Profile of Colchester’s most deprived wards*(2004**)

Colchester Borough Council

Profile of Colchester’s mostdeprived wards*(2004**)

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Berechurch

St. Anne's

St. Andrew's

Harbour

*According to the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2000**Using most recent public data available at the time of producing this document (March 2004)

CONTENTS

(i) INTRODUCTION………………………………………….. 3 3. EDUCATION, SKILLS AND TRAINING…………….. 613.1 Students…….………………………………………. 62

(ii) METHODOLOGY………………………………………… 5 3.2 Basic Skills…….……………………………………. 663.3 Qualifications……………………………………….. 68

(iii) WARD SUMMARIES……………………………………. 8 3.4 Education, Skills and Training deprivation………. 72

4. INCOME AND BENEFITS…………………………….. 731. POPULATION………………..……………………………. 23 4.1 Household Income ....……………………………... 741.1 Population………………………………………………1.2 Population by Age……………………………………...

2425

4.2 Income Index for older people…………………….4.3 Income Deprivation…………………………………

7576

1.3 Household Composition…….…………………………1.4 Ethnic Group……………………………………………

2630

4.4 Child Poverty…………………………………….….4.5 Income Support Claimants………………………...

7778

1.5 Religion………………………………………………… 31 4.6 Working family tax credit claimants………………. 81

2. EMPLOYMENT AND WORK…………………………….. 32 5. HEALTH AND DISABILITY…………………………… 822.1 Economic Activity……………………………………… 33 5.1 Health deprivation and disability….……………… 832.2 Employment Deprivation……………………………... 39 5.2 Limiting Long-Term Illness...……………………… 842.3 Unemployed People…………………………………... 40 5.3 Health and disability benefits………………..……. 852.4 VAT Registered Enterprises…………………………. 46 5.4 Conceptions………………………………………… 882.5 Economic Inactivity……………………………………. 482.6 Approximated social grade…………………………… 54 7. GEOGRAPHICAL ACCESS TO SERVICES.………. 91

7.1 Geographical access to services ………………... 92

3

(i) INTRODUCTION

This document gives a snapshot profile of the four wards that are most ‘deprived’ in Colchester according to the Index of MultipleDeprivation 2000. These wards are Berechurch, Harbour, St Andrew’s and St Anne’s (see map in Appendix 1). Throughout thisdocument these four wards will be referred to as the ‘deprived’ wards.

Table 1 shows the rank of the four ‘deprived’ wards in relation to the rest of the wards in England (where a rank of 1 means that itis the most deprived ward in England and a rank of 8,414 means that it is the least deprived). According to this index, St Andrew’swas the most deprived of all wards in Colchester and was in the 10% most deprived wards nationally. The remaining three wardswere amongst the 30% most deprived wards nationally. All of these wards are also in the 20% most deprived in the East ofEngland region.

This profile compiles information from a range of sources to document different aspects of deprivation. The result is a betterunderstanding of specific needs in each of these wards. The intention is to use this information to help local communities andpolicy makers plan and target services more accurately.

Table 1: Index of Multiple Deprivation (ID 2000)

St Andrew’s St Anne’s Harbour BerechurchEngland Rank(of 8414 wards)

552 2066 2119 2193

Source: Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions,Indices of Deprivation 2000 © Crown Copyright, 2002

4

(ii) METHODOLOGY

Data used in this profile

As explained above, this profile was produced in order to present a comprehensive picture of the four most ‘deprived’ wards inColchester. The authors aimed to bring together the most recent data that could be accessed about these wards at the time ofproducing this document (March 2004). These come from a variety of sources and may refer to different time periods.

Structure of the profile

The data is presented and analysed on a thematic basis and organised under the seven main chapter headings listed below. Themain indicators that were used are also summarised below:

1. Demographic overviewCensus (2001)

2. Employment and workCensus (2001)Index of Multiple Deprivation (2000)Inter-Departmental Business Register (2000)

3. Education, skills and trainingThe basic skills agency (1997)Census (2001)Oxford University (1998)

4. Income and benefitsColchester Borough Council Housing NeedsSurvey (2002)Index of Multiple Deprivation (2000)Department for Work and Pensions (2002)

5. Health and disabilityCensus (2001)Department for Work and Pensions (2002)Index of Multiple Deprivation (2000)

6. Geographical access to servicesIndex of Multiple Deprivation (2000)

5

Ward based summaries

The ward-based summary at the beginning of the profile is intended to give an overall picture of each section for each of the‘deprived’ wards. For conciseness and to avoid duplication, these summaries consist of brief bullet-point reviews and do notcontain data. However, they do signpost back to the original analysis where actual data references can be found.

How the data is analysed

Where possible, the data in this profile has been recorded in relation to:

• other ‘deprived’ wards

• all wards in Colchester

• the averages for Colchester, Essex, the Eastern region and England

Data accuracy

All data in this profile has, where possible, been presented to one decimal place. In some cases, wards with apparently the samescore will be given different ranks according to their actual score.

Additional wards in the charts

Although Berechurch, Harbour, St Andrew’s and St Anne’s were the most ‘deprived’ wards in Colchester overall, according to theiroverall rankings on the Index of Multiple Deprivation (2000) (see Table 1, page 4), there may be other wards that experiencegreater need in relation to particular issues (e.g. unemployment). Where this is the case, other wards have been incorporated intocharts and analysed in pink font so that they are not overlooked.

Interpreting the charts

Most data discussed in this profile is presented in graphs similar to the example (Graph x) pictured overleaf. These graphs givenumerical and proportional data for each of the ‘deprived’ wards. As noted above, these graphs also feature any other wards where

6

their position ranks within the top four in the borough for that particular issue, either numerically or proportionally. Where it hasbeen possible, graphs also present comparative data for the Colchester, Essex, the East of England region and England.

The graphs should be read as follows:

• The bars represent the proportions (%) while the red line graphs represent actual numbers.

• The blue bars represent the proportions for the four ‘deprived’ wards and the other geographical comparators (i.e.Berechurch, Harbour, St Andrew’s, St Anne’s, Colchester, Essex, the Eastern Region and England).

• The yellow bars represent the proportions for any other wards that rank within the four highest in the borough for thatparticular indicator. The red line chart represents the actual numbers for each indicator. The values are displayed in the greenbox above the line graph.

Graph x: Example

5.33.94.04.34.15.5 5.4 5.78.1

273359

557

213

331

0

4

8

12

16

20

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

New

Town

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

(No.

)

% in population aged 16-74 Actual number

7

Queries/ Comments on the profile

This profile was produced by Emma West and Mandy Jones at the Colchester Borough Council Social and Economic Regenerationteam. If you have any queries or comments on this profile, please contact:

Mandy Jones OR Emma WestResearch Co-ordinator Project and Research [email protected] [email protected]( 01206 282501) ( 01206 282501)

Note: The information contained in this document was, as far as is known, correct at the date of publication. Colchester BoroughCouncil cannot, however, accept responsibility for any error or omission.

Crown Copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller HMSO. Colchester Borough Council holds a Click-uselicense permitting reproduction (License Number: C02W0001762).

The maps in this publication are reproduced from Ordinance Survey material with the permission of Ordinance Survey on behalf ofthe controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office © Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and maylead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Colchester Borough Council 100023706 (2004).The Ordinance Survey mapping included within this publication is provided by Colchester Borough Council under licenceagreement from the Ordinance Survey in order to fulfil its public function as the local authority. Persons viewing this mappingshould contact Ordinance Survey copyright for advice where they wish to licence Ordinance Survey mapping for their own use.

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(iii) WARD SUMMARIES

The following pages contain a brief ward based summary of each section from this profile. This is intended to give an overallpicture of each of the four ‘deprived’ wards according to the data analysed in each section of the profile. For conciseness and toavoid duplication, these summaries do not contain data, but signpost back to the section of the profile where the data referencescan be found.

9

Population Summary

Berechurch had:(According to the most recent data – see Chapter 1)

• the lowest actual number of lone parent households withdependent children of the ‘deprived’ wards (Section1.3.1)

• the highest proportion of lone parent households with nodependent children in Colchester (Section 1.3.2)

• a very low proportion of multi-person households ‘allstudents’ (Section 1.3.3)

• the joint lowest proportion of multi-person households,all other, along with Harbour, out of the ‘deprived’ wards– although this was exactly equal to the Colchesteraverage (Section 1.3.4)

• a lower proportion of people from minority ethnic groupsthan the Colchester average (Section 1.4)

• the joint lowest proportion of people that had ‘no religion’out of the ‘deprived’ wards (Section 1.5.2)

Harbour had:(According to the most recent data – see Chapter 1)

• the smallest population of the ‘deprived’ wards (Section1.1)

• the smallest proportion of people in the working agepopulation (aged 16-74) of the ‘deprived’ wards (Section1.2.1)

• the smallest number of older people (aged 65+), but thehighest proportion of the ‘deprived’ wards (Section 1.2.1)

• a slightly higher proportion of lone parent householdswith dependent children and lone parent householdswith no dependent children than the Colchesteraverages (Sections 1.3.1 and 1.3.2)

• no multi-person households ‘all students’ (Section 1.3.3)

• the joint lowest proportion of multi-person households‘all other’, along with Berechurch, of the ‘deprived’ wards– although this was exactly equal to the Colchesteraverage (Section 1.3.4)

• a lower than average proportion of people from minorityethnic groups for Colchester (Section 1.4)

• a lower than proportion of Christian people than theColchester average (Section 1.5.1)

• a slightly higher proportion of people that had ‘noreligion’ than the Colchester average (Section 1.5.2)

10

Population Summary (continued)St Andrew’s had:(According to the most recent data – see Chapter 1)

• the second largest population of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 1.1)

• the second highest proportion of working age people(aged 16-74) of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section1.2.1)

• the smallest proportion of older people (aged 65+) of the‘deprived’ wards and fourth lowest of all 27 wards in theborough (Section 1.2)

• the highest level of lone parent households withdependent children of all 27 wards in Colchester, bothnumerically and proportionally (Section 1.3.1)

• the second highest proportion of lone parent householdswith no dependent children of all 27 wards in Colchester(Section 1.3.2)

• the highest level of multi-person households ‘allstudents’, both numerically and proportionally, of all 27wards in Colchester (Section 1.3.3)

• the highest proportion of multi-person households ‘allother’ of the ‘deprived’ wards, and third highest of all 27wards in the borough (Section 1.3.4)

• the highest proportion of people from minority ethnicgroups of the ‘deprived’ wards, and the second highestof all 27 wards in the borough (Section 1.4)

• the lowest proportion of Christian people of the‘deprived’ wards (Section 1.5.1)

• the highest proportion of people that had no religion ofthe ‘deprived’ wards and fourth highest of all 27 wards inthe borough (Section 1.5.2)

St Anne’s had:(According to the most recent data – see Chapter 1)

• a large population – the third largest of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 1.1)

• the highest proportion of working age people (aged 16-74) of the ‘deprived’ wards (Section 1.2.1

• the largest actual number of older people (aged 65+) ofthe ‘deprived’ wards (Section 1.2)

• the lowest proportion of lone parent households, bothwith dependent children and with no dependent childrenof the ‘deprived’ wards (Sections 1.3.1 and 1.3.2)

• a slightly higher proportion of multi-person households‘all students’ than the Colchester average (Section1.3.3)

• a slightly higher proportion of multi-person households‘all other’ than the Colchester average (Section 1.3.4)

• a slightly lower proportion of people from minority ethnicgroups than the Colchester average (Section 1.4)

• the highest proportion of Christian people in itspopulation of the ‘deprived’ wards, although marginallylower than the Colchester average (Section 1.5.1)

• the joint lowest proportion of people that had ‘no religion’of the ‘deprived’ wards (along with Berechurch),although this was slightly higher than the Colchesteraverage (Section 1.5.2) ’

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Employment and Unemployment SummaryBerechurch had:(According to the most recent data – see Chapter 2)

• the highest proportion of people in full time employmentout of the ‘deprived’ wards (Section 2.1.1)

• a slightly higher proportion of part time employees thanthe Colchester average (Section 2.1.2)

• the highest number of people that were self employed,and the joint highest proportion, of the four ‘deprived’wards (along with Harbour), but fewer than theColchester average (Section 2.1.3)

• the fewest employment deprived people of the ‘deprived’wards, although it ranked fifth highest of all 27 wards inthe borough (Section 2.2)

• the lowest proportion of economically active people thatwere unemployed of the 'deprived’ wards, although itwas slightly higher than the Colchester average (Section2.3.1)

• a slightly lower proportion of young people (aged 16-24)in its unemployed population than the Colchesteraverage (Section 2.3.2a)

• a slightly higher proportion of people that wereunemployed in its young population (aged 16-24) thanthe Colchester average (Section 2.3.2b)

• a slightly lower proportion of older people (aged 50+)that were unemployed than the Colchester average(Section 2.3.3)

• a marginally higher than the Colchester average level ofpeople that were long term unemployed (Section 2.3.4)


• a marginally higher proportion of people in full timeemployment than the Colchester average (Section 2.1.1)

• the highest proportion of people in part time employmentof the ‘deprived’ wards (Section 2.1.2)

• the joint highest proportion of people that were selfemployed of the four ‘deprived’ wards (along withHarbour), but fewer than the Colchester average(Section 2.1.3)

• the second highest level of employment deprived peopleof all wards in Colchester (Section 2.2)

• the joint second highest proportion of unemployedpeople in the economically active population (along withNew Town) of all wards in the borough (Section 2.3.1)

• a slightly lower proportion of young people (aged 16-24)in its unemployed population than the Colchesteraverage (Section 2.3.2a)

• the highest proportion of people that were unemployedin its young population (aged 16-24) of all wards inColchester (Section 2.3.2b).

