo-Ayala (1), J.M. Sierra-Hernandez(1),D. Jauregui-Vazquez (1), J.C. Hernandez-Garcia (1), R. Rojas-Laguna (1)

1. División de Ingenierías Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, CarreteraSalamanca-Valle de Santiago km 3.5 + 1.8, Comunidad de Palo Blanco, Salamanca, Gto.,

36885, México. [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

In recent years the switchable and tunable multi-wavelength fiber lasers have attracted a considerable interest in the past few decades because of their cost-efficiency in potential applications such as; wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) communication systems, fiber sensing and spectroscopy [1]. In this work a switchable multi-wavelength erbium doped fiber linear laser based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is presented. Here, the MZI was implemented by fusion core-offset splicing of one section of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) between two pieces of single mode fibers (SMFs). Moreover, this MZI was set into an optical fiber coupler and as a result act as full-reflecting mirror as wavelength selective filter. In other hand, the partially reflecting mirror was achieved coated with aluminium the end of the cleaved fiber, in order to obtain cavity oscillation into the laser line configuration. The laser can emit a single and double line, which can be switched from 1556 to 1560 nm by controlling the polarization states. Finally, the laser shows high stability a room temperature.

References [1] J. Gutierrez-Gutierrez, et al “Switchable and multi-wavelength linear fiber laser based on Fabry-PerotMach-Zehnder interferometers,” Opt. Commun., vol. 374, pp. 39-44, April 2016.

Fig. 2. Simultaneous dual-wavelength oscillation of the proposed linear-cavity fiber laser.

Fig. 1. Output spectra of single- wavelength oscillation

MOPM2017 F40


Temperature sensor based on a core-offset Mach-Zehnder interferometer with single mode fiber

R. Peñaloza-Delgado(1), J. M. Sierra-Hernandez (1), E. Pacheco-Chacon (1), D. Jauregui-Vazquez

(1), T. Kaur (1), J. M. Estudillo-Ayala (1), E. Hernandez-Rodriguez (1), and R. Rojas-Laguna (1)

1. Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, División de Ingenierías, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Comunidad de Palo Blanco, Salamanca, Gto., C.P.

36885, México. Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

In this paper, the preliminary results of a temperature sensor based on the effect of division of the amplitude on an interferometer Mach-Zehnder (MZI). The MZI was implemented by core-offset fusion splicing one section of a single mode fiber (SMF) segment of length 4cm between two pieces of single mode fibers (SMFs). The output power spectrum of the MZI showed a stripe contrast around 20 dB. The experimental results showed a change in wavelength due to a temperature change applied on the MZI. The range was taken from 25 to 45 °C whose control was performed by means of a pair of peltier thermoelectric cells as actuator. Finally, these MZIs can be implemented in a compact size and low cost.

Fig. 1: Experimental results

The highest visibility obtained was 20 dBm with a peak at 1562 nm and the next immediate valley at 1570 nm as shown figure 1, with a separation between the consecutive peaks of Δλ = 1 nm. Very small variations of temperature are shown, on the order of 5° C.

MOPM2017 F41

Study of the Nonlinear Fiber Effects in Muli-wavelength Erbium Doped Linear Fiber Laser.

D. Jauregui-Vazquez (1), M. Perez-Maciel(1), J. M. Estudillo-Ayala(1), J.M. Sierra-Hernandez(1),R. Rojas-Laguna(1), J.R. Reyes-Ayona(1) and J.C. Hernandez-Garcia(1)

1. Departamento de Electrónica, División de Ingenierías Campus Irapuato-Salamanca,Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Salamanca-Valle de Santiago Km 3.5+1.8 Km,

Salamanca,Gto. 3688. Mexico. Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

During several decades multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser arrangements have been attracted for researchers owing to its several applications and the use of interesting nonlinear effect to generate multiples laser emissions [1-3]. Driven by this interest a multi-wavelength linear fiber laser based on nonlinear effect is experimentally demonstrated. The fiber laser is based on Fabry-Perot interferometer, the first step consists of analyzing the laser without using a nonlinear fiber, here only 3 lasing lines are obtained, then by using the nonlinear fiber six simultaneous wavelengths emissions with a minimal spacing of 1nm and signal to noise ratio higher than 35dB were observed. This arrangement offers low cost, compactness and can be implemented in numerous applications.

Figure 1: Sample figure

References [1] J.M Estudillo-Ayala, et al. Applied Physics B 121(4), 407-412 (2015)[2] J. Gutierrez-Gutierrez, et al. Optics Communications, 374(September)39–44, (2016).[3] D. Jauregui-Vazquez, et al. Laser Physics, 26(10) 105105 (2016).

MOPM2017 F42

Analysis of an Ytterbium Doped Ring Laser Cavity Operated by a Tapered Optical Fiber and Liquid Refractive Index Changes

T. Lozano-Hernandez (1), D. Jauregui-Vazquez (1), J.M. Estudillo-Ayala (1),L. Herrera-Piad (1),J.M. Sierra-Hernandez(1), A. Corona-Chavez(1), R. Rojas-Laguna(1) and J.C. Hernandez-Garcia(1)

1 Departamento de Electrónica, División de Ingenierías Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Salamanca-Valle de Santiago Km 3.5+1.8 Km,

Salamanca,Gto. 3688. Mexico. Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Ring laser cavity is one of the most attracted fiber laser configuration in recent years [1]. In addition wavelength operation around 1000 nm has several applications in medicine, military devices, manufacturing materials and pumping laser [1-2]. In this work we analysed an Ytterbium doped ring laser cavity that contains and optical fiber bi-taper. The tapered optical fiber acts as a fiber filter device, which allow obtain multiples laser emissions when liquid refractive index changes are applied around the surrounding media. Moreover by using a polarization controlling the lasing lines are also altered. The laser offer 7 different laser emissions with a Side Mode Suppression Ratio close to 24.41 dB. The fiber laser exhibits good power and wavelength stability for the wavelength laser emissions (19.48 dB and 1025 nm). The emissions are obtained from 1020.93 nm to 1027.66 nm. The schematic configuration offers low cost-effective implementation and simple operation.

Figure 1: Different output laser response achieved

References [1] Koester, C. J. and Snitzer, E., “Amplification in a Fiber Laser”, Applied Optics, vol. 3, n° 10, pp.1182-1186, (1964).[2] Freiberg, Robert J., “Method of Laser Surgery using Multiple Wavelengths”, U.S. Patent 5540676 A,Julio 30, (1996).

MOPM2017 F43

ANALYSIS OF THE OPTOELECTRONIC AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF A DSSC WITH UNION ZNO / TIO2 AND ITS

EFFECT ON CONVERSION EFFICIENCY.

G.M. Rosete Ortiz(1), D. De la Cruz Romero (1), L. Rojas Blanco (2)

1. División Académica de Ciencias Básicas. Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco,Cunduacán Tabasco CP 86690 México

2. División Académica de Ingeniería y Arquitectura. Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco,Cunduacán Tabasco CP 86690 México


ABSTRACT:

The growing demand for energy and the large amount of waste generated worldwide makes the current energy model unfeasible where non-renewable sources of energy are paramount. There is no doubt that a new paradigm is required where the supply of energy for global development is based on environmentally friendly, renewable, economic and for all sources. Solar energy still presents challenges in the technological and economic aspects that can only be solved as the arduous task of the researcher is bearing fruit.

Nanoparticles of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide were synthesized by precipitation and forced hydrolysis methods, respectively. The influence of the optical, electronic, structural and electrochemical properties of the ZnO / TiO2 bond on the performance of photovoltaic efficiency was studied. The synthesized samples have been characterized structurally, morphologically, optically and electrochemically using XRD, MEB, UV - Vis spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance and their application in a dye - sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on the N719.

The average size of the zinc oxide crystal is in the range of 17-24 nm while the average size of the titanium dioxide crystal is between 50-60 nm. The optical banned band of these materials is 3.5% lower than that reported for zinc oxide and 1.5% lower for titanium dioxide. The DSSC based on N719 showed an increase in conversion efficiency (50%) due to the interfacial structural change in ZnO / TiO2 binding.

MOPM2017 F30

Increasing the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells translates as a better use of solar energy, as long as the costs of materials and processes involved are cheap and their toxicity is relevant.

MOPM2017 F44


Calculation of the band structures of an immersed Phononic Crystal in a 3D waveguide using Periodic Green’s Function Method

C. Guillén Gallegos(1), H. Alva Medrano(1), A. Mendoza Suárez(1), H. Pérez Aguilar(1)

1Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Avenida Francisco J. Múgica S/N, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México.


ABSTRACT:

In this work, we present the numerical calculations of the bands structures of a Phononic Crystal immersed in a 3D waveguide using a Boundary Element Method, which implements the Periodic Green’s Function [1]. In particular, for a rectangular waveguide containing a one-dimensional periodic arrangement of spherical inclusions. Bandgaps of the proposed structure when considering different values of the radius (or filling fractions), under Dirichlet boundary conditions are shown (Fig. 1). To give greater reliability to the results, a comparison between the obtained numerical results and its analytical counterpart is established, showing good agreement. These properties present some interest since a technological point of view.

Figure 1: (a) Unit cell of a 3D waveguide containing a one-dimensional periodic arrangement of spherical inclusions in the x-direction with spacing between the plates of b = 2π. The radius of the spherical inclusion is given by r = 0.6186. (b) Band structure of a Phononic Crystal immersed in a 3D waveguide determined with our numerical method.

References [1] Mendoza-Suárez, A., and Pérez-Aguilar, H. Photonic. Nanostruct. 21: 1-12 (2016).

MOPM2017 F45

Surface modes in Photonic Crystal Waveguides that include a dispersive left-handed material

H. Alva Medrano(1), Alberto Mendoza Suárez(1), H. Pérez Aguilar(1)



ABSTRACT:

The study of modes on surfaces of left-handed material (metamaterial) is of current interest from theoretical and applied point of view. In this work, we show a numerical study of the presence of surface modes in electromagnetic systems formed by Photonic Crystal Waveguides that include layers of dispersive metamaterials. The waveguide model assumes perfectly electrical conducting surfaces. The periodicity required in order to a photonic crystal in the waveguide is performed in several ways; for example, with sinusoidal conductive surfaces and with flat surfaces that surround a periodic arrangement of conducting cylinders. Some conducting surfaces are coated with layers of metamaterials, because it is known that in the interface between a metamaterial and vacuum appear surface plasmons [1]. The numerical techniques used are based on integral equations methods [2]. The results obtained for periodic systems allow concluding that exist surface modes in the studied system (see Fig 1).

Figure 1: Electromagnetic intensity patterns.

References [1] Ruppin, R. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 16 (14): 5991-5998 (2004).[2] Mendoza-Suárez, A., and H. Pérez-Aguilar. Photonic. Nanostruct. 21: 1-12 (2016).

MOPM2017 F46

Electromagnetic surface modes in Photonic Crystal Waveguides containing inclusions with rough surfaces of dispersive metamaterial

José Eduardo Medina Magallón(1), Héctor Pérez Aguilar(1), Petr Zhevandrov Bolshakova(1), Alberto Mendoza Suárez(1)



ABSTRACT:

In this work we present a numerical study of the band structure and electromagnetic response of a photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) formed by two flat conductive plates containing inclusions with smooth and rough surfaces of different types of materials. The numerical technique we have used to perform the calculations is known as the “Integral Equation Method” [1]. Firstly, with this method, we calculate the band structures of a PCW of infinite length and its optical response when it is of finite length with conductive surfaces using, in addition, the Impedance Boundary Condition Method (IBCM). The numerical results of such systems showing that the greater the roughness or the fill fraction of the inclusion, the band structure or the reflectance exhibit important changes. Subsequently, some numerical results are presented when the PCW of infinite length contains dispersive metamaterial (LHM) inclusions with arbitrary geometries and sizes, showing that the electromagnetic surface mode is present at frequency of ωr = 0.7506 (Fig. 1). Finally, we think that some results of this work may well have practical applications.

