Solid BiomassPresented by:

Mujtaba KhanArfa Ahmed

What is Biomass?• Biomass is an energy source that is

derived from living organisms such as animals waste, crops waste and wood, but it is also derived from garbage, manure, sewage sludge and other organic waste that society continuously produces.

Why Biomass is renewable energy?• When the solid biomass materials passes

through the process of combustion, Carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere.

• New plants and trees absorb these Carbon dioxide through the process of Photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis ProcessBiomass is produced in the photosynthesis process which converts the solar energy into biomass energy.Photosynthesis process only occurs in green plants. It is the process of combining the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere with water plus light energy to carbohydrates produce (sugars ,starches ,celluloses etc.)and oxygen.

History of Biomass energy

• This type of energy has been used since the human discovered fire to produce heat.

• In the 1970's, scientists became interested in the possibility of replacing fossil fuels with biomasses.

• Around 1975, "Biomass" became the official name of the energy.

Biomass Power Generation Modes• Different types of biomass power generation

modes are:1. Combustion2. Gasification combustion3. Mixed burning4. Gasification mixed burning

1. Combustion:• Biomass burned directly in boiler to produce steam to

generate electricity.

2. Gasification combustion:• Solid biomass breaks down to form a flammable gas.• Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned in gas

turbine or engine.

3. Mixed burning:• Biomass mixed with coal and burned in boiler

4. Gasification mixed burning:

• Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned with coal in boiler

Components of Biomass Power Plant

Sources of Solid BiomassSOURCES MAX HEATING VALUE MJ/KG

Agricultural Residue:1. Corn stalks 20.52. Sugarcane Bagasse 19.43. Wheat Straw 18.9Herbaceous Crops:1. Switch Grass 19.12. Bamboo 19.8Forest Residues:1. Hardwood Wood 20.72. Softwood Wood 21.7

Sources of Solid BiomassSOURCES MAX HEATING VALUE MJ/KG

Woody Crops:1. Black Locust 19.92. Eucalyptus 19.63. Douglas Fir 21.44. Maple wood 19.95. Pine 22.46. Willow 20.2Urban Residue:1. Municipal Solid waste 19.92. Newspaper 22.23. Corrugated paper 18.54. Waxed cartons 27.3

Biomass Power Plants in World• Ironbridge, United Kingdom - 740MW

The Ironbridge power plant located in the Severn Gorge, UK, is the world's biggest biomass power plant. Ironbridge was previously a coal-fired power station with an installed capacity of 1,000MW. Two units of the plant were converted for biomass-based power generation in 2013.

• Alholmens Kraft, Finland - 265MW• Polaniec, Poland - 205MW• Kymijärvi II, Finland - 160MW

Biomass Power Plants in PakistanPOWER PLANT CAPACITY (MW) STATUS

Bagasse Power Plants:Chiniot Power Ltd, Punjab 62.4 OperationalRYK Mills Ltd, Punjab 30 OperationalJDW Sugar Mills, Jhimpir, Sindh 26.35 Operational

Almoiz Industries Ltd, Mianwali, Punjab

62.4 Under construction

Etihad Power Generation, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab

67 Under construction

SSJD Bagasse Energy, Jhimpir, Sindh

50 Under construction

Biomass Power Plants:Biomass Thermal Power Project, Faisalabad, Punjab

20 Under construction

Biomass Power Plants in Pakistan

• Biomass Power Project by Masood Sons Group of industries:

The capacity of power generation is kept 200MW currently that is extendable up to 250MW. The site is in District Mardan of Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, NOCs from local Govt, LOI and a draft FSR has been prepared to help support the project and facilitate the investors and the stakeholders.

Potential in PakistanTYPES OF RESIDUES

ANNUAL TECHNICAL POTENTIAL OF

RESIDUES (1000’ TONNES)

ENERGY CONTENT OF RESIDUES

(GWh of thermal energy)

Cotton stalk 6,013 25,073Wheat Straw 6,488 25,952Rice Straw 8,314 28,848Sugarcane Trash 3,516 13,397Maize stalk 799 3,619TOTAL 25,130 96,889

Advantages

• Renewable Energy Source• Better for the environment than fossil

fuels• Reduce Dependency on Fossil Fuels• Reduce Landfills• Can be Used to Create Different Products

Disadvantages

• Pollution• Expensive• Inefficient as Compared to Fossil Fuels• Consume More Fuel• Require More Land• Additional work is needed

Conclusion• It’s working principle is similar to coal-based power

plants, so coal-based power plants can be easily replaced with biomass.

• To maintain Carbon dioxide (CO2) neutrality, we must increase the process of Plantation.

• Pakistan has major quantity of residues, through biomass power generation we can decrease the power crisis.

Thank you

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS