PROF. WILLIAM KUNIN UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS...Field campaign results also raising interesting &...
Transcript of PROF. WILLIAM KUNIN UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS...Field campaign results also raising interesting &...
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P R O F . W I L L I A M K U N I N
U N I V E R S I T Y O F L E E D S
Concluding remarks
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AgriLand
A great deal accomplished.
A great deal left to do…
Source: http://rudebeast.com/funny-images/a-long-way-to-go/
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Next steps…
Extend & refine analyses
Explore application and impact
Unanswered questions for the future work…
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Extend and refine analyses
Additional variables to explore, e.g. effects of temporal variation, pollen resources.
Additional taxa to consider, e.g. hoverfly responses
Refined statistical approaches, to allow inter-relationships between variables to be accounted for
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Current analyses
“Dependent” variables: Bee abundance
Bee diversity Bee spp composition
Bumblebee abundance, etc Solitary bee abundance, etc
Phytometer pollination
Agrichemical use & intensity: Pesticide use (summed toxicity)
Fertiliser use Herbicide use
Grazing pressure “Management Intensity” index
Honeybee foraging density: Inferred from apiary sites
Random factors: weather on trap days
Survey team year
Habitat diversity & composition: Diversity of landcover
Arable, grassland and semi-natural fractions Ordination of landcover: succession, poductivity
“Quality” of landcover from expert surveys (All measured at 3 spatial scales)
Floral resources: Floral spp richness
Total nectar production Diversity of production
(All measured at 3 spatial scales)
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Additional variables to test
“Dependent” variables: Bee abundance
Bee diversity Bee spp composition
Bumblebee abundance, etc Solitary bee abundance, etc
Hoverfly abundance Hoverfly diversity
Hoverfly spp comp Phytometer pollination
Agrichemical use & intensity: Pesticide use (summed toxicity)
Fertiliser use Herbicide use
Grazing pressure “Management Intensity” index
Honeybee foraging density: Inferred from apiary sites
Random factors: weather on trap days
Survey team year
Habitat diversity & composition: Diversity of landcover
Arable, grassland and semi-natural fractions Ordination of landcover: succession, poductivity
“Quality” of landcover from expert surveys (All measured at 3 spatial scales)
Floral resources: Floral spp richness
Crop vs. wild flowers Total nectar production Diversity of production
Temporal variance in production Total pollen volume
Pollen amino acid content (All measured at 3 spatial scales)
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Planned analyses
“Dependent” variables: Bee abundance
Bee diversity Bee spp composition
Bumblebee abundance, etc Solitary bee abundance, etc
Hoverfly abundance Hoverfly diversity
Hoverfly spp comp Phytometer pollination
Agrichemical use & intensity: Pesticide use (summed toxicity)
Fertiliser use Herbicide use
Grazing pressure “Management Intensity” index
Honeybee foraging density: Inferred from apiary sites
Random factors: weather on trap days
Survey team year
Ge
ogr
aph
y:
Lati
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e
Lon
gitu
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Ele
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Habitat diversity & composition: Diversity of landcover
Arable, grassland and semi-natural fractions Ordination of landcover: succession, poductivity
“Quality” of landcover from expert surveys (All measured at 3 spatial scales)
Floral resources: Floral spp richness
Crop vs. wild flowers Total nectar production Diversity of production
Temporal variance in production Total pollen volume
Pollen amino acid content (All measured at 3 spatial scales)
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Explore impact and application
National Pollinator Strategy (NPS) 1. Evidence gathering on pollinator status and impacts of pressures
2. Priority policy actions
3. Commitment to review & refresh Strategy as evidence arises
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Explore impact and application
National Pollinator Strategy (NPS) 1. Evidence gathering on pollinator status and impacts of pressures
a. Develop & test a pollinator monitoring framework
b. Improve data standards for volunteer recording schemes
c. Expand pool of taxonomic expertise & capacity for pollinator ID
d. Improve volunteer recruitment for monitoring
e. Long-term specimen storage
f. Research relationship between pollinators & crop pollination
g. Research ecology of pollinator/wild plant interactions
h. Assess indirect benefits and value of pollinators to the public
i. Determine effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on pollinators & impacts on farmers’ crop & mgmt choices
j. Review risks posed by commercial Bumblebee production for other pollinators
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Explore impact and application
National Pollinator Strategy (NPS) 1. Evidence gathering on pollinator status and impacts of pressures
a. Develop & test a pollinator monitoring framework
b. Improve data standards for volunteer recording schemes
c. Expand pool of taxonomic expertise & capacity for pollinator ID
d. Improve volunteer recruitment for monitoring
e. Long-term specimen storage
f. Research relationship between pollinators & crop pollination
g. Research ecology of pollinator/wild plant interactions
h. Assess indirect benefits and value of pollinators to the public
i. Determine effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on pollinators & impacts on farmers’ crop & mgmt choices
j. Review risks posed by commercial Bumblebee production for other pollinators
![Page 11: PROF. WILLIAM KUNIN UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS...Field campaign results also raising interesting & little-studied questions: role of floral diversity, fertiliser, grazing pressure, trees](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050608/5faefa0c1dd95f58704a5026/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Need for pollinator (and pollination) monitoring to know if pollinators are declining, and to measure whether policy works
AgriLand shows it’s possible to sample at a national scale with finite resources
Pollinator monitoring