Figure 1: Determinant functions Det(0, ωr) of Photonic Crystal Waveguides with (a) smooth and (b) rough surfaces.

References [1] Mendoza-Suárez, A., et. al. Rev. Mex. Fis. 54: 82-86 (2008).

MOPM2017 F47

Reflective properties of two-dimensional square lattices with smooth and randomly rough surfaces

Luis Eduardo Puente Díaz(1), Victor Castillo Gallardo(1), Héctor Pérez Aguilar(1), Alberto Mendoza Suárez(1)



ABSTRACT:

Photonic Crystals (PCs) are currently a subject of new research because they have a high potential for many applications, such as the development of photonic integrated circuits. PCs are composed of periodic dielectric structures that affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EM) in the same way that the periodic potential in a semiconductor affects the movement of electrons; similarly defining permitted and prohibited photonic bands. In this work, we present an integral method [1] that allows calculating the band structures and the reflective and transitive properties of a two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystal containing dielectric rods with smooth and randomly rough surfaces (Fig. 1). The influence of the roughness on the surface of cylinders array is notorious, which indicates considerable changes in the transmission properties in a real photonic crystal. This idea of modeling rough surfaces is relevant since, despite the existence of a well-developed technology for the manufacture of surfaces, photonic crystals have defects.

Figure 1: Reflective and transitive properties of finite CF2D.

References [1] Mendoza-Suárez, A., et. al. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23(10): 2249-2256 (2006).

MOPM2017 F48

Numerical study of reflective properties of two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystals with rough surfaces using integral

methods

Victor Castillo Gallardo(1), Luis Eduardo Puente Díaz(1), Héctor Pérez Aguilar(1), Alberto Mendoza Suárez(1)



ABSTRACT:

The interest in controlling the flow of light through nanomaterials has been increasing since the last century. In this way, a material was proposed that has a periodic modulation of the refraction index: the Photonic Crystal (PC) [1]. These materials are present in nature and are responsible for the iridescent color of the opal stone, the butterfly wings, and others. Although they can be manufactured artificially by novel techniques that allow micro machining of the material [2], however the machining is not completely accurate, that is to say, there are irregularities within the photonic structure that modify the reflective optical properties as well as the band structure of the same. In this work, a numerical technique known as Integral Equation Method [3] was used to obtain the band structures and the optical reflectance of two-dimensional hexagonal photonic structures (2DPC) with randomly rough surfaces. In order to simulate a 2DPC, a dielectric plate with inclusions of rough surfaces was analyzed. When we consider the two-dimensional photonic structure with rough surfaces we get closer to a real physical system and this causes the reflective optical properties to change.

References [1] Yablonovitch, E. Phys. Rev. Lett. 58: 2059-2062 (1987).[2] Krauss, T. F., et al. Prog. Quant. Electron. 23: 51-96 (1999).[3] Mendoza-Suárez, A., et al. JOSA B 23(10): 2249-2256 (2006).

MOPM2017 F49

Generalized Optical Theorem for Invariants Beams

Irving Rondon Ojeda (1), Mary Carmen Peña Gomar (1) , Francisco Soto Eguibar (2)

(1) Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás deHidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México

(2) Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica, Luis Enrique Erro 1, Santa MaríaTonantzintla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla 72840, México


ABSTRACT

Many practical applications require the analysis of electromagnetic scattering properties of local structures using different sources of illumination. The Optical Theorem (OT) is a useful result in scattering theory, relating the extinction of a structure to the scattering amplitude in the forward direction. The most common derivation of the OT is given for plane waves but advances in optical engineering now allow laser beam shaping, which might require an extended theorem where the impinging source is a structured field. In this work, We have obtained a general optical theorem for any propagation invariant beam, where the plane wave case is a particular case. To demonstrate the link between our generalized formulation and prior results in this area, we have shown that the presented ordinary form of the optical theorem renders the particular case for free space derived in previous works. Using the amplitude scattering function in the far field approximation we have obtained a general representation for the Rayleigh scattering regime that can be applied to any invariant beam. We have studied the scattering of a Bessel beam, assuming that the incident wave is linearly polarized and considering a zero Bessel beam as a function of the incident impinging angleˇ. Our method can be extended to other propagation invariant beam members, both to calculate the scattering amplitude function and to evaluate the forward-scattering approach. This method can be applied to arbitrary probing fields as any invariant beam can be written as a plane wave superposition. We also analyze the scattering problem of a zero order Bessel beam by a dielectric sphere, under the Rayleigh approximation by varying the angle of incidence.

