Profit & Loss

One-Step Towards Success

2013

PROFIT AND LOSS Quantitative Aptitude For: *Bank PO,SBI PO,IBPS PO Exams…

*Postal Sorting Assistant Exams…

*SSC Combined Graduate Level Exams…

*LIC AAO and All other competitive examinations… Akshay Almast

P r o f i t a n d L o s s

Race Express/One-Step Towards Success

2

PROFIT & LOSS

Definitions:

Cost Price: The price at which an article is purchased is called the cost price or C.P.

Selling Price: The price at which an article is sold is called the selling price or S.P.

Marked (List) Price: The Price that is indicated or marked on the article is called marked price or M.P. Profit (Gain): If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have a profit (gain).

Loss: If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller is said to have a loss.

Discount: It is reduction given on the Marked Price or List Price of an article.

Formulae: 1. Gain= (SP)-(CP)

2. Loss= (CP)-(SP)

3. Gain %= (Gain x 100

CP)

4. Loss %= (Loss x 100

CP)

5. SP= 100+Gain %

100 x CP

6. SP= (100−Loss %)

100 x CP

7. CP= 100

(100+Gain %) x SP

8. CP= 100

(100−Loss %) x SP

9. Discount= MP-SP

10. Discount%= (D

M.P. x 100)

11. SP= (100−D%

100x MP)

12. If a trader professes to sell his

goods at Cost Price, but uses false

weight, then Gain (Profit) Percent,

= [Error

True Value −(Error) x 100]%

13. If a trade gets x% profit and x% loss in selling two similar articles, then in over all transaction, there is always a loss which is

Loss %= (𝑥

10)2

14. If an article is sold at a gain of 49%, then SP= 149% of CP. 15. If an article is sold at a loss of 49%, then SP= 51% of CP.

Mostly Asked Questions (Fully Solved)

Que.:- If the cost price of 12 pens is equal to the selling price of 8 pens, the gain percent is: Sol.:- Let C.P. of each pen be Rs.1. Then, C.P. of 8 pens= Rs.8 S.P. of 8 pens= Rs.12.

∴ Gain%= (Gain

C.P. x 100)

= (4

8 x 100) %

= 50%. Que.:- A shopkeeper purchased 70 kg of potatoes for Rs. 420 and sold the whole lot at the rate of Rs.6.50 per kg. What will be his gain percent? Sol.:- C.P. of 1kg potatoes,

= Rs. (420

70) = Rs. 6.



3

S.P. of 1kg potatoes= Rs. 6.50.

∴ Gain%= (Gain

C.P. x 100)

= (0.50

6 x 100) %

= 25

3 %

= 8 1

3 %.

Que.:- 100 oranges are bought at the rate of Rs.350 and sold at the rate of Rs.48 per dozen. The percentage of profit or loss is:

Sol.:- C.P. of 1 orange= Rs. (350

100)

= Rs. 3.50.

S.P. of 1 orange= Rs. (48

12)

= Rs. 4. Here, CP < SP

∴ Gain%= (Gain

C.P. x 100)

= (0.50

3.50 x 100) %

= 100

7 % or 14

2

7 %.

Que.:-A man gains 20% by selling an article for a certain price. If he sells it at double the price, the percentage of profit will be: Sol.:- Let C.P. =Rs. x. Then, S.P. = Rs. (120% of C.P.) = Rs. (120% of x)

= Rs. 6𝑥

5

New S.P. = Rs. (2 x 6𝑥

5)

= Rs. 12𝑥

5

Profit= (SP-CP)

Profit= Rs. (12𝑥

5− 𝑥)

= Rs. 7𝑥

5

∴Profit% = (7𝑥

5 x

1

𝑥 x 100) %

= 140%.

Que.:- Some articles were bought at 6 for Rs. 5 and sold at 5 for Rs. 6. Gain percent is: Sol.:- Suppose, number of articles bought= L.C.M. of 6 & 5= 30.

C.P. of 30 articles= Rs. (5

6 x 30)

= Rs. 25.

S.P. of 30 articles= Rs. (6

5 x 30)

= Rs. 36.