• the highest proportion of older people (aged 50+) thatwere unemployed of the ‘deprived’ wards – which wasexactly equal to the Colchester average (Section 2.3.3)

• the lowest proportion of people that were long termunemployed of the ‘deprived’ wards, which wasmarginally higher than the Colchester average (Section2.3.4)

12

Employment and Unemployment Summary (continued)

St Andrew’s had:(According to the most recent data – see Chapter 2)

• the second lowest proportion of people in full timeemployment of all 27 wards in the borough (Section2.1.1)

• marginally fewer people in part time employment thanthe Colchester average (Section 2.1.2)

• the second lowest proportion of people that were self-employed of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 2.1.3)

• the highest proportion of employment deprived people ofall 27 wards in Colchester (Section 2.2)

• the highest proportion of unemployed people in theeconomically active population (aged 16-74) of all 27wards in Colchester (Section 2.3)

• the highest level of young people (aged 16-24) in itsunemployed population, both numerically andproportionally, of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section2.3.2a)

• the fifth highest proportion of unemployed people in itsyoung population (aged 16-24) of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 2.3.2b)

• the lowest proportion of older people (aged 50+) thatwere unemployed of the ‘deprived’ wards and the thirdlowest of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 2.3.3)

• the second highest proportion of people that were longterm unemployed in its unemployed population of allwards in the borough (Section 2.2.4)


• only a marginally lower proportion of people in full timeemployment than the Colchester average (Section 2.1.1)

• marginally more people in part time employment thanthe Colchester average (Section 2.1.2)

• a slightly lower proportion of people that were selfemployed than the Colchester average – the fifth lowestof all 27 wards in the borough (Section 2.1.3)

• the fourth highest proportion of employment deprivedpeople of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 2.2)

• a higher proportion of unemployed people in theeconomically active population than the Colchesteraverage (Section 2.3)

• the lowest proportion of young people (aged 16-24) in itsunemployed population of the ‘deprived’ wards – butslightly higher than the Colchester average (Section2.3.2a)

• a higher proportion of unemployed people in its youngpopulation (aged 16-24) than the Colchester average(Section 2.3.2b)

• a lower proportion of older people (aged 50+) that wereunemployed than the Colchester average (Section 2.3.3)

• a slightly higher proportion of people that were long termunemployed than the Colchester average (Section 2.3.4)

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VAT Registered Enterprises and Economic Inactivity Summary

Berechurch had:(According to the most recent data – see Chapter 2)• the fourth lowest number of VAT registered enterprises

of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 2.4.1) - all ofwhich had under 50 employees (Section 2.4.2)

• a slightly lower proportion of people that wereeconomically inactive than the Colchester average(Section 2.5.1)

• a lower proportion of people that were economicallyinactive ‘retired’ than the Colchester average (Section2.5.2)

• the lowest proportion of economically inactive studentsof the ‘deprived’ wards, ranking eighth of all wards inColchester (Section 2.5.3)

• the lowest proportion of economically inactive peoplelooking after the home/family of the ‘deprived’ wards,and was the only one of the ‘deprived’ wards which fellbelow the Colchester average (Section 2.5.4)

• a higher proportion of people that were permanently sickor disabled than the Colchester average (Section 2.5.5)

Harbour had:(According to the most recent data– see Chapter 2)• the second highest number of VAT registered of all 27

wards in Colchester (Section 2.1.4) – the majority ofwhich had less than 50 employees

• a few VAT registered enterprises in the largeremployee size-band (50-249 employees) (Section2.4.2)

• a slightly lower proportion of people that wereeconomically inactive than the Colchester average(Section 2.5.1)

• the highest proportion of people that wereeconomically inactive ‘retired’ of the four ‘deprived’wards, however, this was lower than the Colchesteraverage (Section 2.5.2)

• a slightly lower proportion of economically inactivestudents than the Colchester average (Section 2.5.3)

• a slightly higher proportion of economically inactivepeople looking after the home/family than theColchester average (Section 2.5.4)

• the lowest proportion of economically inactive peoplethat were permanently sick or disabled of the ‘deprived’wards, but the fourth highest of all Colchester wards(Section 2.5.5)

14

VAT Registered Enterprises and Economic Inactivity Summary (continued)


• the lowest number of VAT registered enterprises of all27 wards in Colchester (Section 2.4.1) - all of which hadunder 50 employees (Section 2.4.2)

• the highest level of economically inactive people of all27 wards in the borough, both proportionally andnumerically (Section 2.4.1)

• the lowest proportion of economically inactive retiredpeople of the ‘deprived’ wards – which was fifth lowestof all 27 wards in the borough (Section 2.5.2)

• the second highest proportion of economically inactivestudents of all 27 wards in Colchester – in fact, nearlythree times the Colchester average (Section 2.5.3)

• the highest number of economically inactive peoplelooking after the home/family of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 2.5.4)

• the highest proportion of economically inactive peoplewho were permanently sick or disabled of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 2.5.5)


• the second lowest number of VAT registered enterprisesof all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 2.4.1) - all ofwhich had under 50 employees (Section 2.4.2)

• a marginally higher proportion of people that wereeconomically inactive than the Colchester average(Section 2.5.1)

• a slightly lower proportion of economically inactiveretired people than the Colchester average (Section2.5.2)

• a slightly lower proportion of economically inactivestudents than Colchester average (Section 2.5.3)

• a slightly higher proportion of economically inactivepeople looking after the home/family than Colchesteraverage (Section 2.5.4)

• a higher proportion of people who were permanentlysick or disabled than the Colchester average (Section2.5.5)

15

Approximated Social Grade Summary


• the second lowest proportion of people in the ‘Higherand Intermediate Managerial / Administrative /Professional’ social grade category of all 27 wards in theborough, and was nearly 10% lower than the Colchesteraverage (Section 2.6.1)

• the second lowest proportion of people in the‘Supervisory, Clerical, Junior Managerial, Administrativeand Professional’ social grade category of all 27 wardsin Colchester (Section 2.6.2)

• the highest proportion of people in the ‘skilled manualworkers’ social grade category of the ‘deprived’ wards,which was third highest of all 27 wards in Colchester(Section 2.6.3)

• the second highest proportion of people in the ‘Semi -Skilled and Unskilled Manual Workers’ social gradecategory of all 27 wards in Colchester, and was nearly10% above the Colchester average (Section 2.6.4)

• the fourth highest number of people in the ‘On StateBenefit, Unemployed or Lowest Grade Workers’ socialgrade category and the fifth highest proportion of all 27wards in Colchester (Section 2.6.5


• the third lowest proportion of people in the ‘Higher andIntermediate Managerial / Administrative / Professional’social grade category of all 27 wards in the borough,and was nearly 10% lower than the Colchester average(Section 2.6.1)

• only a slightly smaller proportion of people in the‘Supervisory, Clerical, Junior managerial, Administrativeand Professional’ social grade category than theColchester average, yet it ranked fifth lowest of all 27wards in the borough (Section 2.6.2)

• a higher proportion of skilled manual workers than theColchester average (Section 2.6.3)

• the third highest proportion people in the ‘Semi - Skilledand Unskilled Manual Workers’ social grade category ofall 27 wards in Colchester, and was nearly 5% abovethe Colchester average (Section 2.6.4)

• the fourth highest proportion of people in the ‘On StateBenefit, Unemployed or Lowest Grade Workers’ socialgrade category of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section2.6.5)

16

Social Grade Summary (continued)


• the lowest proportion of people in the ‘Higher andIntermediate Managerial / Administrative / Professional’social grade category of all 27 wards in Colchester, andwas some 15% below the Colchester average (Section2.6.1)

• the lowest proportion of people in the ‘Supervisory,Clerical, Junior Managerial, Administrative andProfessional’ social grade category of all 27 wards inColchester, and was some 10% below the Colchesteraverage (Section 2.6.2)

• a slightly higher proportion of people in the ‘skilledmanual workers’ social grade category than theColchester average (Section 2.6.3)

• the highest level of people in the ‘Semi - Skilled andUnskilled Manual Workers’ social grade category of all27 wards in Colchester, and was double the Colchesteraverage proportion (Section 2.6.4)

• the highest proportion of people in the ‘On State Benefit,Unemployed or Lowest Grade Workers’ social gradecategory of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 2.6.5)


• the highest proportion of people in the ‘Higher andIntermediate Managerial / Administrative / Professional’social grade category of the ‘deprived’ wards, yet thiswas still the fifth lowest of all 27 wards in Colchester(Section 2.6.1)

• the highest proportion of people in the ‘Supervisory,Clerical, Junior Managerial, Administrative andProfessional’ social grade category of the ‘deprived’wards, yet this was still the sixth lowest of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 2.6.2)

• a marginally higher proportion of skilled manual workersthan the Colchester average (Section 2.6.3)

• the fifth highest proportion of people in the ‘Semi -Skilled and Unskilled Manual Workers’ social gradecategory of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 2.6.4)

• a slightly highest proportion of people in the ‘On StateBenefit, Unemployed or Lowest Grade Workers’ socialgrade category than the Colchester average and wassixth highest of all 27 wards in the borough (Section2.6.5)

17

Education, Skills and Training Summary


• the fourth lowest proportion of students aged 16-17 of all27 wards in Colchester (Section 3.1.1)

• the lowest proportion of students aged 18-74 of the‘deprived’ wards and less than half the Colchesteraverage (Section 3.1.2)

• the lowest proportion of people aged 16-60 with poorliteracy skills of the ‘deprived’ wards, although this wasstill significantly higher than the Colchester average(Section 3.2.1)

• the fourth highest proportion of people aged 16-60 withpoor numeracy skills of all 27 wards in the borough(Section 3.2.2)

• the second highest level of people aged 16-74 inColchester with no qualifications of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 3.3.1)

• the lowest proportion of people aged 16-74 with 5+GCSE’s or equivalent qualifications (including higherlevel qualifications) of all 27 wards in Colchester(Section 3.3.2)

• the fourth lowest proportion of primary school pupils whogained Key Stage 2 scores of level 4 and above of all 27wards in the borough (Section 3.3.3)

• the second highest level of education, skills and trainingdeprivation of all wards in Colchester (Section 3.4)


• the third lowest proportion of students aged 16-17 of all27 wards in Colchester (Section 3.1.1)

• the lowest number of students aged 18-74 of the‘deprived’ wards and less than half the Colchesteraverage (Section 3.1.2)

• the fourth highest proportion of people aged 16-60 withpoor literacy skills of all 27 wards in the borough(Section 3.1.1)

• the fifth highest proportion of people aged 16-60 withpoor numeracy skills of all 27 wards in the borough(Section 3.2.2)

• the fifth highest proportion of people aged 16-74 with noqualifications of all 27 wards in Colchester, butnumerically it ranked just 9 of all 27 wards (Section3.3.1)

• the third lowest proportion of people aged 16-74 with 5+GCSE’s or equivalent qualifications (including higherlevel qualifications) of all 27 wards in Colchester(Section 3.3.2)

• the fifth lowest proportion of primary school pupils whogained Key Stage 2 scores of level 4 and above of all 27wards in the borough (Section 3.3.3)

• the fourth highest level of education, skills and trainingdeprivation of all wards in Colchester (Section 3.4)

18

Education, Skills and Training Summary (continued)


• the lowest proportion of students aged 16-17 of all 27wards in Colchester, however it had the third highestnumber of students in this age group (Section 3.1.1)

• the second highest level of students aged 18-74 of all 27wards in Colchester (Section 3.1.2)

• the highest level of people aged 16-60 with poor literacyskills of all 27 wards in Colchester (Sections 3.2.1)

• the highest level of people aged 16-60 with poornumeracy skills of all 27 wards in Colchester (Sections3.2.2)

• the highest level of people with no qualifications of all 27wards in the borough, in fact, nearly 10% more peoplethan the Colchester average (Section 3.3.1)

• the fourth lowest proportion of people aged 16-75 with5+ GCSE’s or equivalent qualifications (including higherlevel qualifications) of all 27 wards in the borough(Section 3.3.2)

• the lowest proportion of primary school pupils whogained Key Stage 2 scores of level 4 and above of all 27wards in Colchester (Section 3.3.3)

• the highest level of education, skills and trainingdeprivation of all 27 wards in Colchester and the fifthhighest of all 284 wards in Essex (Section 3.4)


• the fifth lowest proportion of students aged 16-17 of all27 wards in Colchester, however it had the secondhighest number of students in this age group (Section3.1.1)

• a slightly lower proportion of students aged 18-74 thanthe Colchester average, but the sixth highest number ofstudents of all 27 wards in the borough (Section 3.1.2)

• the second highest level of people aged 16-60 with poorliteracy skills of all 27 wards in Colchester (Sections3.2.1)

• the second highest level of people aged 16-60 with poornumeracy skills of all 27 wards in Colchester (Sections3.2.2)

• the fifth highest proportion of people with noqualifications of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section3.3.1)

• the highest proportion of people aged 16-75 with 5+GCSE’s or equivalent qualifications (including higherlevel qualifications) of the ‘deprived’ wards, but was thefifth lowest of all 27 wards in the borough (Section 3.3.2)

• a lower proportion of primary school pupils who gainedKey Stage 2 scores of level 4 and above (Section 3.3.3)

• the third highest level of education, skills and trainingdeprivation of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 3.4)

19

Income and Benefits Summary

Berechurch had:(According to the most recent data – see Chapter 4)• the second lowest average level of income of all 27

wards in Colchester (Section 4.1)

• the lowest proportion of older people (aged 65 and over)on income related benefits of the ‘deprived’ wards, buthad the seventh highest of all 27 wards in Colchesterand was well above the borough average (Section 4.2)

• the third highest proportion of people on a low income ofall 27 wards in Colchester (Section 4.3)

• the second highest level of child poverty of all 27 wardsin Colchester, ranking 16 of all 284 wards in Essex(Section 4.4)

• the lowest proportion of Income Support claimants of the‘deprived’ wards, ranking fifth highest of all 27 wards inthe borough (Section 4.5)

• the joint third highest level of lone parents claimingIncome Support, with St Anne’s, of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 4.5.1)

• the fourth highest proportion of Income Supportclaimants with a disability of all 27 wards in Colchester(Section 4.5.2)

• the fourth highest number of Working Family Tax Creditclaimants and the fifth highest proportion of all 27 wardsin Colchester (Section 4.6)


• the highest average level of income of the ‘deprived’wards, but the fifth lowest of all 27 wards in Colchester(Section 4.1)

• the highest proportion of older people (aged 65 andover) on income related benefits of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 4.2)

• the lowest proportion of people on a low income of the‘deprived’ wards, but the fourth highest of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 4.3)

• the third highest level of child poverty of all 27 wards inColchester ranking 18 of all 284 wards in Essex (Section4.4)

• the lowest number of Income Support claimants of the‘deprived’ wards, but proportionally it had the secondhighest level of claimants of all 27 wards in the borough(Section 4.5)

• the second highest level of lone parents claimingIncome Support, of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section4.5.1)

• the third highest proportion of Income Support claimantswith a disability of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section4.5.2)