References

[1] J.D. Jackson, Classic Electrodynamics, 3rd ed., Wiley, 1999.[2] L. Tsang, J.A. Kong, K.H. Ding, Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves: Theories and Applications,John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2000[5] A. Ishimaru, Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation and Scattering, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1991.[4] I. Rondon Ojeda, F. Soto Eguibar, Optik 137, 17, (2017)

MOPM2017 F50

Focusing light trough highly scattering YSZ ceramic cranial implant

B. Coyotl-Ocelotl (1), R. Ramos-Garcia (1), J.C. Ramirez-San-Juan (1)

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica, Departamento de Optica, Luis ErroNo. 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla 72840, Mexico


ABSTRACT Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic has been widely used to make prosthesis for hip and teeth replacements [1]. Because of its high biocompatibility, it is currently studied to determine its possible use as a cranial implant; however, this ceramic is in general opaque and highly scattering medium due to its internal microstructure which would inhibit the ability to watch through it to monitor the performance of cerebral surgery or diagnose and treat secondary infections in a non-invasive way. Recently, it has been shown that wavefront shaping (WFS) [2] is a powerful tool to overcome the problem of optical imaging through highly scattering media. In this work, WFS is implemented using a spatial light modulator to compensate static scattering produced by an 8YSZ ceramic wafer Fig 1.a). The main goal of this study is to focus light to a very local region of interest. For this purpose, a sequential phase shaping algorithm was implemented experimentally. This algorithm is used to encode a phase distribution Fig. 1.c) on an incident beam to pre-compensate phase distortions acquired by the beam after propagating through the 8YSZ sample. The sequential algorithm combined with a spatial light modulator is used to synthesize a phase distribution required for focusing light to a local spot Fig. 1.d).

Figure 1: a) 8YSZ ceramic wafer, b) initial scattering pattern produced by light passing through the wafer, c) phase distribution to compensate static scattering introduced by the ceramic, modulation is given from0 (black colour) to 2π (white colour) and d) intensity distribution after optimization.

References [1] Oliva, J.et al. Fang et al. Eur J Esthet Dent 3(2), 174-185 (2008)[2] Vellekoop, I. M. et al. Opt. Letters 32(16), 2309-2311(2007).[3] Vellekoop, I.M. et al. Opt. Commun. 281 3071–3080, (2008)

MOPM2017 F51

Study of Light Radiation Distribution in Hybrid Light Emitting Device

A. Kosarev 1, C. Ospina 1, J. Carrillo 2, S. Mansurova 1, H. Martinez 1, I. Cosme 1,3

1. 1 National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro #1,Tonantzintla, Puebla, Mexico 72840

2. 2 Autonomous University of Tamaulipas (UAT-UAMRR), Reynosa-San Fernando Highway, Reynosa,Tamaulipas, Mexico 88779

3. 3 CONACYT-INAOE, Luis Enrique Erro # 1, Tonantzintla, Puebla, México C.P. 72840

ABSTRACT:

Organic semiconductors have demonstrated effective light radiation in thin film junctions. However only integral characteristics of light radiation as if current flow and related radiation process be uniform over area have been reported. Because current density does not flow uniformly, this would have effects on local radiation of light. We report on 2D distribution of radiation intensity distribution in hybrid thin film light emitting device (LED) with intrinsic organic material. The samples in p-i-n junction configuration were fabricated on glass substrate and comprised by transparent conductive electrode, p-doped layer, F8:F8BT organic active layer, n-doped Si:H(P) layer and rare metal electrode. DC Current-voltage characteristics in forward and reverse biased structures were studied together with light radiation. Remarkable light radiation was observed for sufficiently high injection in forward biased structures. 2D image of light emission demonstrated clearly non uniform spotty intensity distribution. 2D image of light emission was processed statistically and as a result was obtained the distribution function radiation intensity over sample area, as well as lateral distribution of radiation intensity. The experimental data on fabrication process, characterization including 2D light emitting images and their processing and analysis for different bias current (voltage) are presented and discussed.

MOPM2017 F52

Study of the deposition temperature effect on optoelectronics properties of aluminium doped zinc oxide films fabricated by

PECVD.

S. Vázquez-y-Parraguirre(1), I. Cosme(1,2), S. Mansurova(1), A. Kosarev(1), A. Itzmoyotl(1).

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica.2. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT)-INAOE

[email protected]

ABSTRACT: Aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films were fabricated using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) system on top of glass substrate at variable from 100°C to 200°C deposition temperatures. Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films were deposited by RF discharge at frequency 13.56 MHz in argon atmosphere. Optical and electrical properties of AZO films were characterized by four-point probe method, as well as by Hall effect and optical transmittance spectral measurements. Besides, morphological properties of the AZO films were studied using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy (AFM and SEM) methods. It was found, that the increase in films deposition temperature results in higher charge carriers mobilities and charge carriers concentrations. As a result, sheet resistance and the resistivity of the AZO films decrease at growing deposition temperature. For all samples the optical transmittance reached values above 95 %. AFM and SEM analysis revealed, that AZO film grown at optimum processing conditions possess well developed columnar structure producing as a result a nanostructured surface with average grain size of about 30 nm (Fig. 1).

Summarizing, the effect of deposition temperature on optoelectronics properties of AZO films fabricated by PECVD has been studied. The feasibility of deposition process at temperatures fully compatible with flexible plastic substrates producing AZO films with characteristics comparable with those of commercially available TCOs has been demonstrated.

Figure 1: SEM microphotograph of AZO film at 175 °C deposition temperature.

MOPM2017 F53

Filter Transmittance Measurements of Microwaves-Terahertz Filters for Radio Astronomy using THz-TDS spectroscopy

G. Paz-Martínez , C-G Trevino-Palacios , S. Ventura-González, D. Ferrusca-Rodríguez

Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Optica y Electronica Luis Enrique Erro 1, Sta MaTonantzintla, Puebla Pue 72840, Mexico


ABSTRACT:

For years, in radio astronomy the commonly used technique for measurement of transmittance has been The Fourier Transform Spectrometry (FTS) [1]. This require hard work because data analysis is complex and cryogenic is necessary so is cost and time consuming. We present results of transmittance measurement using a THz-TDS [2] system of four commercial filters and some materials commonly used like millimeter and terahertz filter for astronomy applications.

Figure 1: Transmittance of a 0.2 THz low pass filter.

References [1] Afsar et al. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, Vol. 45, No. 12

(1997)[2] Hangyo et al. International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol. 26, No 12 (2005).

