Prof. Randy H. Katz Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley
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Transcript of Prof. Randy H. Katz Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley
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The Post-PC Era: It’s All About the New
Services-Enabled Internet
NTT DoCoMo LaboratoryPalo Alto, CA, USA
12 June 2000
Prof. Randy H. Katz
Computer Science Division, EECS Department
University of California, Berkeley
Berkeley, CA 94720-1776
[email protected] slides contributed by Prof. Eric Brewer and Dr. Steve McCanne
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Presentation Outline
• The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet• The New Services-Enabled Internet• ICEBERG Project• Summary and Conclusions
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What is the Internet?“It’s the TCP/IP Protocol
Stack”
• Applications– Web– Email– Video/Audio
•TCP/IP• Access Technologies
– Ethernet (LAN)– Wireless (LMDS, WLAN,
Cellular)– Cable– ADSL– Satellite
TCP/IP
Applications
AccessTechnologies
“NarrowWaist”
Transport Services andRepresentation Standards
Open Data NetworkBearer Service
MiddlewareServices
NetworkTechnologySubstrate
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Critical Evolution of the Internet
• NSFNet– 1st Gen (1985): 56 kbps /LSI-11s, six SC centers– 2nd Gen (1988): T1/IBM RTs, SC sites + regional nets– 3rd Gen (1991): T3/RS6000; Migration to MCI PoPs– 1993: Commercialization plan; NSF phase out by 4/95;
NCSA Mosaic– 1994-1995: Privatization of the NSFNet, ISP connectivity,
Network Access Point (NAP) Architecture– 1995- : vBNS, Internet2, Abilene
• WWW, Netscape• Telecommunications Act of 1996
– Massive mergers yielding giants like SBC, MCI-Worldcom-Sprint, AT&T-TCI, AOL-Time Warner, and new service providers like Qwest
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Metropolitan Area Exchanges/
Network Access Points
Tier 1 Connections: High speed FDDI switches + routers with huge routing tablesTier 2 Connections: regional connection pointsMAE does not provide peering, just connection b/w to co-located ISPs
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Various BackbonesQwest IP Backbone (Late 1999)Digex BackboneGTE Internetworking Backbone
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New Internet Business Model in the Post-PC Era
Global Packet Network
Application-specificOverlay Networks
(Multicast Tunnels, Mgmt Svrcs)
Application-specific Servers(Streaming Media, Transformation)
Internetworking(Connectivity)
Appl Infrastructure Services(Distribution, Caching,
Searching, Hosting)
Applications(Portals, E-Commerce,
E-Tainment, Media)
ISPCLEC
ASPInternet
Data Centers
AIPISV
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Services Within the Network: Caching and
Distribution
“Internet Grid”Parallel Network BackbonesInternet Exchange Points
Co-Location
Scalable Servers
WebCaches
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• Move data closer to consumer
• Backbone caches save b/w
• Edge caches for QoS• 4 billion hits/day@AOL!• Even more crucial for
broadband access networks, e.g., cable, DSL
ISP Backbone
Local POP
Local POP
Local POP
Internet
Caching Advantages for Service Providers
$$
$$
Eric Brewer
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Reverse CachingForward Proxy Cache
Cache handles client requests
Internet
$
Reverse Proxy Cache
Cache fronts origin server
Internet
$
Eric Brewer
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Surge Protection viaClustered Caches
Reverse caches buffer load across multiple sites
www.site 3.com
www.site 5.com
www.site 4.com
www.site 6.com
Internet
www.site 1.com
Hosting Provider Network
Reverse ProxyCluster
www.site 2.com
$ $
$ $
Eric Brewer
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$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
Content DistributionWe can connect these caches!
Internet
Hosting Provider Network
Reverse ProxyCluster
ForwardCaches
ISP Network
Push content out to the edge
Eric Brewer
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Isolatedmulticast
clouds
Traditionalunicastpeering
multicastcloud
multicastcloud
multicastcloud
multicastcloud
multicastcloud
Example: Application-level Multicast
Solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack
Steve McCanne
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Multicast as anInfrastructure Service
• Global multicast as an “infrastructure service”, not a core network primitive
– Circumvents technical/operational/business barriers of no interdomain multicast routing, management, billing
• No coherent architecture for infrastructure services, because of end-to-end principle
• Needed: Service stack to complement the IP protocol stack
– Open redirection– Content-level peering
Steve McCanne
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The Service Stack
TCPservice
IP service
ApplicationsEndHost
Router
Network
Services
End host
Services
End-to-endargument
here
Steve McCanne
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The Service Stack
IP service
Applications
DNS
EndHost
Overlay
Router
Network
Services
End host
Services
Infrastructure
Services
TCPservice
DNSstub
Steve McCanne
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The Service Stack
TCPservice
IP service
CacheServices
ProxyServices
Applications
DNS
EndHost
Overlay
Router
Network
Services
End host
Services
Infrastructure
Services
DNSstub
Steve McCanne
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The Service Stack
IP service
CacheServices
ProxyServices
Applications
DNS
redirection
EndHost
Overlay
Router
Network
Services
End host
Services
Infrastructure
Services
TCPservice
DNSstub
Steve McCanne
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Broadcast Overlay Architecture
Clients
Broadcasters
Content Broadcast
ManagementPlatform and
Tools
Steve McCanne
EdgeServers
Load Balancing ThruServer Redirection;
Content BroadcastNetwork
Content DistributionThrough MulticastOverlay Network
RedirectionFabricInter-ISP Redirection
Peering
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A New Kind of Internet
• Actively push services towards the edges: caches, content distribution points
