Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain...
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Transcript of Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain...
![Page 1: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Prof. Muhammad Saeed
![Page 2: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 2
Wavelength
Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral.
Color Models:
![Page 3: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 3
Newton’s Color Wheel Newton’s Color Wheel Replaced Aristotle’s color model based on light and darkness.
Color Models:
![Page 4: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 4
Color Models:
Spectrumultraviolet light
Wavelength (nm)700 600 500 400
• Seen in physics, physical phenomena (rainbows, prisms, etc)
• 1 Dimensional color space
Infrared light
![Page 5: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 5
Sensitivity and Models
![Page 6: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 6
Tristimulus Color TheoryTristimulus
Color Theory
• Any color can be matched by a mixture of three fixed base colors (primaries)
• Eye has three kinds of color receptors called cones
• Eye also has rods (low light receptors)
Color Receptors in EyeColor Receptors in Eye
0.20
0 .18
0 .16
0 .14
0 .12
0 .10
0 .08
0 .06
0 .04
0 .02
0 .00600560440 520 640400 680480
Wavelength λ (nm)
Fra
ctio
n o
f lig
ht
abso
rbed
by
each
ty
pe
of
con
e
Color Models:
![Page 7: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 7
Wavelength is in nanometers
Color Models:
![Page 8: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 8
Traditional, Artistic:• RGB
• CMY
• CMYK
• HSV
• HSL
Perceptually Based:• XYZ (Tristimulus)• Xyz• Hunter-Lab• CIE-L*ab• CIE-L*CH° • CIE-L*CH°• CIE-L*ab• CIE-L*uv
Color Models:
![Page 9: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 9
Color Models:
Tints, Tones and Shades:
White Pure Color
Black
Shades
Tones
Grays
Tints
![Page 10: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 10
Additive Primaries: (r,g,b)Additive Primaries: (r,g,b)
(1,0,1)(1,0,1)
(0,0,1 )(0,0,1 )
magentamagentamagentamagenta
whitewhitewhitewhite(1,1,1)(1,1,1)
(0,1,0)(0,1,0)greengreengreengreen
(1,1,0)(1,1,0)yellowyellowyellowyellow
(0,1,1)(0,1,1)cyancyancyancyan
blueblueblueblue
(1,0,0)(1,0,0)redredredred
Color Models:
![Page 11: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 11
Color Models:
(0,0,1 )(0,0,1 )blueblueblueblue
(1,0,1)(1,0,1)magentamagentamagentamagenta
(0,1,1)(0,1,1)cyancyancyancyan
(0,1,0)(0,1,0)
(1,1,0)(1,1,0)yellowyellowyellowyellow
(1,0,0)(1,0,0)redredredred
whitewhitewhitewhite(1,1,1)(1,1,1)
(0,0,0)(0,0,0)blackblackblackblack
graygraygraygray
RGB Model:
greengreengreengreen
![Page 12: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 12
(0,0,1 )(0,0,1 )blueblueblueblue
(1,0,1)(1,0,1)magentamagentamagentamagenta
(0,1,1)(0,1,1)cyancyancyancyan
(0,1,0)(0,1,0)greengreengreengreen
(1,1,0)(1,1,0)yellowyellowyellowyellow(1,0,0)(1,0,0)
redredredred
(1,1,1)(1,1,1)whitewhitewhitewhite
Color Models:
![Page 13: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 13
Looking at color cube along major diagonal
Color Models:
![Page 14: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 14
(0,0,1)(0,0,1)
Color Models:
(1,1,0)(1,1,0)yellowyellowyellowyellow
(0,1,0)(0,1,0)greengreengreengreen
(0,1,1)(0,1,1)cyancyancyancyan
blueblueblueblue
(1,0,1)(1,0,1)magentamagentamagentamagenta
(1,0,0)(1,0,0)redredredred
blackblackblackblack(0,0,0)(0,0,0)
Subtractive Primaries: (r,g,b)Subtractive Primaries: (r,g,b)
![Page 15: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 15
120˚
0˚
V
SH
1.0
0.0
240˚
yellowyellowyellowyellowgreengreengreengreen
cyancyancyancyanredredredred
magentamagentamagentamagentablueblueblueblue
• Introduced by Albet Munsell, late 1800s.
