Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab Room 605 [email protected] Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module:...

Prof. A. Taleb-BendiabRoom 605

[email protected]://www.cms.livjm.ac.uk/taleb/lectures/cmscb3005

Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 11

Distributed Applications Services Distributed Applications Services For E-business For E-business

Part IPart I

Liverpool John Moores UniversitySchool of Computing and Mathematical Sciences


In this session…In this session…

E-business• Definitions• E-business Models

– Distributed product development scenario

– Virtual organisations

• E-business patterns• Requirements

Distributed Applications and Convergence Emerging web development technologies

– Thin versus Thick Clients

• Scripting languages

– Server side

– Client side

– Active Server Pages (ASP) vs Java Server Pages (JSP)


DefinitionsDefinitions

E-Business• Whole or part of an

organisation’s business activities are mediated by ICT.

• E-Commerce– The purchases of goods,

services and/or financial transactions mediated by ICT.

• E-work• M-Commerce

Few acronyms:• B2B, C2B, B2C• P2P – sharing and

interchanging resources with each other,

• A2A Etc. Source: SAP web siteSource: SAP web site


E-Business Environment E-Business Environment


E-Business ModelsE-Business ModelsReactive Mode Proactive Mode

• Extended Value Chain– Supply chain

• Contract Bidding model

– Demand chain

• Intermediary, 3rd party– Brokerage

• Buy/Sell, B2B, B2C

• Demand Aggregation, Virtual Mall, Auction broker

– Advertising, Infomediary

– Integration

• Search, Negotiation, Bargaining,

• Monitoring and Control.

• Service and solutions providers– Merchant, Manufacturer:

– Affiliate: IEEE, IEE, BCS, etc.

– Subscription, ISP, Communication

• New product/service development

– Market research

• Discover and publish

– Research and Develop

• Develop and publish


E-Business Hurdles #1E-Business Hurdles #1 Corporate Culture

• Lack of knowledge• Lack of vision – opportunities and threats • Lack of trust -- understanding risk, IPR, get paid

Organisational• Lack of knowledge and qualified personnel• Lack of executive awareness• Understanding cost of entry

Technological• Lack of interoperation between E-business application and

legacy systems and data• Lack of interoperation between IT systems of E-business

partners• Lack of standards

– business, – data/knowledge interchange, – Software and hardware


E-Business Hurdles #2E-Business Hurdles #2 Fraud

• Lack of– Security, privacy, user authentication, authorisation and integrity– International access -- trade barriers– Trust and risk of loss

• Legal issues – contracts, IPR, liability, etc.

Workpractices• Lack of business models• Lack of customer needs

– Relationship• Satisfaction and worries• not just an IP address and/or Credit Card Number

Other• Scalability• Complementary resources, capabilities including; access to

relationships, facilities, people, and knowledge


ComplexityComplexity

Customer Customer Relationship Relationship ManagementManagement

Supply ChainSupply ChainManagementManagement


Key RequirementsKey Requirements Marketplace Technology Requirements

• More efficient use of IT resources including;More efficient use of IT resources including;– Computing, storage, Computing, storage, – applications, data, etc.applications, data, etc.– Flexible integrationFlexible integration

• Low-cost industrial strength infrastructure with dependable Low-cost industrial strength infrastructure with dependable properties including;properties including;

– High-availability, reliabilityHigh-availability, reliability– High-security, etc.High-security, etc.

• Applications, people, technology, etc.Applications, people, technology, etc.• Freedom of deploymentFreedom of deployment

– Distributed either centralized or decentralised,Distributed either centralized or decentralised,– Owned and/or outsourced, etc.Owned and/or outsourced, etc.

• Ubiquitous and open architecture Standards

• More on this later on Other


Standard & SpecificationsStandard & Specifications Initiatives

• XML – www.xml.com• Open Application Group

– http://www.openapplications.org/– BizTalk Framework

• A set of guidelines application integration through use of; – Publish XML schemas – Use XML messages

• Leveraging existing data models, solutions, and application infrastructure - and adapt them for e-commerce.

• RosettaNet initiative: – E-business common protocols for trading-partners to;

• sharing “real-time” business information• business relationships – dynamic partnering• Integration of disparate purchasing/business practices. • http://www.rosettanet.org

• Open Catalogue– Specifications to address problems of e-catalogues

interoperability.• Web Services


POLICY•PKI•TPA•Compliance

SPECS.

IT S

peci

fic

Dic

tion

ary

and

PIPs

•Network Protocols Base Spec.

