Production of Ultra Slow Production of Ultra Slow Antiproton Beam and A Antiproton Beam and A

Cusp Trap for Cusp Trap for H SynthesisH Synthesis

Y.YamazakiY.Yamazaki

On behalf of MUSASHI Group, On behalf of MUSASHI Group,

ASACUSA CollaborationASACUSA Collaboration

Sept.25-26, Villars Meeting

Why intense ultra-slow/trappedWhy intense ultra-slow/trapped ps?ps?

4. Antimatter chemistry:4. Antimatter chemistry:HH22,,HH++,,HH22++ ,etc. ,etc.

11 ．． Atomic physics of "Heavy Electron" Atomic physics of "Heavy Electron"

　 　 Ionization by Ionization by p vs pp vs p

pApA++ Formation : exchange between Formation : exchange between p & ep & e--

pApA++ : A new probe of nuclear structure : A new probe of nuclear structure

2. Atomic physics of Antimatter 2. Atomic physics of Antimatter

H FormationH Formation

CPT symmetry with H vs CPT symmetry with H vs H (1S-2S, HFI, H (1S-2S, HFI, gravity)gravity)3. Non-neutral plasma physics3. Non-neutral plasma physics

P (P (p) + He p) + He

p (p (p) + Hep) + He++++ + e + e- - + + ee--

Double ionization of HeDouble ionization of He

a few body systema few body system

just Coulomb forcejust Coulomb force

small "Z”small "Z”

weak perturbationweak perturbation

howeverhowever ・・・・・・

After 20years After 20years ++((p)+p)+++++((p)p)==++(p)+(p)+++++(p)(p) by T.Morishita & Sby T.Morishita & S.Watanabe.Watanabe L.H.Andersen et al., PRL57 L.H.Andersen et al., PRL57

(1986)2147, (1986)2147, PRA38(1988)395PRA38(1988)395

pA pA FormationFormation

"n" controllable!!"n" controllable!!

ApeAR

e

Ap

Ap

ApApeeAAp

Knm

KK

eApAp

~~2

)(

J.Cohen, Rep.Prog. Phys.67(04)1769

rpp

r pe

N.Yamanakap+H

Branching ratio ： nucleon distr.

Recoil momentum: Fermi motion

Annihilation of Annihilation of p in p in pApA

Dynamics of Non-neutral plasma Dynamics of Non-neutral plasma with with psps

Separation of two Separation of two component plasmascomponent plasmas

(2,0)(2,0) (3,0)(3,0)

p :1x106, e-:3x108,

T~0.6eV, trise~5sec, tcool~30sec

Plasma heating & cooling feature

Non-neutral plasma dynamicsM.Fujiwara et al., PRL92(2004)06500

5

N.Kuroda et al.

Antiproton plasma

H H ProductionProduction

(1) p + e+ H + h(2) p + e+ + nh H + (n+1)h(3) p + e+ + e+ H + e+

(4) p + (e+e-) H + e-

(5) p + A H + e- + A

Realized by ATHENA & ATRAP

A new scheme to synthesize A new scheme to synthesize && traptrapH: H: cusp B-field + octupole E-fieldcusp B-field + octupole E-field

No instability in the cusp field

Magnetic bottle for neutral particles

Relaxation time to 1S state of H

Trajectories of 0.086meVTrajectories of 0.086meV H(1S)H(1S)

=80o =60o =40o

=20o = 5o sum

Trajectories of 0.268meVTrajectories of 0.268meV H(1S)H(1S)

H beam focused, intensified by 400 times

More than 99% spin polarized

Simultaneous confinements of p, e+, AND H

Automatic cooling

Intensity-enhanced Spin-polarized H beam

p determination 　 ppm or better

p magnetic moment p magnetic moment measurementmeasurement

Antiproton Decelerator Antiproton Decelerator (AD) (AD)

3.5GeV/c3.5GeV/c100MeV/c(100MeV/c( ～～ 5.3MeV)5.3MeV) 100keV100keV10keV 10keV KelvinKelvin

3digits

2digits

6digits

AD: 26GeV/c 1.5x1013 p/pulse

3.5GeV/c 4x107p/pulse

0.1GeV/c 3x107p/pulse

1digit

Further DecelerationFurther Deceleration

Now : 5.3MeV Now : 5.3MeV 100keV 100keV 10keV 10keV sub sub eVeV

Traditionally : 5.3MeV Traditionally : 5.3MeV 10keV 10keV sub eVsub eV Foil

degrader

Trap

RFQD

Vacuum

Isolator

Trap

Efficiency: ~0.1%

RFQD + LEBTRFQD + LEBT3415

5T Solenoid

RFQD

Multi-Ring Multi-Ring TrapTrap

LEBT+MRTLEBT+MRT

Harmonic potentialHarmonic potential

Spheroidal plasmaSpheroidal plasma

Rigid rotationRigid rotation

Multi-Ring-Trap Multi-Ring-Trap and Non-neutral and Non-neutral PlasmaPlasma

Non-neutral plasmaNon-neutral plasma

Rigid Rotation of Rigid Rotation of SpheroidSpheroid

CompressionCompression

T-dependent plasma T-dependent plasma modemode

Trapping, Cooling, Trimming, and Trapping, Cooling, Trimming, and ExtractionExtraction

El. Inj.El. Inj.