∴Gain%= (Gain

C.P. x 100)

= (11

25 x 100) %

= 44%. Que.:- A fair price shopkeeper takes 10% profit on his goods. He lost 20% goods during theft. His loss percent is: Sol.:- Suppose he has 100 items. Let C.P. of each item be Rs.1. Total cost= Rs.100. No. of items left after theft= 80. S.P. of each item= Rs. 1.10 ∴Total sale= Rs. (1.10 x 80) = Rs. 88. Hence,

Loss%= (Loss x 100

CP)

= (12

100 x 100) % = 12%.

Que.:- A trader marked the price of his commodity so as to include a profit of 25%. He allowed discount of 16% on the marked price. His actual profit was: Sol.:- Let C.P. be Rs. 100. Then, marked price= Rs. 125. S.P. = 84% of Rs. 125

= Rs. (84

100 x 125)



4

= Rs. 105. ∴Profit%= (SP-CP) % = (105-100) % = 5%. Que.:- A shopkeeper sells 25 articles at Rs. 45 per article after giving 10% discount and earns 50% profit. If the discount is not given, the profit gained is: Sol.:- S.P. of 1 article= Rs. 45. Let marked price of each article be Rs. x. Then, S.P. = 90% of Rs. x

45 = 90𝑥

100

∴ x= Rs. (45 x 100

90)

= Rs. 50.

C.P. = 100

(100+Gain %) x SP

= Rs. (100

150 x 45)

= Rs. 30.

∴Required Profit%= (Gain

C.P. x 100)

= (20

30 x 100) %

= 200

3 %

= 66 2

3 %.

Que.:- A trader marked the selling price of an article at 10% above the cost price. At the time of selling, he allows certain discount and suffers a loss of 1%. He allowed a discount of: Sol.:- Let C.P. =Rs. 100. Then, Marked Price= Rs. 110. S.P. = Rs. 99. Discount = (M.P.-S.P.)

= Rs. (110-99)

= Rs. 11.

∴Discount%= (D

M.P. x 100)

= (11

110 x 100) %

= 10 %.

Que.:- A trader marked his

goods at 20% above the cost

price. He sold half the stock at

the marked price, one quarter

at a discount of 20% on the

marked price and the rest at a

discount of 40% on the marked

price. His total gain is:

Sol.:-Let C.P. of whole stock=Rs.

100. Then, Marked Price of

whole Stock= Rs. 120.

M.P. of 1

2 stock= Rs. 60.

M.P. of 1

4 stock= Rs. 30.

∴Total S.P. is

= Rs. [60+(80% of 30)+(60% of 30)]

= Rs. (60+24+18)

= Rs. 102.

Hence, Gain%= (S.P. – C.P.) %

= (102-100) % = 2%.

Que.:- The marked price of a

watch was Rs. 720. A man

bought the same for Rs. 550.80

after getting two successive

discounts, the first being 10%.

What was the second discount

rate?

Sol.:- Let the 2nd discount rate be

x %. Then,

(100-x) % of 90 % of 720= 550.80

∴ (100−𝑥)

100 x

90

100 x 720= 550.80



5

∴ 100 − 𝑥 = ( 55080

9 x 72) = 85

100 − 𝑥 = 85

∴ x = (100-85) = 15.

∴ 2nd discount rate= 15 %.

Que.:- A fan is listed at Rs. 1500

and a discount of 20% is offered

on the list price. What

additional discount must be

offered to the customer to bring

the net price to Rs. 1104?

Sol.:- S.P. after 1st discount,

= Rs. (80

100 x 1500)

= Rs. 1200.

Net S.P. = Rs. 1104.

Discount on Rs. 1200= Rs. 96.

∴Required discount= (D

M.P. x 100) %

=(96

1200 x 100) %

= 8 %.

Que.:- A cloth merchant sold

half of his cloth at 20% profit,

half of the remaining at 20%

loss and the rest was sold at the

cost price. In the total

transaction, his gain or loss will

be:

Sol.:- Let C.P. of whole be Rs. x.

C.P. of 1

2 stock= Rs.

𝑥

2

C.P. of 1

4 stock= Rs.

𝑥

4

Total S.P.,

= Rs. [(120% of 𝑥

2 ) + (80% of

𝑥

4) +

𝑥

4]

= Rs. (3𝑥

5+𝑥

5+𝑥

4) = Rs.

21𝑥

20

Here, CP < SP

∴ Gain= Rs. (21𝑥

20− 𝑥) = Rs.

𝑥

20

∴ Gain%= (𝑥

20 x

1

𝑥 x 100) % = 5 %.

Que.:- A man buys an article for

10% less than its value and sells

it for 10% more than its value.

His gain or loss percent is:

Sol.:- Let the article be worth Rs. x.

C.P. = 90% of Rs. x

= Rs. 9𝑥

10

S.P. = 110% of Rs. x

= Rs. 11𝑥

10

Here, CP < SP

∴Gain= Rs. (11𝑥

10−

9𝑥

10)

= Rs. 𝑥

5

∴Gain%= (Gain x 100

CP)

= (𝑥

5 x

10

9𝑥 x 100) %

= 22 2

9 % >20 %.

Que.:- A man bought apples at

the rate of 8 for Rs. 34 and sold

them at the rate of 12 for Rs. 57.

How many apples should be

sold to earn a net profit of Rs.

45?

Sol.:- C.P. of 1 apple= Rs. (34

8)

= Rs. 4.25.

S.P. of 1 apple= Rs. (57

12)

= Rs. 4.75.

Profit on each apple,

= (S.P. – C.P.)

= (4.75 – 4.25)



6

= Rs. 0.50.

∴ No. of apples required= (45

0.50)= 90.

Que.:- A man buys two dozen

bananas at Rs. 16 per dozen.

After selling 18 bananas at the

rate of Rs. 12 per dozen, the

shopkeeper reduced the rate to

Rs. 4 per dozen. The percent

loss is:

Sol.:- C.P. = Rs. (16 x 2) = Rs. 32.

S.P. = Rs. (12 x 1.5 + 4 x 0.5)

= Rs. (18+2) = Rs. 20.

∴ Loss%= (Loss x 100

CP)

= (12

32 x 100) % = 37.5 %.

Que.:- A man buys a cycle for Rs.

1400 and sells it at a loss of

15%. What is the S.P. of the

cycle?

Sol.:- S.P. = 85 % of C.P.

= 85 % of Rs. 1400

= Rs. (85

100 x 1400)

= Rs. 1190.

Que.:- When a plot is sold for

Rs.18,700 the owner loses 15 %.

At what price must the plot be

sold in order to gain 15%?

Sol.:- Let new S.P. be Rs. x. Then, (100-loss%):(1st S.P.) = (100+gain%):(2nd S.P.) (100-15%):(18,700)=(100+15%): x

85 : 18,700 = 115 : x

∴ x = (18,700 x 115

85) = 25,300.

∴ S.P. = Rs. 25,300.

Que.:- A person incurs 5% loss

by selling a watch for Rs. 1140.

At what price should the watch

be sold to earn 5% profit?

Sol.:- Let new S.P. be Rs. x. Then, (100-loss%):(1st S.P.) = (100+gain%):(2nd S.P.)

(100-5%):(1140)=(100+5%): x

95 : 1140 = 105 : x

∴ x = (1140 x 105

95) = 1260.

∴ S.P. = Rs. 1260.

Que.:- A man loses 10% by

selling an article for Rs. 180. At

what price should he sell it to

gain 10%?

Sol.:- Let new S.P. be Rs. x. Then, (100-loss%):(1st S.P.) = (100+gain%):(2nd S.P.)

(100-10%):(180)=(100+10%):x

90:180=110: x

∴ x = (180 x 110

90) = 220.

∴ SP = Rs. 220.

Que.:- A tradesman sold an

article at a loss of 20%. If the SP

had been increased by Rs. 100,

there would have been a gain of

5%. What was the cost price of

the article?

Sol.:- Let the C.P. be Rs. x. Then,

(105% of x) - (80% of x)=100

∴ 25% of x = 100

∴ 25𝑥

100 = 100

∴ 𝑥

4 = 100

∴ x = 400.

So, C.P. = Rs. 400.



7

Que.:- A man bought a horse and

a carriage for Rs. 3000. He sold

the horse at a gain of 20% and

the carriage at a loss of 10%,

thereby gaining 2% on the

whole. Find the cost of the

horse.

Sol.:- Let the C.P. of the horse be Rs. x. Then, C.P. of the carriage = Rs. (3000- x).

∴20% of x – 10% of (3000- x) = 2% of 3000

∴ 20𝑥

100 –

3000−𝑥

10 = 60

∴ 𝑥

5 –

3000−𝑥

10 = 60

∴ 10 x – 15000 + 5 x = 3000

∴ 15 x = 15000 + 3000 = 18000

∴ x = 18000

15 = 1200.