• a higher proportion of Working Family Tax Creditclaimants than the Colchester average (Section 4.6)

20

Income and Benefits Summary (continued)

St Andrew’s had:(According to the most recent data – see Chapter 4)• the lowest average level of income of all 27 wards in

Colchester (Section 4.1)

• the third highest proportion of older people (aged 65 andover) on income related benefits of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 4.2)

• the highest proportion of people on a low income of all284 wards in Essex (Section 4.3)

• the second highest level of child poverty of all 284 wardsin Essex (Section 4.4)

• the highest level of Income Support claimants, bothnumerically and proportionally, of all 27 wards in theborough (Section 4.5)

• the highest level of lone parents claiming IncomeSupport, both proportionally and numerically, of all 27wards in Colchester (Section 4.5.1)

• the highest level of Income Support claimants with adisability, both proportionally and numerically, of all 27wards in Colchester (Section 4.5.2)

• the highest level of Working Family Tax Creditclaimants, both proportionally and numerically, of all 27wards in Colchester (Section 4.6)

St Anne’s had:(According to the most recent data – see Chapter 4)• the third lowest average level of income of all 27 wards

in Colchester (Section 4.1)

• the fourth highest proportion of older people (aged 65and over) on income related benefits of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 4.2)

• the second highest proportion of people on a low incomeof all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 4.3)

• the fifth highest level of child poverty of all 27 wards inColchester, ranking 20 of all 284 wards in Essex(Section 4.4)

• the third highest proportion of Income Support claimantsof all 27 wards in the borough (Section 4.5)

• a higher proportion of lone parents claiming IncomeSupport than the Colchester average (Section 4.5.1)

• joint fifth highest proportion of Income Support claimantswith a disability, along with New Town, of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 4.5.2)

• the third highest proportion of Working Family Tax Creditclaimants of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 4.6)

21

Health and Disability Summary

Berechurch had:(According to the most recent data see Chapter 5)

• the second highest level of health deprivation anddisability of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 5.1)

• a higher proportion of people with a limiting long-termillness than the Colchester average (Section 5.2)

• the second highest level of people claiming DisabilityLiving Allowance of the four ‘deprived’ wards (Section5.3.1)

• the lowest proportion of Attendance Allowance claimantsof the ‘deprived’ wards, although the proportion ofclaimants was slightly higher than the Colchesteraverage (Section 5.3.2)

• the lowest number of conceptions in the population agedunder 18 of all four ‘deprived’ wards, ranking seven of all27 wards in Colchester (Section 5.4.1)

• the lowest number of conceptions for women agedunder 20 of the ‘deprived’ wards, ranking 7 of all 27wards in the borough (Section 5.4.2)

• the fifth highest conception rates for women of all agesof all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 5.4.3)

Harbour had:(According to the most recent data see Chapter 5)

• the third highest level of health deprivation and disabilityof all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 5.1)

• the highest level of people with a limiting long-termillness of the ‘deprived’ wards – the second highest inColchester after West Mersea (Section 5.2)

• the fourth highest proportion of people claimingDisability Living Allowance of all 27 wards in Colchester(Section 5.3.1)

• a higher proportion of Attendance Allowance claimantsthan the Colchester average (Section 5.3.2)

• the fourth highest number of conceptions in thepopulation aged under 18 of all 27 wards in Colchester(Section 5.4.1)

• the second highest conception rate for women agedunder 20 of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 5.4.2)

• the lowest conception rate for women of all ages of thedeprived wards, ranking seven of all 27 wards inColchester (Section 5.4.3)

22

Health and Disability Summary (continued)

St Andrew’s had:(According to the most recent data see Chapter 5)

• the highest level of health deprivation and disability of all27 wards in Colchester and sixth highest of all 284wards in Essex (Section 5.1)

• the fourth highest level of people with a limiting long-term illness of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 5.2)

• the highest level of people claiming Disability LivingAllowance, both proportionally and numerically, of all 27wards in the borough (Section 5.3.1)

• the highest proportion of Attendance Allowanceclaimants of the ‘deprived’ wards, ranking 6 of all 27wards in Colchester (Section 5.3.2)

• the highest number of conceptions in the populationaged under 18 of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section5.4.1)

• the highest number of conceptions for women agedunder 20 of all 27 wards in the borough (Section 5.4.2)

• the third highest conception rates for women of all agesof all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 5.4.3)

St Anne’s had:(According to the most recent data see Chapter 5)

• the fourth highest level of health deprivation anddisability of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 5.1)

• the sixth highest level of people with a limiting long-termillness of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 5.2)

• the fifth highest proportion of people claiming DisabilityLiving Allowance and the third highest actual number ofclaimants of all 27 wards in the borough (Section 5.3.1)

• the second highest proportion of Attendance Allowanceclaimants of the ‘deprived’ wards, ranking 7 of all 27wards in Colchester (Section 5.3.2)

• the second lowest number of conceptions in thepopulation aged under 18 of the ‘deprived’ wards andwas sixth highest of all 27 wards in Colchester (Section5.4.1)

• joint third highest number of conceptions for womenaged under 20, along with Highwoods and Lexden, of all27 wards in the borough (Section 5.4.2)

• the sixth highest conception rates for women of all agesof all 27 wards in Colchester (Section 5.4.3)

23

1. POPULATION

24

1. POPULATION

1.1 Population• Graph 1 shows that in 2001 there were 9,361 people in

St Andrew’s – making this the largest population of thefour ‘deprived’ wards.

• In fact, St Andrew’s had the second largest wardpopulation of all 27 wards in the borough.

• With 5,701 people, Harbour had the smallest populationof the four ‘deprived’ wards, ranking 13 out of the 27wards in Colchester.

• Shrub End had the highest population in the borough(10,530 people) and Prettygate had the third highest(8,627 people).

Graph 1: Population (all people)

8,367

5,701

9,361 8,763 8,62710,530

02,0004,0006,0008,000

10,00012,00014,000

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Prettygate

Shrub End

(No.

)

Source: Table UV40, 2001 Census, ONS. © Crown Copyright, 2002

25

Table 2: Population by age (Census 2001)Berechurch Harbour St Andrew’s St Anne’s

All % All % All % All %

16-74 6025 72.0 3962 69.5 6852 73.2 6247 71.365+ 1101 13.2 871 15.3 940 10.0 1189 13.6


1.2 Population by age

1.2.1 Working age population* (aged 16-74)

• Table 2 below shows that St Andrew’s had the second highest number of working age people (aged 16-74) of all wards inColchester. In proportional terms, it also had the highest proportion of the ‘deprived’ wards (73.2%), although this rankedjust 12 of all 27 wards in Colchester.

• Harbour had the second lowest proportion of working age people (aged 16-74) of all 27 wards in Colchester (69.5%). Thiswas the lowest of the ‘deprived’ wards.

• Berechurch and St Anne’s had very similar levels of people in their working age populations, both numerically andproportionally. Berechurch had 6,025 people aged 16 to 74 (72.0%), whilst St Anne’s had 6,247 (71.3%).

1.2.2 Older people

• Table 2 also shows that St Andrew’s had the smallest proportion of older people (aged 65+) in its population (10%) of the‘deprived’ wards.

• This was fourth lowest of all 27 wards in the borough and was well below the Colchester average of 14.7%.

• Harbour had the smallest actual number of older people (aged 65+) of the ‘deprived’ wards, however, with 871 people aged65 and above, compared to 940 in St Andrew’s.

• Proportionally, however, Harbour had the highest level of older people (aged 65+) of the ‘deprived’ wards (15.3%), althoughthis ranked just 13 of all 27 wards in the borough.

• St Anne’s had the largest actual number of older people (1189).

* Throughout this document, ‘working age population’ refers to people aged between 16 and 74

26

1.3 Household Composition

1.3.1 Lone parent households with dependent children

• Graph 2 shows that of all 27 wards in the borough, StAndrew’s had the highest level of lone parenthouseholds with dependent children*, bothproportionally and numerically.

• Proportionally, there were 12.7% in St Andrew’s, whichwas more than double the Colchester average of 6.1%and well above the ward with the next highest proportion(Highwoods at 8.9%).

• St Anne’s had the lowest proportion of lone parenthouseholds with dependent children (8.0%) of the‘deprived’ wards, ranking 6 out of all 27 wards in theborough.

• Berechurch had the lowest actual number of lone parenthouseholds with dependent children (264 households),ranking 6 of all wards in the borough.

• New Town had the second highest number of loneparent households with dependent children (299households) and Highwoods had the third highest (296households).

• In proportional terms, Highwoods had the secondhighest level (8.9%) and East Donyland had the thirdhighest (8.3%).

* ‘Dependent children’ in the 2001 Census were children under 16 years; or under 19 and in full time education


Graph 2: Lone parent households with dependent children

8.2 8.2 8.9 7.8 6.1 5.8 5.8 7.18.3

8.012.7

296 29983287489

202264

0369

1215

(%)

0

200

400

600

(No.

)

Proportion households (%) Actual number

27

Graph 3: Lone parent households with no dependent children

4.3 3.0 3.6 3.6 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.34.2 2.73.2

113137

79

163

99108 72

0

2

4

6

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Shrub End

Tiptree

West

Bergholt

Colchester

Essex

East

England(%)

50

75

100125

150

175

(No.

)



1.3.2 Lone parent households with dependent children

• Graph 3 shows that St Andrew’s had the highest numberof lone parent households with no dependent children inColchester.

• Proportionally, however, Berechurch had slightly morelone parents with no dependent children at 4.3%compared to the 4.2% in St Andrew’s.

• Of the ‘deprived’ wards, St Anne’s had the smallestproportion of lone parent households with no dependentchildren (2.7%), ranking 13 overall in the borough.

• In proportional terms, Tiptree and West Mersea had thethird and fourth highest levels of lone parent householdswith no dependent children at 3.6%.

• In numerical terms, Shrub End had third highest level oflone parent households with no dependent children (113households) and Tiptree had fourth highest (108households).

28

1.3.3 Multi - person households, ‘all students’

• Graph 4 shows that in 2001, St Andrew’s had a largeproportion of ‘all students’ multi – person households at4.4%, compared to the other ’deprived’ wards, as well asthe England (0.4%) and regional (0.2%) averages.

• This was highest proportion in the borough – numericallyas well as proportionally.

• At 0.9%, the proportion of ‘all students’ multi - personhouseholds in St Anne’s was just above the boroughaverage of 0.6%.

• Harbour had no multi - person households that are allstudents.

• In proportional terms, Wivenhoe Cross had the secondhighest level of multi-person households ‘all students’(2.0%), New Town had the third highest (1.8%) andWivenhoe Quay had the fourth highest (1.7%).

• In numerical terms, New Town had the second highestnumber of multi-person households ‘all students’ (69households) and Wivenhoe Quay had the third highest(36 households).


Graph 4: Multi-person households,all students

0.6 0.1 0.2 0.400.1 1.72.01.80.94.40.9

3369

36203 0

168

31

0

4

8

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Castle

New

Town

WivenhowC

ross

WivenhoeQ

uay

Colchester

Essex

East

England(%)

050100150200

(No.

)


29


Graph 5: Multi-person households,all other

2.3 2.3 5.3 3.4 3.2 5.1 2.3 1.7 2.0 2.63.2 2.4

73 56 12486

187

60 82

196

0123456

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Castle

Christ

Church

Mile End

New

Town

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

0

50

100

150

200

250

(No.

)


1.3.4 Multi – person households*, all other

• Graph 5 shows that in 2001, St Andrew’s had thehighest proportion of all other types of multi – personhouseholds out of the ‘deprived’ wards.

• At 3.2 % this was well above the Colchester average of0.6%.

• In proportional and numerical terms, however, the levelsof multi-person households ‘all other’ in Castle and NewTown were well above those in St Andrew’s.

• In proportional terms, Castle had the highest proportionin the borough at 5.3%, New Town was second highest(5.1%), Christ Church was third highest (3.4%) and MileEnd was joint fourth with St Andrew’s (3.2%).

• In numerical terms, New Town had the highest number(196 households), Castle had the second highest (187households).

30

1.4 Ethnic Group• Graph 6 shows that in 2001, at 11.5%, St Andrew’s had

the second highest proportion of people from minorityethnic groups* in the borough (11.5%).

• This was well above the Colchester average of 7.7%,and even higher than the 5.8% in Essex.

• The proportions of people from minority ethnic groups inthe remaining ‘deprived’ wards were all much closer to,but below, the Colchester average.

• Harbour had the smallest proportion, at 5.1% of thepopulation.

• Wivenhoe Cross had by far the highest proportion ofpeople from ethnic minority groups in its population(43%). Numerically, however, the difference between StAndrew’s (1021 people) and Wivenhoe Cross (1423people) is not so large.

• Significantly, both Wivenhoe Cross and St Andrew’swards also had by far the highest proportions ofstudents aged 18-74 of all 27 wards in Colchester (seeSection 3.1.2).

• In proportional terms, Castle and Christ Church had thethird and fourth highest levels of people from minorityethnic groups of all wards in Colchester.

• In numerical terms, Shrub End and New Town had thethird and fourth highest numbers of people from minorityethnic groups in the borough.

*‘Minority ethnic groups’ include all people thatclassified themselves in ethnicity categories otherthan ‘White British’ in the 2001Census.

These include people that classified themselves as:

• ‘White Irish’• ‘Other White’• ‘Mixed’• ‘Asian/Asian British’• ‘Black/Black British’• ‘Chinese/Other’


Graph 6: Total ethnic minority groups*

5.4 5.1 11.4 10.1 9.2 7.4 43.0 7.7 5.6 8.6 13.16.611.5

1423

762 767407

766

567

1021

284448

0

10

20

30

40

50

Berechurch

Harbour

St Andrew's

St Anne's

Castle

Christ C

hurch

New

Town

Shrub End

WivenhoeC

ross

Colchester

Essex

East

England(%)

0

500

1000

1500

(No.

)

as % all people Actual number

1.5 Religion

According to the 2001 Census, the majority of people in Colchester were either Christian (71.6%) or had ‘no religion’ (18.5%).This section looks exclusively at these populations since the remaining religion categories* amount to very low numbers atward level. Data for these smaller populations tend to be less reliable since the Office for National Statistics (ONS) have madeSmall Cell Adjustments so that individuals cannot be identified.

