Production of fragments with finite strangeness in reactions wihtin a GiBUU+SMM combined approach

Erice, 17.09.08

Production of fragments with finite strangeness in Production of fragments with finite strangeness in reactions wihtin a GiBUU+SMM combined approachreactions wihtin a GiBUU+SMM combined approach

Th. Gaitanos, H. Lenske, U. MoselTh. Gaitanos, H. Lenske, U. Mosel

Many thanks to GiBUU-group

IntroductionIntroduction

Theoretical aspectsTheoretical aspectsFormation of relativistic hypernuclei in simulationsNon-equlibrium transport dynamics (Giessen-BUU)Fragmentation mechanism (coalescence, statistical approaches, e.g. SMM)Hybrid approach (GiBUU+SMM)

ApplicationsBenchmark: p+X@SIS/GSI (spallation reactions), X+X@SIS/GSI, (ALADIN)X+X@2AGeV (HypHI), p+X@50GeV, X+X@20AGeV (J-PARC)

Final remarksFinal remarks

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Introduction…Introduction…Introduction…Introduction…

Knowledge of YN & YY interaction (strangeness sector of hadronic EoS) ?

important for physics of neutron stars

„Hyperon Stars“, ~60% neutron, but ~20% occupation of protons and strangestrange baryons

(N.K. Glendenning, astro-ph/9707.351v1; F. Weber et. al., astro-ph/0705.2708v2)

Knowledge of YN & YY interaction (strangeness sector of hadronic EoS) ?

important for physics of neutron stars

„Hyperon Stars“, ~60% neutron, but ~20% occupation of protons and strangestrange baryons

(N.K. Glendenning, astro-ph/9707.351v1; F. Weber et. al., astro-ph/0705.2708v2)

Formation of (exotic?) hypernuclei accessible in high-energy reactions (p+X, X+X)

HypHIHypHI: 12C(6Li)+12C@SIS (in progress…)

J-PARCJ-PARC: p+12C@50GeV, 12C+12C@20AGeV (in future…)

PANDAPANDA: Antiproton-Nucleus (in future…)

Formation of (exotic?) hypernuclei accessible in high-energy reactions (p+X, X+X)

HypHIHypHI: 12C(6Li)+12C@SIS (in progress…)

J-PARCJ-PARC: p+12C@50GeV, 12C+12C@20AGeV (in future…)

PANDAPANDA: Antiproton-Nucleus (in future…)

So far mainly from nuclear structure studies

Info on properties of strange baryons in neutron rich matter needed

e.g. (exotic) hypernuclei, e.g. 3HeY, 5HeY (Y=)

So far mainly from nuclear structure studies

Info on properties of strange baryons in neutron rich matter needed

e.g. (exotic) hypernuclei, e.g. 3HeY, 5HeY (Y=)

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Relativistic Hypernuclei…Relativistic Hypernuclei…

Production of Hypernuclei in Relativistic HICProduction of Hypernuclei in Relativistic HICProduction of many hyperons from BB->BYK (3-body PS)

Secondary rescattering (NYK)Multiple coalescence of hyperons with fragments

Theoretical FrameworkTheoretical Framework

Phase-Space evolution Phase-Space evolution

Transport equations of Boltzmann type, e.g. Giessen-BUU model http://www.physik.uni-giessen.de/GiBUU/http://www.physik.uni-giessen.de/GiBUU/

Description of fragment formation ?Description of fragment formation ?Statistical picture (SMM, A.Botvina & I.Mishustin), coalescence

Description of hypernuclei formation?Description of hypernuclei formation?simple coalescence in coordinate (Y inside fragmenting source) and in momentum space

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Theoretical description (pre-equilibrium dynamics, statistical Theoretical description (pre-equilibrium dynamics, statistical decay)…decay)…Theoretical description (pre-equilibrium dynamics, statistical Theoretical description (pre-equilibrium dynamics, statistical decay)…decay)… Initial non-equilibrium stageInitial non-equilibrium stage

•Relativistic transport equation of Boltzmann-type

•Giessen-Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (GiBUU)

Initial non-equilibrium stageInitial non-equilibrium stage

•Relativistic transport equation of Boltzmann-type

•Giessen-Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (GiBUU)

Asymptotic equilibrated stageAsymptotic equilibrated stage

•Fission/spallation, evaporation, multifragmentation… (with increasing excitation)

•Statistical determination of partial decay widths Monte-Carlo method

(basic method similar to numerical treatment of collisions in transport approaches)

