Dr Martin Hendry Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow
Professor Martin Hendry University of Glasgow.
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Transcript of Professor Martin Hendry University of Glasgow.
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Professor Martin HendryUniversity of Glasgow
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A long time ago,
in a galaxy far, far away…
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State of the Universe: Feb 2013
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The nature of the nebulae?…
Early 20th Century
Gas clouds within the Milky Way, or Island Universes?….
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10x
1000W
10W
1000W
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Galaxy
Laboratory
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Hubble’s Law
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Einstein’s RelativityEinstein’s Relativity
Matter causes space Matter causes space to to curvecurve or or warpwarp
“Space tells matter how to move, and matter tells space
how to curve”
Gravity in Einstein’s Universe
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Will the Universe expand forever?...
It depends how much matter there is
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Weighing the Solar System
Johannes Kepler
Isaac Newton
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More than meets the eye?...
Fritz Zwicky
1933: finds evidence for dark
matter in the Coma galaxy
cluster
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Vera Rubin
1970s: studies the rotation of
spiral galaxies.
Weighing galaxies
Galaxies were spinning faster than they should be!
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What we seeWhat we see
What we think is really there….
10 times as much as the luminous matter in the visible galaxy
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So, is the expansion slowing down?...
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redshift
‘Speeding up’ model
‘Slowing down’ model
Hubble’s law for nearby supernovae
Hubble diagram of distant supernovaem
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redshift
Latest results: still speeding up...m
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Early Universe too hot for neutral atoms to exist
Free electrons scatter light (as in a fog)
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Early Universe too hot for neutral atoms to exist
Free electrons scatter light (as in a fog)
After ~380,000 years, Universe cool enough for neutral hydrogen to form: the fog clears!
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Background radiation predicted in 1950s and 1960s by Gamov, Dicke, Peebles.
Discovered in 1965 by Penzias and Wilson
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
Robert Dicke
Jim Peebles
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COBE map of temperature across the sky
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CMBR ‘ripples’ are the seeds of today’s galaxies
Galaxy formation is highly sensitive to the pattern of CMBR temperature
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