MOPM2017 F54

Short Pulse LED FROG

David Zárate Villegas and Carlos G Treviño Palacios

Instituto Nacional de Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE) [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

Frequency Resolved Optical Gating is one of several technics on ultrafast pulse characterization[1]

, in the present

work two photon absoption in LED’s is used to detect the pulse over the arrangement. We realize the calculation of

the characteristic equation that belongs to the arrengement, an interferometric autocorrelator is used. Also the

implementation of the algorithm Vanilla[2]

is used for retriving the form of the pulse and the processing of the data

acquired through the use of a DAQ by National Instruments

Figure 1:Experimental Arrengement, interferometric Autocorrelator

Figure one, shows the experimental arrangement used in this work, autocorrelation is generated by the interference of the gate pulse and the probe pulse, diffraction grating is used to open the spectre of the pulse and finally the LED’s are used to mesure the intensity.

References [1] Daniel J. Kane, Rick Trebino, Characterization of Arbitrary Femtosecond Pulses Using Frquency-Resolved Optical Gating, IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS. VOL 29 NO. 2FEBRUARY 1993[2] Rick Trebino, 2000, Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating: The Measurement of Ultrashort LasersPulses, Atlanta Springer.

MOPM2017 F55


Effect of IPA-treatment of PEDOT:PSS organic layer on characteristics of hybrid photovoltaic structures

A. J. Olivares Vargas (1), I. Cosme Bolaños (1), S. Mansurova (1), A. Kosarev (1), A. Itzmoyotl (1).

1. National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro #1,Santa Maria Tonantzintla, Puebla, Mexico, C.P. 72840


ABSTRACT:

Solar cells based on crystalline silicon offer high efficiency but the manufacturing process is very costly. Organic materials have become very important in recent years due to their potential use for photovoltaic applications. The main advantages of organic semiconductors are their functional and mechanical flexibility, as well as fabrication simplicity. However, these materials usually afford moderate efficiency. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is another material suitable for large area fabrication of potentially flexible devices at low cost. At present, the organic and hybrid solar cell industry is seen as an industry in the process of commercialization. Organic materials and thin silicon films are an alternative that has some of the requirements (such as low cost, environmentally stable and relatively high efficiency) to meet the above challenges. Thus, devices based on the combination of these two types of materials have the potential to combine the advantages of manufacturing simplicity of the organic materials and the excellent load carrying properties of the silicon. The hybrid solar cells that we study in this work consist of a p-i-n structure (See figure 1). In such kind of structures, the light is mainly absorbed in the intrinsic silicon film and the p- and n-type films are used to create an electric field that separates electrons and holes to produce a photocurrent. We use an organic material (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate))(PEDOT:PSS) to replace the p-type inorganic film in amorphous silicon p-i-n structure. It is widely known, that PEDOT:PSS based organic film is highly transparent and its conductivity can be modified e.g. by immersion in a suitable solvent. Here we present the results of experimental investigation of the effect of alcohol isopropyl treatments of p-type organic layer in characteristics of hybrid solar cell structures.

Figure 1: Hybrid photovoltaic structure based on a-Si:H and organic semiconductor.

MOPM2017 F56

A multimode laser diode noise analysis and its influence in an optoelectronic oscillator

L. J. Quintero-Rodríguez, A. G. Correa-Mena, L. A. González-Mondragón, I. E. Zaldívar-Huerta

Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: Optoelectronic Oscillators (OEOs) were proposed by Yao and Maleki [1] in 1996. Thanks to their

capabilities in generating high frequency low phase-noise microwave signals, OEOs find applications in optical and wireless communication, signal processing, sensors, metrology and radio astronomy [2]. Fig. 1 shows the basic OEO scheme which is composed by a pump laser (usually a Distributed Feedback Laser-DFB), and a feedback loop that includes an intensity modulator, an optical fiber delay line, a fast photo-detector (PD), a RF amplifier and a Radio Frequency Band-Pass Filter (RF-BPF) [3].

Figure 1: Basic scheme of an optoelectronic oscillator In the past we have proposed a band-pass MPF topology whose frequency response in the range of

0.01-10 GHz comprises a series of band-pass windows centered at frequencies that can be adjusted to the function of the intermodal separation that characterizes a Multimode Laser Diode (MLD), the length and chromatic dispersion parameter of the optical fiber used [4]. In particular, the goal of this work resides in to analyse the Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) in the MLD and its influence in the performance of the OEO. A full study of will be carried out supporting these results by numerical simulation using the Matlab tool. Results of this study will allow improve the performance of this OEO proposed and by consequence to extend its applications.

References [1] Yao, X. S. et al. J. Opt. Soc. Amer., 1996, 13(8), 1725-1735 (1996)[2] Maleki, L. Nature Photonics Technology Focus, 2011, 5(12), 728-730 (2011)[3] Ji, Y. et al. Electronics Letters, 35(18), 1554-1555 (1999)[4] A. G. Correa-Mena, Proc. IEEE 58th International MWSCAS (2015)

MOPM2017 F57

Generation and characterization of dissipative solitons from a full polarization-controlled passively mode-locked Er-Fiber laser

H. Santiago-Hernández (1), Y. E. Bracamontes-Rodríguez (2), B. Ibarra-Escamilla (1), M. Durán-Sánchez (3), G. Beltrán-Pérez (4), O. Pottiez (2), I. Armas-Rivera (4), L. A. Rodríguez-Morales (1),

and M. V. Hernández-Arriaga (1), A. Kuzin (1)

1. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), L. E. Erro 1, Sta. Ma.Tonantzintla, Pue. 72824, Mexico

2. Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica (CIO), Loma del Bosque 115, Col. Lomas delCampestre, León, Gto. 37150, Mexico

3. CONACYT-Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, A. P. 51 y 216, CP72000, Puebla, Pue., México.

4. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Ciencias Físico MatemáticasAvenida San Claudio y 18 Sur, Col. San Manuel CU Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

We report an experimental study of the noise-like solitons and molecule of solitons generated by a full polarization-controlled passively mode-locked Er-Fiber laser. Depending of the state of polarization before of mode-locking the stable and reproducible regime pulsed is obtained. In particular, the so-called noise-like solitons present both features: noise-like pulses and soliton. The properties of such dynamics are studied by conventional scopes and spectrum analyser, besides of autocorrelation traces. Moreover, to extract information on the inner structure we use a Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror (NOLM) as intensity filter. In particular we show that solitons can be ordered in different manner to form stables structures. The use of NOLM allows suppression of the side lobes and spectral compression.