• Manage redirection, not routes• New applications-specific protocols
– Push content to the edge– Invalidate remote content for freshness– Collate remote logs into a single log– Internet TV/Radio: streaming media that works
• Twilight of the end-to-end argument– Trusted service providers/network intermediaries– Service providers create own application-specific overlays,
e.g., cache and streaming media content distribution
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The Post-PC Era
• Services spanning access networks, to achieve high performance and manage diversity of end devices
• Not about specific Information Appliances • Builds on the New Internet: multiple application-
specific “overlay” networks, with new kinds of service-level peering
• Pervasive support for services within “intelligent” networks
– Automatic replication– Document routing to caches– Compression & mirroring – Data transformation
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The ICEBERG Project
“Beyond Third Generation Cellular
Networks:The Integration of
Internet and Telephony Technology”
Randy Katz, Anthony Joseph
http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu Cellular “Core” Network
Bridge to theFuture
S. S. 7
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The Future: Internet-basedOpen Services Architecture
“Today, the telecommunications sector is beginning to reshape itself, from a vertically to a horizontally structured industry. … [I]t used to be that new capabilities were driven primarily by the carriers. Now, they are beginning to be driven by the users. … There’s a universe of people out there who have a much better idea than we do of what key applications are, so why not give those folks the opportunity to realize them. … The smarts have to be buried in the ‘middleware’ of the network, but that is going to change as more-capable user equipment is distributed throughout the network. When it does, the economics of this industry may also change.”
George Heilmeier, Chairman Emeritus, Bellcore
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Policy-basedLocation-basedActivity-based
Speech-to-TextSpeech-to-Voice Attached-EmailCall-to-Pager/Email Notification
Email-to-SpeechAll compositions
of the above!
Universal In-box
Transparent Information Access
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ICEBERG Goals
• Demonstrate ease of new service deployment– Packet voice for computer-telephony integration– Speech- and location-enabled applications– Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the
PDAs, pads, pagers, phones (4 P’s)– Mobility and generalized routing redirection
• Demonstrate new service architecture supporting innovative applications
– Personal Information Management» Universal In-box: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail» Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager
– Home networking and control of “smart” spaces, sensor/actuator integration
» Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall
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Experimental Testbed
SimMillenniumNetwork
Infrastructure
GSM BTS
Millennium Cluster
Millennium Cluster
WLAN /Bluetooth
Pager
IBMWorkPad
CF788
MC-16
MotorolaPagewriter 2000
306 Soda
326 Soda “Colab”
405 Soda
Velo
Smart SpacesPersonal Information Management
TCI @Home
H.323GW
Nino
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ICEBERG Feature Set
• Potentially Any Network Services (PANS)– Any service can from any network by any device;
network/device independence in system design
• Personal Mobility– Person as communication endpoint with single identity
• Service Mobility– Retain services across networks
• Easy Service Creation and Customization– Allow callee control & filtering
• Scalability, Availability, Fault Tolerance• Security, Authentication, Privacy
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ICEBERG Architectural Elements
• ICEBERG Access Point (IAP)– Encapsulates network specific gateway (control and data)
• ICEBERG Point of Presence (iPOP) – Performs detailed signaling
» Call Agent: per communication device per call party» Call Agent Dispatcher: deploy call agent
• Name Mapping Service– Mapping between iUID (Iceberg Unique ID) and service end point
• Preference Registry– Contains user profile: service subscription, configuration,
customization
• Personal Activity Tracker (PAT)– Tracks dynamic information about user of interest
• Automatic Path Creation Service– Creates datapath among participants’ communications devices
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Transformation and Redirection
IP CoreIP Core
PSTNPSTN
PagerPager
WLANWLANCellularNetwork
CellularNetwork
H.323GW
GW
GW
GW
iPOP
iPOP
iPOP
iPOPIAPTransducer
Agent
RedirectionAgent
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ICEBERG Signaling System
• Signaling System– Distributed system w/agents communicating via
signaling protocol for call setup, routing, & control
• ICEBERG Basic Call Service– Communication of two or more call participants using
any number of communication devices via any kind of media
– If call participant uses more than one devices, must be used synchronously
• Essential Approach– Loosely coupled, soft state-based signaling protocol
w/group communication– Call Session: a collection of call agents that
communicate with each other
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Signaling: Call Session Establishment
Name MappingService
Preference Registry
Alice Bob
Carol
IAP
13
3 5
6
IAP7
8 9
1011
1314IAP 15
16
2
Call Agent Dispatcher
Call Agent
iPOP
4
Call Agent Dispatcher
Call Agent
iPOP
12
Call Agent Dispatcher
Call Agent
iPOP
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Conclusions
• Emerging Network-centric Distributed Architecture spanning processing and access
• Open, composable services architecture--the wide-area “operating system” of the 21st Century
• Beyond the desktop PC: information appliances supported by infrastructure services--multicast real-time media plus proxies for any-to-any format translation and delivery to diverse devices
• Common network core: optimized for data, based on IP, enabling packetized voice, supporting user, terminal, and service mobility