Prof. Labitag (Property)

8/10/2019 Prof. Labitag (Property)

1/49

I

UNIVERSIry

OF

THE

PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE

OF

LAW

PROPERTY

BY

PROF. EDUARDO

A. LABITAG

DTFINITION.

Prope(y

is

a-rl

economic

concept,

meaning

a

mass

ot

rhirgs

useful

to human

activily

and which

a:re

necessa{/

to life,

for which

reason

they

may

be

organized

and distributed

in

one

way

or

anotlter,

but,

always

lor t}Ie

good

of

man.

In

order

tiat

a thing

may

be

considered

as

property,

it

must

have

a) utility

b)

substantivity,

i.e.,

an

autonomous

or

separate

existence

c)

appropriability

or

su

sceptibility

to appropriation.

,4.

Classification

under

the Civil

Code

l.

Immovable

or

Rcal

properry

-

Art.

4ls

a.

by

nature

415,

{1)

&

(8)

b.

by incorporation

(2), (3),

{7)

c.

by

destination -

{4},

(5), (6),

(9)

d.

by

a:raloey

4t

5,

{1OJ

Movable

or Personal

Property -

Arls.416-417

Cirses..

Dauao

Salrliill u.

Castillo,

61

phit.

709

Berh"enl


2/49

.:

PROPERTY

Prof. Eduardo A, Labitag

2.

impodance

and Signilicance

of Classifrcation

a.

From

point

of

view

of:

i.

Criminal Law

ii.

Form of contracts

involving

rnovables

or

immovables

iii.

Prescription

iv.

Venue

v.

Taxation

vi.

Double

Sales

under

Art. 1544

vii,

heference

of

Credits

vni. Causes

ofAction

to

Recover

3.

Differcnces

between

Real

Rights

and Personal

Rights

B.

By Ownerchip

1.

Res

Nullius

2.

Public Dominion,

(cf.

Patrimonial)

(Arts. 419,

+20-422,421)

a.

Property

of

Slate

}ft.42O

422

i.

For Public

Use

ii.

For Pubtc Seflrice

iii-

For

Development

of

National

Wealti

Cdses:

La

Bugal

B'la@n

Tibal AssrL

u.

Rd,,/rc's, G.R.

127882,

Jan, 27,

2OO4

on RecarLsideration

Dec. 1,2oo4,

Jan- 27,.2004,

Feb.

1, 2oo5

Clauez

o.

Public

Estates

A

tlLoitA,

384 SCRA 152

on

Reconsideratian:

Chauez

r.

L\lblic

Estates

Adhoritg, G.R.

No. 133250,

Mag

6, 2O03.

Usero u.

CA, G.R.

No. 152115,

Jan. 26,

2006

b.

Property ofMunicipal

Co.porations

-

Art. 424,

par.

1


3/49

...

)

.

PROPERTY

'

Prof.

Eduardo

A

Labitag

i.

For Public

Use

including Public

woiks for

Public

Sen'ice

3.

Pdvate

property

i.

Patrimoniai

Property

oI

State

-

Art. 424

ii.

Patrimonial

Prope..y_

of Municipa-l Corporatrons

- Art. 424

,

par

. 2

ni. Private Properq/

of

Pdvate Persons

-

Art.

+25,

paf.2

Cdses.'

Tantoco u.

Mufticipal

Council, +9

Phit. 52

Zamboanga

del

Narte

u.

Cita

of

Z,Lambodnga, 22 SCF.A 1334

Salas

u- Jarertcio,

46 SCIdA 743

Cebu u.

Bercilles, 66

SCRA

481

MunicipalitlJ

of Sa'n Miguel D. Fenande4

13O SCRA

56

Gouernmettt v-

Cdb(lngis,

53

Phil. 112

ClDuez

u

PEA G.R. 133250, JulA 9,

2CO2

oft Motion

for

Recansideratiory

MaA

6,

2003

4.

Effect

and

Significance

of

Classilication

of

Property

as

Properry

of

Public Dominion

a.

Property

is

Outside tl.e

Commerce

of Man

b. Property Cannot be the Subject of

Acquisitive

Prescription

c.

Proper-ty Caxnot be Attached

or

Levied upon in

Execution

d.

Prcpety Carlno

be

Burdened

with

a

Voluntary

Easement

c.

Other Classification

1.

By their

physical

existence

a.

Corporeal

b.

Incorporeal


4/49

.t'

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduado A"

Labitag

4

2. By

their

Autonomy

of Dependence

a.

Principal

b. Accessory

3. By their

Subsistence

After

Use

a. Consumable -

An. 418(11

b.

Non-Consumable

-

Art. 418

Differentiated iiom Fungible

or

Non-fungible

c.

Dereriorable

or Non- deteriorable

4.

'

By

Reason of

their Susceptibility to Division

a.

Divisible

b. Indivisible

5.

By reason of

Designation

a.

Generic

b.

Specific

6.

Existence

in Point

of Time

a. Present

b. Future

7,

Contents and Constifirtion

a. Singular

i. Simple

ii.

Compound

b. Universal

8.

SusceptibilitytoApf,ropriation

a.

Non-appropriable

b. Appropriable

i.

Akeady

appropriated

ii.

Not

Jret

Appropriated

9.

Susceptibility to

Comrnerce

a. Within

t]le

Commerce

of

Man

b- Outside

the

Comoerce

of

Man


5/49

PROPERTY

Prof. Eduardo A. Labitag

I]

OWNERSHIP

5

A-

Definitions.

Ownership

-

lt

is independent dght of exclusive enjoJment

and control of a thing lor t}le

purpose of deriving therefrom

al1

the

all advantages required by the reasonable

needs of

the

owner'

(or

holder oI the right)

and

the

promotion oI

the

general welfare,

but

subject

to

tl-re restrictlons imposed

by law arrd dghts

of

olhers.

{J.B.L.

Reyes)

Ownership

is a relation

in

private law

by

virtue

of

which

a

thing

(or property right)

pertairfng

io

one

person

is completely

subjected

to

his will

in

everj.tfring

not

prohibited by public

law or

the concurrence

with

the

rights of arothel.

{Scialoja)

B.

Bundle

of rights

included in ownership Art. 429

Jus

Utendi, Fruendi, Abutendi,

Disponeftdi,

Vindicandi,

lPossidendi)

C. otler Specific

Rights Found

in

CifJ

Code

Arts.

42g, 43o,

437,

434,440

a.

Right

to

Exclude;

Self-Help;

Doctrine of

Self

Help;

Elements

AtL.

429

b.

Right

to

Enclose

or

Fence

-

Art. 430

c.

Right

to

Receive Just Compensation

irr Case of

Expropiiation -

Ari- 435

d. Right

to Hidden Treasure

-

Arts.43A-439

e- Right to

Accession - Art. 440

f- Right to

Recover

Possession arld'/or Ownership

-

Jus

V

indicar,rii

i. Available Actions to

Recover

Possession/Ownership

Re:

Imrnovable Property

-

AccionReivindicatoria

-

Accion Publiciaia

-

Forcible Entry and

-

Ilnlau,'full)etainer


6/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A

Labitag

6

Cases:

Hilaio

u. Saluador,

G.R.

No.

160384,

APril

29,

2OOS

Sein?agaftg,.

CA,

G.R

No'

156360'

Jan. 14,2005

Santos

u-

AAon,

G.R.

No i37O13'

Ir'IaA 6,

2005

Ganillr

D. CA, G.R.

No.

150755i

Jltne

8,

2OAs

Ross

Rica S@les

C'enter

u' SPs'

ong,

GR.

-.Vo

132197,

Aug'

16,2005

?erdttd-Ialbrador

r.'.

Buarin, G'R

165177'

Aug

st

'

zs, zoos

'"

Rc:

Movable

Property

-

Replevin

ii.

Requisites

for

Recovery

-

Art

434

a-

Identiff

the

ProPertY

cdse:

Seriia

u.

Cabatlefl),

G.R'

rt'

D7382,

Aug.

17, 2OO4

b.

Prove

his tight

of oqdrership

-

rety

on strength

of

his

evidence

not

oi1

wealo:ress

of

defendant

Ari.

434)

Cq.sesj

Perez

o. Meftdozou

GR.

No'

L22OO6,

JuIa

28,

1975

Dizon

u. CA,

G.R. No.

101929'

Jatu.

6,

1993

D.

Lirnitations of

Rea.l

Right

of Ownership

1.

