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Product Data Summary
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Perstorp products enhance a vast amount of end
products that are important in the everyday lives
of people throughout the world. Starting with raw
materials from the petrochemical industry, value is
added in a series of steps to provide a range of
specialty chemicals.
This brochure presents the typical data for our
products. Specifi cations are available on our product
data sheets (PDS). General product infor mation is
presented on our material safety data sheets (MSDS).
This information can be accessed on our website or
through your Perstorp sales representa tive.
High-quality solutions
Acids Appearance Color Hazen Purity % Water % Molecular max. min. max. weight2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-EHA) Liquid 10 99.5 0.10 144.2Formic Acid Liquid 85.0 ± 1 46.0Phthalic Anhydride Flakes 30 99.8 - 148.1Propionic Acid Liquid 15 99.5 0.20 74.1
Alcohols Appearance Color Hazen Purity % Water % Acidity % max. min. max. max.n-Butanol Liquid 5 99.85 0.05 0.0012-Ethylhexanol Liquid 5 99.5 0.05 0.002Isobutanol Liquid 10 99.6 0.10 0.002n-Propanol Liquid 5 99.8 0.1 0.003
AldehydesIsobutyraldehyde Liquid 15 99.0 1.5 0.5n-Butyraldehyde Liquid 15 99.0 1.5 0.5Propionaldehyde Liquid 15 99.0 1.5 0.2
AlkoxylatesName Functionality
Hydroxyl number (mg KOH/g)
Molecular weight (g/mol)
Viscosity (mPas, 23 °C)
Polyol R2395 2 395 276 350
Polyol R2490 2 490 220 170
Polyol 3165 3 165 1014 350
Polyol 3380 3 380 444 360
Polyol 3610 3 610 275 700
Polyol 3611 3 611 275 700
Polyol 3940 3 940 179 4000
Polyol 3990 3 990 170 4500
Polyol R3215 3 215 795 340
Polyol R3430 3 430 398 400
Polyol R3530 3 530 308 2000
Polyol R3540 3 540 311 550
Polyol R3600 3 600 275 700
Polyol 4290 4 290 797 450
Polyol 4360 4 360 629 1300
Polyol 4525 4 525 426 2600
Polyol 4640 4 640 355 1100
Polyol 4800 4 800 282 2200
Polyol R4630 4 630 350 1500
Polyol R4631 4 631 356 1500
Polyol R6405 6 405 827 1900
Allyl Ethers Reactive group Molecular weight AppearanceAllyl Pentaerythritol (APE) 1 hydroxyl 255.5 Liquid 3 allylTrimethylolpropane Diallyl Ether (TMPDE 80) 1 hydroxyl 210.7 Liquid 2 allylTrimethylolpropane Diallyl Ether (TMPDE 90) 1 hydroxyl 2 allyl 213.9 LiquidTrimethylolpropane Monoallyl Ether (TMPME) 2 hydroxyl 174.2 Liquid 1 allyl
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Concrete Admixtures Appearance Main effect Chemical Use basis
Superplasticizers Peramin Conpac 149S Powder Dispersing PC Grouts/Casein replacementPeramin Conpac FG Liquid Dispersing PC Raw material for admixturesPeramin F40 Liquid Dispersing SMF Raw material for admixturesPeramin FP Powder Dispersing SMF Raw material for admixturesPeramin FSP Powder Dispersing SMF Raw material for admixturesPeramin P35 Liquid Dispersing SMF GypsumPeramin SMF10 Powder Dispersing SMF Dry mortarPeramin SMF11 Powder Dispersing/ Long pot-life SMF GroutsPeramin SMF20 Powder Dispersing/ Low emission SMF Self levelling screedPeramin SMF22 Powder Dispersing/ Low emission SMF Gypsum screedsPeramin SMF30 Powder Extreme dispersing SMF Injection groutsPeramin SMF31 Powder Dispersing SMF Casein replacement
Shrinkage Reducing AdmixturesPeramin SRA10 Powder Shrink Cyclo aliphatic reduction ether alcohol Dry mortarPeramin SRA110 Liquid Shrink Cyclo aliphatic reduction ether alcohol ConcretePeramin SRA330 Liquid Shrink Blend of reduction polyalcohols Concrete
AcceleratorsCalcium Formate Powder Accelerate setting Calcium Formate Dry mortar/Tile adhesive
Food and Feed Physical Active Molecular Solubility in form ingredients weight water, 20° C
