Professor Michael P. Ryan, Ph.D.
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Transcript of Professor Michael P. Ryan, Ph.D.
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Professor Michael P. Ryan, Ph.D.
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Capabilities, Intellectual Property Institutions, and Development
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Country Capabilities
“Driving explanation for sustained absolute country advantages is to be found in the persisting variation of organizational and institutional capabilities across time.” (Kogut, 1991:33-34)
Capabilities are dynamic=“the capacity to renew competences”
(Teece, Pisano, and Shuen, 1997:515)
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How Do Firms Compete/Innovate?Create and Integrate Knowledge
(Kogut and Zander, 1992; Grant, 1996)
How do Entrepreneurs Innovate?Prior Knowledge-Based Creation
(Shane, 2000)
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Tangible and Intangible Resources Wernerfelt, Strategic Management Journal (1984)
Grant, California Management Review (1991)
Resource=any strength or weakness of firm; tangible and intangible assets tied semi-permanently to the firm (Wernerfelt)
Major categories of resources (Grant, 119):
Financial Physical Human Technological Reputation Organizational
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COMMON POOL RESOURCE
COLLECTIVE GOVERNANCE AND ORGANIZATION
OF COFFEE CAPABILITIES IN COLOMBIA
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Colombian Coffee Growers FederationIntangible Asset
Juan Valdez Brand Strategy 1960
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• Source Identity(Brown, 1948; Lemley, 1999; Litman,
1999)
• Commercial Meaning(Schecter, 1927; Landes & Posner, 1987;
Beebe, 2003-2004, 2005)
Trademark Law and
Marketing Scholarship
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Colombian Coffee Growers FederationCapabilities
• International Marketing Offices Amsterdam, New York, Tokyo, and Beijing
• 1,500 trained agronomists • 10-point quality management grading system • 15 provinces; 35 cooperative; 25 inspection centers;
516 purchase centers
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Colombian Coffee Growers Federation
Governance
• Colombian Coffee Growers Federation founded in 1927 • 328,000 growers federation ID card (500,000+growers)• 4,368 growers elected to committees • 364 municipality committees• 15 regional committees • National Coffee Congress • National Coffee Board • CEO • 2,500 employees – 5-point HRM evaluation criteria • National Coffee Fund US$1.5 billion to growers early 1990s • CSR – 180 clinics; 200 health centers; 681,000 vaccinations; 6,000
schools; 5,000 teacher housing facilities; 10,000 miles of roads; 3,000 bridges
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Colombian Coffee Growers FederationDYNAMIC Capabilities
• Chinese Market Opportunity?
• Juan Valdez Cafes?
• Freeze-Dried Coffee?
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Common Pool Resourcesfor Development
Craft
Fashion
Music
Forestry, Biodiversity, Agriculture
Tourism
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Where does breakthrough technology innovation occur?
“Invention is the first occurrence of an idea for a new product or process, while innovation is the first attempt to carry it into practice.” (Fagerberg, 2005:4)
What characteristics of capabilities and institutions explain why breakthrough technology innovation takes place in one country but not in another?
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Comparative Study of Breakthrough Bio-MedicalTechnology Innovation in Brazil and India
Breakthrough Bio-Medical Technology Innovation(Wholly-New Product or Chemical Entity)
Sao Paulo: Institute Butantan, University of Sao Paulo,FAPESP, FINEP
Delhi and Bangalore: All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Biotech ,National Institute Immunology, National Institute of Translational Science,
National Research Development Corporation, IISc—Bangalore, IIT-Delhi, University of Delhi,
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Biomed Tech Innovations in Sao Paulo
• Ache Laboratories Farmaceuticos
• Institute Butantan Center for Applied Toxinology/COINFAR Consortium
• Pele Nova Biotecnologia
• Genoa Biotecnologia
• Recepta Biopharma
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Biomed Tech Innovations in New Delhi and Bangalore
• Lifecare Innovations
• Premas Biotech
• bigtec Labs
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Breakthrough Biomed TechnologyCapabilities and Institutions
in Brazil and India
• Brazil = FINEP & FAPESP (NSF-like) + university and public research institutes, including technology incubators + active patent office + global networks
• India = new Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (Dept of Biotech/Ministry of S&T plus stakeholders) + new university and public research institute cluster parks + global networks
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Study of Breakthrough Green Tech Innovation in China
Beijing and Shanghai
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fudan University, Institute for Environment & Development, Peking University, Tsinghua University
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Beijing and Shanghai BreakthroughGreen Tech Innovator-Entrepreneurs
• Beijing GW Process Technology Company(Professor Li and Dr. Li)
• Tsinghua Solar Systems(Professor Yin Zhiqiang)
• Shanghai Garbage Recycle Company (pseudonym)
• Pearl Hydrogen Technology Company(Brian Tian)
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Breakthrough Green Tech InnovationCapabilities and Institutions in China
Entrepreneurial public research institutes & universities + technology parks + senior government advocacy + active patent office + global networks + emerging angel/venture capital investment (?)
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How Do Entrepreneurial Universities Emerge?
Public Good of Basic Science(Nelson, 1959)
Entrepreneurial University and Public Research Institute
(Etzkowitz, 1998)
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How Do Technology Networks Emerge?
Network Governance Facilitates Diverse Knowledge Integration
(Powell, 1990)
Public-Private Bio-Medical Technology Networks Integrate Science and Commercial Knowledge
(Powell, Doput, and Smith-Doerr, 1996)
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Do Patents Encourage R&D? Do Patents Encourage Technology Markets?
Patents Solve Technology Appropriability Problem(North, 1981; Teece, 1987; Dam, 1994)
Patents Facilitate Technology Markets(Arora, 1995)
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How Do Risk Capital Markets Emerge?
•Entrepreneurial Public Research Institutes and Universities (Incubators)
•Public S&T Funding Agencies
•Angel and Venture Capital Investors
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Michael P. Ryan
“Patent Incentives, Technology Markets,And Public-Private Bio-MedicalInnovation Networks in Brazil”
World Development 38(2010)1082-1093
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Professor Michael P. Ryan, Ph.D.