Asymptotic equilibrated stageAsymptotic equilibrated stage

•Fission/spallation, evaporation, multifragmentation… (with increasing excitation)

•Statistical determination of partial decay widths Monte-Carlo method

(basic method similar to numerical treatment of collisions in transport approaches)

E*

Ai,Zi

E*

Ai,Zi

E*-

Ad,Zd

E*-

Ad,Zd

j,j,

AiAi Ad+nAd+n

(http://theorie.physik.uni-giessen.de/GiBUU)(http://theorie.physik.uni-giessen.de/GiBUU)(http://theorie.physik.uni-giessen.de/GiBUU)(http://theorie.physik.uni-giessen.de/GiBUU)

SMM code: Bondorf, Botvina & Mishustin, PR257(´95) 133

Q.Li, J.Q. Wu, C.M. Ko, Phys. Rev. C39 (1989) 849

B. Blättel, V. Koch, U. Mosel, Rep. Prog. Phys. 56 (1993) 1

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Theoretical description (hybrid GiBUU+SMM approach)…Theoretical description (hybrid GiBUU+SMM approach)…Theoretical description (hybrid GiBUU+SMM approach)…Theoretical description (hybrid GiBUU+SMM approach)…

Total energy (Etot=∫dxT00) of a „source“ Excitation energy: EExcitation energy: Eexcexc=E=Etottot-E-Ebindbind, of a , of a „source“„source“

local Pressures (Plong(x)=Tzz,Ptr(x)=Txx,yy) Anisotropy ratios QAnisotropy ratios Qcc (equilibration) (equilibration)

Total energy (Etot=∫dxT00) of a „source“ Excitation energy: EExcitation energy: Eexcexc=E=Etottot-E-Ebindbind, of a , of a „source“„source“

local Pressures (Plong(x)=Tzz,Ptr(x)=Txx,yy) Anisotropy ratios QAnisotropy ratios Qcc (equilibration) (equilibration)

Erice, 17.09.08Phys. Lett. B Phys. Lett. B 663663, 197 , 197 (2008)(2008)

Definition of residual nucleus: >sat/100.Definition of residual nucleus: >sat/100.

Non-Equilibrium dynamics within GiBUU until system(s) approach local equilibrium at t=tf

Determination of A,Z and Eexc at time tf, and then apply SMM

Non-Equilibrium dynamics within GiBUU until system(s) approach local equilibrium at t=tf

Determination of A,Z and Eexc at time tf, and then apply SMM

Dynamical aspects in Dynamical aspects in p+Xp+X and X+X reactions ( and X+X reactions (properties of „fragmenting properties of „fragmenting source“source“)…)…Dynamical aspects in Dynamical aspects in p+Xp+X and X+X reactions ( and X+X reactions (properties of „fragmenting properties of „fragmenting source“source“)…)…

[email protected]

[email protected]

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Benchmark-I: Benchmark-I: p+Xp+X reactions (global characteristics)… reactions (global characteristics)…Benchmark-I: Benchmark-I: p+Xp+X reactions (global characteristics)… reactions (global characteristics)…

Charge distribution…Charge distribution…

Mass distribution…

Mass distribution…

Phys. Lett. B Phys. Lett. B 663663, 197 , 197 (2008)(2008)

Exp. data:Exp. data:J. Benlliure et al., Nucl. Phys. A683 (2001) 513.F. Rejmund et al., Nucl. Phys. A683 (2001) 540


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Benchmark-I: Benchmark-I: p+Xp+X reactions (details)… reactions (details)…Benchmark-I: Benchmark-I: p+Xp+X reactions (details)… reactions (details)…

Phys. Lett. B Phys. Lett. B 663663, 197 , 197 (2008)(2008)



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Benchmark-I: Benchmark-I: [email protected][email protected] reactions (more details)… reactions (more details)…Benchmark-I: Benchmark-I: [email protected][email protected] reactions (more details)… reactions (more details)…

Pre-Equilibrium (BUU): high-energy n-emission, QE-pick

Pre-Equilibrium (BUU): high-energy n-emission, QE-pickAsymptotic equilibreated state (SMM): Statistical decay of excited sourceAsymptotic equilibreated state (SMM): Statistical decay of excited source

Final Result: Hybrid GiBUU+SMMFinal Result: Hybrid GiBUU+SMMFinal Result: Hybrid GiBUU+SMMFinal Result: Hybrid GiBUU+SMM

data: S. Leray et al., PRC65,044621 data: S. Leray et al., PRC65,044621

neutronsneutrons

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Dynamical aspects in p+p and Dynamical aspects in p+p and X+XX+X reactions (Spectators)… reactions (Spectators)…Dynamical aspects in p+p and Dynamical aspects in p+p and X+XX+X reactions (Spectators)… reactions (Spectators)…