Acidifi ers and SilageAdditivesAcetic Acid Liquid 60.0 UnlimitedAmmofor Liquid Formic Acid and Ammonia UnlimitedFormic Acid Liquid 46.0 UnlimitedProens Liquid Formic and Propionic Acid UnlimitedPromyr Liquid Formic, Propionic Acid and Ammonia UnlimitedProsid™ CF30 Solid Calcium Formate 130.1 SolubleProsid™ SP77 Solid Sodium Propionate 96.1 Soluble
Beechwood Creosote Liquid Guaiacol Limited
Formates and Sulphate Physical Purity % Molecular Solubility in form weight water, 20° CCalcium Formate Solid >98.0 130.1 SolubleSodium Formate Solid >97.0 68.0 SolubleSodium Sulphate Solid >99.0 142.0 Soluble
Hydroxy Acids Appearance Reactive group Molecular Hydroxyl Acid weight number numberDimethylolpropionic Acid Crystals 2 hydroxyl 134.4 835 415(Bis-MPA) 1 carboxyl
Plasticizers Acid value mg Color Hazen Ester content % Free alcohol % Viscosity Water % KOH/g max. max. min. max. (mPas) max.Dioctyl Phthalate 0.04 25 99.7 0.05 0.05(DOP)Perafl ex P 244 0.5 10 98.5 8 0.1Perafl ex P 888 0.05 30 99.7 0.10
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Polyalcohols Appearance Reactive group Molecular Hydroxyl Melting weight number pointButyl Ethyl Propanediol Semi-crystalline 2 hydroxyl 161.0 695 44(BEPD) BEPD70L Liquid 2 hydroxyl 146.1 795 <21 °CMethyl Propanediol (MPD) Liquid 2 hydroxyl 90.8 1230 LiquidNeopentyl Glycol (Neo) Flakes 2 hydroxyl 104.2 1077 129Neo 90 Liquid (90 % in water) 2 hydroxyl 104.2 1077 35Trimethylolpropane (TMP) Flakes 3 hydroxyl 135.1 1247 59Di-Trimethylolpropane(Di-TMP) Flakes 4 hydroxyl 250.5 895 111Di-TMP micronized Powder < 250 µm 4 hydroxyl 250.5 895 111Pentaerythritol (Penta)mono grade Crystals 4 hydroxyl 136.4 1645 262Penta mono grade micronized Powder < 40 µm 4 hydroxyl 136.4 1645 262Penta mono grade super micronized Powder < 15 µm 4 hydroxyl 136.4 1645 262Penta nitration grade Crystals 4 hydroxyl 136.4 1645 262Penta tech grade Crystals 4 hydroxyl 142.5 1615 248Penta tech grade micronized Powder < 40 µm 4 hydroxyl 142.5 1615 248Penta tech grade super micronized Powder < 15 µm 4 hydroxyl 142.5 1615 248Di-Penta Crystals 6 hydroxyl 254.1 1325 222Di-Penta micronized Powder < 40 µm 6 hydroxyl 254.1 1325 222Di-Penta super micronized Powder < 15 µm 6 hydroxyl 254.1 1325 222
Special products Appearance Reactive group Molecular Hydroxyl Melting weight number rangeCyclic Trimethylolpropane Formal (CTF) Liquid 1 hydroxyl 145.9 385 LiquidOxymer™ N112 Crystals 2 hydroxyl 1000 112 100Polyol PX Semi-crystalline 2.9 hydroxyl 198.4 840 80-100Polyol PX 70 Liquid (70 % in water) 2.9 hydroxyl 198.4 840 LiquidTrimethylolpropane 1 hydroxylOxetane (TMPO) Liquid 1 oxetane 115.2 485 Liquid
Dendritic PolymersBoltorn® H20 Amorphous 16 hydroxyl 2100 515 80-110Boltorn® H30 Amorphous 32 hydroxyl 3500 500 80-110Boltorn® H40 Amorphous 64 hydroxyl 5100 490 80-110Boltorn® H311 Viscous liquid hydroxyl groups 5700 245 LiquidBoltorn® H2003 Viscous liquid 12 hydroxyl 2500 290 LiquidBoltorn® H2004 Viscous liquid 6 hydroxyl 3200 125 LiquidBoltorn® P500 Viscous liquid 19 hydroxyl 2000 630 LiquidBoltorn® P1000 Viscous liguid 14 hydroxyl 1500 470 LiquidBoltorn® W3000 Semi-crystalline non ionic, air drying 8000 15 25-30 °C
Appearance Use
Coalescers NX 795 Esteralcohol Liquid Coalescing agent for aqueous dispersions NX 800 Ester Liquid Low odor coalescing agent for aqueous dispersions
Appearance Monopenta Di-Penta Water content % content % solubility %
Products for intumescent coatingsCharmor™ PM40 Powder < 40 µm 99 5.3 Charmor™ PT40 Powder < 40 µm 91 7 4.7Charmor™ DP40 Powder < 40 µm 95 0.2Charmor™ PM 15 Powder < 15 µm 99 5.3Chramor™ PT15 Powder < 15 µm 91 7 4.7Charmor™ DP15 Powder < 15 µm 95 0.2Charmor™ LP70 Liquid Soluble
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid
(2-EHA)
Formic Acid
Phthalic Anhydride
Propionic Acid
n-Butanol
2- Ethylhexanol
Isobutanol
n-Propanol
Isobutyraldehyde
n-Butyraldehyde
Propionaldehyde
Neopentyl Glycol
Propoxylate
Dimethylolpropionic Acid
(Bis-MPA)
Pentaerythritol (Penta)
Di-Pentaerythritol
(Di-Penta)
Trimethylolpropane
(TMP)
Di-Trimethylolpropane
(Di-TMP)
Butyl Ethyl Propanediol
(BEPD)
Methyl Propanediol
(MPD)
Neopentyl Glycol (Neo)
Cyclic Trimethylolpropane
Formal (CTF)
Trimethylolpropane
Oxetane (TMPO)
Trimethylolpropane
Diallyl Ether
TMPDE 80
O
H OH
O
O
O
COOH
OH
OH
COOH
OH
OH
O
H
O
H
O
H
HO O
O
OHHOO
HO
HO OHHO OH
OH
OH
OH
HO OHO OH
OH
OH
OH
OHO OH
OH
OH
OHHO
HO OH
HO OH
O
OOH
OOH
OOO
HO
Hm n
Pentaerythritol
Ethoxylate O
OO
O
OO
H
On
pm
OH
q
Trimethylolpropane
Ethoxylate O
OO
O
OO
H
p
n
p
Products for waterborne coatings
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Intermediates for safer cost-effective coatingsOver recent decades waterborne coatings have made
large inroads into a number of applications such as
architectural paints, industrial wood coatings and
metal coatings for many OEM applications. Their
environmentally friendly profile and the broad
spectrum of waterborne coating technologies cur-
rently available now make it possible for end users
to enjoy the fruits of novel research.
An innovative approachAs a world leader in several sectors of the specialty
chemicals market, and as part of its innovative
approach to promoting sustainable development,
Perstorp has developed a number of intermediates
for use in waterborne coatings. These include a
number of raw materials for producers of waterborne
polyesters and polyurethane dispersions, as well as
niche resins and additives for coating formulators.
Dedicated productsPerstorp products for waterborne coatings presented
in this brochure are:
Bis-MPA - dispersing monomer for polyurethane
dispersions (PUDs) and waterborne polyesters.
Oxymer™ range - polycarbonate diols for PUD.
BEPD and Neo - glycols for waterborne polyesters.
Boltorn® W3000 - an emulsifying resin for making
waterborne paints.
NX 795 and NX 800 - coalescing agents for aqueous
latex dispersions.
Committed to youPerstorp is committed to offering specialty chemicals
and technologies that help our customers and end
users to develop high-performance products that
have minimal impact on the environment. We
welcome your ideas and questions regarding the
formulation and application of waterborne coatings.
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Intermediates for safer cost-effective coatings
Bis-MPA
Oxymer™
Perstorp is the leading supplier of Bis-MPA (2,2,-
dimethylolpropionic acid) which is the anionic
monomer of choice when preparing polyurethane
dispersions for wood and other industrial coatings,
as well as for leather and textile surface finishes. Bis-
MPA is a critical raw material in this application area
because of its ability to enable polyurethane oligom-
ers to be dispersed in water.
It is a crystalline, high-melting point solid con-
taining two primary hydroxyl groups and one
tertiary carboxyl group as shown below.
Waterborne polyestersThe tertiary carboxylic acid group of Bis-MPA is not
only suitable for PUD production, but also for prepar-
ing waterborne polyesters. Linear or branched polyes-
ters can easily be prepared by direct esterification,
where Bis-MPA is incorporated as a diol with pen-
dant carboxy groups into the polyester backbone.
As continuous product improvement is a major
goal at Perstorp, we are also currently developing
novel dispersion monomers that could complement
Bis-MPA in some applications to enhance end-
product performance.