Hence, C.P. of the horse = Rs. 1200.

Que.:- On selling 17 balls at Rs.

720, there is a loss equal to the

cost price of 5 balls. The cost

price of a ball is:

Sol.:- CP of 17 balls - SP of 17 balls

= CP of 5 balls.

∴ CP of 17 balls - CP of 5 balls

= SP of 17 balls.

∴ CP of 12 balls = SP of 17 balls

= Rs. 720.

∴ CP of 1 ball = Rs. (720

12) = Rs. 60.

Que.:- A pair of articles was

bought for Rs. 37.40 at a

discount of 15%. What must be

the marked price of each of the

articles?

Sol.:- SP of each article = Rs. (37.40

2)

= Rs. 18.70

Let MP be Rs. x. Then,

SP = 85% of x

18.70 = 85𝑥

100

∴ x = (18.70 x 100

85)

= 22.

∴ MP = Rs. 22.

Que.:- List price of an article at a

showroom is Rs. 2000 and it is

being sold at successive

discounts of 20% and 10%. Its

net selling price will be:

Sol.:- S.P. = 90% of 80% of Rs. 2000

= Rs. (90

100 x

80

100 x 2000)

= Rs. 1440.

Que.:- The price of an article is

raised by 30% and then two

successive discounts of 10%

each are allowed. Ultimately,

the price of the article is:

Sol.:- Let the original price be Rs.

100. Then, marked price = Rs. 130.

Final price = 90% of 90% of Rs. 130

= Rs. (90

100 x

90

100 x 130)

= Rs. 105.30.

∴ Increase in price= (105.30-100)%

= 5.3 %.

Que.:- By selling an article at 𝟐

𝟓 of

the marked price, there is a loss

of 25%. The ratio of the marked

price and the cost price of the

article is:



8

Sol.:- Let cost price = Rs. 100.

Then, 2

5 of (Marked Price) = 75

∴ Marked Price = Rs. (75 x 5

2)

= Rs. 375

2

∴ Required Ratio,

= 375

2 : 100

= 375 : 200

= 15 : 8.

Que.:- A shopkeeper sells a

badminton rackets, whose

marked price is Rs. 30, at a

discount of 15% and gives a

shuttle cock costing Rs. 1.50

free with each racket. Even then

he makes a profit of 20%. His

cost price per racket is:

Sol.:- Marked Price = Rs. 30.

S.P. = Rs. [(85

100 x 30) - 1.50]

= Rs. (25.50 - 1.50)

= Rs. 24.

Let C.P. be Rs. x. Then,

120% of x = 24

∴ x = (24

120 x 100)

= Rs. 20.

Que.:- A shopkeeper sold sarees

at Rs. 266 each after giving 5%

discount on labelled price. Had

he not given the discount, he

would have earned a profit of

12% on the cost price. What

was the cost price of each

saree?

Sol.:- S.P. of 1 saree = Rs. 266.

Let the labelled price of each saree

be Rs. x. Then, 95𝑥

100 = 266

∴ x = Rs. (266

95 x 100) = Rs. 280.

Now, S.P. = Rs. 280, profit = 12 %.

∴ C.P. of 1 saree = Rs. (100

112 x 280)

= Rs. 250.

Que.:- An item when sold for Rs.

1,690 earned 30% profit on the

cost price. Then the cost price

is:

Sol.:- Cost price =Rs. (100

130 x 1,690)

= Rs. 1,300.

Que.:- A dealer purchased a

washing machine for Rs. 7,660.

After allowing a discount of

12% on its marked price, he

still gains 10%. Find the

marked price of the washing

machine.

Sol.:- Cost price = Rs. 7,660.

S.P. = 110% of Rs. 7,660

= Rs. (110

100 x 7,660)

= Rs. 8,426.

Let marked price be Rs. x.

Then, S.P. = 88% of x

8,426 = (88𝑥

100)

∴ x = (8,426 x 100

88)

∴ x = Rs. 9,575.

∴ Marked Price = Rs. 9,575.



9

Que.:- A dealer marks his goods

20% above cost price. He then

allows some discount on it and

marks a profit of 12%. The rate

of discount is:

Sol.:- Let Cost Price = Rs. 100.

Then,

M.P. = Rs. 120, S.P. = Rs. 112.

∴ Discount= (MP-SP)

= Rs. (120-112) = Rs. 8.

