Prof. Drs. Sutarno, MSc., PhD.. Chromosomes are made up of Proteins and DNA DNA carries the...
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Transcript of Prof. Drs. Sutarno, MSc., PhD.. Chromosomes are made up of Proteins and DNA DNA carries the...
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Asam NukleatProf. Drs. Sutarno, MSc., PhD.
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Chromosomes are made up of Proteins and DNA
DNA carries the genetic information
This information is similar to digital information
Chromosomes
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Proteins make up the cell matrix as well as carry out all biochemical reactions which sustain life as we know it
So DNA & Proteins are both essential molecules of life
Essential Molecules
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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Asam Nukleat
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RNA
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The carrier of genetic information for all complex organisms.
• Long polymer consisting of 4 bases
DNA
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• Nitrogenous bases:AdenineGuanineCytosinThymineuracil
Nucleoside: Base + Sugar Nucleotide: Base + Sugar + Phosphate
Base, Nucleoside & Nucleotide
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DNA Chain
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The Double Helix
DNA molecules usually consist of two strands arranged in the famous double helix
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A bonds to T C bonds to G
Watson-Crick Base Pairs
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each strand of DNA has a “direction”◦ at one end, the terminal carbon atom in the
backbone is the 5’ carbon atom of the terminal sugar
◦ at the other end, the terminal carbon atom is the 3’ carbon atom of the terminal sugar
therefore we can talk about the 5’ and the 3’ ends of a DNA strand
in a double helix, the strands are antiparallel (arrows drawn from the 5’ end to the 3’ end go in opposite directions)
The Double Helix
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RNA is like DNA except:◦ backbone is a little different◦ usually single stranded◦ the base uracil (U) is used in place of thymine (T)
a strand of RNA can be thought of as a string composed of the four letters: A, C, G, U
RNA