PROFORMA FOR GRANT OF BS-21 TO TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL OFFICERS 1. Name of Officer: Dr. Nasreen Muzaffar 2. Nomenclature & BS of the post held Chief Scientific Officer (BS-20) and date of regular appointment: April 12, 1981 3. Technical/Professional qualifications and Experience possessed by the officer as on: Academic & Professional qualifications Qualification Year Division Ph.D. 1989 Grade A M. Phil. 1973 Grade A M. Sc. 1966 Second B. Sc. 1964 First F. Sc. 1962 Second (won scholarship) Matric 1960 Second Experience possessed by Officer

Plant Protection (Biological control of insect pests of crops & fruits & forest trees), Beekeeping, Sericulture, Biodiversity & conservation of agricultural ecosystems and supervision of research work of M.Sc./Ph.D.

4. Service/cadre to which he belongs: Entomologist/Apiculaturist

5. Job description of the post held by him: i. Development of improved honeybee mangement technology with the occidental

honeybee Apis mellifera and indigenous honeybee species (Apis cerana, A. dorsata and A. florea).

ii. Honeybee queen production of Apis mellifera through biotechnology to solve management.

iii. To undertake programme for selection and multiplication of Apis cerana by means

of selection of productive strains, and enhancing the efficiency of beekeeping with Apis cerana.

iv. Selective breeding of Apis cerana resistant to thai sac brood and acarine diseases for better management. v. Commissioning studies on pollination problems, management strategies and demonstration trials for improving crop production through occidental and indigenous honeybee pollination. vi. Supervision and planning of research work.

6. Please indicate performance indications of the post: i. Establishment of the occidental honeybee Apis melliferia in Pakistan after more than 16 unsuccessful attempts.

ii. The introduce honeybee increase/multiplied to about 240,000 colonies in country owing to adoption of integrated honeybee management technology by beekeepers/farmers including women.

iii. Training of manpower in honeybee farming

through transfer of modern beekeeping technology through organizing 16 national and 78 regional beekeeping training courses for transfer of modern beekeeping technology to more than 6000 persons iv. Strengthening of beekeeping programmes and set up beekeeping units with provincial beekeeping units, small farmer groups/associations, national and international NGOs for income generation and increasing crop productivity. v. Prepared for dissemination of beekeeping technology to beekeepers and other interested persons.

7. Please specify the achievements in respect of 6 above in specific & measurable terms: Studies were conducted on insect pests of crops and fruit and forest trees during 1966-81. The biological control values of more than 200 parasites, predators and pathogens of insect pests were studied on different host plants. As a result of this research work, some important parasites and predators were sent to the USA and several other countries, and also imported into Pakistan for biological control of insect pests. Some of these parasites and predators brought about a fairly high degree of control of the host insect pests. The research accomplishments on "Pest-parasite relations on various host-plants" were applied in the USA and proved very useful for the control of some insect pests of fruit trees. These accomplishments were commended by President Nixon in his report for 1968 on the "Food for Peace Programme". After several attempts made by different research workers since 1920, the European Honeybee was established in Pakistan for the first time in Pakistan. Now there are more than 240,000 colonies of this honeybee in the country. These are producing more than 2400 tonnes of honey. Pakistan has now become self-sufficient in honey production. Honey produced from Ziziphus (sidder) trees is considered to be of top most quality. Pakistan is earning foreign exchange and bee farmers associated with this budding industry are getting economic stability. This honey is fetching highest international price ranging from US$8 to 9 per kg. The modern beekeeping technology developed in advanced countries was tested under the local conditions and some new management technology was developed. This research was published in the form of a book entitled "Jaded Maghusbani". This book has greatly benefitted our beekeeping community for the development of this industry in the country. New techniques were developed for biological control of wax moths, hornets and varroa mite which re very important pests of honeybees in many countries. A scaring device was developed for the bee-eaters (Merops spp.) All these techniques have been well-appreciated at international level and were translated by Apimonida (International Beekeeping Organization with its Headquarters at Rome) in five European Languages. The management technology of the rock bee was developed. A cage based on special behaviour of the honeybee was designed and got manufactured for checking its absconding and migratory habits. It proved very useful for management of this honeybee. This technique has been well appreciated at international level. Apimondia has also translated it in Russian, German, Spanish and French languages. A low cost comb foundation machine/press was developed. Its cost of production is about Rs.120 as against the imported one costing Rs.15,000. The method of preparation developed by me is so easy that every beekeeper in any part of the world can manufacture this machine by himself. This research has been well-appreciated at the international level. Honeybees are most important pollinators known to increase the yield of crops such as oilseed, vegetable seed, fodder seed crops and temperate fruit trees. Some research work on pollination of these crops done by me and other scientists in Pakistan and other countries was compiled. The research papers on pollination of crops were very much appreciated at international level.

Sixteen Beekeeping Training Courses at national level, 78 Beekeeping Training Courses at regional levels and a SAARC Beekeeping Workshop were organized in the country. In addition, technicians were posted for three years each at Karachi and Quetta and for two years at Hyderabad and for six months at Pattoki for imparting training to interested persons. Training was imparted to more than 8000 persons. Five beekeeping societies were developed and these are now functioning in Karachi, Swat and Islamabad. Research adopted by beekeepers/farmers: The European honeybee introduced in Pakistan under a coordinated beekeeping programme, occurs at present in all the provinces and Azad Kashmir. The commercial beekeepers have left beekeeping with the local honeybee owing to very high honey yield of the introduced European honeybee. At present, there are more than 240,000 colonies of the European honeybee in the country. Beekeeping technology, developed in advanced countries, tested by us and proved satiable under the local conditions has been well adopted by the beekeepers in the country. The commercial beekeepers are now using modern beekeeping equipment in their apiaries. All the European honeybee colonies are reared in the modern hives and most of the local honeybee colonies in the low cost hives developed by us. Most of the beekeepers have adopted techniques developed for the control of wax moths, varroa mite, hornets and bee-eaters. Many farmers and orchard owners in the country are now aware of the benefits of bees as pollinators and some of them have started using honeybees to pollinate their crops and fruit trees for increase their yield. The development of beekeeping on scientific lines has resulted in the production of more than 2400 tonnes of honey in the country and Pakistan has started honey export. Beekeepers in Pakistan and some other countries are using the comb foundation press developed by me. It is easily manufactured by the beekeepers themselves and has reduced the cost of production of honey in Pakistan and some other countries. It has also helped a lot in converting traditional beekeeping to the modern one particularly in the northern hills in Pakistan. Many farmers and orchard-owners in the country are now aware of the benefits of bees as pollinators and some of them have started using honeybees to pollinate crops and fruit trees for increasing their yields.

8. Brief history of service: Experience record ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. BS Period of Service Organization -------------------------------------- From To ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Junior Entomologist Dec. 1, 1966 Apr.30, 1977 Commonwealth Institute BS-17 Biology Control, Rawalpindi. Entomologist May 1, 1977 Apr. 11, 1981 -do- BS-18

Senior Scientific Apr. 12, 1981 Nov.30, 1984 Pakistan Agricultural Research Officer, BS-18 Council, Islamabad. Senior Scientific Dec. 1, 1984 Mar. 18, 1987 -do- Officer, BS-19 (Move-over) Principal Scientific Mar. 19, 1987 Nov. 30, 1990 -do- Officer/Director BS-19 Principal Scientific Dec. 1, 1990 Aug. 2, 1999 -do- Officer/Director, BS-20 (Move-over) Chief Scientific Aug. 3, 1999 todate -do- Officer/Director, BS-20 9. Particulars of publications of recommended officer: Publications 1. Muzaffar, N. 1970 A note on the Monophlebid (Icerya aegyptiaca Dgl.) and its natural

enemies in West Pakistan. Tech. Bull. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control 13: 91-93. England.