∴ Discount% = (D

M.P. x 100)

= (8

120 x 100) %

= 20

3 % or 6

2

3 %.

Que.:- A trader marked his

product 20% higher than his

cost price and then gives 20%

discount on the marked price.

The profit or loss for selling the

product is:

Sol.:- Let Cost Price = Rs. 100.

Then,

Marked Price = Rs. 120.

S.P. = (100−D%

100x MP)

= (100−20%

100x 120)

= Rs. 96.

Here, CP > SP

∴ Loss = (CP-SP) = (100-96) = 4

∴ Loss% = (Loss x 100

CP)

= (4 x 100

100) %

= 4 %.

Que.:- A man sold an article at a

loss of 20%. If he could sell it for

Rs. 200 more, he would make a

profit of 5%. The cost price of

the article is:

Sol.:- Let cost price be Rs. x. Then,

SP = (105% of x) - (80% of x)

200 = 25% of x

200 = 25𝑥

100

∴ x = Rs. (200 x 100

25) = Rs. 800.

Que.:- A man purchased an

article and sold it to B at a profit

of 25% and B sold it to C at a

loss of 10% and C paid Rs. 675

for it. For how much did A

purchase it (in Rs.)?

Sol.:- 125% of 90% of A = Rs. 675

∴ 125

100 x

90

100 x A = 675

∴ 45

40 x A = 675

∴ A = 675 x 40

45 = Rs. 600.

Que.:- A sells a bicycle to B at a

profit of 20%. B sells it to C at a

profit of 25%. If C pays Rs. 225

for it, the cost price of the

bicycle for A is:

Sol.:- 125% of 120% of A = Rs. 225

∴ 125

100 x

120

100 x A = 225

∴ 30

20 x A = 225

∴ A = 225 x 20

30 = Rs. 150.

Que.:- A fair price shopkeeper

takes 10% profit on his goods.



10

He lost 20% goods during theft.

His loss percent is:

Sol.:- Suppose he has 100 items.

Let C.P. of each item be Rs. 1.

Total cost = Rs. 100. Number of

items left after theft = 80.

S.P. of each item = Rs. 1.10.

∴ Total sale = Rs. (1.10 x 80)

= Rs. 88.

Hence,Loss%= (12

100 x 100) %= 12%.

Que.:- At what percent above

the cost price must a

shopkeeper mark his goods so

that he gains 20% even after

giving a discount of 10% on the

marked price?

Sol.:- Let C.P. = Rs. 100. Then,

S.P. = Rs. 120.

Let marked price be Rs. x.

Then, S.P. = 90% of x

120 = 90𝑥

100

∴ x = (120 x 100

90) = 133

1

3

∴ Marked Price = 33 1

3 % above CP.

Que.:- A man sold 18 cots for Rs.

16,800, gaining thereby the cost

price of 3 cots. The C.P. of a cot

is:

Sol.:- (SP of 18 cots)-(CP of 18 cots)

= (CP of 3 cots)

∴ (CP of 21 cots) = (SP of 18 cots)

= Rs. 16,800.

∴ (CP of 1 cot)= Rs. (16,800

21)= Rs. 800.

Que.:- A dishonest dealer uses a

scale of 90 cm instead of a

metre scale and claims to sell at

cost price. His profit is:

Sol.:- Gain% = (Gain x 100

CP)

= (10

90 x 100) %

= 11 1

9 %.

Que.:- 300 bananas were

purchased at Rs. 128 a hundred.

What should be the selling price

per dozen, if a profit of Rs.66 is

to be made?

Sol.:- Cost Price of 300 Bananas,

= 128

100 x 300 = Rs. 384

Profit = Rs. 66 … Given

∴ Selling Price of 300 Bananas,

= 384 + 66 = Rs. 450

∴ Selling Price per dozen,

= 450

300 x 12 = Rs. 18.

Que.:- A sells an article to B at a

gain of 10%. B sells it to C at a

gain of 7 𝟏

𝟐 %. C disposes of it at

a loss of 25%. If the prime cost

to the manufacturer A was Rs.

3200,then find the price

obtained by C.

Sol.:- A buys an article for Rs.

3200 and sells it at a gain of 10%.