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MOPM2017 F58

Tunable dual-wavelength thulium-doped fiber laser in the region of 1.8 µm based on a MMI Filter

E. Bravo-Huerta (2), M. Durán-Sánchez (1), B. Posada-Ramírez(2), R. I. Álvarez-Tamayo(3), B.Ibarra-Escamilla (2), and E. A. Kuzin (2)

1. CONACyT – Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica2. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica3. CONACyT- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León


ABSTRACT:

Recently, dual- and multi-wavelength Thulium-doped fiber lasers (TDFL) have been widely investigated because of they can operate in the eye-safe 2 μm band for their application in many fields. In this work we experimentally demonstrated an all-fiber tunable dual-wavelength laser in the region of 1.8 μm in a ring cavity configuration. The laser cavity is based on a Tm-doped fiber as gain medium and two homemade transmission filters based on the multimodal interference (MMI) effect [1], placed as a Mach Zehnder interferometer configuration [2] to achieve tunable dual-wavelength laser emission. The transmission spectrum exhibits two laser lines at 1814.23 and 1872.15 nm corresponding to the MMI filter 1 and MMI filter 2, respectively, as it is show in Fig. 1(a). The MMI filter 1 is submerged in a water-etilenglicol solution with different concentrations to obtain a tuning of 24 nm (Fig.1 (b)).

Figure 1: (a) MMI-DWF transmission spectral response (b) Tunable dual-wavelength operation References

[1] Soldano et al. Journal of Lightwave Technology 13(4), 615-627 (1995).[2] Álvarez et al. Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications. (2016).

(a) (b)

MOPM2017 F59

Active Q-switched fiber laser based on an Er/Yb co-doped fiber

J. Alaniz-Baylón (2), B. Posada-Ramírez (1);M. Durán-Sánchez (1), B. Ibarra-Escamilla (2), R. I.Álvarez-Tamayo (3) and E. A. Kuzin (2)

1. CONACyT – Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica2. Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica

3. CONACyT – Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónCorresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT:

In this work, a fiber laser in the pulsed regime using the actively Q-switched technique is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The linear cavity fiber laser is based on a co-doped Er/Yb double clad fiber used as the gain medium and a FBG as narrow-band spectral mirrors. The actively Q-switched technique is performed by using an AOM. The laser emission is obtained at the FBG central wavelength of 1548 nm. The results show that the laser linewidth is a function of the repetition rate. Stable and well defined typical Q-switched laser pulses are generated in a wide repetition rate range. The average power and the pulse duration as a function of the pump power are discussed. Maximum pulse energy of 5.4 µJ and maximum peak power of 30.5 W, and pulse duration of 178 ns are observed. The maximum average power of the laser is 1.1 W. [1]

Figure 1: (a) Stable Q-switched laser pulses; (b) Average power and pulse duration of the Q-switched pulses

References [1] Berenice Posada-Ramírez et al. Fibers 2017, 5, 21; doi:10.3390/fib5020021

MOPM2017 F60

High efficiency single tunable dual-wavelength Thulium-doped fiber laser

B. Posada-Ramírez(1), M. Durán-Sánchez (2), E. Bravo-Huerta(1), R.I. Álvarez-Tamayo(3), E.AKuzin(1), B. Ibarra-Escamilla(1).

1. Instituto Nacional Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE)2. CONACyT- Instituto Nacional Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE)

3. CONACyT-Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL)Corresponding author email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: Recently, Thulium doped fibre laser (TDFL) has been investigated due to their versatile applications in

optical instrumentation, medicine, signal processing, and LIDAR. TDFLs operate in the 2 µm “eye-safe” waveband [1]. In this work, we investigated a Fabry-Perot TDFL configuration where the cavity is formed between the Hi-Bi FOLM and a perpendicular cleaved facet of a fiber end. The TDF is pumped with a laser source at 1568 nm. The Hi-Bi FOLM exhibit a periodical reflection spectrum with wavelength period of 63.1 nm. The spectrum can be wavelength shifted by temperature changes of the Hi-Bi fiber loop [2]. Single wavelength operation in a tuning range of 50 nm is observed in the temperature range between 17.81 to 51.43°C. At the single wavelength tuning limits, dual-wavelength generation is observed at 1917 and 1973 nm, and 1915 and 1971 nm for Hi-Bi fiber loop temperatures in a range from 15.87 to 16.93°C and from 52 to 55°C, respectively, as show in the Fig. 1(a). The lasing threshold is ~0.27 W. The maximum output power reached is of 1.19 W with efficiency slope of 55% (see Fig. 1(b)).

(a) (b) Figure 1: (a) Laser radiation versus the Hi-Bi fiber temperature. (b) Output power as a function of the

pump power. References

[1] B. Posada-Ramírez et al. Opt. Express 25(3), 2560–2568 (2017).[2] M. Durán-Sánchez et al. Proc. of SPIE 1008, 1008326-1–1008326-6, (2017).

MOPM2017 F61

Discrete breathers in a lumped transmission line: a qualitativedescription

P. Halevi 1, A. Gómez-Rojas1

1. 1 National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE), Luis Enrique Erro #1,Tonantzintla, Puebla, Mexico 72840

ABSTRACT

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Figure 1: (a) Maximum and minimun voltajes. (b) Discrete Breather.