2. Muzaffar, N. 1974 Memorandum on possibilities for biological control of Spodoptera

exigua (hb.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control, Pakistan Station, 11 pp. England.

3. Ghani, M. A. 1974 Relation between the parasite-predator complex and the host-plants & Muzaffar, N of scale insects in Pakistan (Editors). Misc. Public. No. 5.

Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control, Commonw. Agri. Bur. Farnham Royal, Slough, SL 23 BN, 92 pp. England. Priced Book.

4. Muzaffar, N. 1974 Memorandum on possibilities for biological control of Boophilus

spp. (Acarina : Ixodidae). Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control, Pakistan Station, 3 pp, England.

5. Ahmad, R. and 1976 A note on biology of Bracon gelechiae (Hym.: Barconidae) and Muzaffar, N. augmentation of this parasite against Pectinophora gossypiella

(Lep.: Gelechiidae). Entomophaga, 21 (3): 235-238. France.

6. Muzaffar, N. and 1977 A note on Saissetia privigna (Hem.: Cocidae) in Pakistan and the Ahmad, R. breeding of its natural enemies. Entomophaga, 22 (1): 45-46

France. 7. Ahmad, R. and 1977 Studies on cotton pests their natural enemies with reference to Muzaffar, N. effects of three insecticides of different persistencies. Agriculture

Pakistan, 28 (3): 193-203. 8. Cheema, M. A and 1979 Pathogens associated with the pink bollworm in Pakistan. Pak. Muzaffar, N. Acad. Sci., 16 : 43-44. 9. Ahmad, R. and 1980 A note on pathogens of the pink bollworm Pectinophora Muzaffar, N. gossypiella (Saunds.) (Lep., Gelechiidae) in Pakistan. Agriculture

Pakistan, 29 (1): 61-62. 10. Cheema, M. A., 1980 Biology, host range and incidence of parasites of Pectinophora Muzaffar, N. and gossypiella (Saunders) in Pakistan. The Pakistan cottons, 24 Ghani, M. A (1): 37-73. 11. Cheema, M. A., 1980 Role of natural enemies in the control of pink bollworm in Muzaffar, N., Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist, 2: 1-10. Hussian, I. and Salim, M. 12. Cheema, M. A., 1980 Investigations on phenology, distri-bution, host range and Muzaffar, N. & evaluation of predators of and A Pechionphora gossypiella Ghani, M. (Saunders) in Pakistan The Pakistan Cottons, 24 (2): 139-176. 13. Muzaffar, N. 1982 Honeybee an effective pollinator. Progressive Farming 2 (1): 5-7 14. Muzaffar, N. 1983 A peep into honeybee colony life. Progressive Farming 3 (5):

29-32. 15. Ahmad, R. 1983 Biological control of the wax moths Achroia grisella (F.) and Muzaffar, N. Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lep., Galleridae) by augmentation of the and Ali, Q parasite Apanteles galleriae Wilk. (Hum., Barconidae) in Pakistan.

Apiacta, 18: 15-20. Romania. 16. Ahmad, R. 1984 Domestcation of Apis dorsata F. (Hym. : Apidae). Apiacta, 19 (3): & Muzaffar, N. 69-70. Romania. 17. Muzaffar, N. 1984 Seasonal management of honeybee colonies. Progressive Farming,

4 (5): 27-30. 18. Muzaffar, N. 1985 Migration of Apis cerana F. (Hym.: Apidae) from hills to foot-hills and Ahmad, R. and vice versa. Proc. Pak. Cong. Zool., 6: 188-189.

19. Muzaffar, N. 1985 Role of honeybee in crop production, Progressive Farming, 5 (3):

5-9. 20. Ahmad, R. 1985 Studies on biological control of hornets predacious on honeybees in Muzaffar, N. and Pakistan. Proc. 30th International Apic. Cong. Apimondia: 140- Munawar, M. S. 141, Japan. 21. Muzaffar, N. 1986 Role of salivary glands of Pyralid borer larvae in host selection by and Annayat Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) (Hym. : Branconidae) Jour. Ullah, Ch. Agric. Res., 24: 203-205. 22. Muzaffar, N. 1986 Studies on hornets attacking honeybees in Pakistan. Pak. Jour. and Ahmad, R. Agric. Res., 7 (1): 59-63. 23. Muzaffar, N. 1986 Pesticide poisoning of honeybees Progressive Farming, 6 (2): 30-

34. 24. Ahmad, R. and 1987 Rearing of silkworm (Urdu version). Misc. Pub. Pak. Agric. Res. Muzaffar, N. Council, 53 pp. 25. Ahmad, R. and Some biological observation on the wild colonies of the oriental Muzaffar, N. bees Apis cerana F. in Pakistan. Proc. 31st International Cong.

Apic. Apimondia: 182-183, Poland. 26. Ahmad, R. and 1987 Studies on bird predators of honeybees and their control by a Muzaffar, N. scaring device. Proc. 31st International Cong Apic. Apimondia:

503-504, Poland. 27. Ahmad, R. and 1987 Insect pollinators and management of rape and mustard crops in Muzaffar, N. Pakistan. Proc. 31st International Cong Apic. Apimondia: 368. Poland. 28. Muzaffar, N. 1988 Appropriate technologies for improving economic condition of

rural women. Progressive Farming, 8 (1): 28-33. 29. Ahmad, R. and 1988 Resham Sazi (Silk rearing). Sohni Dharti, Islamabad, 1 (5): 41-43; Muzaffar, N. 1 (7): 42-45. 30. Koeniger, N. and 1988 Lifespan of parasitic honeybee mite, Tropilaelaps clareae, on Apis Muzaffar, N. cerana, Dorsata and Mellifera. Jour. Apicultural Res., 27 (4):

207-212, Germany. 31. Ahmad, R. and 1988 Beekeeping a profitable cottage industry for the rural youth. PARC Muzaffar, N. News. World Food Day Supplement: 8-12.

32. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Some major and minor sources of nectar and pollen for Apis spp. (Hymenoptera : Apidae) in Pakistan Proc. Ninth Pakistan Cong. Zool., (Abs.): 11.

33. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Basic steps in beekeeping for the beginners, Progressive Farming, 9

(6): 37-44. 34.Muzaffar, N. 1989 Beekeeping an income generating cottage industry for the rural

women in Pakistan. Proc. Fourth International Conference on Apicultured in Trop. Climates, Cairo, 1988: 313-316 Egypt

35. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Studies on low cost honeybee hives in Pakistan. Proc. 2nd and Ahmad, R. Australian and Int. Bee Cong., Gold Coast, 1988: 229-231,

Australia. 36. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Impact of the introduced occidental bee Apis mellifera on the local and Ahmad, R. Apis spp. in Pakistan. Proc. 32nd Int. Apic. Cong., Apimondia :

153-154 Brazil. 37. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Transitional hives for remote areas of Pakistan. Proc. Pakistan and Ahmad, R. Cong. Zool., 9: 151-155. 38. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Distribution and competition of Apis spp. in and Pakistan. and Ahmad, R. Proc. Fourth International Conference on Apiculture in

Trop. Climates, Cairo, 1988: 449-452 Egypt.

