Productivity varies greatly in different parts of the ocean
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Marine ProductivityMrs. BrostromOceanography
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Productivity varies greatly in different parts of the ocean
Depends on: Availability of nutrients sunlight
In the tropics and subtropics sunlight is abundant, but has restricted upwelling of nutrients and results in lower productivity.
High productivity locally can occur in areas of coastal upwelling, in the tropical waters between the gyres and at coral reefs.
10-2
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Upwelling of deep, nutrient-rich water supports large populations of phytoplankton and fish. Peru normally is an area of upwelling,
supporting one of the world’s largest fisheries. Every three to seven years warm surface
waters in the Pacific displace the cold, nutrient-rich water on Peru’s shelf in a phenomenon called El Nino.
El Nino results in a major change in fauna on the shelf and a great reduction in fishes.
This can lead to mass starvation of organisms dependent upon the fish as their major food source.
10-4 Biological Productivity of Upwelling Water
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Toxins in Marine Organisms
Bioaccumulation: refers to the accumulation of chemicals in an
organism
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Sources of PollutantsMercury Hatting industry in CT Power plants Mad Hatter’s disease
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s) Coolant used in
manufacturing electrical components
Persistent organic pollutant
Endocrine disruptor
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Algae bloomsEutrophication:
Addition of artificial substances fertilizer/sewage (nitrogen, phosphorous) to an aquatic ecosystem
Causes algae blooms
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Lack of oxygen Aquatic organisms die, water changes color,
health problems
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Nitrogen in Long Island Sound
Hypoxia: Oxygen levels are too low to support lifeExcess nitrogen stimulates growth of aquatic
plants die consumed by oxygen-using bacteria
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Hypoxia Seasonal process Does not occur each year Influenced by
temperature, nitrogen input, weather
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SourcesNitrogen enters the LIS watershed through: sewage- failing septic
systems, CSO’s, wastewater treatment facilities
Fertilizer- runoff
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LIS 2002
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LIS 2012