* The remaining religion categories in the 2001 Censusinclude Buddhist, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh and anyother religion


Graph 7: Christian people

70.2 68.571.6

74.1 72.1 71.770.6

63.86189

5974

3906

5870

566064687276

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Colchester

Essex

East

England(%)

30004000500060007000

(No.

)

as % all people Actual number

1.5.1 Christian people

• Graph 7 shows that at 70.6%, St Anne’s had the highestproportion of Christian people in its population out of thefour ‘deprived’ wards.

• The proportions of Christian people in all four of thesewards, however, were below the averages forColchester (71.6%) and Essex (74.1%).

• Graph 7(a) in Appendix 1 shows how the proportions ofChristian people in the ‘deprived’ wards compares to therest of the borough. Rural wards such as Dedham andLangham tend to have higher Christian populations(81.0%).

• Of the ‘deprived’ wards, St Andrew’s had the lowestproportion of people who described their religion asChristians, at just 63.8%.

• In proportional terms, there were only four wards in theborough with lower levels of Christian people than therewere in St Andrew’s. These were Castle (61.6%), ChristChurch (60.7%), Wivenhoe Cross (60.0%) and NewTown (59.3%).

32

2. EMPLOYMENTAND WORK

2. EMPLOYMENT AND WORK

2.1 Economic Activity2.1.1 Full time employees (aged 16-74)

• Graph 9 shows that all of the ‘deprived’ wards, with theexception of St Andrew’s, were very close to or aboveColchester’s average proportion of economically active*full-time employees (42.1%).

• Berechurch had the highest proportion of people in full-time employment out of the ‘deprived’ wards, at 44.7%,making it the seventh highest ward in Colchester.

• Graph 9(a) overleaf shows that the proportion of full timeemployees in St Andrew’s is the second lowest out of all27 wards in the borough at 31.9%. It is also over 10%below the Colchester average.

• Graph 9(a) also shows that Wivenhoe Cross had by farthe lowest proportion of full time employees at just20.1%. This is less than half the Colchester average(42.0%).

• It is worth noting that Wivenhoe Cross has a largestudent population because of its proximity to theUniversity of Essex. Section 2.4.3 shows that 46.8% ofpeople in Wivenhoe Cross are economically inactivestudents. This student population could account for thelow proportion of economically active people in full timeemployment.

* ‘Economically active’ describes all people aged 16 - 74 whowere working in the week before the 2001 Census. In addition,the category includes people who were not working but werelooking for work and were available to start work within 2weeks. Full-time students who are economically active are alsoincluded.

Source: Table KS09AN, 2001 Census, ONS. © Crown Copyright, 2002

Graph 9: Full-time employees

44.7 42.9 42.1 42.6 40.842.031.9 42.0

2692 17012188

2624

01020304050

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

10001500200025003000

No.


34

Chart 9(a): Full time employees (all wards)

53.7 51.6 51.4 49.2 47.6 45.9 44.7 44.6 44.3 44.2 43.6 42.9 42.0 41.0 41.0 40.9 40.8 40.4 38.7 38.4 37.3 36.5 35.9 34.2 33.4 31.9 20.1

2995

36963457

22772546

885

2692

1368

591753

2408

1701

2624

1482

2279

150715601502

2104

1422

753 757

1373

614

1635

2188

710

15

30

45

60

Highwoo

dsShru

b End

New Tow

nMile

EndCas

tleMark

s Tey

Berech

urch

Christ

Church

Copfor

d and

Wes

t Stan

way

East D

onyla

ndStan

wayHarb

our

St Ann

e's

Birch a

nd W

instre

eTipt

ree

West B

ergho

lt and

Eight A

sh G

reen

St Joh

n's

Wivenh

oe Q

uay

Prettyg

ate

Fordha

m and S

tour

Great T

ey

Dedha

m and L

angh

amLe

xden

Pyefle

et

West M

ersea

St And

rew's

Wivenh

oe C

ross

(%)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

(No.

)



35

Source: Table KS09AN, 2001 Census, ONS. © Crown Copyright,

Graph 10: Part-time workers

13.6 12.8 12.5 12.5 11.813.8 12.6 13.6

821

547

860 847

0

5

10

15

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

400

600

800

1000

(No.

)


2.1.2 Part time employees

• Graph 10 shows that the proportions of economicallyactive part-time employees in all four ‘deprived’ wardswere above the averages for Essex (12.5%), the East(12.5%) and England (11.8%).

• Harbour had the highest proportion of part timeemployees out of the ’deprived’ wards at 13.8%.

• Of the ‘deprived’ wards, St Andrew’s (12.6%) was theonly ward where the proportion of part-time employeeswas marginally below the Colchester average of 12.8%.

• Graph 10(a) overleaf shows that Harbour rankedseventh and St Andrew’s ranked 21 out of all 27 wardsin Colchester.

• In numerical terms, Shrub End had the highest numberof part-time workers (1,000) of all 27 wards inColchester.

• In proportional terms, St John’s had the highest level ofpart-time workers (15.2%) of all 27 wards in theborough.

36

Chart 10(a): Part time workers (all wards)

15.2 14.9 14.6 14.4 14.2 14.0 13.8 13.6 13.6 13.3 13.0 13.0 13.0 12.9 12.9 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.7 12.6 12.5 11.9 11.7 10.7 10.0 6.9

582

810

295245

783

1000

547

821 847

493

251 233

478

634715

171

393

265

488 457

860

463552

652573

675

244

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

St Joh

n'sPret

tygate

Great T

ey

East D

onyla

ndStan

wayShru

b End

Harbou

rBere

churc

hSt A

nne's

Fordha

m and S

tour

Marks T

eyPye

fleet

West B

ergho

lt and

Eight A

sh G

reen

West M

ersea

Tiptree

Copfor

d and

Wes

t Stan

way

Christ

Church

Dedha

m and L

angh

amLe

xden

Birch a

nd W

instre

eSt A

ndrew

's

Wivenh

oe Q

uay

Mile End

Highwoo

dsCas

tleNew

Town

Wivenh

oe C

ross

(%)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

(No.

)

% in population aged 16-74 Actual numbers


37


Graph 11: Self-employed people

7.1 8.7 9.8 9.3 8.37.1 4.8 6.8

426

282 330423

0

10

20

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

100200300400500

(No.

)


2.1.3 Self-employed people

• Graph 11(a) overleaf shows that all four of the ‘deprived’wards had low proportions of people that were self–employed in relation to other wards in Colchester.

• In fact, of all 27 wards in Colchester, St Andrew’s hadthe second lowest proportion of economically active,self-employed people (4.8%).

• Graph 11 shows that this is very low compared to theColchester average of 8.7%, and much lower than theEssex average of 9.8%.

• Of the four ‘deprived’ wards, Berechurch and Harbourjointly had the highest proportions of people that wereself-employed (7.1%), although, this was also below theColchester average.

• In numerical terms, however, Berechurch had a farhigher number of people that were self-employed (426people) than Harbour (282 people).

• Graph 11(a) overleaf also shows that in bothproportional and numerical terms, Wivenhoe Cross hadby far the lowest level of people that were self-employedof all 27 wards. At 3.2%, this amounted to just 114people.

• Again, it is worth noting that Wivenhoe Cross has alarge student population because of its proximity to theUniversity of Essex. Section 2.4.3 shows that 46.8% ofpeople in Wivenhoe Cross are economically inactivestudents. This student population could account for thelow proportion of people that are self-employed in thisward.

38

Chart 11(a): Self employed people (all wards)

16.3 15.8 14.6 14.0 13.4 12.9 12.4 11.3 10.9 10.6 10.5 9.9 9.4 8.6 8.4 8.3 7.8 7.4 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.8 6.3 5.2 4.8 3.2

292318

539

290

484

631

165

417

606

205

401

303349

472

388

142

416 426471

379423

349371

330

114

282281

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

Pyefle

etGrea

t Tey

Fordha

m and S

tour

Dedha

m and L

angh

am

Birch a

nd W

instre

eWes

t Mers

ea

Copfor

d and

Wes

t Stan

way

West B

ergho

lt and

Eight A

sh G

reen

Tiptree

Marks T

eyLe

xden

Christ

Church

Wivenh

oe Q

uay

Stanway

Mile End

East D

onyla

ndCas

tleSt J

ohn's

Harbou

rBere

churc

hNew

Town

Prettyg

ateSt A

nne's

Highwoo

dsShru

b End

St And

rew's

Wivenh

oe C

ross

(%)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

(No.

)

% of people in economically active population Number


2.2 Employment deprivation (ID 2000)• Table 3 shows that, according to the Employment domain in the Index of Multiple Deprivation (2000), St Andrew’s had the

highest proportion of ‘employment deprived’ people out of all wards in Colchester at 10.51%, and was sixth highest of all284 wards in Essex.

• Berechurch had the fewest ‘employment deprived’ people of all four ‘deprived’ wards, although it was still the fifth highest ofall 27 wards in Colchester.

• Castle also had a high score for employment deprivation (11.08%). In fact, it had the third highest proportion of‘employment deprived’ people out of all 27 wards in Colchester.

Table 3: Employment deprivation * (ID 2000)Berechurch Harbour St Andrew’s St Anne’s Castle

Score(%)

10.51 11.10 17.04 10.94 11.08

Essex Rank(out of 284 wards)

52 41 6 45 50

Colchester rank(out of 27 wards)

5 2 1 4 3

Source: Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions, Indices of Deprivation 2000 ©Crown Copyright, 2002

Employment deprivation is one domain within the Index of Multiple Deprivation (2000). ‘Employment deprived’ are defined asthose who want to work but are unable to do so through unemployment, sickness or disability. The domain measures forcedexclusion from the world of work. This is seen as a separate deprivation from the income deprivation to which lack ofemployment may lead. The indicators in this domain constitute non-overlapping counts of those excluded from the labour marketthrough unemployment, ill health or disability.(Source: Indices of Deprivation (2000), Regeneration Research Summary, Number 31, 2000).

The table above shows the proportion of people that are classified as being employment deprived. Additionally, the score foreach ward is ranked in relation to the 284 wards in Essex and the 27 wards in Colchester, where the ward with a rank of 1 wasthe most deprived ward.

2.3 Unemployed people*

2.3.1 Unemployed people (as % people aged 16-74)

• Graph 12 shows that, of all the wards in Colchester, StAndrew’s had the highest proportion of people that wereunemployed (4.0%).

• This is well above the averages for Colchester (2.3%),Essex (2.5%) and East of England (2.6%).

• All four of the ‘deprived’ wards have a higher level ofunemployment than the Colchester average, StAndrew’s is the only ‘deprived’ ward whereunemployment is higher than the England average(5.0%).

• In proportional terms, New Town (3.3%) and ChristChurch (2.9%) also had high levels of unemployedpeople in their population aged 16-74.

• In numerical terms, Shrub End had the third highestnumber of unemployed people of all 27 wards inColchester (195 people).

*Unemployed people are not in employment, but are available to start work in the next 2 weeks and have eitherlooked for work in the last 4 weeks or are waiting to start a new job (2001 Census).

Graph 12: Unemployed people

2.9 3.4 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.6 3.42.6 2.94.03.3

225 19590

183

277

129155

0

2

4

6

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Christ

Church

New

Town

Shrub End

Colchester

Essex

East

England(%)

0

100

200

300

(No.

)

as % in population aged 16-74 Actual number

Source: Table KS09HP, 2001 Census, ONS. © Crown Copyright, 2002

41

2.3.2 Young people and unemployment


a) Young people (aged 16-24) (as % unemployed population)

• Graph 13 shows that St Andrew’s had the highestnumber of people aged 16 to 24 that were unemployedout of all wards in the borough (98 people).

• St Andrew’s also had the highest proportion of peopleaged between 16 and 24 years in its unemployedpopulation at 35.4%.

• This is far higher than the average for Colchester(26.9%).

• In fact, all four of the ‘deprived’ wards had a higherthan average proportion of young people in theirunemployed populations.

• St Anne’s had the lowest proportion at 27.3% out of the‘deprived’ wards, ranking 11 out of all 27 wards in theborough.

• Numerically, however, St Anne’s had the secondhighest number of people aged 16 to 24 that wereunemployed of the ‘deprived’ wards (50 people), whichwas fourth highest in the borough.

• In proportional terms, Stanway had the second highestlevel of young people in their unemployed population(32.0%), St John’s had the third highest (31.7%) andWest Bergholt had the fourth highest (30.8%).

• In numerical terms, New Town had the second highestnumber of young people that were unemployed (69people) and Shrub End had the third highest (57people).

Graph 13: People aged 16-24 in unemployed population

31.7 32.0 26.9 26.3 26.0 25.730.829.230.728.4 27.335.428.7

243219576950

98

3744

0

10

20

30

40

Berechurch

Harbour

St Andrew's

St Anne's

New

Town

Shrub End

St John's

Stanway

West Bergholt and

Eight Ash Green

Colchester

Essex

East

England( %)

0

25

50

75

100

(No.

)

as % unemployed population aged 16-74 Actual number

42


Graph 14: Unemployed in population aged 16-24

4.3 6.3 5.1 4.7 5.5 5.5 4.2 4.0 5.2 3.8 4.8 4.8 5.7

2457

69142650

98

3744

02468

10

( %)

025

5075

100

(No.

)


b) Unemployed young people (aged 16-24)

• Graph 14 shows that Harbour had the highestproportion of people that were unemployed in thepopulation aged 16-24 out of all wards in Colchester.

• At 6.3%, this was well above the averages forColchester (3.8%) and Essex (4.8%), but onlyslightly higher than the national average (5.7%).

• All four of the ‘deprived’ wards had a higherproportion of unemployed young people than theColchester average.

• In proportional terms, Christ Church (5.5%) MarksTey (5.5%) and West Bergholt and Eight Ash Green(5.2%) had high proportions of unemployed people intheir populations aged 16-24.

43

2.3.3 Unemployed older people (aged 50+)

• Graph 15 shows that of the ‘deprived’ wards, StAndrew’s had the lowest proportion of unemployedpeople aged 50 and above (10.5%).

• Numerically, however, St Andrew’s had the secondhighest number of unemployed people aged 50 andabove out of all wards in the borough (29 people).

• Harbour had the highest proportion of unemployedpeople aged 50 and above (17.8%) out of the ‘deprived’wards.

• This is identical to the borough average and below theEngland average of 18.6%.

• Graph 15(a) overleaf shows that this is relatively lowcompared to other wards in the borough, however,ranking just 16 out of 27.