39. Ahmad, R. and 1989 A method for preparation of low cast comb foundation press for Muzaffar, N. Apis cerana and Apis mellifera. Jour. Honeybee Science 10 (3) 109-111. Japan.

40. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Insect and plant sources of honeydew honey production in and Ahmad, R. Pakistan. Proc. Fourth International Conference on Apiculture in

Trop. Climates, Cairo, 1988 : 127-133 Egypt. 41. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Apiculture an income generating cottage industry for

rural women in Pakistan. Proc. International Expert meeting on apiculture development in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region. ICIMOD, Kathmandu : 22 (Abs.) Nepal.

42. Ahmad, R. and 1989 Country Statement : Pakistan. Proc. Workshop. on Parasitic Muzaffar, N bee mites and their control. Pulaway, Poland : 283.

FAO, Rome. 43. Muzaffar, N. 1990 The annihilation of wild colonies of the oriental bee, Apis cerana

Fabr. In Pakistan. Jour. Honeybee Science, 11 (2): 67-68 Japan. 44. Muzaffar, N. 1990 Strategies for promotion of beekeeping. Progressive Farming, 10

(6): 17-22.

45. Muzaffar, N. 1990 Competitive performance of the oriental bee Apis cerana F. and Ahmad, R. and the European bee Apis. mellifera L. Pakistan

Jour. Zool,. 22 (2): 203-206.

46. Muzaffar, N. 1990 Apis spp. (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and their distribution in Pakistan. and Ahmad, R. Pakistan Jour. Agric. Res., 11 (1): 65-69. 47. Muzaffar, N. 1991 A note on foraging of the occidental bee Apis mellifera L. on

‘shain’ Plectranthus rugosus in Pakistan. Pakistan. Jour. Agric. Sci., 28 (1): 107-108.

48. Muzaffar, N. 1991 Investigations on the seasonal incidence and control and Ahmad, R. of the acarine mite Acarapis woodi (Rennie) in Apis cerana F.

colonies in Pakistan. Pakistan Jour. Zool., 23 (2): 139-143. 49. Muzaffar, N. 1991 Integrated management of the oriental honeybee Apis cerana F. and Ahmad, R. in Pakistan. Pakistan Jour. Zool., 23 (2): 167-168. 50. Muzaffar, N. 1991 Studies on two chetherapeutic agents for the control of hornet and Ahmad, R. predators of honeybee. Sindh Jour. Agric. Res., 8: 23-26. 51. Ahmad, R. and 1991 Insect pollinator and management of rape mustered crops and Muzaffar, N. in Pakistan. Farming System res. Symp. Univ. Arkansas (in press)

USA.

52. Muzaffar, N. 1991 Some honeybee flora for Apis spp. in Pakistan. Pakistan Jour. and Ahmad, R. Zool., 23 (3): 201-218. 53. Muzaffar, N. 1991 Studies on the effect of supplemental feeding on the development and Ahmad, R. of the oriental bee Apis cerana F. colonies. Proc. 11th Pak. Cong.

Zool., May 25-36, 1991, : 42-45. 54. Muzaffar, N. 1992 Studies on the incidence and control of the ectoparasitic mite

Tropilaelaps calreae Delfinado and Baker infesting honeybee (Apis spp.) in Pakistan. Proc. Twelfth Pak. Cong. Zool. : 107-108.

55. Ahmad, R. and 1992 Studies on insect pests and pollinators management of Brassica Muzaffar, N. crops in Pakistan. Proc. National Seminar on role of plant health

and care in agriculture production. Uni. Agric. Faisalabad: 73-86. 56. Muzaffar, N. 1992 Women’s participation in crop sector. Progressive Farming, 12 (4):

42-46. 57. Muzaffar, N. 1992 Studies on the dietary role of pollen for wax production and its

effect in the management of Apis mellifera L. colonies. Thirteen Pak. Cong. Zool. : 64-65.

58. Muzaffar, N. 1992 Beekeeping and its present status in Pakistan. Progressive Farming,

12 (6): 45-50. 59. Muzaffar, N. 1993 Harvesting nature’s diversity through honeybees. Progressive

Farming, 13 (5): 58-67. 60.Muzaffar, N. 1993 Status and control of apicultural diseases in Pakistan. FAO near

East Commission. Agric. 6 pp., Ciaro, Egypt. 61. Muzaffar, N. 1992 Studies on the dietary role of pollen for wax production and its effect in the management of Apis mellifera L. colonies. Proc. 13th Pak. Cong Zool., 64-65. 62. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Honeybee pollen. Pak. Agric. Res. Council, 7 pp. 63. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Nectar and pollen sources for Apis spp. in Pakistan. 14th Pak. Cong. Zool.: 74-75. 64. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Incidence and control of diseases of Apis spp. in Pakistan. 14th pak. Cong. Zool.: 103. 65. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Country paper on beekeeping in Pakistan. 13th SAARC Tech. Committ. Agric.: 15-18. 66. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Beekeeping - A promising enterprise for off-farm income and employment generation in Pakistan. The Daily Muslim, Feb. 1994. 67. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Present status of beekeeping in Pakistan. Proc 2nd Asian Apicultural Assoc. Conf. Honeybee Sci. Res. Centre, Tamagaw Uni., Japan, 2 pp. 68. Muzaffar, N. 1995 Investigations on the development of low cost nucs for honeybee (Apis mellifera) queen production. Fifteenth pak. Cong. Zool. NARC: 71- 72. 69. Muzaffar, N. 1995 Role of honeybees (Apis spp.) and other insect pollinators (non-Apis bees) in the biodiversity of Pakistan. Int. Sym. on Biodiversity of Pakistan. Florida Mus. Nat. Hist., Pak. Mus. Hist. & Pak. Sci. Found.: 26-27. 70. Muzaffar, N. 1995 Enhancing employment opportunities for rural women. Proc. Regional Works. organized by U..N. Econ. & Soc. Comm. for Asia & Pacific, Thailand (July 17-21): 109-116. 71. Munawar, M.S., 1995 Effect of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on onion (Allium Muzaffar, N. & cepa L.) seed production. First Into. Cong. Entomol. Pak. Ent. Soc.