General

Lirnitation

a.

police

Power

b.

taxation

c.

eminent

domain


7/49

PROPERTY

Prof, Eduardo

A.

Labitag

2.

SpecilicLimitations

a.

by

law,

e.g.

lega.l servitudes

i.

Limitation From Scattered

provisions of

Civil

Code

Arls.

43 l,

432

Arts.2191, 677

679,67O,64,9 &

652, 637, 676,

644,6a4 oA

/

'

C.Isesj

U.S.

u. C.1usbA,

328

-tJ.S.

256;

66 Sup. Ct.

1062

,.

Lut'Lod

D.

Meneses'

il

Phil.

128

ii. Latin Maxirn:

Suc

Utere

Tuo flt

Alienum

Nar-

l,aedds -

Ar7.

431

iii.

Act

in State of

Necessity

- Art.

432

b.

by

party

tr.ansmittirrg

proPerty, be

it

in a contract,

or

last

will or

donation

c.

by owner himself,

e.8.

voluntarj.

servitude,

mortgage,

pledge,

lease

d.

inherent

lirnitations from conllict

of

rights

adsing from

'

contigEity

of

proPertY

III, RIGHT OF

ACCESSION

A-

Concept

-

Art.

440

B.

Ceneral Principles

of Accession

1.

Applicable to

both

accession

discreta an

accession

continua

a.

Accessory

Follows

ttre Pr-incipal

b.

No one shall be unjustty

enriched

at

ttre

expense

of

aJlother

2.

Applicable to

accession

continua


8/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

EduardoA.

Labitag

a.

Whatever

is build,

plantd or

sown

on

tl1e

land of

'

altother

ar1d

the

improvemenis

or repairs made

thereon,

belong

to the

owner

of

the land, subject

to

'

the

provisions ofthe following

articles

(358)'

b.

A11 Works,

Sowing

and

Planting

are Presumed

made

by Owner

and at His

Expense,

Unless

contraly

is

Proved.

c.

Accessory

Incorporated

to

Prhcipal

such

that it

cannot

be,

S+arated

.

without

Injury

to

Work

.

Constructed or

Destructlon

to Plantings,

construction

or

works

-

Art.

447

a.

gaa

Faith involves

Liabiiity

for Danages

ard

Other

'

Dire

Consequences

' .

6.

g"d

Faith of

one Party

Neutra-Iizes

Bad

Faitl. ol the

Other

-

Art.

453

3.

Applicable

to

accession

diacreta

alone

a.

Owrrership

of

Fruits -

To Owler

of Principal

Thing

belongs

tt'e

natural, industrial

arld

civil

FRUITS

(Art.

441)

exceptrons:

i,

Possession in

Good

Faith

ii-

In Usufruct

iii.

In

Lease

iv.

In Anticbresis

C.

Obligations

o{

Receiver of Fr-\rits

to

pay

eapenses

by 3rd

pelson

ln

production,

gathering

and

preservation

-

Ar:t.

443

D. Kinds ofAccession

1. Accessio,:r

Discreta

(Fruits) -

Art.

44O

a.

Natural

b-

Industrial


9/49

PROPERTY

Prof. Eduardo

A-

Labitag

9

c.

Civil

r

cases.'

Bdalvach

1.r.

Baclvach

u.

Accession

Continua

a.

Over

Immovables

Seiktt,

87

Phil.

117

TalisaA

SilaA,

56

Phil.

117

Industiial

-

Buildine,

Planting,

BPS

in

Bad

Fait]1

- Art.

449, 45o'

451

i.

Options

OPen

to

Owner

ofland

i a.

To acquire

building,

Planting

ar1d

sowing

BPS

has

right

of

ietention

posses$ol

1.

Artificial

or

Sowing

Pps)

a-

Orl'ner

is

Builder,

Planter, sower

,

Using

Materia.l

of

Anotbet Att'

447

-

In

Good

Faith

-

In Bad Faith

ffid

u.irrs

t i"

6w-n

uaterials

-

$ff:,r.

..

BPS

in

Cood

Faith

-

Art.448

b.

BPS

Builds

Plants

or

Sows

-

retains

without

paying rental

-

not

entitted

to

fruits;

his

rights aie

tl.e

same

as an

antichretic

creditor

b.

To

selt

and

to

BP

to lease

land

S

-

BP tnay

refuse

if

v'-rlue

of

lald

coasiderable

more

than

bP unless

owner

chooses

to


10/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A,

Labitag

10

acquire

bPS;

then

forced

lease

by LO

ard

BP

BPS in

Bad Faith

-

Art.

449,450,451

ii- rights

of

Builder

Planter Sower

rn

bad

faith

-

Art.

452, 443

-

Landowner

in

bad laith

but

ePS

;n

goocl

faith

-

M,

454,

447- reason

ior

adverting

to

rule 447

BPS

builds,

plarts,

sows

on

another's

land

with materials

owned

by

3'd

person

-

Art.455

Nota

Bene:

good

faith

does not

exclude

negligelce,

thus

daJnages,

negligent

one

may

be

madg

to

pay

darnages

-

A.t.

456

Cdses:

For Submissiort:

Outline

pennutations and legal resulls

oJ

brilder,

planter,

sou)er

and oumer

these

parties.

Bemordo

u. Bota.lun,

66

Phil.

596

Ignacio

u.

Hilario,

76 Phil. 6Os

Sarrnieftta

u.

Agdna, 129

SCRA

122

Depru.

u.

Durnlao,

136 SCRA

475

,

Tecli@gas

Phils.

V, CA,

268

SCP"A

5

Ortiz u,

KaAdnaL

92 SCRA

146

Geminiana

u.

CA' 259 SCRA

10

Pleasantuille

Deu\

Corp.

u. CA,

253

SCRA

10

Felices v.

Iiole,

G.R. No.

115814,

MaA 26,

1995

Spouses

NuE)id

u. CA, G.R.

No. io536o,

MdA 25,

1993; G.R. No.

151815,

Jdn.

23,

2005

A/rs.

447-455.

Take care

to iftdicate

the

ttLe

good

faith

or batl

faith

bg

lanrloLuner

ol

iuteiclt;

(rlso

tle

^ptians

opea to

ang

of

2-

Natural


11/49

PROPERTY

Prbf. Eduardo

A. Labitag

11

d.

Formction

ol

IslaJlds

Ar:L.46l-465

see: PD

1067,

Water

Code

Reverse

Accession

-

12O

FC;

321

CC

J.

Ovel

Movables

a Autetion Alluuium

Art.457

cdse:

Reyrubti

r't. CA,

132

SCRA

51+

Grdnd.e

u CA,

G.R.

No- L17652'

Jufte

30, 1962

Meneses,

Julli

14,

1995

b Al,'ulsion

Navar.o,

1997

c.

Change

oi Course

oi River

-

Art.

461-463

C se:

Baes

u.

CA,224

SC]aA

562

Binalag

u. Manalo,

G.R.

No.

92161

a.

Coniunctlon

and

Adjunction

i.

Inclusion

or

Engraftment

ii.

soldadur@

or

soldering

a.

Plunbohlra

-

different

metals

h. Femtmirntio

-

salne

metal

in.

Tejido or

Weavitr]g

iv. Escritura

or

writ:ng

v.

Antura

or

Painting

c. Commixtion

and Confusion

Case:

Sia,i

Vdlleg

Estates

u.

Lucasarl

G.R.

No.

t-7O46,

Aug.

31,

1955

So:ntos

o,

Bemobe..

54

Phil

19

c.

Specification


12/49

12

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A.

Labitag

]V,

OUILTING

OI.

TITLE

. A.

Differences

Between

Action

to

Quiet Title and Action:

- To

Remove

A Cloud

To Prevent

a Cloud

B,

Prescription

of

Action

-

Imprescriptible

if

plaintiff

is

in

possession;

if

not,

prescribes

within

period

lor

liling

accion

publiciana'

accioll

rei\ind

icaLoria

C..ses.'

Oluiga

u. CA,

G

R

No'

104813,Oct

21'2993

' PirLgol u.

CA, GR

'vo'

102909'

Sept

6'

1993

'- C-

Who

are

Entitled

to bring

Action?

Rule

64

Sec

l

par' 2'

Rules

of

,

Oourt.

D.

Notes:

1.

There

is a

cloud

on

title

to real

property

or al]y

interest

to

real

property

{Art.