Polycarbonate diols for PUDPerstorp’s new Oxymer™ range of OH-functional raw
materials for waterborne coatings applications has
recently been introduced to the market. They consist
of polycarbonate diols based on captive glycol tech-
nology. These macrodiols will be offered with differ-
ent molecular weights and compositions to ensure that
different customer needs, such as the right balance
between different film hardness, flexibility, adhesion
and general mechanical performance, are met.
Chemical structure of Bis-MPA
OHHOO
HO
O
O
O nHO OH
Chemical structure of a polycarbonate diol
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Chemical structure of BEPD
BEPD and NeoGlycols for waterborne polyestersBEPD (2-butyl, 2-ethyl propanediol) is an asymmet-
ric, hydrophobic glycol giving outstanding hydrolytic
resistance to polyester resins and coatings. It is a
solid amorphous (semi-crystalline) diol that melts
easily. The pendant hydrophobic groups coupled
with the glycol structure further give a unique
balance between flexibility and film hardness as well
as low viscosity of the polyester resin. This polyalco-
hol is FDA-approved as a diol for waterborne polyes-
ters used for internal can coating applications.
Neo is a chain extender used together with BEPD,
and it is the main diol in saturated polyesters for
powder coatings where it gives good crystallinity as
well as the desired coating properties. Neo is also
used in liquid saturated polyesters for coatings and
polyurethanes. In unsaturated polyesters, mainly gel
coats, Neo improves water and chemical resistance.
The product is a white crystalline polyhydric
alcohol containing two primary hydroxyl groups.
OHHO
The hydrolytic performance of BEPD and Neo esters
is shown in the diagram.
HO OHChemical structure of Neo
Weeks, storage at 23 °C
9
8,5
8
7,5
70 1 2 3 4 5 6
pH
BEPDNEO
MPD
Hydrolytic stability - adipic esters diol
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The physical properties of a waterborne paint containing Boltorn® W3000 compared with its solventborne counterpart, as well as with a conventional alkyd emulsion paint.
Dendritic backbone
Hydrophobic chains
Hydrophilic chains
1 nm
High-gloss paint for brush application
Boltorn® W3000-stabilized OL 65 alkyd emulsion
Solventborne OL 65 alkyd (ref)
Conventional OL 65 alkyd emulsion
Boltorn® W3000, wt% in paint 2.3 - -
Alkyd (OL65), wt% in paint 21.4 34.4 -
Alkyd OL65-internally emulsified - - 31.8
Solids content, wt% 49 67 51
PVC 17 17 13
VOC, g/l 0 270 0
Gloss, 60° 93 92 95
Drying*
Dust-free, h 0.5 0.5 0.5
Tack-free, h 4 3 1.5
Through dry, h 5 3.5 15.5
Hard, h 5.5 4 24
* Beck-Koller, glass panels at 23 °C, 50 % humidity, 25 µm DFT
Schematic structure of Boltorn® W3000
The combination of high dispersing efficiency and high
reactivity of Boltorn® W3000 allows the production of
alkyd emulsion-based paints with exceptionally fast
drying rates. This can be seen from the table below.
Boltorn® Dendritic polymers for waterborne coatingsSince the early 1990’s, Perstorp has taken the lead in
bringing cost-effective dendritic polymers to the
market for a number of applications. Our dendritic
polymers are collectively sold under the Boltorn®
trademark.
Now we have modified the structure of our
dendritic polymers to meet the needs of waterborne
coatings technology, thereby offering new opportu-
nities to producers of waterborne paints.
Boltorn® W3000An emulsifying air-drying resin for converting solventborne alkyds into alkyd emulsionsDendritic polymers offer extensive design possibili-
ties. With Boltorn® W3000 we have been able to
develop an amphiphilic dendritic structure that
contains both non-ionic water-dispersible groups as
well as hydrophobic air-drying groups. The result is
a powerful emulsifying resin that enables traditional
high molecular weight solventborne alkyds to be
easily converted to their waterborne equivalents.
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Coalescing agentsPerstorp offers two high-performance coalescing
agents, NX 795 and our latest product, NX 800. Both
products are non-VOC compliant according to
European legislation. NX 795 and NX 800 effectively
reduce the minimum film-formation temperature
(MFFT), and they provide other benefits regarding
the properties of the end product like higher coating
gloss and film integrity, as well as reduced film
porosity and less cracking.
