EthicsParable of the Talents ( Mt. 25:14-30) It will be as when a man who was going on a journey called in his servants and entrusted his possessions to them. To one he gave five talents, to another , two; to a third, one --- to each according to his ability. Then he went away. Immediately the one who received five talents went and traded with them, and made another five. Likewise, the one who received two made another two. But the man who received one went off and dug a hole in the ground and buried his masters money. After a long time the master of those servants came back and settled accounts with them. The one who had received five talents came forward bringing the additional five. He said, Master, you gave me five talents. See, I have made five more. His master said to him, Well done, y good and faithful servant. Since you were faithful in small matters, I will give you great responsibilities. Come, share your masters joy.

EthicsParable of the Talents ( Mt. 25:14-30) Then the one who had received two talents also came forward and said, Master , you gave me two talents. See, I have made two more. His master said to him, Well done, my good and faithful servant. Since you were faithful in small matters, I will give you great responsibilities. Come, share your master joy. Then the one who had received the one talent came forward and said, Master, I knew you were a demanding person, harvesting where you did not plant and gathering where you did not scatter; so out of fear I went off and buried your talent in the ground. Here it is back. His master said to him in reply, You wicked, lazy servant! So you knew that I harvest where I did not plant and gather where I did not scatter? Should you not then have put my money in the bank so that I could have got it back with interest on my return?

EthicsParable of the Talents ( Mt. 25:14-30) Now then! Take the talent from him and give it to the one with ten. For to everyone who has, more will be given and he will grow rich; but from the one who has not, even what he has will be taken away. And throw this useless servant into the darkness outside, where there will be wailing and grinding of teeth.

Ethics Part of Philosophy Concerned with: How to go about life. / What it meant to live well in world and to be just or fair in ones personal and professional life. A science of morality of human acts Science - a systematic body of knowledge meant to guide men in the pursuit of good and happy life Morality - quality of goodness and badness of human acts - foundation of every human society - indispensable knowledge

Ethics Money never sleeps. making money and making a lot of money greed wider gap between the poor and the rich Greed, for lack of a better word, is good. Greed is right because it works. Greed clarifies and captures the essence of the evolutionary spirit. Greed will not only save our paper economy, but will also save another malfunctioning corporation called USA. It seems that economic- welfare is everybodys priority in life. 1. When money talks, people listen. 2. desire of the contemporary man material things / plagued with wants 3. Everyones personal worth = what you have and not what you are 4. good and beautiful + fantasy of abundance, elegance, popularity and opulence

Ethics Kinds 1. General Ethics - pertains to the nature of the human acts and their relation to morality

2. Special Ethics - pertains to the application of general principles of morality to the particular actions of man as an individual and as member of the society. Ethics serves as guidepost in our private and professional life.

Professional Ethics by Panizo Ethics or Moral PhilosophyNecessary conditions for the preservation , progress and welfare of societyProvide a higher quality of service, more freedom and greater leisure for the members of the community - the common good Code of Ethics 1. define professional privileges, behaviors and responsibilities towards the members of the same profession and towards the members of the community in general. 2. promote professional quality 3. defend private professions from undue interference by the government or by other private agencies,

Professional Ethics by Panizo Ethics or Moral PhilosophyCode of Ethics 4. preserve the dignity of the profession and the confidence of the public. 5. defend clients from unscrupulous professionals. 6. fix certain standards of compensation for services or work.Morality and Professions 1. General Ethics as a foundation for professional Honesty and Integrity. 2. Lack of moral standards results in immoral practices

Professional Ethics by Panizo Ethics or Moral PhilosophyThree-fold purpose of professional fees 1. provide a reasonable income for professionals and their families 2. attract the right persons to the profession 3. gain advancement to the knowledge and skillDetermining the professional fees: 1. some are more or less standardized 2. custom or by a superior authoritysome are adjusted to the professional name of the firm or to the condition of the clientOthers are established on a percentage basis, on required manual work, time, skill risk, etc.

Professional Ethics by Panizo Ethics or Moral PhilosophyFor Engineers, Architects and Contractors 1. It concentrates on services to the clients and ethical relations among practitioners 2. Justice and fairness in stipulated contracts or bids, stated salaries and charges for services, competition with other firms and different professional dealings with clients, manufacturers, companies supplying construction materials, etc. 3. They should never work on a project which they know to be disadvantageous to the client. 4. They should be generous in criticizing others projects and continuously promote incentives, executive ability, honesty, and cooperation among themselves.

Morality Morality - Its imperatives: a. Existence of God b. Existence of freedom c. After life

- Its Sources: a. The act itself b. The end/ intention c. The circumstances

Christian Moral Life The Nature of Moral Theology Definition 1. Richard M. Gula S.S - a systematic theology which focuses on the implications of faith for the way we live - concerned with Gods revelation of divine love in Jesus and through the Spirit as an invitation calling for our response - regards the response to the initiative of Gods offer of love as the very soul of moral life 2. Servais Pinckaers, O.P.- a branch of theology that studies the human acts - so as to direct them to a loving vision of God, - seen as our true, complete happiness and final end - attained by means of grace, virtues and the gifts - in the light of revelation and reason

Christian Moral Life focuses on the person performing the action than in the action the person performs is a morality of Christian Discipleship The GOOD is the foundation and the goal of all moral striving. (Aristotle, Hedonists, Utilitarians) God who is good is the only center of value, the fixed point of reference for Christian morality. With faith informing reason on the nature of the good, the believer sees 1. God as the fullness of being, and 2. Gods actions as good because they flow from the divine nature which is LOVE. The Christian is moral because God is good. Morality is our responsibility, not to anyone nor to the demands of our rationality, but to God.

Christian Moral Life Things for reflections: 1. Morality has to do with who and what we are as human beings and with our legitimate development as persons. It applies to all human person, whether they are religious or not. 2. Authority does not create morality. Things are not wrong because they are forbidden; rather, things are forbidden because they are wrong. 3. Immoral and illegal are not the same things. Reasons for being moral: 1. Acting morally just to avoid punishment. 2. Acting morally simply out of enlightened self-interest. 3. Acting morally because of the inner conviction that human persons are unique, precious, worthwhile, that there is great intrinsic value in the human person, that human persons are worthy of our love.

Christian Moral Life Things for reflections: 1. Morality has to do with who and what we are as human beings and with our legitimate development as persons. It applies to all human person, whether they are religious or not. 2. Authority does not create morality. Things are not wrong because they are forbidden; rather, things are forbidden because they are wrong. 3. Immoral and illegal are not the same things. Reasons for being moral: 1. Acting morally just to avoid punishment. 2. Acting morally simply out of enlightened self-interest. 3. Acting morally because of the inner conviction that human persons are unique, precious, worthwhile, that there is great intrinsic value in the human person, that human persons are worthy of our love.

Morality

Sources of Morality Act itself - Human acts are classified into good, evil, or indifferent by their nature, independent of any command, regulations, or law

End / Intention An evil act which is done on account of an evil motive is grievously wrong.A good action done on account of evil motive becomes evil itself.A good action done on account of a good purpose acquires an additional merit.An indifferent act may either become good or bad depending on the motive.

Circumstances Circumstances may either increase or decrease the wrongfulness of an evil act.2. Circumstances also may either increase or decrease the merits of a good act.3. Some circumstances may alter the nature of an act.

Human ActsHuman acts - done with full knowledge and deliberation - Its modifiers: a. Ignorance b. Passion c. Fear d. Violence e. Habit

Human Acts a. Ignorance - Invincible ignorance destroys the voluntariness of an act. - Vincible ignorance does not destroy the voluntariness of an act, but it diminishes it, as long as the ignorance is not affected. - Affected ignorance does not have the effect of diminishing guilt. (There is full consent to the sinful effects which result from such ignorance. No real effort and no intention to avoid them).

Human Acts b. Passions - Antecedent passions ( those that precede an act) always lessens voluntariness and sometimes preclude it completely. Note: Even though imputability is lessened, a grave sin may nevertheless be committed. - Consequent passions ( freely accepted and deliberately roused; are direct results of the will which fully consents to them instead of subordinating them to its control) do not give rise to lessened voluntariness, but may even increase imputability.

Human Acts c. Passions - Acts done with fear are voluntary./ acting inspite of ones fear and in full control of oneself - Acts done out of fear, however great, is simply voluntary, although it is also conditionally voluntary. - Acts done because of intense fear or panic are involuntary.

Human Acts d. Violence - External actions performed by a person subjected to violence to which reasonable resistance has been offered are involuntary and not accountable. Note: Active resistance should always be offered. - If resistance is impossible a person can always offer intrinsic resistance by withholding consent, enough to save his moral integrity.

Human Acts e. Habit - Actions done by force of habit are voluntary in cause ( result of previously willed acts done repeatedly), unless a reasonable effort is made to counteract the habitual inclination.

Refer to values and virtues

MORAL CHARACTER Our moral choices shape and form our moral character. Our moral character gives rise to and conditions our moral choices.Conditioning Factors: Evaluative Knowledge Freedom ( not only to choose from particular responses or actions, but also to choose who and what we will become as persons) Emotions ( can guide our perceptions and moral judgments and give energy to our commitments and our drive to be good persons)

Ways of describing Good Moral Character

Being Fully Human ( to be good in the fullest sense)

Being a Loving Person (to love oneself, others and God)

Being a Virtuous Person (have acquired virtues and be able to practice them consistently in ones life)

Being a morally mature person

Christian Moral Life growing in LOVE and HOLINESS

a process of becoming authentically human

experiencing the liberating and transforming presence of Christ and bringing this to the world making it attain more effectively its destiny in JUSTICE, in LOVE and in PEACE