476)

2.

plai;tift

has

legal

or equitable

title

to

or

interest

in the

subjecty'real

ProPerty

3.

Instrument

record

claim,

qtc.

must

be valid

arld

bilding

on

its

face

but

in truth

arld

in fact

invalid,

ineffective,

voidable

or unenforceable

4.

plaintiff

must

retum

beneflts

received

fiom

defendant

Cdse:

Tibng

t-).

Coun

of

Appeots.

G

R

No

I1t

14I,

h

6,

1998

5.

Actions

to

quiet

title

are

proceedings

quasi

i4

rem

Cese:

Sps.

Portie u Cislobol.

G.R

15617l

April

22,

2005

V.

CO-OWNERSHIP

A, Definition

The

right

of

common

domirion

wllich

two o

more

pelsons have

1n

a

spiritual

part

(or

ideal

portion) or a tiing

which

is

not

physically

divided,


13/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A Labitas

D.

Diffe+ei,ces

between

paltnerslip

and

co-olTrership.

t3

B.

ChaJaclerisli,

s

t.

1.

There

is

piurality

of

owners,

but

only

one

r6al right

of

ownership;

2.

'l]rre

recognition

of ideal

shares,

defined

but

not

physically

i.lentified.

3.

Each

co_owrler

has

absolute contiol

over

his ideal

share;

4.

Mutual

respect

arnong cd-owrrers

in rega-rd

to

use enjolYnent

and

preserwation of

ttring

as

a

whole

cd-se

Pardell u. BartolofiLe,23

PhiI.45o

C.

Differences

between

co-ownership

and

joint

tenancy.

cdse:

G.ttcL@liarL

v.

Collector,6T

Phil. 666

E.

Sources

of co

ownershiP

a.

Law,

e.g.,

party walls,

hedges

and

ditches;

co-ownership

ir1

hidden

treasuie

i.

Cohabitation

(AIt.

147

& 148,

Familv

Code);

Art.

- 90

on suppletory

application

of the

principles of

co-

ownership

to ACP

ii.

Purchase

(Art.

1452)

in.

Succession

(lntestate:

Art. 1078;

Testate:

Property

is

given

to

rwo

or more

heirs)

iv.

Donation

(Art-

753;

Article

573,2d

pai.\

v. Char.e

(,{fi.472)

Case:

s;,ari

Valleg

Estcfie

u.

Lucasory

stpra.

vi. Hidden

treasure

(Art.

348)

vn.

Easement

of

partjr wa1l

(Art.

658)

'viii.

Occupation

c,dse:

Punzalan

u.

Boon

Liat,

44

Phil.

320

.

ix. Condominium

Law

(Sec. 6{c) Rep-

Act

4725}

cdse:

Tuii Tolters

Condominium

Corporatiort

.

u. Coun

of Appeals,

G-R- No.

123552'

Feb.

27, 2003


14/49

PROPERTY

Prof. Eduardo

A. Labitag

14

b. Contract

i,

By

agreement

{duration

of

co-ovrnership,

Art

494)

ii.

Universal

Partnership

(Arts. 1778-1780)

iii.

Associatlons

and

societies

with

sec.et

articles

{Ar..

1775)

c.

Succession

d-

Chance

(Commixtion,

hidden

treasure)

e.

Occupation

(harvesting and

frshing)

F.

Rights

of

each

co-owner

as

to thing

owned

in common:

a.

To

use

the tli4g according

io the

purpose intended

may

be

altered

by

agreement,

express

or

implied;

provided:

i.

it

is

without

injury

or

prejudice

to interest

of

co-

ownershiP

ald;

ii.

Without

preventing

the use

of other

co_owners,

Ari

4a6

Cq.se:

Pardell

u-

Bartoloile,23

Phil.45O

b.

To share

in

the benefits

in

proportion to his

interest,

provided the

charges

are

bome

by each

in the

same

proportion

(Art.

485)

-

Contrary

stipulation

in

void

-

presumption

is that

portions are

equal

unless

contrarjr

is

proved

c.

Each

co

owrrer

may

bring

an action

in

ejectment

(Art.

487)

Cases:

Resuena

v. CA, C.R.

No. 128333,

March

?8.

2OOs

Acabal

u. AcabdL

G.R.

No.

122904,

Apnl

15, 2405

d.

To compel

other co-owner

to contribute

to

expenses

for

preservation of

t]1e thtrg

or fight owned

in

common

and to

payment

of

taxes

(Art.

4881


15/49

15

PROPERTY

Prof.

EduardoA.

Labilag

Co-o\me/s

option

'Iot

to

contribute

by

waiving

his

undivided

inierest

equal

to amount

of

contribudon

(exception:

if waiver

prejudicial to

co-ow'nership)

Reouisites

before

repairs

for

preservalion

may

be mae

ol

exppnses

for embellshmenl

or

improvement

may

be

made

(Art. 489)

EffecE

of failure

to

notlry

co-o['ners

To

oppose

any

aci of

alteiation;

remedy

of

other

co-o\

'rrers

re:

acts of

alteration

(Art. 491)

1

Acts

of

alteration

i-

Concept

-

any

change

i4iurious

to

the

thing

oEned

rn

cornfl}orl

r to

the

rights

oI

other

co-ow11ers

or

anY

cha.nge

materia.l

to

the

use,

destination

or

srate

of

t}ing

which

acr

is in

violation

of

the

express

or

tacit agreemerrt

of

tlte co_owners

ii-

Distinguished

from

acts

of

administration

Art'

492

iii Effect of acts

of

alteratiofl

and

remedies

of

non-

'

consenting

co_owier

f_

ea.ses.'

Lauadia

v. Cosm.e,72

Phil. 196

Melencio

u.

DA Tiao

InA,

55

Phil.

100

Tuqson

u.

TlasoL

BB

Phit.

428

g.

To

exercise

legal redemption

- Atl.

1620, 1623

cases.'

MonaTo

u. CA,

222

SCRA

736

Verdod u. CA,

256

SCRA

593

Query:

Is

lease

of real

Property

owred

in

colrlnon

an

act

of

alteratio4?

Art.

647

in relatior

to Art.

1878.t9J

a

To

protest against

acts of

majority

which

are

prejudiciat to

minority

(Art. 492

par.3l


16/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A.

Labitag

h

G.

1.

16

To

ask for

partition

-

Arl-

494

Cdses:

Ramirez

u.

Ramirez,2T

SCRA

384

Agtil(t

u. CA,

G.R

No 76351'

Oct.

26'

1993

Vda.

de

APe

u. CA'

G.R.

No 133638'

APil

15'

2oos

Other

cases

where

ght of

legal

redempticn

is

giver'

-

Arts

1621,

1622

Cdses.'

Hatili

u. CA,

G.R. No. 113539,

March

12'

1998

Frcmcisco

u.

Boiser,

G'R'

No

137677,

MdA 31'

2OOO

Implications

of

co-owners

right over

his ideal

share:

a.

Co-owner

has

the

right:

1.

To share

in

fruirs and

benefils

2.

To alienate,

mortgage

or encumber

ald

dispose

of

his

ideat

share

-

(but

other

co

o'"lmers

may

exercise

dght

of

legal

redemPtion)

3.

To substitute

a othel

person in

the

e4ioyment

ot

thing

4.

To

renounce

part

of

tris

interest

to

reimburse

necessaly

expenses

incurred

by

another

co-owner

(Art.

488)

b.

Effect

of

tr:ansaction

by

eactr

co-or1mer

Lt[ited

to his

share

in

ttre

partition

Transferee

does

not acquire

an-v

specific

porion

of

whole

property

until

Pa,rtition

Creditors

of

co-owners

may

intervene

in

partitibn

or

attack

the same

if

prejudicial

{Art.

499),

except that

creditors

ca$ot

ask

{or rescission

even

iI not

notilled

in

the

absence

of

fraud

{Art.

497)

1t.

ll1.

Casesi

Cal'uajal

D. CA,

112

SCRA

237

Pamplofta

u.

Moreto,

96

SCP-4

775


17/49

PROPERTY

Prof- Eduardo

A Labitag

17

Cdstro

u.

Atienza,

53

SCRA

264

Estoque u.

Paimula, 24

SCRA 59

Diuersirted

Credit

u.

Rosctdo,

26

SCRA 47A

PNB D.

CA,

98

SCRA

207

H.

Ruies

on co-owrrership

not

applicabte to conjugal partrrership

of

gains

or

absolute

community

of

property.

I.

