Production and Utilization of green Hydrogen - WKO.at · Production and Utilization of green...

Production and Utilization of green Hydrogen

Dr. Dmitry Korobov, Linde Clean Energy

Leoben, 20.09.2012

2

Agenda

1. The Linde Group – General Overview

2. Green Hydrogen

Existing markets and applications

New and emerging markets and applications

3. Pathways to green Hydrogen

Electrolysis of water by renewable electricity

Chlorine-Alkali-Electrolysis with renewable electricity

Glycerine Pyroreforming

Biomethane reforming

Gasification of solid Biomass

4. Conclusion

3

Agenda


2. Green Hydrogen









4. Conclusion

44

The Linde GroupStructured in two main divisions

(Headquarter Munich, Germany)

Linde EngineeringLinde Gas

(€ 13.8 billion revenue in 2011)

Linde EngineeringLinde Gas Linde Engineering

Linde Gas

Linde Gas Linde Engineering

5

Product Range

— Oxygen, nitrogen, argon

— Acetylene and other

fuel gases

— Welding process

shielding gases

— Carbon oxide

— Hydrogen

— Medical gases

— Rare gases

— Ultra-high purity gases

— Gas application processes

and services

The Linde GroupGases Division

6

Product Range

— Petrochemical plants

— Polyolefin plants

— LNG plants

— Natural gas processing plants

— Gas processing plants

— Hydrogen- and

synthesis gas plants

— Adsorption plants

— Air separation plants

— Cryogenic plants

— Biotechnological plants

— CO2-plants

— Manufacturing of plant

components and modules

The Linde GroupEngineering Division

7

Agenda


2. Green Hydrogen









4. Conclusion

8

Hydrogen Market Existing markets and applications

Further applications (<1000 Nm3/h): glas production, food (hydrogenation of fats),

cooling of electric generators

Only appr. 5% of produced H2 is transported

Quellen: DOE, Fair-PR

HydrogenHydrogen

Refineries Refineries 31%31%

after Liquefaction after Liquefaction <1%<1%

Chemical Chemical IndustryIndustry

63%63%

Hydrocracking

Hydrotreating

Ammonia53%

(Urea, Fertilizers)

Semiconductor Industry

(incl. Photovoltaic)

Rocket Fuel

Methanol 8%

Polymers

2%(Caprolactam,

Adipic Acid Nylon)

Automotive Fuel

Metal Processing Metal Processing 6%6%

Direct Reduction of Iron

Ore

Forming & Blanketing

Gas

Polyurethanes

(MDI and TDI as

Precursor for)

HydrogenHydrogen

Refineries Refineries 31%31%

after Liquefaction liquified hydrogen<1%<1%

Chemical Chemical IndustryIndustry

63%63%

Hydrocracking

Hydrotreating

Ammonia53%

(Urea, Fertilizers)

Semiconductor Industry

(incl. Photovoltaic)

Rocket Fuel

Methanol 8%

Polymers

2%(Caprolactam,

Adipic Acid Nylon)

Automotive Fuel

Metal Processing Metal Processing 6%6%

Direct Reduction of Iron

Ore

Forming & Blanketing

Gas

Polyurethanes

(MDI and TDI as

Precursor)

Ca. 500 Mrd. Nm3/yr worldwide

~ 1500 TWh/yr or

~ 300 Mill. Fuel cell vehicles

9

fossile feedstock

Hydrogen MarketNew and emerging markets and applications – Mobility

renewable feedstock

wind, hydro or solar power

Logistic Front End:H2-filling station

Conditioning(Rectisol, PSA,

liquefaction

etc.)

thermochemical H2 generation

Automotive appl.Combustion engine

fuel cell

electrochemical H2 generation

10

LH2 storage

Linde covers the whole value added chainHydrogen mobility applications

Supply/Storage Compression/Transfer Dispenser

CGH2 storage

Onsite SMR

Onsite Electrolysis

350 barIonic compressor

Cryo pump

Production

Conventional(e.g. SMR)

Green(e.g., BtH*)

700 bar

Dece

ntra

lizat

ion

* Biomass to Hydrogen

11

Hydrogen MarketNew and emerging markets and applications – Mobility

Note Small stations have maximum capacity of 400 kg H2/day, medium have 1 tonne H2 /day and large have 2.5 tonnes H2 /day

SOURCE: EU coalition study

25% FCEV penetration in 2050 (hydrogen retail network covers 75% of EU29, giving local access to 97% of all cars)

0

20

40

60

80

100

2020 2030 2040 2050

tota

l fue

lling

sta

tion

capa

city

[b

n m

3 (STP

)/yr

]

Small

Medium

Large

12

Agenda


2. Green Hydrogen









4. Conclusion

13

Pathways to green HydrogenElectrolysis of water by renewable electricity – concept and status

Status Technology Implication

State of the Art:

- Production of renewable electricity

(Wind-, Hydro & PV-Power)

- Alkaline electrolyzers (atmospheric and pressurised); small

PEM electrolyzers

R & D / Demonstration Needs:

- Use of excess power as feedstock

- Scale up to commercial capacity

- Dynamic operation of an electrolyzer, trailer filling, liquefier..