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Need for pollinator (and pollination) monitoring to know if pollinators are declining, and to measure whether policy works
AgriLand shows it’s possible to sample at a national scale with finite resources
Recent Defra contract to design an NPPMS
Pollinator monitoring
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Task 1: Scoping and review of exist methods and datasets
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Task 1.3 Understanding status and trends from existing datasets
1.1a Pollinators 1.1b Pollination Services 1.2 Links
Task 1.4 Power analysis of existing datasets
Task 1.5 Cost-benefit analysis of existing datasets
Task 2: Methods development
2.1a Pollinators 2.1b Pollination Services
Task 3: Sampling design
3.1a Pollinators 3.1b Pollination Services
Task 4: Pilot the proposed NPPMS
Tasks 4.1 Field test at sub-set of sites
Task 4.2 Identify indicators of trends
Task 4.3 Cost-benefit analysis
NPPMS overview of tasks and objectives
December 2015
May 2014
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Task 1: Scoping and review of exist methods and datasets
Ta
sk 5
.1 C
ap
aci
ty b
uil
din
g,
wit
h v
olu
nte
er r
eco
rdin
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Ta
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.2 D
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min
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on
Task 1.3 Understanding status and trends from existing datasets
1.1a Pollinators 1.1b Pollination Services 1.2 Links
Task 1.4 Power analysis of existing datasets
Task 1.5 Cost-benefit analysis of existing datasets
Task 2: Methods development
2.1a Pollinators 2.1b Pollination Services
Task 3: Sampling design
3.1a Pollinators 3.1b Pollination Services
Task 4: Pilot the proposed NPPMS
Tasks 4.1 Field test at sub-set of sites
Task 4.2 Identify indicators of trends
Task 4.3 Cost-benefit analysis
NPPMS overview of tasks and objectives
December 2015
May 2014
![Page 15: PROF. WILLIAM KUNIN UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS...Field campaign results also raising interesting & little-studied questions: role of floral diversity, fertiliser, grazing pressure, trees](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050608/5faefa0c1dd95f58704a5026/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Explore impact and application
National Pollinator Strategy (NPS) 1. Evidence gathering on pollinator status and impacts of pressures
2. Priority policy actions
a. Develop & publish a “Call to Action”
b. Inclusion of pollinator issues in CAP reform
c. Develop farm-based pollinator events
d. Improving and sharing IPM practices
e. Policy & practice for urban pollinators
f. Improve & implement honeybee pest control methods
g. Improve & encourage floral resource plantings
h. Improve knowledge sharing between scientists, NGOs & practitioners
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Explore impact and application
National Pollinator Strategy (NPS) 1. Evidence gathering on pollinator status and impacts of pressures
2. Priority policy actions
a. Develop & publish a “Call to Action”
b. Inclusion of pollinator issues in CAP reform
c. Develop farm-based pollinator events
d. Improving and sharing IPM practices
e. Policy & practice for urban pollinators
f. Improve & implement honeybee pest control methods
g. Improve & encourage floral resource plantings
h. Improve knowledge sharing between scientists, NGOs & practitioners
![Page 17: PROF. WILLIAM KUNIN UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS...Field campaign results also raising interesting & little-studied questions: role of floral diversity, fertiliser, grazing pressure, trees](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022050608/5faefa0c1dd95f58704a5026/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Inclusion of pollinator issues in CAP reform
Ongoing discussions with Defra, Natural England
With CAP reform, existing Stewardship programs are being re-drafted…
Pollinator conservation likely to be a key component of a farmland wildlife package
AgriLand results are already helping shape that package…
More impact likely as analyses are finalised
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Our original variables Our (tentative) findings
Floral resources (+?)
Habitat diversity (+?)
Pesticides (–?)
Honeybees (–?)
(weakly +)
Resource DIVERSITY (+)
+ (but only at fine & medium scales)
(weakly –)
Fertilisers (–)
(+! Apiaries set in good sites?)
Inclusion of pollinator issues in CAP reform
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Improve & encourage floral resource plantings
Floral plantings: popular components of Agri-enviroment schemes, urban landscaping and volunteer activities
Until now largely ad-hoc: easy-to-grow flowers that look attractive… with little evidence of their value to pollinators
AgriLand: Importance of floral diversity: traits, timing…
Our floral resource database will help optimise plantings: high resource spp, across the season
Plans to keep database growing: publish the protocols, allow addition of more wild & garden spp
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Questions for future research
Some surprising patterns in historical re-surveys – e.g. exploring the importance of edge habitats for pollinators
Field campaign results also raising interesting & little-studied questions: role of floral diversity, fertiliser, grazing pressure, trees as floral resources.
Questions from your break-out sessions…
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In summary
Pollinator research and conservation requires a Landscape-scale approach
The research is still on-going, but already some strong patterns are emerging
Growing evidence that both historical shifts in land use, and current land management have had big effects on pollinator populations and communities
Potential applications to pollinator monitoring, floral plantings and Agri-environmental programs.
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In summary
We set out to do something ambitious, that nobody had ever attempted before: to survey pollinators, floral resources and land management at a landscape scale across all of Britain.
We’ve largely succeeded – thanks to the efforts and ideas of researchers, field assistants, land-owners and public bodies across the country.
The job isn’t done yet, but it’s been an exciting and rewarding journey!
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http://www.natureconservationimaging.com/images/Anthophora-plumipes-flight.jpg
THANK YOU, and have a good trip home