∴Cost Price to B = Rs. (3200 x 110

100)

B sells it at a gain of 15

2 %,

∴Cost Price to C=Rs. (3200 x 110 x107.5

(100 x 100))



11

C sells it at a loss of 25 %,

∴Price Obtained by C is

= Rs. (3200 x 110 x 107.5 x 75

(100 x 100 x 100))

= Rs. (3200 x 1.1 x 1.075 x 0.75)

= Rs. 2838.

Que.:- A sold a tape-recorder to

B for Rs. 4,860 at a loss of 19%.

Again B sold it to C at a price

that would give A, a profit of

17%. The gain of B is:

Sol.:- Cost of tape-recorder paid by

A = 4860 x 100

81

= Rs. 6000.

Cost of tape-recorder paid by

C = 6000 x 117

100

= Rs. 7020.

∴ Gain of B = Rs. (7020-4860)

= Rs. 2160.

∴ Gain % = (Gain x 100

CP)

= (2160 x 100

4860)

= 400

9 % or 44

4

9 %.

Que.:- If the selling price of a

product is increased by Rs. 162,

then the businessman will make

a profit of 17% instead of a loss

of 19%. The cost price of the

product is:

Sol.:- Let the cost price be Rs. x.

∴ if loss is 19%, then the selling

Price would have been,

x - 19% of x, i.e., 81𝑥

100

∴ 81𝑥

100 + 162 = x + 17% of x =

117𝑥

100

∴ 36 x = 16200

∴ x = Rs. 450.

Que.:- It costs Re. 1 to

photocopy a sheet of paper.

However, 2% discount is

allowed on all photocopies done

after first 1000 sheets. How

much will it cost to copy 5000

sheets of paper?

Sol.:- Total cost,

=Rs. [1x1000+(100-2)% of 1x4000]

=Rs. (1000+0.98 x 4000)

=Rs. (1000+3920)

=Rs. 4920.

Que.:- If by selling 110 apples,

the C.P. of 120 apples is

realised, the gain percentage is:

Sol.:-Let C.P. of each apple be Rs. 1.

C.P. of 110 apples = Rs. 110

S.P. of 110 apples = Rs. 120

∴ Gain % = (10

110 x 100) % = 9

1

11 %.

Que.:- By selling 12 toffees for a

rupee, a man loses 20%. How

many for a rupee should he sell

to get a gain of 20%?

Sol.:- Let S.P. of 12 toffees be Rs. x.

Then, 80 : 1 = 120 : x

∴ x = (120

80) =

3

2 .

For Rs. 3

2 , toffees sold = 12.

For Rs. 1 , toffees sold,

= (12 x 2

3) = 8.

http://www.aptibook.com/discuss?uid=apti-percentage15&question=It-costs-Re.-1-to-photocopy-a-sheet-of-paper.-However,-2%25-discount-is-allowed-on-all-photocopies-done-after-first-1000-sheets.-How-much-will-it-cost-to-copy-5000-sheets-of-paper?










12

Que.:- The cash difference

between the selling prices of an

article at a profit of 4% and 6%

is Rs. 3. The ratio of the two

selling prices is:

Sol.:- Let C.P. of the article be Rs. x.

Then, Required ratio,

= 104% 𝑥

106% 𝑥 =

104

106 =

52

53 = 52:53.

Que.:- Peter bought an item at

20% discount on its original

price. He sold it with 40%

increase on the price he bought

it. The new sale price is by what

percent more than the original

price?

Sol.:- Let the original price be Rs.

100. Then, C.P. = Rs. 80.

∴ S.P. = 140% of Rs. 80

= Rs. (140

100 x 80)

= Rs. 112.

∴ Required Percentage,

= (112 - 100) % = 12%.

Que.:- A dishonest dealer

professes to sell his goods at

cost price. But he uses a false

weight and thus gains 6 𝟏𝟖

𝟒𝟕 %.

For a kg, he uses a weight of:

Sol.:- Let error = x gms. Then,

𝑥

1000−𝑥 x 100 = 6

18

47

∴ 100𝑥

1000−𝑥 =

300

47

∴ 47 x = 3 (1000 - x)

∴ 50 x = 3000

∴ x = 60.

∴ Weight used = (1000 - 60)

= 940 gms.

Que.:- A shopkeeper cheats to

the extent of 10% while buying

as well as selling, by using false

weights. His total gain is:

Sol.:-

Rule:

Gain % = (100+𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 %)2

100− 100

∴Gain %= [ (100+10)2

100− 100] %

= (12100−10000

100) %

= 21 %.

*****

Profit & Loss

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