Sohail, A. Uni. Agri. Faisalabad: 47. 72. Muzaffar, N. 1995 Impact of air pollutants on honeybees. Proc. Int. Works on impacts of air pollution on crop yields in Pakistan (in press). 73. Ahmad, R. & 1995 Modern Beekeeping (Urdu version). Misc. Pub. Pak. Agric. Res. Muzaffar, N. Council, 350 pp. Priced Book. 74. Muzaffar, N. 1996 Studies on the frequency of honey harvest and comb space on honey quantity & quality in Apis mellifera L. colonies. Crop. Prot. Conf. NWFP. Agric. Uni., CAP : 18-19. 75. Muzaffar, N. 1996 Feasibility study on honeybee queen production in Dir. Honeybee Res. Inst. NARC/PARC, 14 pp. 76. Cheema, M.A. 1996 A note on biology, behaviour and releases of Bracon kirkpatricki & Muzaffar, N. (Wlkn.) introduced against the pink bollworm of cotton Crop. Prot. Conf. NWFP Agric. Uni., CAP: 15-16. 77. Cheema, M.A. 1996 Phenology and behaviour of Apanteles angaleti Mues., a major & Muzaffar, N. parasitoid of the pink bollworm of cotton. Second. Int.Cong. entomol. Sci. Pak. Entoml. & Pak. Agric. Res. Comn.: 6.1. 78. Cheema, M.A. 1996 Suitability of Achroia grisella F. for rearing of six promising & Muzaffar, N. parasitoids of the pink bollworm. Second. Int.Cong. entomol. Sci. Pak. Entomol. Soc. & Pak. Agric. Res. Conn.: 6.1. 79. Hussain, G. 1996 Studies on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on different & Muzaffar, N. varieties of almond (Prunus amygdalus). Crop. Prot. Connf. NWFP Agric. Uni., CAP: 14-15. 80. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Introduction, symptoms and control of American foul brood of honeybees (Apis spp.) in Pakistan. Proc. 17th Pak. Cong. Zoology.: 73-74. 81. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Current status of honeybees (Apis spp.) in Pakistan. Third Int. Cong. ent. Sci., 64-65. 82. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Women income generating beekeeping programme in Dir area in Pakistan. Proc. Women Entrepreneurs Workshop on Environmentally Sound Technologies. Southwestern Uni. Agric. Chonqqing, China. APCTT, U.N., 7 pp. (In Chinese Language). 83. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Honey plant resources of Islamabad area. Jour. Islamabad Hort. Soc.,: 20-23.

84. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Studies on Buzura suppressaira Guenee causing a serious threat to and Hussain, G. Acacia honey production. Third Int. Cong. ent. Sci., 59- 60. 85. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Investigations on the potential of production in coastal area. Third Int. & Munawar, mangrove (Avicennia alba) for honey Cong. ent. Sci., 60-61. M.S. 86. Hussain, G. 1997 Studies on honeybee (Apis mellifera) pollination on sesame (Sesamum & Muzaffar, N. indium). Proc. 17th Pak. Cong. Zoology. : 68-69. 87. Munawar, M.S. 1997 Effect of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on Citrus sinensis & Muzaffar, N. var. Musambi. Third. Int. Cong. ent. Sci.,: 62. 88. Munawar, M. 1997 Influence of bee-scent in relation to foraging of honeybee (Apis S., Muzaffar, N. mellifera L.) and fruit set on loquat (Eriobotryia japonica). Third. and Iftikhar A. Int. Cong. ent. Sci.,: 65. 89.Siddiqui, R.K. 1997 Studies on suitability of different varieties of mulberry in silkworm & Muzaffar, N. rearing. Third. Int. Cong. ent. Sci. 62-63. 90. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Beekeeping and its by-products (urdu version) Pak. Agric. Res. Council, 43 pp. 91. Muzaffar, N. 1998 Selective breeding of occidental bee Apis mellifera for high honey yield. Proc. 18th Pak. Cong. Zoology. : 86-87. 92. Muzaffar, N. 1998 Some environmentally sound technologies for enhancing employment opportunities for rural women. Int. Workshop on technology dissemination among grass roots women groups in Pakistan, LUMUS, 13 pp. 93. Muzaffar, N. 1998 A brief of research work on oriental honeybee Apis cerana F. in Pakistan. Asian Apiculture. ICIMOD, Nepal (in press). 94. Muzaffar, N. 1998 Honeybee flora and production potential of some major honey plants in Pakistan. Asian Apiculture. ICIMOD, Nepal (in press). 95. Muzaffar, N. 1999 Multiplication of Apis mellifera imported from Australia and its contribution in honey production. Accepted for publication in Apimondia, Rome (letter of acceptance attached). 96. Muzaffar, N. 1999 Potential of women beekeeping income generation in tribal areas. Accepted for publication in Apimondia, Rome (letter of acceptance attached).

97. Muzaffar, N. 1999 Development in the Cholistan Desert. Proc. Fifth International Conference on Desert Development. Desert Development: The Endless Frontier. Int. Centre for Arid and Semiarid Land Studies, Texas Tech Uni., Aug. 12-17, 1996, Vol. I: 115 - 120. 98. Muzaffar, N. 1999 Schedule for management of honeybees. Pak. Agric. Council, 10 pp. 99. Muzaffar, N. 2000 Prospects of Apis cerana beekeeping in Margalla Hills, Pakistan. 17th IBRA Conference on Tropical Bees: Management and Diversity & Fifth Asian Apicultural Association Conferences: Chiang Mai, Thailand: 76. 100. Muzaffar, N. 2000 Studies on foraging activity of Apis cerana on different flora. 17th and Ahamd, F. IBRA Conference on Tropical Bees: Management and Diversity & Fifth Asian Apicultural Association Conferences: Chiang Mai, Thailand: 142. 101. Muzaffar, N. 2000 Effect of honeybee and bee scent on pollination and fruit setting of and Hussain, G. different varieties of apple (Malus pumila) and pear (Pyrus communis) IBRA (accepted). 102. Hussain G., 2000 Studies on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on seed setting & Muzaffar, N. of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Twentieth Pak. Cong. Zool. Sindh Uni. Jamshoro: 107-108. 103. Muzaffar, N. 2001 Managing bio-diversity in agricultural ecosystems through sustainable management of insect pollinators by rural communities. Proc. International Symposium: Montreal, Canada. 104. Muzaffar, N. 2002 Prospects of cottage industries in mountain areas of Pakistan. Proc. PARC – ICIMOD joint Seminar on `Sustainability of natural resources and agriculture in mountain areas of Pakistan’ Islamabad, 2001. : 106- 112. 105. Muzaffar, N. 2002 Beekeeping in Pakistan. American Bee Jour. Vol.142 (5): 339-342. and Wells, H. 106. Muzaffar, N. 2003 Honeybee breeding (Urdu version). Punjab University Press, 44 pp. Husnain, S. 107. Muzaffar, N. 2007 Honey- a natural product of beekeeping. Punjab University Press, 32 pp. Akhtar, M.

10. The reasons for which case is considered to be a “specially meritorious”: Research work was conducted for the establishment of the high honey yielding European honeybee Apis mellifera in the country. Beekeeping technology practised in advanced countries was tested under the local conditions and some new management technology was developed. This research was disseminated to farming community through demonstration trials, training courses, publications (including books) and video films. Most of the beekeepers have adopted techniques developed for the control of wax moths, varroa mite, hornets and bee-eaters. The commercial beekeepers are now using modern beekeeping equipment is their apiaries. At present, more than 240,000 colonies of the European honeybees in the country. The development of beekeeping on scientific lines and awareness of the benefits of bees as pollinators among farmers and orchard owners has marked impact on production of insect pollinated crops particularly temperate fruit trees, oilseed, fodder seeds and vegetable seed crops. The occidental honeybee has fairly high impact on agricultural production of these crops and fruit trees in Pakistan. The impact of research and its dissemination to beekeepers under the project headed by me has increased honey yield per colony/annum from about average 4 kg in 1982 to 21.5 kg in 2000. On the whole, honey production has enhanced in the country from about 200 tonnes in 1982 to 2400 tonnes in 2000. Pakistan has now become self-sufficient in honey production. Honey produced from `ber’ (sidder) trees is considered to be of excellent quality. The country is earning foreign exchange through honey export to Middle East countries, and bee farmers associated with beekeeping industry are getting economic returns. Ber honey is fetching highest international price ranging from US$ 8 to 9 per kg. The research work conducted by me has been well-appreciated and five research publications have been transferred in Russian, German, Spanish, French and Japanese languages. The research work conducted on the development of new techniques for the control of pests and diseases of honeybees and preparation of low cost beekeeping equipment was presented in international competitions organized by Apimondia (Headquarters, Rome) in Japan, Poland and Brazil. Received one gold medal, one sliver medal and three bronze medals from top most authorities on beekeeping. One gold medal alongwith cash award was conferred on me by Farm Guide Humdard Foundation on outstanding research achievements.