• In proportional terms, rural wards such as Dedham andLangham, Great Tey and Birch and Winstree had thehighest levels of older people in their unemployedpopulations at 40.6%, 31.9% and 35.4% respectively.

• In numerical terms, however, Tiptree had more olderpeople that were unemployed than any other ward inColchester. With 37 people, this is nearly three times thenumber in Dedham and Langham – the ward with thehighest proportion of unemployed older people.

Graph 15: People aged 50+ in unemployed population

20.8 18.621.317.815.5 13.110.517.8

2429

2324

0

10

20

30

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Colchester

Essex

East

England

( %)

0

10

20

30

(No.

)

% in unemployed population aged 16-74 Actual number

N.B. It was not possible to calculate the proportion of peoplethat are unemployed in the older population as a whole (i.e.aged 50 and above) because the ONS age categories wereincompatible with the ONS unemployment data categories.


44

Grapg 15(a): Older people in unemployed population (aged 50+)

40.6 39.1 35.4 31.8 29.6 28.1 25.6 25.0 24.5 24.2 21.9 21.0 18.3 18.2 18.1 17.8 17.8 17.4 17.2 15.5 14.6 14.3 13.1 11.6 10.5 8.6 8.2

13

9

23

27

37

9

20

14

23

8

16

21

11

4

13

23

16

8

16

24

20 2124

2629

3

16

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Dedha

m and L

angh

amGrea

t Tey

Birch a

nd W

instre

eWes

t Mers

eaTipt

reePye

fleet

West B

ergho

lt and

Eight A

sh G

reen

Fordha

m and S

tour

Prettyg

ate

Wivenh

oe C

ross

Lexd

enStan

waySt J

ohn's

Copfor

d and

Wes

t Stan

wayMile

EndHarb

our

Christ

Church

Marks T

ey

Wivenh

oe Q

uay

Berech

urch

Highwoo

dsCas

tleSt A

nne's

New Tow

nSt A

ndrew

's

East D

onyla

ndShru

b End

(%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

(No.

)

% in unemployed population number


45

2.3.4 Long-term unemployed*

• Graph 16 shows that Harbour had the lowest proportionof long-term unemployed people in its unemployedpopulation of the ‘deprived’ wards, at 25.6%. This is inline with the average for Colchester (25%).

• St Andrew’s had the second highest proportion ofpeople that were classified as long-term unemployedpeople in its unemployed population (25.8%) inColchester. In numerical terms, this amounts to some 90people.

• In proportional terms, Dedham and Langham had thehighest level in Colchester of long-term unemployedpeople at 40.6%. However, it is worth pointing out thatnumerically this is just 13 people.

• Other wards with high proportions of long-termunemployed people in their populations include GreatTey (30.4%), Lexden (30.1%).

• In numerical terms, New Town had the second highestnumber (63 people) and Highwoods had the fourthhighest (41 people).

*A person was defined as ‘long term unemployed’ if the year they last worked was 1999 or earlier (2001 Census)

Graph 16: Long-term unemployed

40.630.4 29.9 30.1 28.0 25.1 26.5 27.1 30.3

25.8 26.231.1

25.6

632241713

4886

3340

010203040

Berechurch

Harbour

St Andrew's

St Anne's

Dedham

and Langham

Great Tey

Highw

oods

Lexden

New

Town

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%) 0

25

50

75

100

(No.

)

% in unemployed population aged 16-74Actual number


46

2.4 VAT registered enterprises

Inter-Departmental Business Register, Office for National Statistics, March 2000

2.4.1 Total VAT registered enterprises

• Graph 17 shows that Harbour had a total of 305 VATregistered enterprises. This was 7.1% of all VATregistered enterprises in the borough.

• In fact, of all 27 wards in Colchester, Harbour had thesecond highest number of VAT registered enterprises.

• Interestingly, the remaining three ‘deprived’ wards wereat the opposite end of the scale. With just 35 VATregistered enterprises, St Andrew’s had the fewest of allthe wards in Colchester. St Anne’s the second fewestand Berechurch had the fourth fewest of all the wards inColchester.

• Castle ward had the highest level of VAT registeredenterprises in Colchester. With a total of 755, thisaccounts for 17.6% of all VAT registered enterprises inthe borough.

• This is not surprising since Castle is the ward thatincludes the town centre.

Graph 17: Number of VAT Registered Enterprises

356030570

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's(No.

)

47


Graph 18: VAT Registered Enterprises with 1-49 employees

35 60300700

50100150200250300350

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's(No.

)

2.4.2 Employment size-band

• Graph 18 shows that all VAT registered enterprises infour all of the ‘deprived’ wards were reasonably small,with less than 50 employees.

• The only exception to this is in Harbour ward where 300out of the total 305 VAT registered enterprises had lessthan 50 employees.

• Graph 19 shows that the remaining five VAT registeredenterprises in Harbour had between 50-249 employees.

• Harbour ward was the only one of the ‘deprived’ wardsthat had VAT registered enterprises of this size-band. Infact, it was one of just six wards in the borough that hadVAT registered enterprises of this size-band.

Graph 19: VAT Resgistered Enterprises with 50-249 employees

0

5

0 00

1

2

3

4

5

6

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

(No.

)


48

2.5 Economic Inactivity

2.5.1 Economically inactive* (aged 16-74)

• Graph 20 shows that, according to the 2001 Census, StAndrew’s had the highest number of people that wereeconomically inactive out of the four ‘deprived’ wards(2,890 people).

• Proportionally, it also had the second highest level ofeconomically inactive people (42.2%). This is wellabove the Colchester average of 31.3%.

• At 31.7%, St Anne’s also had a higher level ofeconomically inactive people than the Colchesteraverage, ranking 8 in the borough.

• In proportional terms, Wivenhoe Cross had the highestlevel of economically inactive people out of all 27wards, at 57.7%.

• Other wards which had higher than averageproportions of economic inactivity in the boroughinclude West Mersea (37.3%), Lexden (36.5%) andPrettygate (34.7%).

• In numerical terms, Wivenhoe Cross had the secondhighest level of economic inactivity (2,042 people) andPrettygate had the fourth highest (1,887 people).

* According to the 2001 Census, the ‘economically inactive’ population included people aged 16-74 that were retired,students (excluding those students who were working or in some other way were economically active), looking after family/home, and permanently sick/ disabled. Additionally, a person who is looking for work but is not available to start work within twoweeks is counted as economically inactive.


Graph 20: Economically inactive

30.0 30.5 36.5 34.7 37.3 57.7 31.3 31.2 30.8 33.131.742.2

18281398

20421887

1983

2890

12071086

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Berechurch

Harbour

St Andrew's

St Anne's

Lexden

Prettygate

West

Mersea

WivenhoeC

ross

Colchester

Essex

East

England(%)

0

1000

2000

3000

(No.

)



49

2.5.2 Economically inactive retired people

• Graph 21 shows that, at 11.8%, Harbour had the highestproportion of economically inactive retired people aged16-74 out of the four ‘deprived’ wards. However, thisranked just 16 out of all wards in Colchester.

• Interestingly, Harbour also had the highest level ofpeople aged 65+ on means tested benefits of all 27wards in the borough according to the Help the AgedIncome Index 2003 (see Section 4.2).

• The proportion of economically inactive retired peopleaged 16-74 in Berechurch was very close to that ofHarbour at 11.7%.

• St Andrew’s had the lowest proportion of economicallyinactive retired people out of the ‘deprived’ wards at8.7%, ranking 23 of the 27 wards in Colchester.

• Although there were fewer economically inactive retiredpeople in St Andrew’s, this had the third highest level ofpeople aged 65+ on means tested benefits in theborough according to the Help the Aged Income Index2003 (see Section 4.2).

• All of the four ‘deprived’ wards fell below the Colchesteraverage of 12.6% for economically inactive retiredpeople.

N.B. The fact that people are economically inactive does not necessarily mean that they are also socially excluded. Economicinactivity is a broad category that encompass’ a wide range of people. Although certain segments of the economically inactivepopulation might experience greater ‘deprivation’, the social and economic circumstances of people within and between each ofthese categories can vary enormously.

Below is a more detailed analysis of economic inactivity in the four deprived wards. Economic inactivity data is cross-matchedwith other data to gain a more comprehensive picture of the characteristics of each ward.


Graph 21: Economically inactive -retired people

13.514.014.611.8 12.611.7 11.28.7

698593

469707

0.05.0

10.015.020.025.0

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Colchester

Essex

East

England(%)

0

500

1000

(No.

)


• Graph 21(a) overleaf shows that the highest levels ofeconomically inactive retired people live in West Mersea(22.3%) and Prettygate (19.6%).

• Interestingly, according to the Help the Aged (2003)Income Index for Older People, West Mersea andPrettygate had the lowest proportions of people aged65+ on income related benefits out of all wards inColchester.

50

Graph 21 (a): Economically inactive - retired in population 16-74

22.3 19.6 18.4 18.2 17.2 16.1 15.6 15.4 14.7 13.6 13.6 13.5 13.5 12.2 12.1 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.7 11.2 11.0 9.5 8.7 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.3

10911063

701 695

357288

865

567

812

507

274

488 498

236 206

469

632

157

707 698

509

291

593536

388440

224

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

West M

ersea

Prettyg

ateSt J

ohn's

Lexd

en

Dedha

m and L

angh

amPye

fleet

Tiptree

West B

ergho

lt and

Eight A

sh G

reen

Stanway

Wivenh

oe Q

uay

Great T

ey

Birch a

nd W

instre

e

Fordha

m and S

tour

Marks T

ey

East D

onyla

ndHarb

our

Castle

Copfor

d and

Wes

t Stan

wayBere

churc

hSt A

nne's

Mile End

Christ

Church

St And

rew's

Shrub E

ndHigh

woods

New Tow

n

Wivenh

oe C

ross

(%)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

(No.

)

% in population aged 16-74 No.


51

2.5.3 Economically inactive students(in population aged 16-74)

• Graph 22 shows that St Andrew’s had the secondhighest proportion of economically inactive students ofall wards in the borough at 13.9%. This is well above theColchester average of 5.6%.

• The level of economically inactive students in StAndrew’s is not surprising since it is situated adjacent toWivenhoe Cross ward, where the University of Essex islocated.

• Berechurch had the lowest proportion of economicallyinactive students out of the ‘deprived’ wards at 2.6%,ranking 23 out of all 27 wards in the borough.Geographically, this is also furthest from the Universityof the four ‘deprived’ wards.

• In proportional terms, Wivenhoe Cross had, by far, thehighest proportion of economically inactive students at46.8%. As noted above, this is to be expected since theUniversity of Essex is located in Wivenhoe Cross.

• Other wards that had high proportions of economicallyinactive students include Wivenhoe Quay, which had thethird highest (7.5%), and New Town, which had thefourth highest (7.3%).

• In numerical terms, the third and fourth highest numbersof economically inactive students in the borough werelocated in New Town (493 people) and Castle (313people).


Graph 22: Economically inactive students

2.6 2.8 46.8 3.0 3.6 4.75.9 7.3

5.67.5

13.94.9

278

493313

1656

156 110

950308

0

10

20

30

40

50

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Castle

New

Town

WivenhowC

ross

WivenhowQ

uay

Colchester

Essex

East

England(%)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

(No.

)


52


Graph 23: Economically inactive people looking after the home/family

6.5 7.2 6.7 6.58.3 7.07.26.4 8.5 8.3 7.6 8.2

309

425384

285

566438

177

588

0

4

8

12

16

20

Berechurch

Harbour

St Andrew's

St Anne's

Dedham

andLangham

Fordhamand Stour

Highw

oods

Shrub End

Colchester

Essex

East

England(%)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

(No.

)


2.5.4 Economically inactive looking after the home/family(as % population aged 16-74)

• Graph 23 shows that in 2001, St Andrew’s had thehighest number of people aged 16-74 that wereeconomically inactive and looking after the home orfamily (566 people)

• At 8.3%, this was jointly the second highest in theborough in proportional terms.

• This was well above the Colchester average of 6.5%. Itwas also higher than the averages for Essex (7.2%) andEngland (6.5%).

• In fact, of the four ‘deprived’ wards, Berechurch was theonly ward where the proportion of people that wereeconomically inactive looking after the home or familyfell below the Colchester average.

• In proportional terms, other wards with high levels ofeconomically inactive people looking after thehome/family include Dedham and Langham (8.5%),Fordham and Stour (8.3%) and Shrub End (8.2%).

• In numerical terms, other wards with higher numbers ofeconomically inactive people looking after thehome/family include Shrub End (588 people) andHighwoods (425 people).

53

2.5.5 Economically inactive people that were permanentlysick/disabled

• Graph 24 shows that of all the wards in Colchester, StAndrew’s had the highest proportion of people who werepermanently sick or disabled (8.1%).

• This is almost double the Colchester average of 4.3%.

• Numerically, there are also far more people that areeconomically active permanently sick or disabled in StAndrew’s than in the other wards, at 557 people.

• The proportions of people that are permanently sick ordisabled are above the averages for Colchester (4.3%),Essex (4.0%), East of England (3.9%) and England(5.3%).

• Of the four deprived wards, the lowest level of economicinactivity due to people being permanently sick ordisabled was in Harbour at 5.4%. However, it isinteresting to note that this was the fourth highest of allwards in Colchester.

• In numerical terms, New Town had the fourth highestnumber of people that are being permanently sick ordisabled in the borough.


Graph 24: Economically inactive - permanently sick/disabled

5.33.94.04.34.15.5 5.4 5.88.1

273359

557

213

331

0

4

8

12

16

20

(%)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

(No.

)


54

2.6 Approximated social grade*

2.6.1: Higher and intermediate:managerial/administrative/professional

• Graph 25 shows that in all four of the ‘deprived’ wards,the proportion of people in households graded in the‘Higher and Intermediate: Managerial / Administrative /Professional’ social grade category was below theColchester average of 24.6%.

• With the exception of New Town, the ‘deprived’ wardsranked lowest in Colchester for the proportions of peoplein this social grade.

• St Andrew’s had the lowest proportion of people in thissocial grade category of all 27 wards in Colchester(10.7%).

• St Anne’s had the highest proportion of people in thissocial grade category of the ‘deprived’ wards (18.6%),yet was still the sixth lowest of all 27 wards inColchester.

• In proportional terms, New Town had the fourth lowestlevel of people in this social grade category (18.2%).