Special rules on

ownership

ol

differenl

stories

oI a

house

as

differentiated

from

provisions

of Condomirium

(Act

No- 4726)

1. Concept

of Condomiiium

2.

Essentiai

requisites

for

Condominium

3.

Important

documents

to

consider

in

purchase

of

condon

J1ium

unit:

a.

maste,

Lrr enabling

deed

b. de,

l"ra Lon

ofrestdclions

c.

artir

les

&

byJaws

oI condominjum

corporaLion,

if

appLcable

d.

contract

of sale

Related Laws:

PD

957;

RA

6552

3.

Rights

and

Obligations

of

Condominium o\e.ner

C(,se:

Sutset

W1t Cottdomiftiurn

D.

Judge Canpos

G.R. No.

52361,

Apit 27,

1981

J.

Extinguishment

of

co-ownership

1.

Total destruciion

of thing

2-

Merger

of all interests

ilr

one

person

3. Acquisitiveprescdption

a.

By

a

third

person

b-

By

one

co-owner

as

agajnst the other

co-owrrers

requisites

and unequivocal

acts

of:


18/49

18

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A" Labitag

4.

i.

Unequivocal

acts

of

repudiation

of co-o"r'nership

t

lacts

amounting

to

ouster

of

other

co-owners)

known

to

otler

co-owT}ers

and

shown

by

clear

and

convincing

evidence

ii.

Open

arrd

adverse

possession,

not

mere

silent

possession

for

the

requil:ed

period

oI

c,


19/49

PROPERTY

Prof. Eduardo

A" Labitag

VI. POSSESSION

A.

De{ioition and

Con.epl

(Ar1.

523,

ci-;;

19

Possession is ti.e holdhg

of

a

thhg or the enjoj.rnent oI a right,

whether by

material

cccupation or by the fact

that

the

thing

or the right

is

subjected

to

the action of our will.

It

is a

real

right

independent

of an.i

apart ftom

ownership i.e., the

right

of

possession

Uus

possessionis

as distinguished

fron

the right to

possess

[iu

st

possidend i]

A. Essenfual reqursrlP

o,

possession:

B.

Differences betwecn

a

possession

and occupatiou

C.

Essential

rcq.rrsrles o[

possession:

a.

Holding

or contol of a thing or

right

(corpus)

consists of

,

either

;

i.

The

material or

physical

holding

or occupatlon

either

ii. Exercise

qf

a right

iii.

Constructive

possession

(intention

to

possessis very

crucrcl)

cd.ses: Ro,mrs u-

Director

of Lands,

39 Phil.

175

Director

us. CA,

l3O

SCRA

9

b.

lntenrion

to

possess (aninus

possidendl

D.

Degrees of

holding or

possessfui

1. Iuere

holding

or

possession

rr'/itlrout title whatsoever

al1d in

violation of the right

of

the owneri

e.g.

possession

of a thief

or

a

usurPer

ol

land.

2. Possession

with

juridical

tide but

not that of

ownership,

e.g.

possession

of tenant. depository

agent,

l,ailee Lrustee, lessee,

artichretic

c.editor. This

degree

of

possession

will neve.

ripen

into ful.l owlership

as

long as there

is no repudiation

of

concept

under

which

properfy is held.


20/49

PROPERTY

Prof. Eduardo A-

Labitag

20

3.

Possession

with

just

title or

tide

sufficient

to

transfer

ownership,

but

not

from

the

true

owner

e

g.

possession

of

ar

vendee

from vendor who

Pretends

to

be

the

o'wner.

This degree

of

possession

ripens

into full

ownership

by

lapse

of

time

4. Possession

with

just

title lrom

the true

o-*ner. The

delivery

of

possession tralsfers o'*,nership,

and strictly

speaking,

is

the

jus

possidendi.

E. Cases

ofpossession:

1.

Possession

for

oneself,

oi

possession

exercised

il

one's

owT

r

name and

possession

in the

nerne of another

-

(Art- 524)

2. Possession

in

the concept

of

an or'l'ner

end

possession in tl-te

concept

of

a holder with 1ie owrrership

belonging to

another

td

L. JzJl

3.

Possessicn in

good

faith arld

possessioq in bad

faiti

(Art.

s26)

Cdse:

Pleosanluille

Deu't. Corp.

u.

CA.253

SCRA

I0

a.

Mistake upon

a doubtful or

difficult

question

oflaw as

a basis of

good

faitl.

Case:

Kasilag t.

Roque, G.R.

No.

a6623,

Dec.

7,

1939

F.

What things or nghts

may

be

possessed.

Onty

things or rights susceptible

of appropriation

may

be

the object ofpossession

{Art.

53O)

G.

What may

not be

possessed

by

private persons

a- Rescnrtunuftes

;

b-

Property of

public

domirrion

c.

Right

under discontinuous

and/or

non-appa.rent

easement


21/49

PROPERTY

Prof. Eduardo A.

Labitag

21

H.

Acquisition

of Possession

Ways

of acquirirlg

possession

{Art,

531)

Material occupation

of

the thing

Subiection to the action

of

our

will

By

same

person;

eledrents

of

personal

acquisition

By his

legal

representative;

requisites

By

his

agent

By

any

person without any

power

whatsoever but

subject

to

ratification,

without

prejudice to

proper

case of

negotiorum

gestio

{Arts.

2L44), 4L29,2150)

Qualiiediy,

minors ald

incapacitated

persons

(Art.

s2s)

1.

The

doctrine of construcdve

possession

lncludes

constructive

delivery;

7.

Traditia breui rnrafi)

{thing

already in

tlansferee's

hands,

e.g.

uader a

contract

of

lease,

then delivered

uider

a

sale)

2. trarlitio

(nnstiilihtfi

possessonum (thing

remails in transleror's hands,

e.g.

sale,

then retailed under a

commodatum)

c.

Ploper acts arrd legal

formaliti.es

- refers

to

the

acquisition

of

possession

by

suficient title,

interuiuos or fiLor7b

causa,

lucrative or onerous.

Exarnple:

1.

lncludes

traditio longa manu

and

traditio

simbotic.l,

donations, succession

(testate

on

intestate), contracts,

judicial

writs

of

possession,

writ of

execution

of

judgments,

execution and

registiation of

public

instruoents.

Case:

Banro

Eswftol

Filipino

D. Peterso\ 7

Phit.

4O9

2.

By

whom may

possession

be

acquked:

(Arr. 532)

a.

b-

a.

b.

c.

1.

ii

e.


22/49

PROPERTY

Prot

Eduardo A.

Labitag

I.

3:

What do not affect

possession

{Arts.

537,

11

19)

b-

c-

Acts

merely tolerated

Mo.asaet

u.

Mot'osael,

C.R.

No.

15430

I

92,

a.

b.

d.

4. Rules to

solve conflict of

possession

(Art.

538)

General

Frrle: Possessio cannot

be

recognized in

t-wo

diferent

personalities;

except

in cases

of co-possession by

co-possessors

without conflict

clairrs

or interest.

1 :r case of

conllicting

possession

-

preleaence is

given

to:

Cdse:

Sept.

30, 2OO4

Acts

executed clardestinely

and

without the

knowledge

oI the

possessor

Acts by

violence

as long

as

possessor objects thereto

{i.e.

he fi1es a case}

(Art.

536i

Ca-sesr

Cua1.rcong u.

Benedicto,3T

Phil.78l

Astud{llo u. PHIIC,

73 SCRA 15

Peran u.

CF\

125 SCRA

79

Present

possessor

or actual

possessor

If

there are two or more

possessors,

the

one longer in

possession

If

dates

of

possession

are

the sarne,

the one

who

presents a title

If all

co.ditions

are equal, the

t]ling shall be

placed

in

judicial

deposit

pending

determination.

of

possession

or owrrership through

proper proceedings

1-

Effects ofPossession

In

general,

every

possessor

has

a dght

to

be respected

in

his

possession;

if

disturbed therein, possessor has

right

to

be

protected protected

i

or

restoled to said

possession (Art.

s39)

a.

Actions to recover

possession

summary

proceedings

-

forcible

entry and

unlalJlf.rl

detainer.

Plaintiff may ask for

lrrit

of


23/49

PROPERTY


23

pretminary

mandatory

injunction

may be

asked.

Within L0

days

from

filing

of

complaint in

forcible entry

(Art.

539)

Case: Yu

u. Honrado,

99 SCRA 273

The same writ

is available in unla&{ul

detainer

actions upon

appeal

lArt.