El. TrimmingEl. Trimming

10keV10keV

p Inj.p Inj.

CoolingCooling

El. Ejc.El. Ejc.

p p CompressionCompression

p Extractionp Extraction

Rotating Wall Compression of Rotating Wall Compression of p under UHVp under UHV

Transported Transported 3.5m downstream 3.5m downstream

3 small apertures*3 small apertures*

>30% efficiency>30% efficiency

* Differential pumping * Differential pumping of 6 orders of of 6 orders of magnitudemagnitude

Ultra SlowUltra Slow p p

ExtractionExtraction

Slow Extraction of Ultra -Slow Extraction of Ultra -Slow Slow p Beamp Beam

p accumulation and p accumulation and extractionextraction

ADAD 3x103x1077p/shot (5MeV)p/shot (5MeV)

30% 30% (30%)(30%)RFQDRFQD 9x109x1066p/p/

shot(0.12MeV)shot(0.12MeV) 70% 70% (20%) (20%) Isolation foilIsolation foil 6x106x1066p/shot(10keV)p/shot(10keV)25% (5%)25% (5%)MRT MRT

capturedcaptured1.5x101.5x1066p/shotp/shot

80% (4%)80% (4%)

MRT cooledMRT cooled 1.2x101.2x1066p/shotp/shot 50% 50% (50%)(50%)ExtractedExtracted 0.5x100.5x1066p/shotp/shot

Ultra-slow Ultra-slow p beam in 2004p beam in 2004

Stable trapping: More than 1 Million ps per AD shot

Extraction #: ~0.5 Million ps per AD shot

Extraction energy: 10-500eV

Extraction duration: ~10sec

Differential pumping of 6 orders of magnitude

Ultra-Slow Ultra-Slow p Beam from p Beam from 20062006

DC & Pulsed Ultra Slow p Beam

Time sharing　 dc/pulsed p beam distributor

SummarySummary

1. Intense ultra slow 1. Intense ultra slow p beam is ready from 2006p beam is ready from 2006

2. New cross-disciplinary field will start2. New cross-disciplinary field will start

3. The cusp trap could be a potential candidate 3. The cusp trap could be a potential candidate for the future for the future H study H study

H fraction to be trappedH fraction to be trappedAssumption : Assumption : Hs in 1S state, MB-distributionHs in 1S state, MB-distribution

Vacuum Isolation + 2D Vacuum Isolation + 2D PSDPSD

RFQD

LEBT+ Multi-Ring LEBT+ Multi-Ring TrapTrap

Multi-wire 2D PSD

Cooling Feature vs Electron Plasma Cooling Feature vs Electron Plasma RadiusRadius

Cooledps locate only where cooling electron plasma exist

(mm-ma)/m (qm+qa)/q (gm-ga)/g

e- vs e+ <8x10-9 <4x10-8 (-0.5±2.1)x10-12

p vs p (-2.5±2.3)x10-8 (-2.5±2.3)x10-8 (-2.6±2.9)x10-3

n vs n (9±5)x10-5 ---- ----

(e- vs e+) :cyclotron motion + Ps 13S1-23S1cyclotron motion

(p vsp) :cyclotron motion +pHe+(nl,n’l’) pA x-ray

n vsn :p+pn+n

Particles vs AntiparticlesParticles vs Antiparticles

Octupole trap +Octupole trap + p p plugplug

Secondary Electron Emission Secondary Electron Emission with Ultra Slow with Ultra Slow p Beamp Beam

Plugging of Plugging of (anti)proton(anti)proton

Sympathetically cooled with e+

H loss mechanismH loss mechanism

e.g., ~10mK Na trapping ~1sec @ 10-8 Torr & 0.025T

)(1031/ 4/13 cmTxB

rB

B

v

Majorana spin-flip

Spin-flip induced by e++H collisions

e+:108/cm3

Octupole trap +Octupole trap + p p plugplug

Multi-Ring Multi-Ring TrapTrap

Non-neutral plasmaNon-neutral plasma

Rigid RotationRigid Rotation

CompressionCompression

T-dependent plasma modeT-dependent plasma mode

Hydrogen & Hydrogen & AntihydrogenAntihydrogen

f1S-2S (H) = 2 466 061 413 187.2937 kHz

(Phys.Rev.Lett.84(2000)3232)

Proton charge radius : 0.862(12)fm vs 0.877(24)fm

HF(H)= 1 420 405 751,766 7 ± 0,000 9 Hz

( H) = (2,792 847 337 ± 0,000 000 029) N

(H) = (-2,800 ± 0,008) N

RycM

m

mM

M

N

p

p

e

ep

pHF

23)(3

16

Production SchemeProduction Scheme

Trapping/Cooling of AntiprotonsTrapping/Cooling of Antiprotons

AD AD degrader foil degrader foil Penning Trap : ~0.1% Penning Trap : ~0.1%

AD AD RFQD RFQD Multi-ring Trap: 4% Multi-ring Trap: 4%