• Graph 25(a) overleaf shows that, in numerical terms, thelowest levels of people in this social grade categoryincluded East Donyland (359 people), Wivenhoe Cross(456 people), Copford and West Stanway (484 people)and Marks Tey (515 people).

* Approximated Social Grade is the socio-economicclassification used by the Market Research and MarketingIndustries. This has been approximated from informationcollected by the 2001 Census.


Graph 25: Approximate social grade: Higher and intermediate managerial/administrative/professional

22.223.523.524.618.215.3 16.9 18.610.7

11981,255

763734944

05

10152025

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

New

Town

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

0

500

1000

1500

(No.

)

% population aged 16+ in households Actual number

55


Graph 25(a): Approximated social grade - higher and intermediate manegerial/administrative/professional

30.9 35.1 26.1 25.2 25.3 23.9 32.5 19.3 40.3 31.9 18.6 20.5 29.2 31.6 18.2 29.6 28.9 15.3 10.7 31.7 16.9 31.6 28.5 24.9 33.8 23.9 19.3

17801678

159315231493

138913831378131313041255124312281219119811801159

944

763 742 734 688558 515 484 456

359

0%

500%

1000%

1500%

2000%

2500%

3000%

3500%

4000%

4500%

Highwoo

dsMile

EndPret

tygate

Stanway

Castle

West M

ersea

Lexd

enShru

b End

Christ

Church

Wivenh

oe Q

uay

St Ann

e'sTipt

reeSt J

ohn's

Birch a

nd W

instre

eNew

Town

Fordha

m and S

tour

West B

ergho

lt and

Eight A

sh G

reen

Berech

urch

St And

rew's

Dedha

m and L

angh

amHarb

our

Great T

eyPye

fleet

Marks T

ey

Copfor

d and

Wes

t Stan

way

Wivenh

oe C

ross

East D

onyla

nd

(%)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

(No.

)

% population aged 16+ in households No.

56

2.6.2: Supervisory, Clerical, Junior Managerial,Administrative, Professional

• Graph 26 shows that, of the four ‘deprived’ wards, StAnne’s had the highest proportion of people in the‘Supervisory, Clerical, Junior Managerial, Administrative,Professional’ social grade category (30.2%). However,this was sixth lowest of all 27 wards in the borough.

• The proportion of people in Harbour in this social gradecategory was only slightly lower (28.2%).

• In fact, the proportions of people in this social gradecategory in St Anne’s and Harbour were not far belowthe average for Colchester (30.8%) and the proportion inSt Anne’s was higher than the England average of29.7%.

• Graph 26(a) overleaf shows that St Andrew’s had thelowest proportion in this social grade of all wards in theborough (21.5%) and Berechurch had the second lowest(24.6%).

• In proportional terms, Shrub End had the third lowestproportion of people in this social grade category of all27 wards in the borough (24.8%) and East Donylandhad the fourth lowest (25.9%).

• In numerical terms, Copford and West Stanway andEast Donlyland had the joint lowest number of people inthis social grade category (482 people), WivenhoeCross had the third lowest (604 people) and Pyefleethad the fourth lowest (684 people).


Graph 26: Approximate social grade: Supervisory/ clerical/ junior managerial/

administrative/ professional

29.730.431.830.824.6 28.2 30.221.5

2,0401,5391,2241,514

010203040

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

05001,0001,5002,0002,500

(No.

)


57


Graph 26 (a): Approximated social grade: Supervisory, clerical/ junior management/administrative/professional

36.8 35.1 35.0 34.3 34.0 33.7 33.6 33.1 32.9 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.5 32.5 32.3 32.0 31.7 31.6 31.1 31.1 30.9 30.2 28.2 25.9 24.8 24.6 21.5

2038 2026

1108

789

482

719

2165

1394

1996

1553

1294

19521840

1272

604

12731198

18782040

1224

482

1773

151415391374

684760

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

Marks T

eyWes

t Mers

eaPye

fleet

Castle

Christ

Church

Dedha

m and L

angh

am

Copfor

d and

Wes

t Stan

wayGrea

t Tey

New Tow

nLe

xden

St Joh

n'sPret

tygate

Mile End

Fordha

m and S

tour

Stanway

Highwoo

ds

West B

ergho

lt and

Eight A

sh G

reen

Wivenh

oe C

ross

Wivenh

oe Q

uay

Birch a

nd W

instre

eTipt

reeSt A

nne's

Harbou

r

East D

onyla

ndShru

b End

Berech

urch

St And

rew's

(%)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

(No.

)

% population aged 16+ in households No.

58


Graph 27: Approximate social grade: Skilled manual workers

15.1 15.6 15.115.719.128.321.819.4 17.9 17.617.9

2,021

1,161405

1,188

1,279

7791,196

0

10

20

30

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

EastD

onyland

Shrub End

Tiptree

Colchester

Essex

East

England(%)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

(No.

)


2.6.3: Skilled Manual Workers

• Graph 27 shows that of the four ‘deprived’ wardsBerechurch had the highest proportion of people in the‘Skilled Manual Workers’ social grade category, at19.4%. This was third highest of all wards in theborough.

• However, this was not much higher than the level ofpeople in this category in the other four ‘deprived’ wards.

• In fact, the proportion of people in this social gradecategory in all four ‘deprived’ wards are fairly level. All ofwhich are above the averages for Colchester (15.7%)and England (15.1%).

• In proportional terms, Shrub End had by far the highestproportion of people in this category, at 28.3%. EastDonyland had the second highest level at 21.8% andTiptree had fourth highest at 19.1%.

• In numerical terms, Shrub End had the highest numberof people in this category (2,021 people).

59

2.6.4: Semi - Skilled and Unskilled Manual Workers

• Graph 28 shows that, at 30.4%, the proportion of peoplein St Andrew’s in the ‘Semi - Skilled and UnskilledManual Workers’ social grade category was almostdouble the Colchester average of 30.4%.

• This was well above the averages in the other three‘deprived’ wards.

• Of these, St Anne’s had the lowest proportion of peoplein this category at 19.7%. However, this was still fifthhighest of all 27 wards in Colchester.

• In proportional terms, New Town ward had the thirdhighest level of people in ‘semi-skilled and unskilledmanual workers’ households (20.0%).

• In numerical terms, New Town ward had the fourthhighest number of people in ‘semi-skilled and unskilledmanual workers’ households (1,332 people).


Graph 28: Approximate social grade: Semi-skilled and unskilled manual workers

17.015.514.615.320.024.3 20.3 19.730.4

1,3151,332

2,175

8841,496

0

10

20

30

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

New

Town

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

(No.

)


60

2.6.5: On State Benefit, Unemployed, Lowest Grade Workers

• Graph 29 shows that, at 19.6%, St Andrew’s had thehighest proportion of people in the ‘On State Benefit,Unemployed, Lowest Grade Workers’ social gradecategory of all 27 wards in the borough.

• St Anne’s had a much smaller proportion in thiscategory, at just 13.8%. This is slightly higher than theColchester average of 13.6%.

• The proportions in Harbour and Berechurch were inbetween the levels of St Andrew’s and St Anne’s, bothwith some 16%, ranking 4 and 5 overall in the borough.This was equal to the England average of 16%.

• In proportional and numerical terms, West Mersea hadthe second highest level of people in this category(17.7% or 1,027 people) and Prettygate had the thirdhighest (16.8% or 1,025 people).

Graph 29: Approximate social grade: On state benefit, unemployed, lowest grade workers

15.0 16.015.013.617.716.816.4 16.7 13.819.6

1025 1027

934

1,404

7271,009

0

10

20

30

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Prettygate

West

Mersea

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

0

500

1,000

1,500

(No.

)



61

3. EDUCATION,SKILLS AND

TRAINING

62

3. EDUCATION, SKILLS AND TRAINING

Graph 30:Students (aged 16-17)

77.678.176.977.163.066.2 70.0 71.561.0

119173166112145

0

20

40

60

80

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

New

Town

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

0

50

100

150

200

(No.

)


3.1 Students3.1.1 Students (aged 16-17)

• Graph 30 shows that St Andrew’s had the lowestproportion of students in the population aged 16-17 outof all wards in Colchester (61.0%).

• Numerically, however, it had the third highest numberof students in this age group in the borough (166people).

• Similarly, St Anne’s had the second highest number ofstudents aged 16-17 (173 people), but proportionally itranked just 23 out of all 27 wards with 71.5%.

• The proportion of students in all four of the ‘deprived’wards fell below the Colchester average for students inthis age group (77.1%).

• In fact, Graph 30(a) overleaf shows that theproportions of students in this age group in all four ofthe ‘deprived’ wards were amongst the lowest of allwards in Colchester.

• In proportional terms, New Town was the only wardthat had a smaller proportion of students than any ofthe four ‘deprived’ wards (63.0%). In fact, it wassecond lowest in the borough.

Source: Table KS103N, 2001 Census, ONS. © Crown Copyright, 2002

• In numerical terms, Graph 28(a) shows that the thereare smaller numbers of students aged 16-17 in ruralwards such as Pyfleet (41 people), Copford and WestStanway (43 people), Dedham and Langham (46people) and Wivenhoe Cross (48 people).

63

Graph 30 (a): Students aged 16-17 (all wards)

92.3 91.7 88.6 88.5 88.3 85.6 85.3 84.5 84.3 83.9 82.1 82.0 81.6 81.0 80.4 80.0 78.8 77.2 76.6 74.9 73.5 72.6 71.5 70.0 66.2 63.0 61.0

48

121

101

46

91

107116

185

43

115

92105

160

5141

52

123

105

59

152

111

159173

112

145

119

166

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Wivenh

oe C

ross

St Joh

n's

Christ

Church

Dedha

m and L

angh

amMile

End

West B

ergho

lt and

Eight A

sh G

reen

Birch a

nd W

instre

ePret

tygate

Copfor

d and

Wes

t Stan

way

Fordha

m and S

tour

Wivenh

oe Q

uay

Lexd

enStan

wayMark

s Tey

Pyefle

et

East D

onyla

ndWes

t Mers

eaCas

tleGrea

t Tey

Tiptree

Highwoo

dsShru

b End

St Ann

e'sHarb

our

Berech

urch

New Tow

nSt A

ndrew

's

(%)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

(No.

)

As % of population aged 16-17 Actual number


64

Graph 31:Students (aged 18-74)

4.53.22.55.92.2 2.3 5.116.2

307

1,063

87127

0

5

10

15

20

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

0

500

1,000

1,500

(No.

)


3.1.2 Students (aged 18-74)

• Graph 31 shows that St Andrew’s had the secondhighest number of students aged 18-74 of all wards inColchester (1,063 people).

• Proportionally, this was also second highest in theborough at 16.2%. This was well above theColchester average of 5.9%.

• Berechurch had the lowest proportion of students inthis age group of all four ‘deprived’ wards (2.2%),ranking 20 overall in the borough.

• Graph 29(a) shows that in proportional and numericalterms, Wivenhoe Cross had the highest level ofstudents aged 18-74. With 1,063 students, this was56.9% of the population.

• In proportional terms, other wards with higher levels ofstudents aged 18-74 included Wivenhoe Quay (8.7%)and New Town (8.3%).

• In numerical terms, other wards with higher levels ofstudents aged 18-74 included New Town (543 people)and Castle (334 people).


65

Graph 31 (a): Students aged 18-74 (all wards)

56.9 16.2 8.7 8.3 6.4 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.95.1 2.22.22.32.32.32.42.52.52.53.5 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.65.7

1982

1063

314

543

334

167307

129 153 103 13845 115 41 32 45 125 87

158 12744

101 41 72 70 68 103

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Wivenh

oe C

ross

St And

rew's

Wivenh

oe Q

uay

New Tow

nCas

tle

Christ

Church

St Ann

e'sLe

xden

Highwoo

dsSt J

ohn's

Prettyg

atePye

fleet

Mile End

East D

onyla

nd

Copfor

d and

Wes

t Stan

wayMark

s Tey

Stanway

Harbou

rShru

b End

Berech

urch

Dedha

m and L

angh

amWes

t Mers

eaGrea

t Tey

Fordha

m and S

tour

West B

ergho

lt and

Eight A

sh G

reen

Birch a

nd W

instre

eTipt

ree

(%)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

(No.

)

as % of population aged 18-74 Actual number


66

3.2 Basic skills

3.2.1: Literacy skills

• Graph 32 shows that St Andrew’s had the highestproportion of people aged 16-60 with poor literacy skills.This represented over one third of the total population at34.1% and was the highest of all 27 wards in Colchester.

• This was well above the Colchester average of 20.8%.

• Berechurch had the lowest proportion of people withpoor literacy skills of the ‘deprived’ wards (24.9%),although this is above the Colchester average.

• In proportional terms, East Donyland had the thirdhighest level of people with poor literacy skills in theborough, although this amounted to just 392 peoplenumerically.

• In numerical terms, Mile End had the second highestlevel of people with poor literacy skills out of all 27 wardsin the borough (1,442 people), although proportionallythis was well below the Colchester average (16.9%).

Source: The Basic Skills Agency, 1997 © Copyright 2001

Graph 32: Population with poor literacy skills (aged 16-60)

24.021.720.816.927.024.9 25.1 30.234.1

1,442

392

1,4121,787

1,2391,206

0

10

20

30

40

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

EastD

onyland

Mile End

Colchester

Essex

England

(%)

05001,0001,5002,0002,500

(No.

)


67

Source: The Basic Skills Agency, 1997 © Copyright 2001

Graph 33: Population with poor numeracy skills (aged 16-60)

24.039.4 32.325.826.7 30.3 15.3 20.6 21.2

1,2991,291 1,274

2,0651,512

440

01020304050

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

EastD

onyland

Mile End

Colchester

Essex

England(%)

05001,0001,5002,0002,500

(No.

)


3.2.2: Numeracy skills

• Graph 33 shows that levels of the population aged 16-60 with poor numeracy skills in the four ‘deprived’wards follow a similar general pattern to that of literacyskills.

• Again, the levels of people with poor numeracy skills inall four of the ‘deprived’ wards were above theColchester average of 20.6%.

• St Andrew’s had the highest level of people with poornumeracy skills in the borough at 39.4% (2065 people)and St Anne’s had the second highest, at 32.3% (1512people).

• In proportional terms, East Donyland was third highestproportion in the borough, with 30.3% of people in thepoor numeracy skills category. Numerically, however, itwas just 440 people.