SpectatorsSpectators

Well defined conditions after onset of instability…

SpectatorsSpectators

Well defined conditions after onset of instability…

AnisotropyAnisotropy

…and onset of equilibration

AnisotropyAnisotropy

…and onset of equilibration

Def. ofSpectatorsDef. ofSpectators

Y(0)>0.75 (ALADIN)+<sat/100

submitted (2008)submitted (2008)

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Benchmark-II: Benchmark-II: X+XX+X reactions (spectator fragmentation in [email protected]) reactions (spectator fragmentation in [email protected])……Benchmark-II: Benchmark-II: X+XX+X reactions (spectator fragmentation in [email protected]) reactions (spectator fragmentation in [email protected])……


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Hyperons formed from high- phase(B->YK,BB->BYK+PYTHIA) rescattering with „spectator“-particles

captured by cold „spectator“-clusters with high probability, e.g. 4,6He

In collisions of heavy nuclei (Au) difficult separation from pion-background (fireball)

Possible in collisions of light systems (Ca+Ca,C+C) with minor problems of pion-background (Fireball)

Hyperons formed from high- phase(B->YK,BB->BYK+PYTHIA) rescattering with „spectator“-particles

captured by cold „spectator“-clusters with high probability, e.g. 4,6He

In collisions of heavy nuclei (Au) difficult separation from pion-background (fireball)

Possible in collisions of light systems (Ca+Ca,C+C) with minor problems of pion-background (Fireball)

Light System

Heavy System

Formation mechanism of spectator-hypernuclei …Formation mechanism of spectator-hypernuclei …(X+X@3AGeV)(X+X@3AGeV)Formation mechanism of spectator-hypernuclei …Formation mechanism of spectator-hypernuclei …(X+X@3AGeV)(X+X@3AGeV)

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Hypernuclei from spectator fragmentation…Hypernuclei from spectator fragmentation…(HypHI, (HypHI, 1212C+C+1212C@2AGeV)C@2AGeV)Hypernuclei from spectator fragmentation…Hypernuclei from spectator fragmentation…(HypHI, (HypHI, 1212C+C+1212C@2AGeV)C@2AGeV)

Formation of hypernuclei from spectator fragmentation via coalescencecoalescence

(condition: Y inside radius of fragmenting source+momentum coalescence)

Formation of hypernuclei from spectator fragmentation via coalescencecoalescence

(condition: Y inside radius of fragmenting source+momentum coalescence)

Note: extremely lowextremely low total yields, e.g. orders of only view b for light He-hypernuclei

Consistent with previous studies: M.Wakai, NPA547(92)89cM.Wakai, NPA547(92)89c

Very small systemsless compressionless pions available for rescattering inside spectators

Very small systemssmall interaction radius for pions passing through spectator

Note: extremely lowextremely low total yields, e.g. orders of only view b for light He-hypernuclei

Consistent with previous studies: M.Wakai, NPA547(92)89cM.Wakai, NPA547(92)89c

Very small systemsless compressionless pions available for rescattering inside spectators

Very small systemssmall interaction radius for pions passing through spectator


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Hypernuclei from high energy proton-induced reactions…Hypernuclei from high energy proton-induced reactions…(J-PARC, (J-PARC, p+p+1212C@50GeV)C@50GeV)Hypernuclei from high energy proton-induced reactions…Hypernuclei from high energy proton-induced reactions…(J-PARC, (J-PARC, p+p+1212C@50GeV)C@50GeV)

Two sources (residual target+moving source)

Stable conditions after resonance decay

Most of hyperons created & rescatter inside moving source

Two sources (residual target+moving source)

Stable conditions after resonance decay

Most of hyperons created & rescatter inside moving source


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Final remarks & Outlook…Final remarks & Outlook…

Fragmentation in reactions within “hybrid” GiBUU+SMMFragmentation in reactions within “hybrid” GiBUU+SMM BUU: non-equilibrium dynamics, info on onset of equilibration & instabilities Ground state stability important in extracting Ex

SMM(Botvina/Mishustin): statistical decay of excited configuration

Fragmentation in proton-induced reactions & HICFragmentation in proton-induced reactions & HIC GiGiBUU+SMM combined approach for fragmentation reactions reasonable description of a wide selection of exp. data

First transport predictions for future HypHI-project at GSI First transport predictions for future HypHI-project at GSI Light hyperfragment production from spectators with high probability (however, coalescence picture too simple…)

Future/under progress developmentsFuture/under progress developments Better description for strangeness sector of mean-field (in progress)

Hyperfragment description more consistent: GiBUU+HypSMM: would be an important extension for HypHIA.S. Botvina, J. Pochodzalla, Phys. Rev. C76 (2007) 024909.

