Prof. dr hab. inż. Krystian Probierz Faculty of Mining and Geology

Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice

Oulu, 15 May 2014

Mining and mineral resources of Poland.

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2

Poland has a long mining tradition stretching back over 2500 years, when in the central part of the present Polish territory flint (striped)was mined out in mines, which were considered to be the biggest ones in Europe in those days

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Striped flint

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Amber Road

ancient trade route

At the same time also amber, which was very precious among others

in ancient Rome, was mined on the Baltic Sea shore.

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XII Century Salt mine

Wieliczka

KATOWICE

OPOLE

SZCZECIN

GDAŃSK

GORZÓWWLKP.

POZNAŃ

BYDGOSZCZ

ŁÓDŹ

WROCŁAW

OLSZTYN

WARSZAWA

BIAŁYSTOK

LUBLIN

KIELCE

RZESZÓWKRAKÓWGliwice

Rybnik

Bielsko--Biala

Zawiercie

Olkusz

Chrzanów

TarnowskieGóry

Bytom

Lubin

Sieroszowice

PolkowiceRudna

Kłodawa

GóraMogilno

Wieliczka

Grzybów

Machów

BaszniaGacki

Jeziórko GrębówWydrza

Wałbrzych

NowaRuda

RadzyńPodlaski Parczew

Włodawa

Chełm

Hrubieszów

Zamość

ŁęcznaBełchatów

Turów

AdamówKoninSieniawak. Sulęcina

Myszków

1

234

56

7

Fe-Ti

0 50 100km

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1561 Martin Helwig Silesia

map is reversed

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7

From early Middle Age was known that Silesia is rich in minerals,

especially gold ,silver and gemstone

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KATOWICE

OPOLE

SZCZECIN

GDAŃSK

GORZÓWWLKP.

POZNAŃ

BYDGOSZCZ

ŁÓDŹ

WROCŁAW

OLSZTYN

WARSZAWA

BIAŁYSTOK

LUBLIN

KIELCE

RZESZÓWKRAKÓWGliwice

Rybnik

Bielsko--Biala

Zawiercie

Olkusz

Chrzanów

TarnowskieGóry

Bytom

Lubin

Sieroszowice

PolkowiceRudna

Kłodawa

GóraMogilno

Wieliczka

Grzybów

Machów

BaszniaGacki

Jeziórko GrębówWydrza

Wałbrzych

NowaRuda

RadzyńPodlaski Parczew

Włodawa

Chełm

Hrubieszów

Zamość

ŁęcznaBełchatów

Turów

AdamówKoninSieniawak. Sulęcina

Myszków

1

234

56

7

Fe-Ti

0 50 100km

KATOWICE

OPOLE

SZCZECIN

GDAÑSK

GORZÓWWLKP.

POZNAÑ

BYDGOSZCZ

£ÓD

WROC£AW

OLSZTYN

WARSZAWA

BIA£YSTOK

LUBLIN

KIELCE

RZESZÓWKRAKÓWGliwice

Rybnik

Bielsko--Biala

Zawiercie

Olkusz

Chrzanów

TarnowskieGóry

Bytom

Lubin

Sieroszowice

PolkowiceRudna

K³odawa

GóraMogilno

Wieliczka

Grzybów

Machów

BaszniaGacki

Jeziórko GrêbówWydrza

Wa³brzych

NowaRuda

RadzyñPodlaski Parczew

W³odawa

Che³m

Hrubieszów

ZamoϾ

£êcznaBe³chatów

Turów

AdamówKoninSieniawak. Sulêcina

Myszków

1

2

56

78

9

0 50 100km

34

1- Cu

2- Zn-Pb

3- Fe-Ti

4- Mo-W-Cu

5-S

6- Nacl

7- Gypsum

8- Lignite

9-Bituminuos coal

9

Raw materials, mineral products Production , 10³ t

Bituminuos coal 79 234

Lignite 64 277

Crude oil 671

Natural gas (Mrd. m3) 5 ,300

Copper ore

Cu

Ag (t)

31 725

632 *

1,717 *

Lead and Zinc ore

Zn

Pb

2 491

181 *

77 *

Rock salt, NaCl 3 557

Sulphur, S 702

Gypsum and Anhydrit 179

POLAND, 2012

31

3

2

1

1

12

Mine/open pit

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Copper ore

Chalkotit Cu2S Chalcopiryte CuFeS2

Bornite Cu5FeS4

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The copper ore deposits are situated in the south-west of Poland, in Lower Silesia. These deposits are at the depths from 1000 – 1400 metres in the Permian – Rotliegendes and Zechstein sediments

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Geological cross-section

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 Copper ore series : shale , sandstones, dolomite - limestone

Copper contents : ~ 1,0% Cu.Ore minerals : chalkotite, bornite, chalcopiryte thickness : 0,4 – 26,0 m (average 2 - 5m)

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Extraction of the ore is carried out using the room-and-pillar method.