• In numerical terms, Mile End had the third highestnumber of people with poor numeracy skills in theborough (1299 people). As a proportion of thepopulation however, this was just 15.3% of thepopulation.

68

3.3 Qualifications

3.3.1: People with no qualifications

• Graph 34 shows that all four of the ‘deprived’ wards hadhigher than average levels of people aged 16-74 with noqualifications in 2001.

• In all of these wards, the proportions of people in thepopulation with no qualifications were well above theColchester average of 25%.

• St Andrew’s had the highest proportion of people with noqualifications (36.5%). This was more than 10% abovethe Colchester average of people with no qualifications.

• Berechurch had the second highest proportion of peoplewith no qualifications in Colchester, while Harbour andSt Anne’s ranked 4 and 5.

• Numerically, however, Harbour had significantly lesspeople in this category than the other ‘deprived’ wards(1,251 people) and ranked 9 out of 27 wards.

• In proportional terms, Tiptree had the third highestproportion of people with no qualifications (32.3%) andnumerically it had the fourth highest level (1,793people).

Source: Table KS13P, 2001 Census, ONS. © Crown Copyright, 2002

Graph 34: People with no qualifications

28.927.928.725.032.334.6 31.6 31.236.5

1,7931,948

2,5031,2512,085

01020304050

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Tiptree

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,500

(No.

)


69

3.3.2: People with 5 or more GCSEs or equivalent(including higher level qualifications)

• Graph 35 shows that Berechurch had the lowestproportion of people aged 16-74 with 5 or more GCSEsor equivalent qualifications out of all wards in Colchester(35.8%).

• All of the four ‘deprived’ wards were below the averagesfor Colchester (50%) and England (47.6%).

• St Anne’s had the highest proportion of people with 5 ormore GCSEs or equivalent qualifications (includinghigher level qualifications) of the ‘deprived’ wards(41.3%). However, this ranked just 23 of all 27 wards inthe borough.

• St Andrew’s had the second highest proportion of the‘deprived’ wards (38.8%). This may be higher than mightbe expected for a ward with the overall level ofdeprivation experienced by St Andrew’s because of thehigh proportion of students that live in St Andrew’s (seeSection 3.1.2). Although it is worth noting that this stillranked just 24 of all 27 wards in the borough.

• In proportional terms, Tiptree had the second lowestproportion of people with this level of qualification in theborough at 37.4%. In numerical terms, Tiptree had thefourth lowest level.

Source: Table KS13P, 2001 Census, ONS. © Crown Copyright, 2002

Graph 35: People with 5+ qualifiactions (including higher level qualifiactions)

47.646.644.550.037.435.8 38.3 41.338.8

2,0772,5772,6591,5172,159

01020304050

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Tiptree

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,500

(No.

)


70

3.3.3: Primary school Key Stage 2 scores of level 4+

• Graph 36 shows that in 1998, St Andrew’s had thelowest proportion of primary school pupils entered forKey Stage 2 gaining scored of level 4 or above of allwards in Colchester (42.3%).

• Harbour had the highest proportion of primary schoolpupils who gained Key Stage 2 scores of level 4 andabove of the ‘deprived’ wards (59.2%). However, thisranked just 23 of all 27 wards in the borough.

• In proportional terms, East Donyland had the secondlowest proportion in the borough at 45.5% and innumerical terms it had the lowest actual number at just25 pupils.

• Graph 36(a) overleaf shows that, in numerical terms,Great Tey had the second lowest number of primaryschool pupils entered at Key Stage 2 that gained scoresof level 4 and above (30 pupils), Fordham had the thirdlowest (35 pupils) and Great and Little Tey had thefourth lowest (40 pupils).

Source: Primary school pupils at Key Stage 2, summer 1998, Oxford University.

Graph 36: Primary school pupils who gained Key Stage 2 scores of level 4 and above

42.3 54.359.255.4

45.5

155 145

110125

25

0

20

40

60

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

EastD

onlyland

(%)

0

50

100

150

200

(No.

)

% primary school pupils at Key Stage 2 Actual number

71

Graph 36 (a): Primary school pupils who gained Key Stage 2 scores of at least 4 and above (1998)

83.3 78.6 78.4 77.8 77.8 77.4 76.9 75.0 72.7 72.3 72.2 72.2 69.8 69.6 69.4 69.0 67.7 67.6 66.1 64.3 63.8 62.7 59.2 55.4 54.3 45.5 42.3

50 55

145

35

140

240

5030

40

170

130

195

150

80

215200

105125

195

90

185

210

145155

125

25

110

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Dedha

m

Boxted

and L

angh

amSt. M

ary's

Fordha

mWes

t Mers

eaPret

tygate

Pyefle

etGrea

t Tey

Great a

nd Li

ttle H

orkes

leyCas

tle

Birch/M

essin

g and

Cop

ford

Mile End

West B

ergho

lt and

Eight A

sh G

reen

Winstre

eTipt

reeWive

nhoe

New Tow

nLe

xden

Shrub E

ndMark

s Tey

Stanway

St. Joh

n'sHarb

our

Berech

urch

St. Ann

e's

East D

onyla

ndSt. A

ndrew

's

(%)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

(No.

)

% school pupils No.

Source: Primary school pupils at Key Stage 2, summer 1998, Oxford University.

72

3.4: Education, skills and training deprivation (ID2000)• Table 4 below shows that according to the Education, Skills and Training domain in the Index of Multiple Deprivation

(ID2000), St Andrew’s was the most deprived of all wards in Colchester.

• In fact, St Andrew’s had the fifth highest level of education, skills and training deprivation of 284 wards in Essex. It alsoranked 90 out of 8,414 wards in England.

• Berechurch was second most deprived in Colchester, with a county ranking of 33.

• Harbour had the lowest ranking out of the ‘deprived’ wards – although it ranked just fourth most deprived in the borough,nationally it ranked 1,151.

Table 4: Education, skills and training deprivation (ID2000)Berechurch Harbour St

Andrew’sSt Anne’s

England Rank(out of 8,414 wards)

907 1,151 90 914


33 47 5 36

Colchester Rank(out of 27 wards)

2 4 1 3

Source: Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions, Indices ofDeprivation 2000 © Crown Copyright, 2002

Education, skills and training deprivation is one domain within the Index of Multiple Deprivation (2000). This table shows theranking of each of the four ‘deprived’ wards on this domain in relation to the 8,414 wards in England and in relation to the 27wards in Colchester, where the ward with rank of 1 was the most ‘deprived’ ward.

73

4. INCOME ANDBENEFITS

74

4. INCOME AND BENEFITS

4.1: Household income• Graph 37 shows that in 2002, Harbour ward had the

highest average income of the four ‘deprived’ wards at£18,531. However, this was the fifth lowest of all 27wards in Colchester.

• In fact, the average incomes in all four of the ‘deprived’wards were well below the Colchester average of£24,065, and even further below the regional averageof £27,000.

• St Andrew’s had the lowest average income of all 27wards in Colchester, at £13,574. This is some £3,500less than the average for Berechurch, the ward thatcame closest in terms of earnings.

• Wivenhoe Cross had the fourth lowest average level ofincome of the 27 wards in the borough (£17,906).However, it is worth noting that almost half of thepopulation (aged 16-74) in Wivenhoe Cross (46.8%)were economically inactive students (see Section2.5.3), which could account for the low income level inthis area.

Source: Housing Needs Survey, Colchester Borough Council, 2002

Graph 37: Average Gross Income (£) - excluding benefits (including zero income households)

13,574 17,65518,53117,109 17,906 24,065 27,000 22,50010,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

WivenhoeC

ross

Colchester

East

England

Inco

me

(£)

75

4.2: Income Index for older people* (2003)• Table 5 shows that, at 55.3%, St Andrews had the highest proportion of older people (aged 65 and above) on income

related benefits of all 27 wards in Colchester. This was more than double the Colchester average (24.5%).

• Berechurch had the lowest proportion of claimants out of the ‘deprived’ wards (32.7%), ranking 7 out of all 27 wards in theborough.

• The proportion of older people on income related benefits was higher in all four of the ‘deprived’ wards, however, than theaverages for Colchester (24.5%), the East (26.8%) and England (30.5%).

• Shrub End also had a high rate of older people on income related benefits (43.1%). This was second highest in theborough.

Source: Help the Aged Income Index for Older People (2003)

*The Income Index for Older People shows the rate of older people living on income related benefits. These are people aged65 or over, who are either a recipient or the partner of a recipient of Income Support or Housing/Council Tax Benefit. Thedenominator for this group is the total population aged 65 and above.

Table 5: Rates for older people on income related benefitsBerechurch Harbour St

Andrew’sStAnne’s

ShrubEnd

Colchester East England

Score(% population aged 65+)

32.7 35.5 56.3 38.7 43.1 24.5 26.8 30.5


7 4 1 3 2 - - -

76

4.3: Income Deprivation*• Table 6 shows that St Andrew’s had the highest proportion of people on a low income of all 284 wards in Essex.

• With 40% of households on means-tested benefits, this is well above the proportion in the remaining ‘deprived’ wards inColchester. St Anne’s had the second highest (26.3%).

• However, all four ‘deprived’ wards ranked within the four most income deprived out of all 27 wards in Colchester.

Table 6: Income Deprivation Index* (ID 2000)Berechurch Harbour St

Andrew’sStAnne’s

Score(as % population)

24.0 23.3 40.0 26.3


31 36 1 22


3 4 1 2


*The income deprivation domain of the index of multiple deprivation (2000) represents the proportion of households on a lowincome (i.e. receiving income means tested benefits). The table above shows the ranking of each of the four ‘deprived’ wards onthis domain in relation to the 8,414 wards in England and in relation to the 27 wards in Colchester, where the ward with rank of 1was the most ‘deprived’ ward.

77

4.4 Child poverty*• Table 7 below shows that St Andrew’s had the highest level of child poverty out of all 27 wards in Colchester. In fact, at

60.5% of the households with children on means-tested benefits, it has the highest level of child poverty out of all wards inEssex.

• St Anne’s had the lowest level of child poverty out of the ‘deprived’ wards – but was still high for Colchester – ranking 5 outof 27.

• Castle also had high levels of child poverty, at 41.8%, ranking 4 out of 27.

Table 7: Child Poverty Index* (ID 2000)

Berechurch Harbour StAndrew’s

StAnne’s

Score(as % population)

44.0 41.9 60.5 41.7


16 18 1 20


2 3 1 5


*The child poverty domain of the index of multiple deprivation represents the proportion of households with children (agedunder 16) that are in low income families (i.e. households in receipt of means-tested benefits). This is a sub-set of the incomedomain and was constructed by combining the indicators within the income domain for children under 16 only. The table aboveshows the ranking of each of the four ‘deprived’ wards on this domain in relation to the 8,414 wards in England and in relation tothe 27 wards in Colchester, where the ward with rank of 1 was the most ‘deprived’ ward.

78

4.5 Income Support* claimants• Graph 38 shows that in 2002, St Andrew’s was the ward

with the highest level of income support claimants with atotal of 960 claimants.

• At 10.9% of the population aged 16 and above, this ismore than double the Colchester average (4.6%). It wasalso higher than the average for England (6.3%), aswere the proportion of Income Support claimants in allfour of the ‘deprived’ wards.

• Berechurch had the lowest proportion of Income Supportclaimants of the four ‘deprived’ wards (6.3%).

• Harbour had the lowest number of Income Supportclaimants out of the ‘deprived’ wards (445 claimants).Proportionally, however, it had the second highest levelof claimants of all 27 wards in the borough.

• In proportional and numerical terms, New Town had thethird highest level of income support claimants out of allwards in Colchester. With 560 claimants, this was 6.7%of the population aged 16 and above.

Graph 38: Income support claimants

6.34.54.66.76.3 8.4 7.010.9

560630

960

445525

0369

1215

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

New

Town

Colchester

East

England(%)

0

250

500

750

1,000

(No.

)

% population aged 16+ Actual number

*Income Support is a benefit claimed by people with a low income or no income who are not in full time work (under 16hours a week). It is not paid to unemployed people who are available for and actively seeking work. They are able to claimJobseeker’s Allowance. The groups of people who can claim Income Support are people who are unfit for work, loneparents, carers and some others. It was replaced in 2003 by Pension Credit for people who are 60 or over.

Source: Department for Work and Pensions, August 2002

79



Graph 39: Lone parents claiming Income Support

1.9 2.51.84.12.72.92.7 3.4 2.74.9

120165145160

315

115135

012345

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Highw

oods

New

Town

Shrub End

Colchester

East

England(%)

050100150200250300350

(No.

)


4.5.1: Lone parents claiming Income Support

• Graph 39 shows that in 2002, St Andrew’s had thehighest number of lone parents claiming IncomeSupport out of all 27 wards in Colchester (315claimants).

• It also had the highest proportion in its population aged16-59, at 4.9%. This is well above the averages forColchester (1.8%), the East of England (1.9%) andEngland (2.5%).

• Of the four ‘deprived’ wards, Berechurch and St Anne’sjointly had the lowest proportions of lone parentclaimants at 2.7%.

• Proportionally, Harbour had the second highest level oflone parent claimants in the borough (3.4%), yet itranked just 7 out of all 27 wards for the actual numberof claimants (115 claimants).

• In proportional terms, Shrub End had the secondhighest proportion of lone parents claiming IncomeSupport of all 27 wards in Colchester at 4.1%.

• In numerical terms, New Town had the second highestnumber of lone parent Income Support claimants (165claimants) and Highwoods had the fourth highestnumber (145 claimants).

80

4.5.2: Income support claimants with a disability

• Graph 40 shows that in 2002, St Andrew’s rankedhighest of all 27 wards in Colchester for the number ofpeople with a disability claiming income support (275claimants).

• It also had the proportionally highest level of people witha disability claiming income support (4.3%).

• This was much higher than the averages for Colchester(2.4%) and Essex (2.1%).

• The proportions in the remaining three ‘deprived’ wardsare also higher than the Colchester and Essexaverages.

• Of these wards, St Anne’s had the lowest proportion, at3.1%.

• In proportional terms, Shrub End had the second highestproportion of Income Support claimants with a disabilityof all 27 wards in Colchester (4.1%), but ranked just 8for the actual number.

• In numerical terms, New Town had the second highestnumber of people with a disability claiming incomesupport out of all 27 wards in the borough.