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Relativistic Thomas-Fermi…Relativistic Thomas-Fermi…

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Improved ground state in BUU…Improved ground state in BUU…

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Transport equations of Boltzmann-type, very old story…Transport equations of Boltzmann-type, very old story…Transport equations of Boltzmann-type, very old story…Transport equations of Boltzmann-type, very old story…

1. Primer1. Primer L. Boltzmann, Wien. Ber. 66 (1872) 275

2. Primer…2. Primer…L. Nordheim, Proc. R. Soc. London A119 (1928) 689

E.A. Uehling, G.E. Uhlenbeck, Phys. Rev. 43 (1933) 552

Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background

Non-Relativistic kinetic theory

L.P. Kadanoff, G. Baym, „Quantum Statistical Mechanics“ (Benjamin, N.Y. 1962)

Relativistic kinetic theory

S.R. de Groot, W.A. van Leeuwen, C.G. van Weert

„Relativistic kinetic theory“ (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1980)

Modern Relativistic Quantum Transport Theory

W. Botermans, R. Malfliet, Phys. Rep. 198 (1990) 115 (difficult to understand…)

First applications to HIC…First applications to HIC…

P. Danielewicz, Ann. Phys. 152 (1984) 239 & 305

G.F. Bertsch, S. Das Gupta, Phys. Rep. 160 (1988) 189

First relativistic applications to HIC…First relativistic applications to HIC…

Giessen-group (PhD-Thesis of B. Blättel, V. Koch & U. Mosel/W. Cassing ~1990)

B. Blättel, V. Koch, U. Mosel, Rep. Prog. Phys. 56 (1993) 1

1. Primer1. Primer L. Boltzmann, Wien. Ber. 66 (1872) 275

2. Primer…2. Primer…L. Nordheim, Proc. R. Soc. London A119 (1928) 689

E.A. Uehling, G.E. Uhlenbeck, Phys. Rev. 43 (1933) 552

Theoretical backgroundTheoretical background

Non-Relativistic kinetic theory

L.P. Kadanoff, G. Baym, „Quantum Statistical Mechanics“ (Benjamin, N.Y. 1962)

Relativistic kinetic theory

S.R. de Groot, W.A. van Leeuwen, C.G. van Weert

„Relativistic kinetic theory“ (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1980)

Modern Relativistic Quantum Transport Theory

W. Botermans, R. Malfliet, Phys. Rep. 198 (1990) 115 (difficult to understand…)

First applications to HIC…First applications to HIC…

P. Danielewicz, Ann. Phys. 152 (1984) 239 & 305

G.F. Bertsch, S. Das Gupta, Phys. Rep. 160 (1988) 189

First relativistic applications to HIC…First relativistic applications to HIC…

Giessen-group (PhD-Thesis of B. Blättel, V. Koch & U. Mosel/W. Cassing ~1990)

B. Blättel, V. Koch, U. Mosel, Rep. Prog. Phys. 56 (1993) 1Q.Li, J.Q. Wu, C.M. Ko, Phys. Rev. C39 (1989) 849Q.Li, J.Q. Wu, C.M. Ko, Phys. Rev. C39 (1989) 849

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Spectator matter properties (BUU)…Spectator matter properties (BUU)…

Spectator very well suited for studies on fragments & Spectator very well suited for studies on fragments & hyperfragmentshyperfragments

Nice stable Nice stable conditions…conditions…

……before instability sets inbefore instability sets in

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Mean-field vs cascade – the role of the MDI…Mean-field vs cascade – the role of the MDI…(J-PARC, p+(J-PARC, p+1212C@50GeV)C@50GeV)Mean-field vs cascade – the role of the MDI…Mean-field vs cascade – the role of the MDI…(J-PARC, p+(J-PARC, p+1212C@50GeV)C@50GeV)

centralcentral

peripheralperipheral

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136136Xe+Xe+208208Pb@1AGeV (spectator fragmentation…)Pb@1AGeV (spectator fragmentation…)136136Xe+Xe+208208Pb@1AGeV (spectator fragmentation…)Pb@1AGeV (spectator fragmentation…)

Production of fragments with finite strangeness in reactions wihtin a GiBUU+SMM combined approach

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