C.V. OF DR. NASREEN MUZAFFAR CHIEF SCIENTIFIC OFFICER HONEYBEE RESEARCH INSTITUTE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE PAKISTAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COUNCIL ISLAMABAD - PAKISTAN PERSONAL PARTICULARS Name: Nasreen Muzaffar Father's name: Muzaffar Hussain Date of birth: May 24, 1944 Nationality: Pakistani Discipline by qualification: Entomology/Beekeeping Present address: CSO/Director, Honeybee Research Institute, NARC/PARC, PO, NIH, Islamabad – Pakistan Tel. (051) 9255023 Fax (051) 9255034, (051) 9202968 E-mail: hbrinarc@hotmail.com Permanent address: H.No.7-F, Lane-3, Gulistan Colony, Rawalpindi – Pakistan. Tel. (051) 5511766 ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS Qualification Year Division Ph.D. 1989 Grade A M. Phil. 1973 Grade A M. Sc. 1966 Second B. Sc. 1964 First F. Sc. 1962 Second (won scholarship) Matric 1960 Second

EMPLOYMENT RECORD ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… Institution, Organization Name of post and Period (with Nature of work or Department where and grade dates) employed ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Commonwealth Institute Junior Entomologist Dec. 1, 1966 to Plant Protection Biology Control, Rawalpindi, BS-17 Apr.30, 1977 (Biological control Pakistan of insect pests of crops & fruits & forest trees) -do- Entomologist May 1, 1977 to Plant Protection BS-18 Apr. 11, 1981 (Biological control

of insect pests of cotton)

Pakistan Agricultural Senior Scientific Apr. 12, 1981 to Beekeeping & Research Council, Officer, BS-18 Nov.30, 1984 Plant protection Islamabad -do- Senior Scientific Dec. 1, 1984 to -do- Officer, BS-19 Mar. 18, 1987 (Move-over) -do- Principal Scientific Mar. 19, 1987 to Beekeeping, Officer/Director Nov. 30, 1990 Sericulture & BS-19 Supervision of research work

of M. Sc. students -do- Principal Scientific Dec. 1, 1990 to Conservation Officer/Director, Aug. 2, 1999 based Apiculture BS-20 (Move-over) (Beekeeping) and

Sericulture -do- Chief Scientific Aug. 3, 1999 Beekeeping, Officer/Director, todate Sericulture,

BS-20 Biodiversity & Conservation of

Agricultural Ecosystems.

OUTSTANDING RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS:

Studies were conducted on insect pests of crops and fruit and forest trees during 1966-81. The biological control values of more than 200 parasites, predators and pathogens of insect pests were studied on different host plants. As a result of this research work, some important parasites and predators were sent to the USA and several other countries, and also imported into Pakistan for biological control of insect pests. Some of these parasites and predators brought about a fairly high degree of control of the host insect pests. The research accomplishments on "Pest-parasite relations on various host-plants" were applied in the USA and proved very useful for the control of some insect pests of fruit trees. These accomplishments were commended by President Nixon in his report for 1968 on the "Food for Peace Programme".

After several attempts made by different research workers since 1920, the European Honeybee was established in Pakistan for the first time in Pakistan. Now there are more than 240,000 colonies of this honeybee in the country. These are producing more than 2400 tonnes of honey. Pakistan has now become self-sufficient in honey production.

Honey produced from Ziziphus (sidder) trees is considered to be of top most quality. Pakistan is earning foreign exchange and bee farmers associated with this budding industry are getting economic stability. This honey is fetching highest international price ranging from US$8 to 9 per kg.

The modern beekeeping technology developed in advanced countries was tested under the local conditions and some new management technology was developed. This research was published in the form of a book entitled "Jaded Maghusbani". This book has greatly benefitted our beekeeping community for the development of this industry in the country.

New techniques were developed for biological control of wax moths, hornets and varroa mite which re very important pests of honeybees in many countries. A scaring device was developed for the bee-eaters (Merops spp.) All these techniques have been well-appreciated at international level and were translated by Apimonida (International Beekeeping Organization with its Headquarters at Rome) in five European Languages.

The management technology of the rock bee was developed. A cage based on special behaviour of the honeybee was designed and got manufactured for checking its absconding and migratory habits. It proved very useful for management of this honeybee. This technique has been well appreciated at international level. Apimondia has also translated it in Russian, German, Spanish and French languages.

A low cost comb foundation machine/press was developed. Its cost of production is about Rs.120 as against the imported one costing Rs.15,000. The method of preparation developed by me is so easy that every beekeeper in any part of the world can manufacture this machine by himself. This research has been well-appreciated at the international level.

Honeybees are most important pollinators known to increase the yield of crops such as oilseed, vegetable seed, fodder seed crops and temperate fruit trees. Some research work on pollination of these crops done by me and other scientists in Pakistan and other countries was compiled. The research papers on pollination of crops were very much appreciated at international level.

Fifteen Beekeeping Training Courses at national level, 78 Beekeeping Training Courses at regional levels and a SAARC Beekeeping Workshop were organized in the country. In addition, technicians were posted for three years each at Karachi and Quetta and for two years at Hyderabad and for six months at Pattoki for imparting training to interested persons. Training was imparted to more than 8000 persons. Five beekeeping societies were developed and these are now functioning in Karachi, Swat and Islamabad.

RESEARCH ADOPTED BY BEEKEEPERS/FARMERS:

The European honeybee introduced in Pakistan under a coordinated beekeeping programme, occurs at present in all the provinces and Azad Kashmir. The commercial beekeepers have left beekeeping with the local honeybee owing to very high honey yield of the introduced European honeybee. At present, there are more than 240,000 colonies of the European honeybee in the country.

Beekeeping technology, developed in advanced countries, tested by us and proved satiable under the local conditions has been well adopted by the beekeepers in the country. The commercial beekeepers are now using modern beekeeping equipment in their apiaries. All the European honeybee colonies are reared in the modern hives and most of the local honeybee colonies in the low cost hives developed by us.

Most of the beekeepers have adopted techniques developed for the control of wax moths, varroa mite, hornets and bee-eaters. Many farmers and orchard owners in the country are now aware of the benefits of bees as pollinators and some of them have started using honeybees to pollinate their crops and fruit trees for increase their yield. The development of beekeeping on scientific lines has resulted in the production of more than 2400 tonnes of honey in the country and Pakistan has started honey export.

Beekeepers in Pakistan and some other countries are using the comb foundation press developed by me. It is easily manufactured by the beekeepers themselves and has reduced the cost of production of honey in Pakistan and some other countries. It has also helped a lot in converting traditional beekeeping to the modern one particularly in the northern hills in Pakistan.

Many farmers and orchard-owners in the country are now aware of the benefits of bees as pollinators and some of them have started using honeybees to pollinate crops and fruit trees for increasing their yields.

IMPACT OF RESEARCH ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION:

The European honeybee, introduced under the project headed by me, is now producing more than 2000 tonnes honey per annum in the country.