- Efficient purification of product gas from electrolysis

- System Integration and remote operation

- In Germany the EEG structure defines the value for electricity

from renewable feedstocks

- Economics of Hydrogen production from renewable electricity

is influenced by legislations

- Lever for economics:- Reduction of specific investment costs for electrolysis plants

- Use of cheaper “low value” electricity like excess electricity

Electrolysis Renewable Hydrogen

Compression

Purification

14

Pathways to green HydrogenElectrolysis of water by renewable electricity – HFS project

Description — Production of green hydrogen requires renewable

energy sources

— No GHG emissions for distributing and reduced CO2

emissions according to electricity mix of the grid

Scope— Integration of electrolyzer systems in fuelling

stations and tying into the hydrogen fuelling

system pathway

— Remote operation and control of the systems

Reference project— Fuelling station in Hamburg built for Vattenfall

Europe, opened in February 2012

— 2 x 60 Nm³/h electrolyzer systems installed using

regenerative energy sources

— Providing CO2-free hydrogen for inner-city

transportationCapacity/scale small

CO2 footprint low

Techn status demo

Ops flexibility good

15

Agenda


2. Green Hydrogen









4. Conclusion

16

Pathways to green HydrogenChlorine-Alkali-Electrolysis with renewable electricity

The Sodium Chlorate Plant is a simple electrochemical cell that uses brine as feed and power input to produce chlorine

main product byproduct (waste)

17

Pathways to green HydrogenChlorine-Alkali-Electrolysis with renewable electricity Magog plant

Description — Liquefaction of H2 is energy intensive

— Clean electricity generated from hydro energy

is used to liquefy hydrogen

Scope— Fossil energy is replaced by renewables

Reference project— Linde plant located in Magog, Québec, Canada

— Plant has been in operation since early ‘90s

— Feed gas to the plant: Off-gases from sodium

chlorate (electrolytic) manufacturing facility

— Capacity: 15 tons per day H2 purification and

liquefaction facility

— More than 97% of the power supply to the sodium

chlorate plant and the H2 liquefaction plant is from

hydroelectric generationCapacity/scale large

CO2 footprint low

Techn status commercial

Ops flexibility n/a

18

Agenda


2. Green Hydrogen









4. Conclusion

19

Pathways to green HydrogenGlycerine Pyroreforming – Linde pilot plant in Leuna (1)

Worldwide first plant for green

hydrogen production from Glycerine

(By-product of biodiesel production)

Start of operation: 2011

Capacity: 50 Nm³/h

NIP-funding

raw glycerine-

tank

glycerine-

conditioning

pyrolysis reformer

CO-shift

GL50 steam reformer 2

PSAsalts, residues

hydrogenprocess steam

clean glycerine

Glycerol Purification UnitPyro-Reforming Unit

PurificationPyrolysis,

Reforming

Gas-

conditioning

„Green“ Hydrogen

Glycerol, e.g., from

Biodiesel production

— Cost-competitive technology

(small to medium scale)

— Capitalizing on existing Linde technologies

— Approx. 140 kg H2/t Glycerol

— Sustainable CO2-footprint

(CO2 savings 46 – 80%)

— Broad range of alternative biogenic

feedstocks under investigation

Capacity/scale low

CO2 footprint mid

Techn status pilot

Ops flexibility n/a

20

Pathways to green HydrogenGlycerine Pyroreforming – Linde pilot plant in Leuna (2)

21

Agenda


2. Green Hydrogen









4. Conclusion

22

Pathways to green HydrogenBiomethane reforming – Linde steam methane reformer in Leuna

Steamreformer I (35.000 Nm3/h hydrogen capacity) Steamreformer II (35.000 Nm3/h hydrogen capacity)

• Total biomethane feeding into NG grid, Germany, 2010*: 30,650 m3(CH4, STP)/h (0.27 % of NG consumption Germany)

it corresponds roughly to the NG consumption of both Leuna-SMR’s

* Biogas monitoring report 2011, Federal Network Agency Germany

biomethane steam

reformer

CO shift,

coolingPSA

heat

recovery

pre

conditioningproduct

hydrogen

condensate

medium

pressure

steam

low pressure steam

DEIONAT

process steam

tail gas

H2 recycle

Capacity/scale theor. large

CO2 footprint mid

Techn status Commercial

Ops flexibility n/a

23

Agenda


2. Green Hydrogen









4. Conclusion

24

Pathways to green HydrogenGasification of solid Biomass

Capacity/scale low

CO2 footprint mid

Techn status pilot

Ops flexibility n/a

Process gas

Multi-feed solid biomass

Purification

unit

Purifiedsynthesisgas

Hybrid biomass gasification Gas processing

Applications

Biomass

O2Steam

Heat

Electricity H2 Fuel

H2 CO CO2 CH4

Goals:

Cost competitiveness compared to

conventional small SMR

Utilization of biomass that is not used

for food or feed

Versatile, decentralized technology

25

Pathways to green HydrogenBasic Process Concept

Disadvantages: Disadvantages:

Heating surface, Volume Controllability = difficult

Compact design Controllability = easy

Purified process gas

Diluted process gas Tar formation

ALLOTHERMALAUTOTHERMAL

Advantages:

Biomass

Gas

Steam

Biomass

Gas

Heat

SteamBiomass

Gas

Heat

O2Steam

HYBRID

O2

25

26

Agenda


2. Green Hydrogen









4. Conclusion

27

Conclusions

— High amounts of fossil H2 are already used in industry today

— Substitution by green hydrogen helps for reduction of

emissions

— The chances/added value for companies consists in

strengthening of its green image/perception and saving of

CO2-certificates

— A harmonization of the costs can be achieved by

— further development of the technologies

— price increase of fossil fuels

— favorable political conditions and regulations

— Linde is active on:

decentralised modules for green hydrogen production

worldwide first glycerine plant, biomass gasification,

biomethane reforming, hydrogen by electrolysis

demonstration projects for various H2 energy platform

technologies

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