NX 795Coalescing agent for aqueous latex dispersionsNX 795 is an ester alcohol that acts as an effective
coalescing agent for a number of different latex
paint formulations such as acrylic dispersions,
styrene acrylics and vinylacetete co-polymer disper-
sions. By adding NX 795, the minimum film-forma-
tion temperature of the dispersion paint is reduced.
NX 795 has a boiling point of 254 °C and is not
classified as a HAP substance.
NX 800Coalescing agent for aqueous latex dispersionsNX 800 satisfies customer demands for a low-odor
coalescing agent without compromising performance
and while still complying with the EU VOC directive
for decorative paints. It has a boiling point of 282 °C.
MFF
T (°
C)
35
15
10
5
0
30
25
20
0 2 5
% NX 800 of the dispersion
Acylate polymer
Styrene-acrylate co-polymer
Vinyl acetate co-polymer
Reduction of the MFFT in an acrylate polymer, a styrene acrylate and a vinylacetate co-polymer dispersion by addition of NX 800.
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NX 795Coalescing agent
for aqueous paints
PerformanceNX 795 acts as an effective coalescing agent and film
formation aid in most of the common dispersion paint
binders, e.g. homo- and co-polymers of acrylic and
polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene and vinyl acetate-
ethylene latexes and polyurethane dispersions.
NX 795 reduces the minimum film formation tem-
perature of the formulation and improves the quality
of the formed film. With the coalescent, optimal
paint performance can be obtained even at lower
drying temperatures. NX 795 can therefore ensure
successful results even when painting under less
than ideal conditions.
PropertiesNX 795 ester-alcohol is a film formation additive for
use as a coalescing aid in latex paint formulations.
OOH
O
Isomeric mixture of 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane-1,3-diol monoisobutyrates. CAS no 25265 -77-4EINECS no 246-771-9
Typical properties
Density 0.947 kg/dm3
Solubility at 20 °C
– in water (insoluble)
– water in NX 795 0.9 Weight %
Evaporation rate 0.002 (BuAc = 1)
Refractive index at 20 °C 1.4423
Vapor pressure 293,15 K (20 °C) <0.01 kPa
Boiling point at 101,3 kPa 254 °C
Freezing point –50 °C
How to use NX 795To ensure optimal performance of a latex paint, an
appropriate amount of coalescing aid is needed.
The two main factors determining the correct level
of NX 795 addition are the Minimum Film Form-
ing Temperature (MFFT) of the latex dispersion and
the efficiency of the coalescing aid to decrease the
MFFT. One should also take into account the condi-
tions under which the paint is applied; for indoor
applications MFFT is generally adjusted around 0 °C
to 5 °C, but for outdoor applications the MFFT is
often preferentially adjusted considerably lower.
NX 795 is very efficient in decreasing the MFFT
of aqueous paint formulations. In most cases a suit-
able addition level is 5–10 %, based on latex solids.
The harder the polymer, the higher the level needed,
possibly up to 20 % on the polymer solids.
NX 795 can be easily incorporated into a paint
formulation during the latest stages of paint manu-
facture. After addition of the coalescent, it is gener-
ally recommended to allow the paint to stabilize at
least overnight prior to application or testing.
Volatile organic contentThe high boiling point, >250 °C, and low vapor pres-
sure, <0,01 kPa at 20 °C, indicate a low volatility of
the NX 795 coalescing aid.
NX 795 is classified as non-VOC material in
Europe (1999/13/EC and 2004/42/CE) and as a non-
HAP in the U.S. (Clean Air Act 1990).
Performance in latex paintThe following semigloss acrylic paint formulation
is used to demonstrate the effect of NX 795 perfor-
mance on the finished product:
The semigloss acrylic paint formulation
No Component Weight %
1 Glycol 2.56
pigm
ent grind
2 Water 3.42
3 Amine 0.21
4 Dispersing agent 1 0.21
5 Dispersing agent 2 0.32
6 Levelling aid 0.43
7 Pigment grinding vehicle 3.32
8 White TiO2 pigment 24.81
9 Acrylic copolymer dispersion 62.79
let-dow
n
10 Silicone defoamer 0.86
11 Associative thickener 1.07
TOTAL 100
Solid Content: ca. 55 %, Viscosity: ca. 10.000 mPas,Gloss 60°: ca. 50
Minimum film formation temperatureNX 795 is an extremely effective additive for decreas-
ing the minimum film formation temperature of
latex paints. A substantial reduction in MFFT can be
achieved by adding small amounts of NX 795.