The dissemination of modern honeybee management technology to beekeepers has increased honey yield per colony/annum from about average 4 kg in 1982 to 21.5 kg in 2001. On the whole, honey production of all the honeybee species has enhanced in the country from about 200 tonnes in 1982 to 2400 tonnes in 2001.

The development of beekeeping on scientific lines has marked impact on production of insect-pollinated crops particularly temperate fruit trees, oilseed, fodder seed and vegetable seed crops. Bees have been reported to produce US dollar 150 million worth of honey and pollinate US dollar 20 billion worth of crops (ratio 1:133) in USA. The occidental honeybee has fairly high impact on agricultural production of those crops and fruit trees in Pakistan.

DESTINATIONS/AWARDS RECEIVED:

MEDALS The research work conducted on the development of new techniques for the control of pests and diseases of honeybees and preparation of low cost beekeeping equipment was presented in international competitions organized by Apimondia (Headquarters, Rome) in Japan, Poland and Brazil. Received one gold medal, one sliver medal and three bronze medals from top most authorities on beekeeping. One gold medal alongwith cash award was conferred on me by Farm Guide Humdard Foundation on outstanding research achievements.

APPRECIATION CERTIFICATES/LETTERS:

Certificates of appreciation received from International and National organizations on different agricultural research assignments and publications are also enclosed.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AND LIST OF TECHNICAL REPORTS ATTACHED Total publications 105. Technical reports 36 (list attached). The publication list includes four books (serial No.3, 24, 73 and 90). Two books (serial No.3 and 73) are priced books. Five papers published in 5 languages (serial No.15, 16, 20, 25 and 26).

Publications

1. Muzaffar, N. 1970 A note on the Monophlebid (Icerya aegyptiaca Dgl.) and its natural enemies in West Pakistan. Tech. Bull. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control 13: 91-93. England.

2. Muzaffar, N. 1974 Memorandum on possibilities for biological control of Spodoptera

exigua (hb.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control, Pakistan Station, 11 pp. England.

3. Ghani, M. A. 1974 Relation between the parasite-predator complex and the host-plants & Muzaffar, N of scale insects in Pakistan (Editors). Misc. Public. No. 5.

Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control, Commonw. Agri. Bur. Farnham Royal, Slough, SL 23 BN, 92 pp. England. Priced Book.

4. Muzaffar, N. 1974 Memorandum on possibilities for biological control of Boophilus

spp. (Acarina : Ixodidae). Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control, Pakistan Station, 3 pp, England.

5. Ahmad, R. and 1976 A note on biology of Bracon gelechiae (Hym.: Barconidae) and Muzaffar, N. augmentation of this parasite against Pectinophora gossypiella

(Lep.: Gelechiidae). Entomophaga, 21 (3): 235-238. France.

6. Muzaffar, N. and 1977 A note on Saissetia privigna (Hem.: Cocidae) in Pakistan and the Ahmad, R. breeding of its natural enemies. Entomophaga, 22 (1): 45-46

France.

7. Ahmad, R. and 1977 Studies on cotton pests their natural enemies with reference to Muzaffar, N. effects of three insecticides of different persistencies. Agriculture

Pakistan, 28 (3): 193-203.

8. Cheema, M. A and 1979 Pathogens associated with the pink bollworm in Pakistan. Pak. Muzaffar, N. Acad. Sci., 16 : 43-44.

9. Ahmad, R. and 1980 A note on pathogens of the pink bollworm Pectinophora Muzaffar, N. gossypiella (Saunds.) (Lep., Gelechiidae) in Pakistan. Agriculture

Pakistan, 29 (1): 61-62.

10. Cheema, M. A., 1980 Biology, host range and incidence of parasites of Pectinophora Muzaffar, N. and gossypiella (Saunders) in Pakistan. The Pakistan cottons, 24 Ghani, M. A (1): 37-73.

11. Cheema, M. A., 1980 Role of natural enemies in the control of pink bollworm in Muzaffar, N., Pakistan. Pakistan Entomologist, 2: 1-10. Hussian, I. and Salim, M.

12. Cheema, M. A., 1980 Investigations on phenology, distribution, host range and Muzaffar, N. & evaluation of predators of and A Pechionphora gossypiella

Ghani, M. (Saunders) in Pakistan The Pakistan Cottons, 24 (2): 139-176.

13. Muzaffar, N. 1982 Honeybee an effective pollinator. Progressive Farming 2 (1): 5-7

14. Muzaffar, N. 1983 A peep into honeybee colony life. Progressive Farming 3 (5): 29-32.

15. Ahmad, R. 1983 Biological control of the wax moths Achroia grisella (F.) and Muzaffar, N. Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lep., Galleridae) by augmentation of the and Ali, Q parasite Apanteles galleriae Wilk. (Hum., Barconidae) in Pakistan.

Apiacta, 18: 15-20. Romania.

16. Ahmad, R. 1984 Domestcation of Apis dorsata F. (Hym. : Apidae). Apiacta, 19 (3): & Muzaffar, N. 69-70. Romania.

17. Muzaffar, N. 1984 Seasonal management of honeybee colonies. Progressive Farming,

4 (5): 27-30.

18. Muzaffar, N. 1985 Migration of Apis cerana F. (Hym.: Apidae) from hills to foot-hills and Ahmad, R. and vice versa. Proc. Pak. Cong. Zool., 6: 188-189.

19. Muzaffar, N. 1985 Role of honeybee in crop production, Progressive Farming,

5 (3): 5-9.

20. Ahmad, R. 1985 Studies on biological control of hornets predacious on honeybees in Muzaffar, N. and Pakistan. Proc. 30th International Apic. Cong. Apimondia: 140- Munawar, M. S. 141, Japan.

21. Muzaffar, N. 1986 Role of salivary glands of Pyralid borer larvae in host selection by and Annayat Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) (Hym. : Branconidae) Jour. Ullah, Ch. Agric. Res., 24: 203-205.

22. Muzaffar, N. 1986 Studies on hornets attacking honeybees in Pakistan. Pak. Jour. and Ahmad, R. Agric. Res., 7 (1): 59-63.

23. Muzaffar, N. 1986 Pesticide poisoning of honeybees Progressive Farming,

6 (2): 30-34.

24. Ahmad, R. and 1987 Rearing of silkworm (Urdu version). Misc. Pub. Pak. Agric. Res. Muzaffar, N. Council, 53 pp.

25. Ahmad, R. and Some biological observation on the wild colonies of the oriental Muzaffar, N. bees Apis cerana F. in Pakistan. Proc. 31st International Cong.

Apic. Apimondia: 182-183, Poland.

26. Ahmad, R. and 1987 Studies on bird predators of honeybees and their control by a Muzaffar, N. scaring device. Proc. 31st International Cong Apic. Apimondia:

503-504, Poland.

27. Ahmad, R. and 1987 Insect pollinators and management of rape and mustard crops in Muzaffar, N. Pakistan. Proc. 31st International Cong Apic. Apimondia: 368.

Poland.

28. Muzaffar, N. 1988 Appropriate technologies for improving economic condition of rural women. Progressive Farming, 8 (1): 28-33.

29. Ahmad, R. and 1988 Resham Sazi (Silk rearing). Sohni Dharti, Islamabad, 1 (5): 41-43; Muzaffar, N. 1 (7): 42-45.

30. Koeniger, N. and 1988 Lifespan of parasitic honeybee mite, Tropilaelaps clareae, on Apis Muzaffar, N. cerana, Dorsata and Mellifera. Jour. Apicultural Res., 27 (4):

207-212, Germany.