Graph 40: Income Support claimants with a disability

3.14.3 3.13.93.2 3.1 4.1 2.4 2.1

160 130

275

180190

120

0

1

2

3

4

5

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

New

Town

Shrub End

Colchester

East

England

(%)

050100150200250300

(No.

)



81


Graph 41: Working Family Tax Credit claimants (2000)

3.02.32.12.65.42.54.33.9 3.7 4.55.7

60

245 235190

280

185195

0

2

4

6

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

EastD

onyland

Mile End

Shrub End

Colchester

Essex

East

England(%)

0

100

200

300

(No.

)


4.6: Working Family Tax Credit* claimants• Graph 41 shows that in 2000, St Andrew’s had the

highest level of Working Family Tax Credit claimantsout of the 27 wards in Colchester. With 280 claimants,this was 5.7% of the population aged 16-59.

• Interestingly, in contrast to the number of peopleclaiming Income Support, there was a higher numberof Working Family Tax Credit claimants in Berechurch(which ranked 4) than in St Anne’s (which ranked 5)and Harbour (which ranked 6).

• Proportionally, Berechurch had fewer Working FamilyTax Credit claimants than St Anne’s, at 3.9%compared to 4.5%.

• All four ‘deprived’ wards had a greater proportion ofWorking Family Tax Credit claimants than theaverages for Colchester (2.6%), Essex (2.1%) orEngland (3.0%).

• In proportional terms, Shrub End had the secondhighest proportion of Working Family Tax Creditclaimants in the borough (5.4%) and East Donylandhad the fourth highest (4.3%).

• In numerical terms, Mile End had the second highestlevel of Working Family Tax Credit claimants,although proportionally, it ranked just 9.

*Working Families Tax Credit was a benefit claimed by workers on a low income who were responsible for children. It toppedup wages for people working 16 hours or more a week (savings limits applied). This benefit came into effect from 1999 onwards(replacing Family Credit) but was replaced in 2003 by Working Tax Credit.

82

5. HEALTH

83

5. HEALTH AND DISABILITY

Table 8: Health Deprivation and Disability Rank (ID2000)Berechurch Harbour St Andrew’s St Anne’s

England rank(of 8,414 wards)

2,754 2,919 1,254 3,163

Essex Rank(of 284 wards)

33 37 6 41

Colchester Rank(of 27 wards)

2 3 1 4

Source: Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, Indices of Deprivation 2000 © Crown Copyright, 2002

5.1: Health Deprivation and Disability Rank (ID2000)• Table 8 below shows that St Andrew’s had the highest level of health deprivation and disability of all 27 wards in

Colchester.

• In fact, St Andrew’s had the sixth highest level of health deprivation and disability of all 284 wards in Essex.

• All four of the ‘deprived’ wards ranked above all other wards in Colchester for Health Deprivation and Disability.Berechurch had the second, Harbour had third and St Anne’s had the fourth highest.

*The Health Deprivation and Disability rank was taken from the health deprivation and disability domain of the Index ofMultiple Deprivation (2000). This identifies people whose quality of life is impaired by either poor health or disability.(Source: Indices of Deprivation (2000), Regeneration Research Summary, Number 31, 2000)

84

Graph 42: Limiting long-term illness

16.2 17.918.7 17.519.217.7 18.9 20.1 15.9 16.4

1330 13951,477 1,093

1,7491,532

0

5

10

15

20

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Castle

West

Mersea

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(% p

opul

atio

n )

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

No.

% total population Actual number

5.2: Limiting long-term illness*• Graph 42 shows that St Anne’s had the lowest

proportion of people with a limiting long-term illness outof the ‘deprived’ wards, at 17.5%.

• The proportions of people with a limiting-term illness inall four of the ‘deprived’ wards, however, were above theaverages for Colchester (15.9%), Essex (16.4%) and theEast of England (16.2%).

• Harbour had the highest level of people with a limitinglong-term illness out of the ‘deprived’ wards at 19.2%.

• Numerically, however, Harbour had the lowest level ofpeople with a limiting long-term illness out of the‘deprived' wards (1,093 people), ranking just 11 out of all27 wards.

• In proportional terms, West Mersea had the highestproportion of people with a limiting long-term illness ofall 27 wards in Colchester (20.1%) and Castle had thethird highest (18.9%).

• In numerical terms, West Mersea had the fourth highestproportion of people with a limiting long-term illness ofall wards in the borough (1,395 people).

* According to the 2001 Census, a limiting long-term illness was a self assessment of whether or not a person has a limitinglong-term illness, health problem or disability which limits their daily activities or the work they can do, including problems thatare due to old age.


85

5.3: Health and Disability Benefits

5.3.1 Disability Living Allowance claimants

• Graph 43 shows that in 2002 St Andrew’s had thehighest level of Disability Living Allowance claimants ofall 27 wards in Colchester. With 555 claimants, thisamounted to 5.9% of the population aged 0-59.

• St Anne’s had the smallest proportion of Disability LivingAllowance claimants of the ‘deprived’ wards (4.2%),although this was a little higher than the Colchesteraverage (3.3%).

• Numerically, however, St Anne’s had the third highestproportion of Disability Living Allowance claimants in theborough.

• In proportional terms, Mile End ward had the thirdhighest proportion of Disability Living Allowanceclaimants in Colchester and ranked 6 for the actualnumber.

• In numerical terms, Shrub End ward had the thirdhighest actual number of Disability Living Allowanceclaimants, but ranked just 17 out of all 27 wards for theproportion of claimants.

Graph 43: People claiming Disbility Living Allowance (2002)

3.95.9 4.24.44.7 4.6 2.9 3.3 3.1

285 300395

250

555

365

02468

10

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Mile End

Shrub End

Colchester

East

England

(%)

0

200

400

600

(No.

)


Source: Department for Work and Pensions, Information and Analysis Directorate,Information Centre, August 2002. © Crown Copyright 2003.

Disability Living Allowance is a non means tested benefit claimed by people who are under 65, with care and mobility needs.National research has shown that Disability Living Allowance is an under-claimed benefit. The figures shown could thereforeunderestimate the proportion of people under 65 with care and mobility needs in each ward.

86

Graph 44: People claiming Attendance Allowance (2002)

13.612.912.613.615.0 16.7 16.817.0

200160145165

0

5

10

15

20

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Colchester

Essex

East

England

(%)

050100150200250

(No.

)

% population aged over 65 Actual number


Attendance Allowance is a non means tested benefitclaimed by people, aged 65 and over, with care needs.National research has shown that Attendance Allowance isan under-claimed benefit. The figures shown could thereforeunderestimate the proportion of people aged 65 and overwith care needs in each ward.

5.3.2 Attendance Allowance Claimants

• Graph 44 shows that, in 2002, the proportions of peopleclaiming Attendance Allowance in the population aged65 and above in all four of the ‘deprived’ wards werehigher than the Colchester average (13.6%).

• Of these, St Andrew’s had the highest proportion ofpeople claiming Attendance Allowance (17.0%), ranking5 of all 27 wards in the borough.

• The proportion of people claiming Attendance Allowancein St Anne’s was not far below (16.8%), ranking 6 of all27 wards in Colchester.

• Numerically, St Anne’s ranked highest of all the‘deprived’ wards and was third highest in the borough.

• Berechurch had the lowest proportion of people claimingAttendance Allowance of the ‘deprived’ wards (15.0%),ranking 10 out of all 27 wards in the borough.

• Graph 45(a) overleaf shows that in proportional terms,Copford and West Stanway ward had the highestproportion of Attendance Allowance claimants in theborough (19.8%).

• In proportional terms, East Donyland had the secondhighest proportion of Attendance Allowance claimants(19.0%), Shrub End had the third highest (17.5%) andCastle had the fourth highest (17.2%).

• In numerical terms, West Mersea had the highestnumber of Attendance Allowance claimants (245people), Castle had the second highest (215 people),Prettygate had the third highest (180 people) and ShrubEnd had the fourth highest (180 people).

87

Graph 44(a): Attendance Allowance claimants (all wards)

19.819.017.5 17.2 17.016.8 16.7 15.415.315.0 13.713.413.2 13.2 13.112.912.6 12.411.911.7 11.6 10.910.7 10.6 10.0 9.7 8.6

60 60

180

215

160

200

145

85

125

165 170

55

245

110100

6555

155

40

140

85

180

85

60

100

3555

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

Copfor

d and

Wes

t Stan

way

East D

onyla

ndShru

b End

Castle

St And

rew's

St Ann

e'sHarb

our

Highwoo

dsNew

Town

Berech

urch

Stanway

Great T

ey

West M

ersea

Mile End

Wivenh

oe Q

uay

Christ

Church

Pyefle

etTipt

reeMark

s Tey

Lexd

en

Fordha

m and S

tour

Prettyg

ate

West B

ergho

lt and

Eight A

sh G

reen

Dedha

m and L

angh

amSt J

ohn's

Wivenh

oe C

ross

Birch a

nd W

instre

e

(%)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

(No.

)

% in population aged 65+ Number


88

5.4 Conceptions

5.4.1: Conceptions for females aged under 18

• Graph 45 shows that in 2000, St Andrew’s had thehighest number of conceptions for females aged under18 in the borough (22 conceptions).

• The number of conceptions in St Andrew’s were exactlydouble the level in Lexden and Shrub End, the wardswith the next highest number of conceptions (11conceptions).

• It is worth noting, however, that St Andrew’s had thelargest number of people aged 15-17 out of all 27 wardsin Colchester (see Table 1, Appendix 2), which might inpart account for a higher than average level ofconceptions.

• Berechurch had the lowest number of conceptions out ofthe ‘deprived’ wards, with just 5 conceptions.Nonetheless, this is still the seventh highest number ofconceptions of all the wards in Colchester.

• In contrast, it is interesting that Lexden had the secondhighest number of conceptions in the borough since italso had a relatively small population aged 15-17,ranking just 14 out of all 27 wards.

Graph 45: Conceptions for females under 18 years

22

69511 9 11

01020304050

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Lexden

Prettygate

Shrub End

(No.

)

Source: Office for National Statistics © 2002

89

5.4.2: Conceptions for females aged under 20

• Graph 46 shows that the number of conceptions in thepopulation aged under 20 broadly tend to follow a similarpattern to those in the population under the age of 18.

• Again, Berechurch had the lowest rate for conceptions inthis age group out of the ‘deprived’ wards. With 13conceptions, this was the seventh highest out of all 27wards in Colchester.

• St Andrew’s had the highest conception rates forfemales under the age of 20 out of all the wards inColchester (38 conceptions).

• Again, Table 1 (Appendix 2) shows that St Andrew’s hadthe highest number of people aged 15-19 out of allwards in the borough. This might in part account for ahigher than average level of conceptions in this ward.

• In fact, St Andrew’s again had exactly twice as manyconceptions as the ward with the next highest number.This was Harbour, with 19 conceptions.

• Lexden also was again amongst those wards with thehighest conception rates in this age group. At 15conceptions, this was jointly third highest in Colchesteralong with Highwoods and St Anne’s.

• It is interesting to note that neither Lexden norHighwoods had particularly high numbers of peopleaged 15-19. Lexden ranked 14 and Highwoods ranked11 out of all 27 wards in Colchester for the number ofpeople in this age group.

Graph 46: Conceptions for females under 20 years (2000)

38

151913 15 15

01020304050

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

Highw

oods

Lexden

(No.

)


90

Graph 47: Conception for females of all ages (2000)

216

14613112282

113144

050

100150200250

Berechurch

Harbour

StAndrew

's

St Anne's

New

Town

Highw

oods

Shrub End

(No.

)

5.4.3: Conception rates for females of all ages

• Graph 47 shows that Harbour had the lowest numberof conceptions for females of all ages out of the‘deprived’ wards, at 82, ranking eleventh of all 27wards in Colchester.

• St Andrew’s had the highest number of conceptions forwomen of all ages out of the ‘deprived’ wards (144conceptions).

• However, Shrub End and New Town had higher ratesfor females in this age group, meaning that StAndrew’s ranked third overall for the 27 wards inColchester.

• With 216 conceptions during 2000, Shrub End had farmore conceptions overall than St Andrew’s.


91

6. GEOGRAPHICALACCESS TOSERVICES

92

6. GEOGRAPHICAL ACCESS TO SERVICES

6.1: Geographical access to services*• Table 9 shows that, St Anne’s had the best geographical access to services of the ‘deprived’ wards, with a

ranking of 23 out of all 27 wards in the borough.

• Harbour had the worst geographical access to services of the ‘deprived’ wards, with a rank of 13.

• Berechurch had the second worst access out of the ‘deprived’ wards, ranking 15 overall in the borough.

• In fact, Berechurch, Lexden and Harbour had the worst access of all the ‘town’ wards in Colchester.

• Geographical access to services is comparatively good in the ‘deprived’ wards, however, in comparison torural wards such as Fordham, which ranked highest in Colchester.

Table 9: Geographical Access to services (ID 2000)

Berechurch Harbour St Andrew’s St Anne’sColchester Rank(out of 27 wards)

15 13 21 23

Source: Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions, Indices of Deprivation 2000 © Copyright, 2002

*Geographical Access to Services is one domain within the Index of Multiple deprivation (2000). Thislooks at access to certain services for people with a low income. The services in this indicator includeaccess to a post office, food shops, a GP and a primary school. All 27 wards in Colchester are ranked,so that a ranking of 1 indicates that a ward has the worst geographical access to services and a rankingof 27 indicates that a ward has the best access according to this measure.

93

APPENDICES

94

APPENDIX 1

95

APPENDIX 2

Table A: Young people15 - 17 15 - 19

Berechurch 334 561Birch and Winstree 207 306Castle 195 364Christ Church 167 284Copford and West Stanway 80 127Dedham and Langham 80 123East Donyland 101 155Fordham and Stour 198 279Great Tey 97 151Harbour 226 337Highwoods 223 358Lexden 204 321Marks Tey 101 157Mile End 158 250New Town 252 580Prettygate 348 513Pyefleet 76 128Shrub End 333 630St Andrew's 384 787St Anne's 358 568St John's 208 315Stanway 310 464Tiptree 284 439West Bergholt and Eight Ash Green 185 296West Mersea 226 332Wivenhoe Cross 75 673Wivenhoe Quay 175 289

N.B. At the time of producing this table it was not possible to differentiate betweenmales and females in the data age at ward level.

Profile of Colchester’s most deprived wards*(2004**)

Documents

Transcript of Profile of Colchester’s most deprived wards*(2004**)