30
20
10
010 2 3 4
% NX 795 of the total formulation
MFFT, °C
Fig. 1. The effect of NX 795 on film formation temperature.
Hardness developmentNX 795 contributes to good hardness development of
the paint film at normal levels of addition. Excessive
amounts of coalescent should be avoided as this will
lead to retarded hardness development.
40
35
30
25
00 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time, days
König pendulum, s
Fig. 2. Hardness development during drying of an acrylic latex paint formulation containing 3 % NX 795.
Storage stability of the paint formulationspH and viscosity stability are essential requirements
for any high-quality paint product. Hydrolysis of the
coalescing aid would affect both of these parameters.
In the following, an experiment is described to dem-
onstrate the stability of NX 795. Paint formulation
with 3 % NX 795 was stored at temperatures of 23 °C
and 50 °C. The pH and viscosity were measured at
regular intervals.
pH stabilityNX 795 is a hydrolytically stable coalescing aid that
is hardly affected by the alkaline nature of typical
latex formulations. Hydrolysis of the coalescing agent
would lead to reduced paint performance.
12
11
10
9
8
70 1 2 3 4
Time, weeks
pH
T = 50 °C
T = 23 °C
Fig. 3. Change in pH during paint storage at an addition level of 3 % NX 795.
Viscosity stabilityIn a stable paint, the paint viscosity is expected to
remain virtually constant over the time of storage.
In the following test, paint samples were stored at
23 °C and 50 °C. Viscosity was measured at speci-
fied intervals by a Brookfield low shear viscometer.
Negligible change of the paint viscosity is a good
indication of the hydrolytic resistance of NX 795
coalescing agent.
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
00 1 2 3 4
Time, weeks
Viscosity, mPa·s
T = 23 °C
T = 50 °C
Fig. 4. Viscosity change of a paint formulation during storage with an addition level of 3 % of NX 795.
Conclusions • NX 795 is an effective coalescing aid used to pro-
mote the film formation of various latex paint for-
mulations. Effective coalescence in the latex paint
results in a uniform film with optimal properties.
• NX 795 performs effectively in a variety of latex
formulations including homo- and copolymers of
acrylic and polyvinyl acetate latexes.
• NX 795 does not dissolve in water, but is readily
absorbed by the latex particles. It is therefore an
effective film-forming additive even when apply-
ing paint on porous substrates. Thanks to its water
insolubility, it is ideally suited to paints intended
for use in moist environments.
• NX 795 coalescing agent contributes to widening
the range of practical application temperatures in
many latex paint formulations. Hard latexes can be
used at low temperatures by using NX 795 as the
coalescing aid.
• NX 795 presents an optimal combination of co-
alescing efficiency and hardness development of
the drying latex paint film.
• NX 795 is not classified as a VOC in Europe be-
cause of its high boiling point and low volatility.
Neither is it classified as a HAP in the USA.
• NX 795 shows a very low vapor pressure. Thanks
to this, only very low concentrations of NX 795
are emitted to the surroundings during the use of
paints containing NX 795 as the coalescing agent.
NX 800
• Low-odor coalescing agent for
latex products
• Not classified as VOC substance
• High boiling point, 282 °C
• Easy to incorporate
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IntroductionNX 800 is a new, low-odor coalescing agent. It is
VOC-free and can be used in all aqueous polymer
dispersions. NX 800 is not classified as a hazardous
material in Europe.
PropertiesCompatible – Dissolves in the dispersed polymer.
Effective – Great improvement in film formation
with small additions.
Easy to use – Easy to incorporate and to post-add.
Requires no high-speed dispersion.
Stable – Stable at a wide range of pH values.
Remains stable in formulations without any separa-
tion. Boiling point, 282 °C.
Universal – Effective in most typical dispersion
types: acrylic, styrene-acrylic, acrylic copolymer,
PVAc, copolymer, etc. Can be used in a variety of
formulations, both clear-coats and pigmented.
Low volatility – Ensures long and effective action
in the film.
Non-VOC * – Due to its high boiling point and low
volatility, the product can be used in all formulations
with no effect on the VOC content of the formulation.
* In Europe (1999/13/EC and 2004/42/CE)
Non-soluble in water – Dissolves and stays ef-
fective in the polymer phase. Does not add water
sensitivity to the coating film. Stays in the polymer
and does not penetrate with water into the pores of
porous substrates.