We have studied aspects of Intrinsic Localized Modes (ILMs) or discrete breathers in a modulated nonlinearband-pass transmission line. We found that threshold values of the excitation can attach not only to inductive orcapacitive impurity sites, but to resistive impurities, as well. And they come not only in the classic, symmetric,on-site form, but also in distorted, asymmetric forms and inter-site form. Further, if two impurities are closeenough (eight or less unit cells apart for our parameters), a breather can pop up midway, with no breathers atthe impurity sites themselves. Finally, in an act of “fatal attraction”, an ILM can pull closer its neighbors onboth sides, only to perish once these ILMs have gotten sufficiently close.

MOPM2017 F62

AUTHOR INDEX

Acevedo-Barrera, A. F01

Agarwal, V. F10

Aguilar, J.F. O15

Aguilar-Morales A.I. F16

Alaniz-Baylon, J. F19, F60

Alva Medrano, H. F45, F46

Álvarez Tamayo, R.I. F59

Álvarez -Chávez, J. A. F16

Álvarez-Tamayo, R. I. F19, F37, F38, F59, F60, F61

Arias-Cruz, J.A. F35

Armas Rivera, I. F20, F58

Arriaga Hernandéz, J.A.O11

Arrizon, Victor O12

Arroyave, José A. P04

Arroyo Carrasco, M.L. F07

Avendaño Alejo, M. I02, O06, O07, O08, O09

Balderas Valadez, R.F. F10

Barcelata-Pinzón, A. F38

Barmenkov, Y.O. I04

Barojas Gutierrez, E. O01

Barros-de-la-Cruz, E.I. F04

Beltrán-Pérez, G. F58

Berriel-Valdos, L.R O25

Berrospe-Rodriguez, Carla F08, F34

Boreman, G.D. P02

Bracamontes-Rodríguez, Y. F58

Bravo-Huerta, E. F19,F59, F61

Brito Carcaño, J.E. O02

Caballero Benitez, S.F. F30

Camacho-Lopez, M. I11

Camacho-Lopez, M. A. I11

Camacho-Lopez, S. I11

Campos García, M. O05

Canchola, M.A. O15

Carrillo, J. F52

Casillas, N. I09

Castillo Gallardo, V. F49

Castillo Santiago, G. O06

Castillo-Guzmán, A. I16, F37, F38

Castillo-Luna, M. O04

Castro Camus, E. I06

Ceolato, R.F17

Cerdà, T. O26

Chávez-Gutiérrez, F. F18

Chiasera, A. P09

Chiu Zarate, R. O28, F35

Christodoulides, D. P08

Cipparrone, G. O26, O27

Cordero Dávila, A. O02, O03

Cornejo Rodríguez, A. O11

Corona-Chavez, A. F43

Correa-Mena, A. G. F57

Cosme Bolaños, I. F52, F53, F56

Coyotl Ocelotl, B. O28, F51

Cravioto, Y. O22

Cruz Félix, A.S. O21

Cuetlach Martinez, A. F08

De la Cruz Romero, D. F44

de la Rosa Cruz, Elder I05

de la Rosa Vázquez, J. M. 31, 33

de la Rosa, G. F16

de los Santos García, S. I. O23, O24, F26

Díaz González, G. O12

Díaz, G. F13

Domínguez, Á. P04

Domínguez-Cruz, R. F12

Durán-Sánchez, M. F19, F24, F38, F58, F59, F60,

F61

Enriquez-Gomez, L. F37

Escobedo, G. F33

Espinosa Mómox, A.E. O02, O03

Espinosa Rosales, J.E. O04

Esqueda-Barrón, Y. I11

Estudillo-Ayala, J.M. I08, F40, F41, F42, F43

Fabila Bustos, D. A. F31, F33

Fernandez Rivas, D. F34

Ferrari, M. P09

Ferrusca-Rodríguez , D. F54

Fuentes-González, N. F19

García González, J. O21

García Jomaso, Y.A. F09

García Ramírez, E.V. F13, F14

Garcia-Lievanos, O. O16, O17

García-Valenzuela, A. F01

Garduño Mejía, J. F09

Gómez Rojas, A. F62

Gómez, G.A. O18

González, G. F32

González-Mondragón, L. A. F57

Granados Agustín, F. O11

Guadarrama-Santana, A. F01

Guapo-Mendieta, D. F40

Guerrero-Viramontes, J.A. F18

Guillén Gallegos, C. F45

Gutiérrez Ojeda, C. F26

Gutiérrez, Oscar P04

Guzman, A.M. P04

Guzman-Sepulveda, J. F12

Halevi, P. F62

Haus, J.W. P1, I08

Hernandez, E. I09

Hernández-Arriaga, M. V. F19, F24, F58

Hernandez-Garcia, J.C. I08, F40, F42, F43

Hernandez-Rodriguez , E. F41

Herrán Cuspinera, R.M. O14

Herrera-Piad, L. F43

Huerta Alderete, C. F30

Huerta Morales, J.D. F23

Ibarra Escamilla, B. F19, F20, F24, F38, F58, F59,

F60, F61

Ignacio Olivos, L. O20

Isakina, S. S. F31, F33

Iturbe Castillo, M.D. I07, O12, O20, F07

Itzmoyotl Toxqui, A. F53, F56

Jákl, P. I03

Jauregui-Vazquez, D. I08, F40, F41, F42, F43

Jiménez-Rodríguez, M. O08, O09

Juárez Ramírez, J.C. O28

Juárez Salazar, R. O12

Kaur, T. F41

Kelly-Pérez, I. O25

Kir’yanov, A.V. I04