•PIP Metamodel•PIP Design patterns •Network Component

Communications Reference Model

EC

Sp

ecifi

cD

icti

on

ary

an

d P

IPs

RNIF LAYERS

Core

Common

Supply Chain

XML

Framework

Dictionary

Internet

PIPeProces

s

EC Application

Implementation FrameworkImplementation Framework


IBM Framework for E-BusinessIBM Framework for E-Business


Structure of the IBM Patterns for e-Structure of the IBM Patterns for e-businessbusiness


Building BlocksBuilding Blocks Infrastructure

• Carrier ($4K/month), Web Hosting ($6K/month)• Router ($100K), Web Server, App Server($100K)• Database Server (100 K), Storage (100K – 300Gb)• Load Balancing, Security, Caching (100K)

Applications• Content Management, Personalization• Transaction Engine, Ad Serving• Site Analysis, Campaign Management• Customer Support

Integration• Application Integration including; Web and legacy systems• Sales Systems Integration, Supply Chain Integration• Financials

Fulfillment


ArchitectureArchitecture


E-Business Applications Layers

Network Layer(IP)

Physical Layer

Protocol Stack Messages Protocol Stack

Transport Layer(TCP)

Network Layer(IP)

Physical Layer

Transport Layer(TCP)

e-BusinessApplication Layer

•Transaction Application•Distribution Application•Query-Response Application

(HTTP, HTTP with SSL, Sockets)

e-BusinessApplication Layer

•Transaction Application•Distribution Application•Query-Response Application

(HTTP, HTTP with SSL, Sockets)

Source: RosettaNetSource: RosettaNet


E-Business Protocols

Transfer Protocol

Protocol Stack Messages Protocol Stack

InternalBusinessProcesses

BusinessInformation

Supply Chain Business Processes

Action Protocol

Service Protocol

InternalBusinessProcesses

BusinessInformation

Transport Protocol

Security Protocol

Transfer Protocol

Action Protocol

Service Protocol

Transport Protocol

Security Protocol

Agent Protocol Agent Protocol

Transaction Protocol Transaction Protocol

Source: RosettaNetSource: RosettaNet


Example: Portal ServicesExample: Portal Services

Source: [3] IBM paper.Source: [3] IBM paper.


Evolution of Applications ArchitecturesEvolution of Applications Architectures

MainframeMainframe

Thick Thick ClientClient

Thin ClientThin Client

OS and Platform OS and Platform DependentDependent


MonolithicMonolithicApplicationApplicationMonolithicMonolithicApplicationApplication

Hosted Hosted ApplicationApplication

Hosted Hosted ApplicationApplication

PlatformPlatformindependentindependent




DistributedDistributedApplicationApplicationDistributedDistributedApplicationApplication



DesktopDesktopApplicationApplication

DesktopDesktopApplicationApplication



OS, Plat., InterfaceOS, Plat., Interfaceindependentindependent

OS, Plat., InterfaceOS, Plat., Interfaceindependentindependent

Distributed ApplicationsDistributed Applications

Server-based ApplicationsServer-based Applications

Services-based ApplicationsServices-based Applications


2-Tier Architecture2-Tier Architecture

SOURCE: FOURNIER

TIER 1:CLIENT

TIER 2:SERVER Server performs

all processing

Web ServerApplication ServerDatabase Server

Does not scale. Server does too much work.


3-Tier Architecture3-Tier Architecture

Source: Cynthia McFall, “An object infrastructure for Internet middleware”, IEEE Internet Computing, March-April 1998, pp.46-51


N-Tier ArchitectureN-Tier Architecture


From Centralised to Decentralised From Centralised to Decentralised Systems #1Systems #1


Decentralised Systems #2Decentralised Systems #2


Application Service ProvidersApplication Service Providers Outsourcing Mechanism

• Enterprise Apps, Collaborative Apps, Personal Productivity Apps• Web Hosting and Outsourcing of

– Location of equipment– Server Equipment (Web, Database..)– Networking Equipment– Storage, Backup, Security

• Web Content Delivery– Mirroring and Caching require significant infrastructure investments– Outsourcing can be more cost-effective

Application sourced externally• Mail.com handles email for many sites

Economies of Scale, Scope• Leverage market efficiency..competition• Minimize Capital Costs


SAN Definition• Multiple paths to each

resource

• Any-to-any connections

• Open structure using industry standard protocol

• No node dependencies, Fault tolerant.

• Optimised for large block transfers

• High bandwidth and high availability

• Scales up with no performance loss

Storage Attached NetworkStorage Attached Network


Server Clusters and web-hostingServer Clusters and web-hosting


Some ApplicationsSome Applications


Enabling TechnologyEnabling Technology


Next lecture...Next lecture...

Brief introduction to Java Overview of XML Web applications using Java and XML An example web application services Tutorial session


ConclusionsConclusions Increasing use of web technology

• Constant ICT evolution • Http becoming the ubiquitous protocol

Need for new software development approaches and tools

New application architectures

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