Improved coating performance with NX 800
Increased DecreasedGloss Film porosityBarrier properties Film hardnessFilm integrity Cracking tendencyFlexibility, elasticity Low-temperature filming capability
SupportOur Sales Teams, Technical Service Teams and
Product Managers are ready to assist whenever
needed. Much more assistance can be offered on
an individual basis.
Detailed specifications are available on our product data sheets, and general product information is presented on our material safety data sheets (MSDS).
Visit us at www.perstorp.com to find out more about us and our products.
NX 800Perstorp coalescing agent for latex products
6
Product data summary
Perstorp’s technical service extends beyond R&D
support and into your process, both in the handling
and application of our products for waterborne
coatings. Our wide-ranging capabilities in analytical
chemistry and materials technology are always at
your disposal. As a Perstorp partner, you can always
expect the very best technical support, backed up
with information on the latest developments and
methods in relevant fields.
For application development we have fully equipped
laboratories in Perstorp, Sweden, and in Porvoo,
Finland. We offer you technical information on the
use and performance of our existing products and
even those in the pipeline. We can also help with
special requests.
We regard our customers as partners in jointly
developing solutions based on chemistry delivering
the desired functional properties needed for superior
end-product performance.
Dispersing monomer for PUD and waterborne polyesters
Product Appearance Reactive group
OH-value mg KOH/g
Acid value mg KOH/g
Molecular weight g/mole
Melting point °C
Bis-MPA Crystals2 hydroxyl1 carboxyl
835 415 134.4 180
Polycarbonate Diol for PUD
Product Appearance Reactive group
OH-value mg KOH/g
Acid value mg KOH/g
Molecular weight g/mole
Melting point °C
Oxymer™ N112 Crystals 2 hydroxyl 112 - 1000 100
Glycols for waterborne polyesters
Product Appearance Reactive group
OH-value mg KOH/g
Acid value mg KOH/g
Molecular weight g/mole
Melting point °C
BEPD Semi-crystalline 2 hydroxyl 695 - 161.0 44
Neopentyl Glycol (Neo)
Flakes 2 hydroxyl 1077 - 104.2 129
Dispersing resin and anti-blocking agent for waterborne paints
Product Appearance Reactive group
OH-value mg KOH/g
Acid value mg KOH/g
Molecular weight g/mole
ViscositymPas at 35 °C
Melting point °C
Boltorn®
W3000Semi-
crystallineNon-ionicAir-drying
15 6 8000 2000 25–30
Coalescing agents for latex paints
Product Appearance Reactive group
Acid value mg KOH/g
Molecular weight g/mole
DensityKg/m3
Boiling point °C
NX 795 Clear liquid Alcohol ester 0.5 216.2 947 254
NX 800 Clear liquid Ester 945 282
BOLTORN® Dendritic Polymers
4
BOLTORN® technology
Our technology is based on captive materials. The
BOLTORN® range is produced from poly alco hol cores
and hydroxy acids. The dendritic structures are
formed by polymerization of the particu lar core and
2,2-dime thylol propio nic acid (Bis-MPA).
The products obtained are hydroxyl-functional
dendritic polyesters. Fully aliphatic and consisting
only of tertiary ester bonds, they normally give
excellent thermal and chemical resistance. Their
extensive bran ching also contributes to better
reactivity, lower viscosity and better balance of
mechanical properties.
BOLTORN® Technology
• Large number of primary hydroxyl groups• Densely branched polymer backbone• Extensive formulation possibilities
5
Product range – polymer building blocks and elastomer crosslinkers
There are currently fi ve base products available
representing a range in molecular weight, hydroxyl
functionality, glass transition temperature (Tg) and
polarity:
• BOLTORN® H20 – 16 terminal hydroxyl groups,
with a nominal molecular weight of 1750 g/mole.
The product is amorphous with a Tg of 25 ˚C.
• BOLTORN® H2003 – 12 terminal hydroxyl groups,
with a nominal molecular weight of 2300 g/mole.
The product is partly fatty acid-terminated with a
Tg of -5 ˚C.
• BOLTORN® H2004 – 6 terminal hydroxyl groups,
with a nominal molecular weight of 3100 g/mole.
The product has a Tg of -35 ˚C. It is a liquid at room
temperature with a viscosity of 15 Pas at 23 ˚C.
• BOLTORN® H30 – 32 terminal hydroxyl groups,
with a nominal molecular weight of 3600 g/mole.
The product is amorphous with a Tg of 35 ˚C.
• BOLTORN® H40 – 64 terminal hydroxyl groups,
with a nominal molecular weight of 7300 g/mole.