Korneev, N. I10

Kosarev, A. F52, F53, F56

Kuzin, E. A. I17, F1920, F24, F38, F58, F59, F60,

F61

León Montiel, R.de J. I01

López-Cortes, D. F12

Lopez-Dieguez, Y. I08

Lozano-Hernandez, T. F43

Luna-Hernández, L.D. F04

Méndez-Aguilar, E.M. O25

Maca García, S. O09

Macías Pérez, M. O03

Mansurova, S. F52, F53, F56

Márquez García, J. O21

Martínez Ayala, M. F10

Martínez García, A. O18

Martínez Niconoff, G. O23, O24, F26

Martinez Vara, P. O24, F26

Martínez, H. F52

Martinez-Rios, A. F37

Martínez-Ríos, A. F18

May-Arrioja, D. F12

Mayorga Cruz, D. F10

Mazur, E. P01

Medina Magallón, J.E. F47

Mejía Sánchez, J.E. F32, F39

Méndez-Otero, M.M. F07

Méndez Escobar, L.E. F39

Mendoza Suárez, A. F45, F46, F47, F48, F49 Meneses Fabián, C. I13, O01

Mesa Cornejo, V.M. F32, F39

Minguela-Gallardo, J.A. I04

Montes Pérez, A. O10

Morales-Salgado, R. O29

Morano-Okuno, H. R. F16

Moyotl Hernández, E. O03

Noguez Garrido, A.C. P05

Ocegueda, M. I09

Olivares Pérez, A. O13, O14

Olivares Vargas, A. J. F56

Orozco, Luis P06

Ortiz Lima, C.M. O02, O03

Ospina Ocampo, C.A. F52

Pacheco-Chacon, E. F41

Padilla-Martinez, F06

Padrón-Godínez, A. F21, F22

Paez-Lopez, Rafael

Pagliusi, P. O26, O26

Pastrana Sánchez, M.R. O01, O04

Paz, E. O20

Paz Martínez, G. F09, F54

Pelli, S. P09

Peña Conzuelo, A. O05

Peña Gomar, M.C. F50

Peñaloza-Delgado, R. F41

Peralta-Ángeles, J.A. F15

Peregrina-Barreto, H. F03, F05, F35

Pérez, H. O18

Pérez Aguilar, H. F45, F46, F47, F48, F49

Pérez-Corona, C. F06

Perez-Maciel, M. F42

Pérez-Sánchez, G. G. F16

Ponce-Hernández, O. O07

Posada-Ramírez, B. F59, F60, F61

Pottiez, O. F58

Provenzano, C. O26, O27

Puente Díaz, L.E. F48

Quarton, T. O24

Quintero-Rodríguez, L. J. F57

Qureshi, N. F09

Ramírez Martínez, D. F13, F14

Ramírez-Andrade, A.H. F29

Ramírez Ramírez, J. F25, F27

Ramírez-San-Juan, J.C. O28, F03, F04, F06, F35,

F51

Ramos-García, R. O28, F03, F04, F06, F08, F25,

F27, F34, F35, F36, F51

Ramos Muñiz, V. I11

Ramos Ortiz, G. F11

Rangel-Magdaleno, J. F03, F06

Rayas, J. A. O18

Razo-Garcia, A.P. O17

Reddy Bogireddy, N.K. F10

Reed, A. V. F31, F33

Reyes-Esqueda, J.A. F13, F14, F15

Reyes, K. O18

Reyes-Ayona, J.R. F42

Reyes-Contreras, A. I11

Righini, G. C. P09

Rivera Fernández, J. D. F31, F33

Rivera-Ortega, U. O19

Roa Tort, K. F31, F33

Robledo Sánchez, C. O10

Rodríguez, M. F11

Rodríguez-Lara, Blas M. F22, F23, F28, F30

Rodiguez Morales, L.A. F20

Rodríguez-Morales, L. A. F58

Rodríguez -Zurita, G. O01, O04

Rojas Blanco, L. F44

Rojas-Laguna, R. I08, F40, F41, F42, F43

Rondón Ojeda, I. F50

Rosales-Núñez, S. F03

Rosete Ortiz, G.M. F44

Ruiz, U. O26, O27, F36

Sabinas Hernández, S. F13

Salceda-Delgado, G. F37, F38

Sánchez Pérez, KJ. F05

Sánchez-Aké, C. F15

Sánchez-González, L. O17

Santiago Alvarado, A. O12, O21

Santiago-Hernández, H. F24, F58

Scherbaum, T. O18

Segovia-Olvera, P. I11

Selvas-Aguilar, R. I16, F37, F38

Sierra-Hernandez, J. M. I08, F40, F41, F42, F43

Solarte, E. P04

Soto-Eguibar, F. F50

Spezzia-Mazzocco, T. F04

Stepanov, S. I09

Tolentino Eslava, P. O10

Toral-Acosta, D. F18

Torres-Armenta, D. F18

Torres-Gonzalez, D. F40

Torres Rodríguez, M. A. O23, O24, F26

Torres Romero , R. F07

Toto Arellano, N.I. O10, O22

Treviño-Palacios, C.G. F05, F09, F21, F54, F55

Trinidad-Torres, F. A. O10

Tromberg, B.J. P07

Urcid-Serrano, G. O29

Vallejo Mendoza, R. O14

Vargas Morales, M. O23, O24

Vásquez Arzola, A. I03

Vázquez Lozano, J.I. F25, F27

Vázquez y Parraguirre, S. F53

Vázquez-Nava, Raul A. F02

Velusamy, J. F11

Ventura-González, S. F54

Ventura-Velázquez, C. F28

Vigueras Santiago, E. F14

Villa Hernandez, J. M. O13, O14

Villasante-Barahona, M. I03

Visser, C.W. F34

Volke-Sepúlveda, K. I03

Zaldívar-Huerta, I. E. F57

Zarate, D. F55

Zemánek, P. I03

Zhevandrov Bolshakova, P. F47

Zur, L. P09

Zurita-Sánchez, J.R. F29

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