1674)

'

ii.

AcciorT

puliciona (based

on

superior right of

possession,

not of ownership)

rri.

Accion reiuidicdtoriQ

(recovery

of

ownership),

.

including right

to possess

1v.

Action for replevin

(possession

or

owrrership

lor

movable

propert5r)

b,

La&'ful

possessor

ca-n employee

seu

help

{Art.

429)

2.

Entitlemenf

to

fruits

-

possessor

iIl

good

faith/bad

faith

(Art.

544,549)

3.

Reirnbursement

for expenses

-

possessor in

good

faith/bad

faith

a.

Liability

{or loss or deterioration

of

properry

by

possessor in

bad

faith.

{Art.

553;

552)

4.

Possession

of

movable

acquired

in

good

(in

concept

of

owner)

is equivale$t

to tide

lArt.

559)

- Possessor

has

actual tit-le

which is

defeasible

only by

true

- One who

has lost

a

movable

or has

been

unla$fully

deprived

lhereof

may recover

jl

wihoul rei-(oburscmenl,

except

if

possesso,

acquired

it

at

a

public

sale.

J.

Effect

of

possession in

the

concept of

ol,Irer:

a.

Possession

may

be

lapsed of time

ripen into

fu1l

ownership,

subject

to certain

exceptions


24/49

24

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A.

Labitag

t)

c.

d.

t

h.

i.

PresumptioA

of

just

title

and

cannot

be

obliged

to

show

or

prove

il

IAfl.

541):

e-YcepLon

tArl.

I

l31l

Possessol

may bring

all

a(trons

necessaif/

1o'prolecr

nls

possession

except

accion

reivi'rdica

Ioria

Mav

employ

sell-help

under

Arr.429

;;*....;.

-mr,

,.t for

ins'

riprion

of

such

real

righr

ol

possession

in the

registrf'

of

property

i{as

right

to

the

fruits

and

reimbursement

lor expenses

iassuming

he is

a

possessor

-n

goo


25/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A.

Labitag

25

6.

a.

b.

d.

Present

possession

presumed

to be

the

possession

at

previous

time

&

has

coatinued

to

be

so

during

intervening

time,

unless

proved

conLrary

I

t38

{2).

Other presumptions

.with

respect

to

specfic

properties

oI

property

rights:

i.

Of

extension

of

possession

of real

property

to

a1l

movables

contained

therein so

long

as it is

not

shov,,n

that

they should

be excluded;

exceptions

(Art.

426)

ii.

Non-interruption

of

possession

of

hereditary

pr:operB,

(Art.

533

&

1078)

in.

Ofjust

title

in

favor

of

possessor

in

concept

of owrrer

(Art-

541;

but

see:

Art_

1141)

L

Possession

may

be

lost by:

Abandonment

Assignment,

either onerous

or

gratuitous

Destiuction

or total

loss

of thing or

it

goes

out

of comEerce

Possession

by another;

if

possession

has lasted

longer

than

one

year;

real right

of

possession

not lost

until

after

ten

(10)

yeErrs

- subject to

Art.

537

(acts

merely

tolerated,

etc.)

Usufruct

is

a rea-l right,

temporarjr

in

character

that authorizes

t}re

holder

to

enjoy

a1l

the

advantages

derived

from a

norlnal

exploitation

of

another's property,

accor.ding

to

its

destination

or

purposer

a'rld

imposes

and

ob)igation

of

restoring

at

t}re time

specified,

either

tl]e. thing

itself

or

its

equivalent.

VII.

USUFRUCT

R

C.

D.

Concept

-

(Art.

562)

Historical

considerations

Characteristics

of Usufruct

Usufruct

distinguished

from lease;

{rom

servitude

Classes

of Usufruct

.


26/49

PROPERry

Prof.

Eduardo

A"

Labitag

26

l.

By

origin:

a.

Volunta-ry

b.

Legal

-

Art. 321

cc; Art.

226

Family

Code

c.

Mixed

2.

By

person eirjoying

right

of

usufruct

a-

Simple

b.

Multiple

i.

Siraultaieous

ii.

Successive

Lirnil,ation

on

successive

usukuct

lfu1'

756,863

&

869)

3

BY object

of

usufruct

a.

Rights

-

(Art.

574)

b'

Things

1.

Noimal

2.

Abnoimal,

tregutar

or

quasi-usufruct

4.

By the

extent

of

the usufruct

a.

As

to rhe

fruits

1.

Total

2..

Partia.l

(Art.

598)

b.

As

to object

i.

.

Siosu-tar

ii.

Universa.l

(Art.

595)

- subject

to

provisions

of

Arts.

758 & 759

5.

By tlte terms

of

qsufruct

(Art.

564)

a.

Pure

b. Conditional

c.

With

a terrE

(Period)

F.

Rights of Usufructuary

1.

As

to the

thing

and its fruit


27/49

PROPERTY

Prot Eduardo

A Labitag

27

C


28/49

28

PROPERTY

Prot.

Eduardo

A-

Labitag

1.

At the

beginning

of

usufmct

ot

before

exercising

the

rrsufruct

A.

to

make

inventorv

(Art.

583)

1.

Requisites

of

inventcry

i

lmmovables

described

ii Movables

appraised.

2.

Exception

to

requirement

of

inventory

i

no

one

will

be

injured

thereby

{Art

5B5)

ii

tifle

constitutiog

usuiruct

excused

the

making

of

inventory

' :i"

*"r::Tl$"ns

usufruct

alreadv

mal


29/49

PROPERTY

Prol,.

Eduardo A. Labitag

I 1.

2.

29

1. Coflcept

of

extiaordina-ry

repairs

2.

Naked owner

obliged

to

undertake

them but

when

made by owner,

usufructuary

pays legal

interest

on the

anount

v/hile

usufi1lct

lasts

(Art-

594,

par-

1)

3. Naked

owne .arlnoi

tle

compelled

to unCerlak-e

eKra-ordinary

repairs.

a.

If indispensable

and

oqmer

fajls

to

underta.ke

ex.taordinarlr

repajrs

may

be

made by usufrucfuary;

rePairs

.

usufi:uctuarJ/

right

{Art.

594,

par. 2\

d.

To

pa1'for a :lrrual

chq4ges

and

taxes

on tl-e

fruits

f-

Co.se:

Board

of

Assesstuent

Appeak

of

Zarnboallga

delSrtr

u. Samat

Mining

CofipanA,

Inc.,

37 SCRA

734

To

notify

owner

of

aIry

act

detrimental

to ownerstip

(Art. 601)

To shoulder

the

costs

of

Iitigation

re usufruct

(Art'

602l

g-

To

alswer

for

fault

or

negligence

of

alienee,

lessee,

or

agent

of usufructuarJ/

(tut. 590)

At

t-l.e time

termination

of

the usui-uct

To

detver the

tling

in

usutruct

to

tile oi&,]ler

irr

the

cor1dition

in

which he

has

received

it,

ater

under-taking

ordinary

repajrs.

-

Exceplion:

abnormal

usulrucr

Special

Cases

of usu{ruct

1.

Usulruct

over

a

pension

or

Penodical

income

(Art-

570)

2.

Usufruct

of

property owned

irr common

(Art

582)

J


30/49

PROPERTY

Prof. Eduardo

A. Labitag

30

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Usufruct

of

head

of

cattle

{Art.591)

Usufruct

over

vineyards

and

woodla]1ds

(Arts. 575-576)

Usufruct

on

a

right

of

action

(Art.

57Bl

Usufruct

on

mo

gaged

property

(AIt.

600)

Usufmct

over

an entire

patrimony

(Art.

598)

-

Liability

of usufruchrary

for

debts

Usufrxct

over

deteriorable

property

{Art.

578)

{Isufrllct

over

consumable

property

io.

quasi-usufruct)

Art.574)

K.

Extinguishment.

of

usufruct

{Art.

603)

1-

Dea*rofusufructuary

2.

3.

4.

Exception:

i.

i

unless

a contrary

intention

clearly

appeals

E

J}rra.tian

of

period.or

fulfilLment

oi resolutory

condition

d

oI

usufruct

by

person constitutmg

the usuimct

cdses:

Baluran

L'. Nauarro,79

SCRA

309

NITA

u. CA, Butaciot

Garden

CorP.

u.

Manila

Seedting Ba'l.k

G.R.

No. 148830,

Apil

13' 2005

a.

time

that

may elapse

belole

a third

Person

atta.ins

a

certaifl

age,

eren if the

latter

dies before

period

expires

-

unless

granted

only

in consideration

of

his

existence

(Art.606)

Merger

of rights

of usufruct

and

naked o\rflership

in

one

person

Renunciation

of

usufruct

Limitations

I\4ust be

express

If

made

in

fraud of

creditors,

waiver may

be

rescinded

by

them through

action

under

Art.

1381.

5.

Extinction

or

loss

of

propefq/


31/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo A.

Labitag

b_

3'l

Il

destroyed

property is insured

before the

termination

ot

Lhe

usufruct

{Afl.

bo8)

1.

When

insurance

premium paid

by

owner and

usufructuary

(Art.

6O8,

Par. 1)

a.

If o'wner

rebuilds,

usufruct subsists

on

new building

b.

If owner

does

not rebuild

interest

upon

insuralce

proceeds

paid

to

usufruciuarj'

When

the

insurance

taken

by

owner

only

because

usuf.uctuarlr

refuses

Art. 608,

par.

2)

Owner

entitled

to insurance

mofley

(no

interest

paid

to

usufructuarjr)

If he

does not

rebuild, usufruct

continues

over

rernainirrg

land

a.nd/or

owner may

pay

interest

on

value of both

(Art.

607)

If owner

rebuilds,

usufruct

does

not

continue

on

new

building,

but owner

must

pay

interest

on value

on land a-nd

o1d

materials.

b.

3.

When insurance

taken

by usufnrctuari/

only

depends

on

value of

usufructuarJ/'s

insurable

interest

{::rot

provided

for in Civil

Code)

a.

Insurance

proceeds

to

usufructuar,'

b.

No

obligation

to

rebuild

e.

Usufruct continues

on t}Ie

land

d.

Owner

does

not

share in

insurance

proceeds

If destroyed

propeity

is

not insured

(Art. 607)

t-

If buildir:g

forms

pan

of

an

irrrmovable

undcr

u su&uct

If owner

does

not rebuild,

usulruct

continues

over

the

lald

and

materials

If owner

rebuilds,

usufructua.rir

must

allow owner

to

occupy

t.l-e land

and

to

mal


32/49

PROPERTY

Prof-

Eduardo A. Labitag

6.

8.

32

and larld

and

materials.

Termination

of

right

of

ferson

constituting

the

usufruct.

Prescription

Cases covered:

If third

parly acquires

o&nership

ot

ttring

or

property in usufruct

or

right of

ownership

lost

tlrough

prescription

or

right of usu{ruct

not began

l^,ithin

prescnptive period,

or

if there

is

a

tacit abandonment

or

non-user

of

tldng held in usufruct

for required

period.

What

do

not

cause extinguishment

of usufruct

a_

b.

Er,propriation

of

thing

in usufruct

(Art.

609)

Bad

use of

thing in usufmet

(Art. 810)

Owner's

righL

Usufruct

over a

building

{Art.

607,

608)

VIII. EASEMENT

OR

SERVITUDES

A.

Definition

-

Easements

or real

servitudes

is

a real

right

which

burdens

a thing with a

presentation consistlng

of determinate

servitLrdes

for

the exclusive

enjoJaarent of

a

person

who

is not

its

owner or

of a tenement

belonging

to

anottrer,

or,

it

is the

real

right

over

arl

immovable

by nature

i.e.

land

arrd buildings, by

virtue

of

which the owner

of ttle

same

has to abstain

from doing or to allow

sornebody else

to

do something

in

his

property for

the

benefit

of another thing/or

person.

B.

Essentialfeatlu:eof

easements/realservitudes/praedialservitudes

L

Il- is

a

real right, i.e., it

gives

an action in rem

or real action

against rny

possessor

of servient

estate.

2. It is a right

enjoyed over another

property

Uus

in

re

alrena)

-

i.e.,

it

cannot exist

in

one's

own

property

(nulti res

sua

seruii.

3. It is

a

right

constituted over an immovable

by nature

(Land

and buildings),

not

over

movables.


33/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

EduardoA. Labitag

4.

5.

6.

7.

B,

9.

10.

11.

C.

servient

Property

33

It

limits t}le servient ol{trer's

dght of

ownership

for

tlte

benefit

of the dominani

esrate.

Rrghl

oI timiled

use, but no

right

to

possess

seruient

estate.

Being

an

abrlbrmal

Iimitation

of ow:nership,

it

cannot

be

presumed.

It cleates a

relatior

between

tenements

It

cannot consist

in

requiring

the owner

of

the servient

Fslate

io do

c;r

act,

(s.rutus

in

fcciendo

,-onsislere

nequi4

unless

t-he act

is

accessory

to a

praedial

serwitude

{obligation

proptet

reni

Generally,

.it

may

consist

rn

the owner

of the

dominant

estate

demanding

that

ihe

o Laer

of the

servient

estate

refrairr

from doing

something

(senntus

in

non

faciendo),

or

that

the

latter

permit

that

sonethjng

be done

over the

(seruitus in

paterulo\,

but not

i].r

the

iight to

demand that

the

owrrer

of

the sersient

right to

demand

tllat

the o'rner

of the

seflrlent

estale

do sornrcthing

lseruitus

in

faciendo)

except

if

such

act

is aJr

accessory

obtigation

to

a

praedial servitude

(obligatfor.

propter reni.

(Characteristics

of easements)

:

It

is

inherent

or

inseparable

from

eslate

to

which

they

actively

or

passively belong

(Art- 617)

Jr

is intransmissible,

i.e.,

rt

cannot

be

alienarcd

sepaJately

from

t}Ie

tenement

afected,

or

benehted.

It

is

indMsible.

(Art. 616)

Ii

has

peflratreflce, i.e., once

it

attaches,

whether

used

or

not,

it

continues

and

may

be

used

at

anlrtirare.

Classilica'.ion

of Servitudes

1.

As,to

recipient

of benelits:

a Real

or

Praedial


34/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A.

Labitag

34

b. Persona]

(Art.

614

usufruet

togetlter

) IBut

note

that

under

Roman

Law,

with

usus

tvTbitatio,

aI].d

o?erde

serrorum

were

classilied

as

personal

servitudesl

2.

As

to course

or origin:

a.

l-egeJ,

whether

for

public

use

or

private

persons

(Art. 634)

b.

Voluntary

As

to

its exercise

(Art.

615)

a.

Continuous

b.

Discontinuous

As

indication

of

its

existence

(A'rt-

615)

a.

Appa;ent

b.

Non_appa.rent

for the

interest

of

3.

4.

5.

D.

By

the

object

or otiigation

imposed

{Art

616)

a.

Positive

b.

Negative

(prescription

start

to

run

from

seruice

of

notarial

prohibition)

General

ru1es

relating

to

servitudes

1-

No one

ca'r

have

a servitude

over

his ov'n

prope*y

(ru''lli res

sud

serL'iq

2. A

servihrde

carlrlot

consist

iJl doing

{seruials

in

faciendo

c/jnsisterc

nequitl

There

callnot

be a

servitude

over

another

seivitude

(Seruil s

senihrtes

esse

non

Potesq

4.

A servitude

must be

exercised

cifiter,

i.e.,

in

burdensorne

to

the

otner

of

the land.

5. A

seruifude

musl

have

a

perpefual

cause.

Modes

of

Acquiring

Easements

a

*aY 1ea"t

3.

E.


35/49

PROPERTY


35

Cdse:

North Negros

u.

Hidalgo,

63

Phil. 664

By tiUe-juridical act which

give

rise to ttre servilltde,,e.g- law,

donations, contlacts

or

wills-

Ccse: Dumangas

u. Bi.shop oJJaro,34 Phil.541

a. If

(asemenl

has

becn acquircd

but co proof

of

existence of easement

available,

and

easement

is

one

that

cannot

be

acquiied by prescription

-

then

1.

May be cured by deed of recognition by owner of

servient estate, or

2. By

finaljudgment

&.r.

1

2_

3.

Existence of arl apparent sign considered a title

wt.624)

i

Cdse:

Arnor

u. FkarentirTo,

74

Phil.

404

'

F-

By

piescription

ca.se: Rowluillo

u. Roco,

Rights

and

Obligations

of

Owners

Estates.-

63

Phil. 86

of

Dominant arrd Sersieot

1.

Right

of owner

of domfurant estate

To use

the

easement

(tut.

626) and exercise all

rights

necessar5r

for the use

of

the

(Art. 625)

To do at his expense, all necessarl/

works for the

use

aird

preservadon

of

the easement

(Art.

627)

ln a

riBht.

of way. lo ask

for

change in vridth of

easement

sufficient for

needs of

dominart

estate

(Art.

6s1)

cdse: De Lunat u.

Encomacion

t_.

Obligations ofthe owner

of

Dominant

Estate:


36/49

PROPERTY

Prof. Eduardo

A. Labitag

a-

To use

the easement

for

ltnelit

of immovable

a]ld

in

tl:e

rrla.rrner

originally

established

{Art.

626}

b-

To notify

owner

of

ser-vient

estate

before

making

repairs

and

to make

repairs

:in

a manner

least

inconvenient

to senient

estate

(Art 627)

c.

Not

to alter

easement

cr

render

it

more

burdensome

(Art.

627)

Case:

VdkJ-etdflL\

D.

Norih

Negros

,

48

Phil'

482

d.

To contribute

to expenses

of

works

necessarjr

lor

use

and

preservation

of servitude,

if

there

are

several

dominalt

estates,

uBless

be renourrces

his

interest

(Art. 628)

3.

Rights

of

owner of

seflrieDt

estate

a.

To

retain

ownership

arrd use

ofhis

property

(Art

630)

b.

To change

tlle

place

ald

maIlner

of

use

the easement

(An

629,

paL 2l

4.

Obligations

of

the servient

estate

a.

Not

to

impair tlrc

use

of the

easement

{Art.

628,

par'

1)

b.

To contribute

proportionately

to expenses

if

he uses

the

easement

l

n.62A,

Par'

2l

G.

Modes

of

kioguishmeot

of

Easemelts:

1.

Merger

-

must be

absolute,

pei'fect

and

deflnite, not

merely

temporary.

2.

By non-user

for

10

Years

36

a.

Computation

of the

period


37/49

PROPERTY

Prof. Eduardo

A"

Labilag

'37

(1)

disconti.uous easements;

counted from the day

they ceased

to be used

\2j

contifluous

easements:

countdd

from the day an

act adverse

to the

exercise

took

place.

b. The use

by a

co-owner

of tie

dominart

estate bais

prescription witl'

respect

to

the others.

(Art. 633i

c. Ser-vitudcs

nct

-ret

exercised

cannot

be

extinguished

by

non-user.

3.

Extinguishment

by impossibility

of use

4.

Expir.ation

of

tl'e

term

or

fulfillment

of

resolutory condition

5.

Renunciation

of

the

owler of

domina-rtt

estate -

must

be

specific

ciear,

express

(distioguis}ed

fraqr

non-usqr}

6.

Redemption

agreed upon

between

tl.e owners

7.

Other

causes

not mentioned

in

Art.

631

a.

Annulment

or

iescission

of

the

Title

aonstituting

t]le

easement

b.

termination

of

the

right

of

grartor

c

abandonrnent

of

tfeiiervient

estate

'

d-

eminent

domain

e.

special

cause

for

extinction

of

legal rights

of

way;

iI

right of

v/ay; if

right

of

way 1o

longer

necessary

H.

Irgal

Easements

1.

Law Goveming

l,egal Easements

-

a. For

public

easements


38/49

PROPERTY


38

1)

special laws arld .egirlalions relating thereto,

e.9., Pres. Decree 1067, P.D-

705

2l'

by the

provisions

of

Chapte. 2,

Tit1e \4I,

Book

II

New

Civil

Code

b. For

private

legal easements

1)

by

agreement

of

the interested

parties

whenever

the larv

does

not

prohibit

it

and no injul,

is

suffered

by

a third-

person

2) by

the

provisions

of

Chapter 2,

Tit-le

VII Book II

2-

Private

Lega.l

Easements provided

for by the

New

Civil

Code

a.

those

established for the

use

of water

or easements

relating to waters

(Art-

637-648)

1)

Natural

drainage

ofwaters

(Art.

637)

Cdse:

Orqsiako u.

Otlgsiaka

2) Easements

on lands

along

riverbanks (Art.

638),

See Water

Code

3)

Abutment

of a

daln

{Art.

639)

4)

Aqueduct(Art.642-646)

5) Drau/ing

waters

and

watering

animals

(Alt.

640)

6)

Stop

lock or sluice

gate

(Art.,

649)

b.

The easement of

right

of

way (Arts.

649-657)

Cdses:

Quben

u. CA, G.R. No. 112331,

MaU

29, 1996

Dduid.

Ctan u. CA" 268 SCRA 677

LLl Vsta

Assn.

v. CA, c.R. No.95252,

Sepl.

5, 1997

Vda, De

Beltazar

u. CA,

245

SCRA

333

Sps.

de la Cntz

u.

RamiscaL

G.R. No. 137882,

Feb. 4, 2OOs

c.

The easement

of

party

wall

(Arts.

658-666)

d. The easement

of

light

and

view (An.667-673)

e. The easement

of drainage

of buildings

{Arts.

67a-676j


39/49

PROPERTY

Profi Eduardo A. Labitag

39

f.

.

The easement

of distaice

for certain constructions

ald

plantings (Arts-

677-681)

g.

The easement against

nuisarces

(Art. 682-683)

h.

The

easement

of

lateral

arrd subjacent support

{Arts.

6A4-6A7)

Book IU

-

Different Modes of Acquiri.ng

Ownership

1.

MODE

AND

TITLE DIFFERENTIATED

Mode

is

llre

specdic cause

which

produces

domirion and

other

ieal

r-ights as

a

result

of

the

co-existeflce

of

specia.l

status

of

things,

capacity

and intention

of

persons

afld

fulfillment of the

iequisites oi lav,.

Title

is

every

juddical

right

which

gives

a

means

to the

acquisition of

real rights but

which in itselJ

is insufficient.

2. MODES OF

ACQUIRING OWNERSHIP

a.

Origilal

Modes -

which

produce the acquisition

of ownership

independent

of any

pre-existing right

oI another

person,

hence, free

lrom

ani

burdens

ol

encrlrarbrances.

i.

occupatioa

ii.

irtellectualcreation

b.

Derivative

Modes

-

based on a

right

previously

beld

by

another

person,

and

therefore,

subject to

the same

characteristics

polveas,

burdens,

etc.

as

when

held

by

previous owner.

1.

Law

-

e.g. registration

under

Act

496;

estoppel of title

undei

Art-

7434

cc;

marriage

under

absolute

community of

property system;

hidden treasure;

accession

{Art.

445); change

in

river's

course

(Ait.

{61}; accession

continua

over

movables

{Art.

466);

Arts, 681, 1456 CC, and

Art.

120 FC:

i-

Donation


40/49

40

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A.

Labitag

Succession

Presctiplion

Tradition

Requisites:

Pre-existence

olright

in

estate

of

granior

Just

causc

ol utle

for

lc

lransmission

Intention -

{of

both

grantot and

gr?.ntee}

Capacily

-

Lo

transmit

aj1ci

to

acquire

An act

giving

it

outward

form,

physically,

symboticaly,

or

legally.

Lesal

Maximi

",ryon

nudis

poctis,

sed

traditione'

dominio

rerum

transkrentur"

(Not by mere

aP,reement

'

bfl

by

delivery'

is

oflnershiP

trarlsferred)'

i

Kinds

ofTradition:

'::

'

:.

;

a.

Real

TladiLion

-

b.

Conskuctive

Tradition

:

i.

S)T nbotical

delivery

ii-

.

Delivery

of

Pubtic

lnstmme4t'-

}

iv.

Tla.ditio

BPA

manu

\.

Ttadiho

Consfitufum

Possessonum

vi.

Quasi-Tradition

vn.

Traditioa

bY

operation

oJ

law

3.

OCCUPATION

(1)

(2)

(3)

{4)

(s)

a.

b.

d.

e.

l.

Not applicable

to

ownership

of

a

piece

of

land

(Art. 7

1

4

CC)

Privilege

to

hunt

arld

fish

regulated

by special

law

(Art.

715)

Occupation

of a swarm

of bees

or domesticated

animals

(Art'

716)

-

see

also

Art.

560

Pigeons

and llsh

{Art.

717)

Hidden

treasure

(Att. 718)

see

also Ar:ts.

438-439

l,ost

movables;

procedure after

finding

lost

movables

(Art'

779-720|

INTELLECTUAL

CREATION

-

Intetlectual

Property

Code


41/49

PROPERTY

Prdf'Eduardo

A Labitag

(Rep. Act No.

a293)

Intellecrual

Property

tughls

(lPR):

a.

Copyrighl

&

relaled

rights

b-

Trademarks

&

service

marks

c.

Geographicindications

d-

Industrial

desi8ns

e-

Patents

I Topographies

of integrateC

circuits

g-

Rights

of

performers,

producers

of

sbund

recordings

&

broadcasting

orgs.

h ProtectionofurdisclosedinforEatioa

i.

Laws

repealed

by

t]le intellectua-l

Properuy

Code

(Sec 239)

All Acts

arld

part

of

Acts

iDconsistent

with

lntelectual

Propel

tv

Code,

ParticuiarlY:

-

Pres.

Decree

No. 49

- In

Lel.lecrual

Property

Decree,

including

PD 2aS

as

amended

-

Rep.

Act.

No. 165, as

amended

- Patent

Law

-

Rep-

AcL

No. 166, as

anended

-

Arts. 188

& 189

ofthe Revised

Penal

Code

DONATION

'

I.

Nature

of

Donatron

-

A

bilateral

corrtract

creating

unilateral

obligations

on

donor's,

Palt'

.

Requisiies

of

donation:

a.

Consent

and

capacity

of tire

parties

b.

Anit

ltts

donaidi

(caus\

c.

Delivery

of thing

donated

d.

Form as

Prescribed

bY law

Note:

There

mus

be

impoveristrment (in fact)

of

donor's

patrimony

and

enrichment

on

PaJt

of

donee)

lII.

Kinds

of

donatrons

1.

As to

its

taking

effect

a.

Inter

ui,os

{Ar-.s.729,73O'

731)

41


42/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo A. Labitag

b. Mortis

causa

\,\rt.

728)

c. Proptet

nuptias

(Arts. 82, 87, Family

Code)

2.

As

to

cause

or consideration:

a.

simple

b.

renumeraiory

c.

onerous-

(imposes

a

burderr

inferior

in

to

value

ProPcrtY

dona ledl

i.

improper-burderl

equai

ir1

vaiue

to

Property

donated

i.

sub-modo

or

modal - e.g.

imposes a

prestation

upon

donee as

to how

property donaied

will be

aPlied

{See:

Art.

882

C.C.)

iii.

mixed

donatioDs

-

negotiutrl

fiixfur/L

cltil

doft(ttione

e.g.

sale

for

price

lower

than value of

property

Cdse: Ingazo u.

Court

of Appeats,

287 SCRA 24

3

As

to elfeccvity

or

exting.,*fr-"rrt

a.

pure

b. conditional(Art.730,731J

i.

effect

of

aJ}

impossible

condition

c.

v/ith

a

term

4.

Importance of

classification

a. as

to

lorm

b. as

to

goverring

rules

c.

as to i&possible conditions

-

Art

-

727

,

11-83

5.

Char:acteristics

ol

a

donation

fltoras cousa

a. convey

no tltle or ovnership

before donor's death

b. before

donor's

death

transfer

is

revocable.

c.

transfer

is

void if donor survives

donee,

6.

Distinction between

donation

martis

causa

and

donation

inter

uiros.

1:

a.

what

is

irarportant

is the

@

of transfer

of

owaership,

even

U

transfer

of

property

donated

may be subject

to

a

condition

or a term.


43/49

PROPERTY

Prof;-Eduardo A. Labita

g

b.

importance of classfication

- validit5r

ald

revocation

of

donation.

cosesi

Bonsato u. Court

of Appedls,

95

Phil.

481

Gestopa D. Coutt of

Appeals, 342

SCRA 1OS

A stia-Magat u. CA,

G.R.

No.

106755,

Feb. 1, 2OO2

IV.

-

Who

Inay not

give

or

receive

dcnations

- Art..735,

737,734,741,

742

V.

Who

may

give

or

receive

donations

(Art' 736,

739

11027,

lo32l,

:"

74O,743'

744)

.'.i

Cdses:

Vitug

u.

Cottrt

ofAppedls,

1B3SCRA755

I

'

Henledes u. Court

ol

Appeals,

316

SCR4

347

Vl.

Acceptance

ol donauon

a.

who

may acceqt

lArt.

745,747)

b.

time

of acceptance

of

donation

inter

vivos

{Art-

746)

-

donation morlis

causa

Cd.se:

Lagazo u.

Court of Appeals,

287

SCRA

24

Vll.

Form

of

donations

a.

personal

ProPertY

{Art.

748)

b. real

property

(Att.

749)

c.

Rules

in Art-

748 and 749 not

applicable

to

i. onerous

donations

ii. modal

dona$ons

in. rlorris

c(Ir,sa donations

iv. donations

propfer tutpfies

Ca.se:

Sumipat

u.

Banga,

G.R,

No. 155810,

Aug.

13, 2OO4

VIII-

what

may be

donated

1.

AII

present

property, oi

par-t

thereof,

of donor

a.

provided

he

reserves,

in

futl

omership

o. usufruct,

sufhcient

means

for support

of

himself

arrd

all

43


44/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A Labitag

IX-

44

relatives

entitled to

be supported

by

donor

at

time

of

accePla,'li

e

lArl.

750)

Cc.se:

Calicdan u. Cendoha,

G-R-

No.

l55O8O'

l'eb. 5.

2004

i.'

b.

provideri

that

no

person

may

give or

receive

by

way of

donation,

more

than

he may

give or

receive

by

will

lAIj'.

752\ a-lso,

reselves

propErty

sulllcient

to

pay

clonor's

debts

contracted

before

donation,

otherwise,

donation

is

in

fraud of

creditors,

(Arts. 759, 1387)

If

donation

exceed

tfre

disposable

or

free

portion

of

tris

estate,

donation

is

inofficious.

Exceptjons:

a.

donations

provided

for

in

marriage

setdements

between

iuture

spouses

(Art.

a4, Farnily

Code;

Art'

130

C.C.) -

not

more

tharl 1/5

ol

present

property'

b-

donatrons

propter

nuptlas

by

an ascendant

consisting

of

jewelry,

furniture

or

clothing

not

to

exceed

1/

10 of

disposable

portion

(Art.

1O7o)

2.

what

may not

be

donated

a. future

propetty - meaning

of future

property'

Alything

which

donor

cannotdispose

of at

tie

time of

donatiorr

(A.r-t.

751)

exception:

marriage

settlements

of

firture

spouses

only

in event

of

death

to extent

laid

down

iTl civil

code

re:testarnentaS/

succession

(Art'

13O C.C.;

Art.

84 Fanily

Code)

Effeci

of

Donaticn

ln

general

Cqse:

Sllopper's

Poradise

Re.lltA u.

Raque, G.R.

No. 14B775,

Jan.

13,

2004

1.

Dooee

maydemand

actual

delivery

of ttring

donated.

2.

dorrce

is

subrogated to

rights

of donor

in

t-I-e

properly

donated

(Art.

754)


45/49

PROPERTY

Prof.

Eduardo

A Labltag

lAtt.

272;

7la3)

x.

Revocation

ard

Reduction

of

Donations

3.

4.

5.

6.

Donor

not

obliged

to

warralt

things

donated,

except

in

onerous

donations

in

which

case

donor

is

liable

for

eviction

up tCextent

of burden

{Art.

754i

Donor is liable

for eviction

or

hidden

defects

in

case

of

bad

faith

oo

his

part

(Art.

754)

In

donations

plgptPj-ltuplil,

donor

must

release

property

donated

from

mortgages

and

other

encumbra.nces,

unless

contrary

has

been

stipulated

_

{Art.

131

C.C.)

a.

Donations

propter

nuptia's

ol

property

subject

to

encumbraltces

are

valid.

Effect

of

foreclosure

{Art.

8s

FC)

Donadons

to several

donees

joiatly

-

no right

of

accretion,

except;

a.

Donor

provides otherwise

b.

Donatlon

to husband

a'rd

wife

johtly

with right

of

accretion

6us

accrescendi),

uriless

doooi

provides

otherwise

(Art. 753)

Special

provisions

t.

nese*atioo

by

donor of

power to

dispose

iir

whole

or

in

patt)

or

to

encumber

property

donated

(Art- 755)

2.

Donation

of

n

Prof. Labitag (Property)

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Transcript of Prof. Labitag (Property)