31. Ahmad, R. and 1988 Beekeeping a profitable cottage industry for the rural youth. PARC Muzaffar, N. News. World Food Day Supplement: 8-12.

32. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Some major and minor sources of nectar and pollen for Apis spp.

(Hymenoptera : Apidae) in Pakistan Proc. Ninth Pakistan Cong. Zool., (Abs.): 11.

33. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Basic steps in beekeeping for the beginners, Progressive Farming,

9 (6): 37-44.

34.Muzaffar, N. 1989 Beekeeping an income generating cottage industry for the rural women in Pakistan. Proc. Fourth International Conference on Apicultured in Trop. Climates, Cairo, 1988: 313-316 Egypt

35. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Studies on low cost honeybee hives in Pakistan. Proc. 2nd and Ahmad, R. Australian and Int. Bee Cong., Gold Coast, 1988: 229-231,

Australia.

36. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Impact of the introduced occidental bee Apis mellifera on the local and Ahmad, R. Apis spp. in Pakistan. Proc. 32nd Int. Apic. Cong., Apimondia :

153-154 Brazil.

37. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Transitional hives for remote areas of Pakistan. Proc. Pakistan and Ahmad, R. Cong. Zool., 9: 151-155.

38. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Distribution and competition of Apis spp. in and Pakistan. and Ahmad, R. Proc. Fourth International Conference on Apiculture in

Trop. Climates, Cairo, 1988: 449-452 Egypt.

39. Ahmad, R. and 1989 A method for preparation of low cast comb foundation press for Muzaffar, N. Apis cerana and Apis mellifera. Jour. Honeybee Science 10 (3)

109-111. Japan.

40. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Insect and plant sources of honeydew honey production in and Ahmad, R. Pakistan. Proc. Fourth International Conference on Apiculture in

Trop. Climates, Cairo, 1988 : 127-133 Egypt.

41. Muzaffar, N. 1989 Apiculture an income generating cottage industry for rural women in Pakistan. Proc. International Expert meeting on apiculture development in the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region. ICIMOD, Kathmandu : 22 (Abs.) Nepal.

42. Ahmad, R. and 1989 Country Statement : Pakistan. Proc. Workshop. on Parasitic Muzaffar, N bee mites and their control. Pulaway, Poland : 283.

FAO, Rome.

43. Muzaffar, N. 1990 The annihilation of wild colonies of the oriental bee, Apis cerana Fabr. In Pakistan. Jour. Honeybee Science, 11 (2): 67-68 Japan.

44. Muzaffar, N. 1990 Strategies for promotion of beekeeping. Progressive Farming,

10 (6): 17-22.

45. Muzaffar, N. 1990 Competitive performance of the oriental bee Apis cerana F. and Ahmad, R. and the European bee Apis. mellifera L. Pakistan

Jour. Zool,. 22 (2): 203-206.

46. Muzaffar, N. 1990 Apis spp. (Hymenoptera, Apidae) and their distribution in Pakistan. and Ahmad, R. Pakistan Jour. Agric. Res., 11 (1): 65-69.

47. Muzaffar, N. 1991 A note on foraging of the occidental bee Apis mellifera L. on

‘shain’ Plectranthus rugosus in Pakistan. Pakistan. Jour. Agric. Sci., 28 (1): 107-108.

48. Muzaffar, N. 1991 Investigations on the seasonal incidence and control and Ahmad, R. of the acarine mite Acarapis woodi (Rennie) in Apis cerana F.

colonies in Pakistan. Pakistan Jour. Zool., 23 (2): 139-143.

49. Muzaffar, N. 1991 Integrated management of the oriental honeybee Apis cerana F. and Ahmad, R. in Pakistan. Pakistan Jour. Zool., 23 (2): 167-168.

50. Muzaffar, N. 1991 Studies on two chetherapeutic agents for the control of hornet and Ahmad, R. predators of honeybee. Sindh Jour. Agric. Res., 8: 23-26.

51. Ahmad, R. and 1991 Insect pollinator and management of rape mustered crops and Muzaffar, N. in Pakistan. Farming System res. Symp. Univ. Arkansas (in press)

USA.

52. Muzaffar, N. 1991 Some honeybee flora for Apis spp. in Pakistan. Pakistan Jour. and Ahmad, R. Zool., 23 (3): 201-218.

53. Muzaffar, N. 1991 Studies on the effect of supplemental feeding on the development and Ahmad, R. of the oriental bee Apis cerana F. colonies. Proc. 11th Pak. Cong.

Zool., May 25-36, 1991, : 42-45.

54. Muzaffar, N. 1992 Studies on the incidence and control of the ectoparasitic mite Tropilaelaps calreae Delfinado and Baker infesting honeybee (Apis spp.) in Pakistan. Proc. Twelfth Pak. Cong. Zool. : 107-108.

55. Ahmad, R. and 1992 Studies on insect pests and pollinators management of Brassica Muzaffar, N. crops in Pakistan. Proc. National Seminar on role of plant health

and care in agriculture production. Uni. Agric. Faisalabad: 73-86.

56. Muzaffar, N. 1992 Women’s participation in crop sector. Progressive Farming, 12 (4): 42-46.

57. Muzaffar, N. 1992 Studies on the dietary role of pollen for wax production and its

effect in the management of Apis mellifera L. colonies. Thirteen Pak. Cong. Zool. : 64-65.

58. Muzaffar, N. 1992 Beekeeping and its present status in Pakistan. Progressive Farming,

12 (6): 45-50.

59. Muzaffar, N. 1993 Harvesting nature’s diversity through honeybees. Progressive Farming, 13 (5): 58-67.

60.Muzaffar, N. 1993 Status and control of apicultural diseases in Pakistan. FAO near

East Commission. Agric. 6 pp., Ciaro, Egypt. 61. Muzaffar, N. 1992 Studies on the dietary role of pollen for wax production and its effect in the management of Apis mellifera L. colonies. Proc. 13th Pak. Cong Zool., 64-65. 62. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Honeybee pollen. Pak. Agric. Res. Council, 7 pp. 63. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Nectar and pollen sources for Apis spp. in Pakistan. 14th Pak. Cong. Zool.: 74-75. 64. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Incidence and control of diseases of Apis spp. in Pakistan. 14th pak. Cong. Zool.: 103. 65. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Country paper on beekeeping in Pakistan. 13th SAARC Tech. Committ. Agric.: 15-18. 66. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Beekeeping - A promising enterprise for off-farm income and employment generation in Pakistan. The Daily Muslim, Feb. 1994.