• He was an artist and scientist
• Hue: Color
• Saturation/Chroma: Strength of a color
– Neutral gray has 0 saturation
• Brightness/Value:
• Intensity of light emanating from image
Color Models:
H S V MODELH S V MODEL
![Page 16: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 16
SaturationColor Models:
![Page 17: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 17
James C. Maxwell’s Color ModelJames C. Maxwell’s Color Model
magentamagentamagentamagentablueblueblueblue
cyancyancyancyan
greengreengreengreen
redredredred
yellowyellowyellowyellow
unsaturated cyan unsaturated cyan unsaturated cyan unsaturated cyan
whitewhitewhitewhite
Color Models:
![Page 18: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 18
1.0
S
L
0˚
0.0
H
whitewhitewhitewhite
blackblackblackblack
redredredred
Color Models:
HLS Model (Hue, Lightness, Saturation)
![Page 19: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 19
Color Models:
HSV to RGB
![Page 20: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 20
Color Models:
RGB to HSV
![Page 21: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 21
Color Models:
CIE* Color SpaceCIE* Color Space
( X, Y, Z ) represents an imaginary basis that does not correspond to what we see
Define the normalized coordinates:x = X / ( X + Y + Z )
y = Y / ( X + Y + Z )
z = Z / ( X + Y + Z )
* Commission Internationale de l'Êclairage
![Page 22: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 22
x + y + z = 1
x = X / ( X + Y + Z )
y = Y / ( X + Y + Z )
z = Z / ( X + Y + Z )
z
y
x
The projection of the plane of the triangle onto the (X,Y) plane forms the chromaticity diagram that follows.
Color Models:
CIE Color Space of Visible ColorsColorsCIE Color Space of Visible ColorsColors
![Page 23: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 23
Color Gamuts: CIE Color ChartColor Gamuts: CIE Color Charty
x
1.0
0 .9
0 .8
0 .7
0 .6
0 .5
0 .4
0 .3
0 .2
0 .1
1.0 0 .2 0 .3 0 .4 0 .5 0 .6 0 .7 0 .8 0 .9 1.0
cyancyan
magentamagentaredredblueblue
green green
yellowyellow
400
490
500
510
520
600
700
580
560
540
whitewhitewhitewhite
Color Models:
![Page 24: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 24
ideal redideal redideal redideal redideal blueideal blueideal blueideal blue
ideal greenideal green ideal greenideal green
redredredredblueblueblueblue
green green green green
cyancyanyellowyellow
whitewhitewhitewhite
400 nm
490 nm
500 nm
510 nm540 nm
560 nm
580 nm
700 nm
600 nm
520 nm
Color Gamuts: CIE Color ChartColor Gamuts: CIE Color Chart
Color Models:
![Page 25: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 25
400
490
500
510
520
600
700
580
560
540
Color Gamuts: CIE Color ChartColor Gamuts: CIE Color ChartColor Models:
![Page 26: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 26
400
490
500
510
520
600
700
580
560
540
R
B
G
The Color Gamuts of different displays and printers are not likely to match. Printers usually have smaller gamuts.
Color Gamuts: CIE Color ChartColor Gamuts: CIE Color ChartColor Models:
![Page 27: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 27
Color Models:
CIE Chromaticity Diagram:
ZYX
Xx
ZYX
Yy
![Page 28: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 28
400
490
500
510
520
600
700
580
560
540
C2
C3
C1
The additive colors C1and
C2 combine to
form C3 on the
line connecting C1 and C2.
Color Gamuts: CIE Color ChartColor Gamuts: CIE Color ChartColor Models:
![Page 29: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 29
Color monitors are based on adding three the outputof three different light emitting phosphors.
The nominal position of these on the CIE diagram isgiven by: x y zRed 0.628 0.346 0.026Green 0.268 0.588 0.144Blue 0.150 0.07 0.780
Color Models:
Reproducible colors:
![Page 30: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 30
Color Models:
The monitor RG B representation is related to the CIE colors by the equation:
RGB to CIE:
B
G
R
zyx
78.0144.0026.0
07.0588.0346.0
15.0268.0628.0
Color (RGB) to Gray Transformation:Red *= 0.33,Green *= 0.56,Blue *= 0.11
![Page 31: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 31
CIE Chromaticity Diagram
Color Models:
CIE Model (Commission Internationale de I’ Eclairage):
![Page 32: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 32
Color Models:
Gamma Correction:
1'
'
)(
)(
ii
im
RkR
RKR
![Page 33: Prof. Muhammad Saeed. FUUASTDept. Comp. Sc. & IT2 Wavelength Note that the rainbow does not contain any magenta. It is nonspectral. Color Models:](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081602/5514d810550346b0338b5430/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
FUUAST Dept. Comp. Sc. & IT 33