67. Muzaffar, N. 1994 Present status of beekeeping in Pakistan. Proc 2nd Asian Apicultural Assoc. Conf. Honeybee Sci. Res. Centre, Tamagaw Uni., Japan, 2 pp. 68. Muzaffar, N. 1995 Investigations on the development of low cost nucs for honeybee (Apis mellifera) queen production. Fifteenth pak. Cong. Zool. NARC: 71-72. 69. Muzaffar, N. 1995 Role of honeybees (Apis spp.) and other insect pollinators (non-Apis bees) in the biodiversity of Pakistan. Int. Sym. on Biodiversity of Pakistan. Florida Mus. Nat. Hist., Pak. Mus. Hist. & Pak. Sci. Found.: 26-27. 70. Muzaffar, N. 1995 Enhancing employment opportunities for rural women. Proc. Regional Works. organized by U..N. Econ. & Soc. Comm. for Asia & Pacific, Thailand (July 17-21): 109-116. 71. Munawar, M.S., 1995 Effect of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on onion (Allium Muzaffar, N. & cepa L.) seed production. First Into. Cong. Entomol. Pak. Ent. Soc. Sohail, A. Uni. Agri. Faisalabad: 47. 72. Muzaffar, N. 1995 Impact of air pollutants on honeybees. Proc. Int. Works on impacts of air pollution on crop yields in Pakistan (in press). 73. Ahmad, R. & 1995 Modern Beekeeping (Urdu version). Misc. Pub. Pak. Agric. Res. Muzaffar, N. Council, 350 pp. Priced Book. 74. Muzaffar, N. 1996 Studies on the frequency of honey harvest and comb space on honey quantity & quality in Apis mellifera L. colonies. Crop. Prot. Conf. NWFP. Agric. Uni., CAP : 18-19. 75. Muzaffar, N. 1996 Feasibility study on honeybee queen production in Dir. Honeybee Res. Inst. NARC/PARC, 14 pp. 76. Cheema, M.A. 1996 A note on biology, behaviour and releases of Bracon kirkpatricki & Muzaffar, N. (Wlkn.) introduced against the pink bollworm of cotton Crop. Prot. Conf. NWFP Agric. Uni., CAP: 15-16. 77. Cheema, M.A. 1996 Phenology and behaviour of Apanteles angaleti Mues., a major & Muzaffar, N. parasitoid of the pink bollworm of cotton. Second. Int.Cong. entomol. Sci. Pak. Entoml. & Pak. Agric. Res. Comn.: 6.1. 78. Cheema, M.A. 1996 Suitability of Achroia grisella F. for rearing of six promising & Muzaffar, N. parasitoids of the pink bollworm. Second. Int.Cong. entomol. Sci. Pak. Entomol. Soc. & Pak. Agric. Res. Conn.: 6.1. 79. Hussain, G. 1996 Studies on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on different & Muzaffar, N. varieties of almond (Prunus amygdalus). Crop. Prot. Connf. NWFP Agric. Uni., CAP: 14-15.

80. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Introduction, symptoms and control of American foul brood of honeybees (Apis spp.) in Pakistan. Proc. 17th Pak. Cong. Zoology.: 73-74. 81. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Current status of honeybees (Apis spp.) in Pakistan. Third Int. Cong. ent. Sci., 64-65. 82. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Women income generating beekeeping programme in Dir area in Pakistan. Proc. Women Entrepreneurs Workshop on Environmentally Sound Technologies. Southwestern Uni. Agric. Chonqqing, China. APCTT, U.N., 7 pp. (In Chinese Language). 83. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Honey plant resources of Islamabad area. Jour. Islamabad Hort. Soc.,: 20-23. 84. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Studies on Buzura suppressaira Guenee causing a serious threat to and Hussain, G. Acacia honey production. Third Int. Cong. ent. Sci., 59- 60. 85. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Investigations on the potential of production in coastal area. Third Int. & Munawar, mangrove (Avicennia alba) for honey Cong. ent. Sci., 60-61. M.S. 86. Hussain, G. 1997 Studies on honeybee (Apis mellifera) pollination on sesame & Muzaffar, N. (Sesamum indium). Proc. 17th Pak. Cong. Zoology. : 68-69. 87. Munawar, M.S. 1997 Effect of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on Citrus sinensis & Muzaffar, N. var. Musambi. Third. Int. Cong. ent. Sci.,: 62. 88. Munawar, M. 1997 Influence of bee-scent in relation to foraging of honeybee (Apis S., Muzaffar, N. mellifera L.) and fruit set on loquat (Eriobotryia japonica). Third. and Iftikhar A. Int. Cong. ent. Sci.,: 65. 89.Siddiqui, R.K. 1997 Studies on suitability of different varieties of mulberry in silkworm & Muzaffar, N. rearing. Third. Int. Cong. ent. Sci. 62-63. 90. Muzaffar, N. 1997 Beekeeping and its by-products (urdu version) Pak. Agric. Res. Council, 43 pp. 91. Muzaffar, N. 1998 Selective breeding of occidental bee Apis mellifera for high honey yield. Proc. 18th Pak. Cong. Zoology. : 86-87. 92. Muzaffar, N. 1998 Some environmentally sound technologies for enhancing employment opportunities for rural women. Int. Workshop on technology dissemination among grass roots women groups in Pakistan, LUMUS, 13 pp. 93. Muzaffar, N. 1998 A brief of research work on oriental honeybee Apis cerana F. in Pakistan. Asian Apiculture. ICIMOD, Nepal (in press).

94. Muzaffar, N. 1998 Honeybee flora and production potential of some major honey plants in Pakistan. Asian Apiculture. ICIMOD, Nepal (in press). 95. Muzaffar, N. 1999 Multiplication of Apis mellifera imported from Australia and its contribution in honey production. Accepted for publication in Apimondia, Rome (letter of acceptance attached). 96. Muzaffar, N. 1999 Potential of women beekeeping income generation in tribal areas. Accepted for publication in Apimondia, Rome (letter of acceptance attached). 97. Muzaffar, N. 1999 Development in the Cholistan Desert. Proc. Fifth International Conference on Desert Development. Desert Development: The Endless Frontier. Int. Centre for Arid and Semiarid Land Studies, Texas Tech Uni., Aug. 12-17, 1996, Vol. I: 115 - 120. 98. Muzaffar, N. 1999 Schedule for management of honeybees. Pak. Agric. Council, 10 pp. 99. Muzaffar, N. 2000 Prospects of Apis cerana beekeeping in Margalla Hills, Pakistan. 17th IBRA Conference on Tropical Bees: Management and Diversity & Fifth Asian Apicultural Association Conferences: Chiang Mai, Thailand: 76. 100. Muzaffar, N. 2000 Studies on foraging activity of Apis cerana on different flora. 17th and Ahamd, F. IBRA Conference on Tropical Bees: Management and Diversity & Fifth Asian Apicultural Association Conferences: Chiang Mai, Thailand: 142. 101. Muzaffar, N. 2000 Effect of honeybee and bee scent on pollination and fruit setting of and Hussain, G. different varieties of apple (Malus pumila) and pear (Pyrus communis) IBRA (accepted). 102. Hussain G., 2000 Studies on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on seed setting & Muzaffar, N. of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Twentieth Pak. Cong. Zool. Sindh Uni. Jamshoro: 107-108. 103. Muzaffar, N. 2001 Managing bio-diversity in agricultural ecosystems through sustainable management of insect pollinators by rural communities. Proc. International Symposium: Montreal, Canada. 104. Muzaffar, N. 2002 Prospects of cottage industries in mountain areas of Pakistan. Proc. PARC – ICIMOD joint Seminar on `Sustainability of natural resources and agriculture in mountain areas of Pakistan’ Islamabad, 2001. : 106- 112. 105. Muzaffar, N. 2002 Beekeeping in Pakistan. American Bee Jour. Vol.142 (5): 339-342. and Wells, H.

106. Muzaffar, N. 2003 Honeybee breeding (Urdu version). Punjab University Press, 44 pp. Husnain, S. 107. Muzaffar, N. 2007 Honey- a natural product of beekeeping. Punjab University Press, 32 pp. Akhtar, M.