The product is amorphous with a Tg of 40 ˚C.
50%
IFD
[N]
500
450
400
350
300
250
2000 10 20 30
polymer content [wt%]
SAN [31 kg/m3]
Boltorn [31 kg/m3]
6
Perstorp has in partnership with one of the leading
automotive foam suppliers developed a unique
technology where dendritic polymer polyols are used
to improve fi rmness of high-resilience foam articles.
Thanks to this, more than one million car owners
already enjoy superior seating comfort with the help
of BOLTORN® technology.
BOLTORN® polymer polyols provide exceptional
compressive load building characteristics in fl exible
foam at very low addition levels. Compressive loads
are obtained in a truly unique way through a techno-
logy different from that of both conventional polymer
polyols and low molecular weight crosslinkers.
BOLTORN® products withstand load by acting as
a polymeric crosslinker, the crosslink density being
dramatically increased locally, but overall foam
elongation is not negatively affected thanks to the
inherent polymer fl exibility. A remarkable effect on
improved foam fi rmness can thereby be obtained at
very low addition levels.
BOLTORN® polymer polyols for fl exible polyurethane foams
Compressive strength of molded foam articles at different polymer addition levels of BOLTORN® and SAN respectively.
Formulation TDI/SAN TDI/SAN/BOLTORN
Polyol, g 25 67,24Co-polymer polyol, g 75 27,4Boltorn H311 , g 0 5,2DEOA-LF, g 1,5 1,5Water, g 2,09 1,57DABCO 33LV 0,35 0,53Niax A-1 0,08 0,08Tegostab B8719 1 1Total resin 105,02 105,02
TDI pphp@100 Index 29,47 31,83
Water, % 2,2 2,2Density 42 42SAN, wt% 30,4 16,8Boltorn, wt% 0 4,550% IFD [N] 558 558
7
BOLTORN® polymer polyols are typically used to
replace some or all of the graft co-polymer polyols
of the SAN-type. The typical benefi ts seen with
BOLTORN® when replacing conventional technology
in HR- foams are:
• Typically 2 -3 times the effi ciency in providing
com pressive loads (IFD or CFD) at a given addition
(solids) level. Lower average solids levels can thereby
be used.
• Exceptional fi rmness extending beyond current
state-of-the-art technology can be achieved.
• Improved foam stability due to the crosslinking
mechanism.
• Less surface voids of fi nished parts.
• Reduced resin pre-mix viscosity (for molded foam)
thanks to lower average solids levels reduces the
need to pre-heat resin streams prior to molding.
Replacement of SAN with BOLTORN® in existing automotive seating foam articles.
8
BOLTORN® dendritic polymers as crosslinkers for elastomers
The hydroxyl-functional BOLTORN®
products often have excellent solubility
in polyol com ponents for polyurethane
elastomer applications. The high molecu-
lar weight, hydroxyl functionality and
inherent oligomer properties provide
unique hard ness/fl exibility control and
can help improve e.g. scratch resistance,
toughness and thermal resistance in
specifi c applications.
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Acetone double rubs
UV Dose [mJ/cm2]0 50 100
Acrylate of BoltornP1000 3%PI
Reference formulation3%PI
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
10
9
8
7
6
5 0 20 40
wt% Boltorn
Tg [°C] Volume shrinkage [%]
TgShrinkage
9
The high molecular weight and functionality of acrylated BOLTORN® oligomers yield improved hardness and Tg, yet reduced shrinkage and curl, when they replace polyether in a polyether/PEOTA formulation.
BOLTORN® dendritic oligomer precursors for radcure applications
For coatings, the balance between fl ow and other
properties like reactivity, and chemical and scratch
resistance is crucial for meeting the ever-increasing
end-user demands. At the same time, environmental
compliance is a key competitive factor.
Reactivity of monomer-free acrylate based on BOLTORN® P1000 vs. reference coating formulation.
Radcure (radiation curing, typically UV) systems have
gained market share in the past decades for these
reasons because very rapid curing and excellent fi lm
properties are obtained with low or no VOC (Volatile
Organic Compound) emissions.
BOLTORN® products sharpen the competitive edge
of radcure further by providing oligomer precursors,
which when acrylated signifi cantly increase the aver-
age molecular weight of UV-formulations at high
acrylate concentration. The effects of using acrylate
oligomers based on BOLTORN® technology are:
• Excellent reactivity
• Improved fi lm hardness and scratch resistance
• Low shrinkage at high fi lm hardness and Tg
• Exceptional fl ow properties with low extractables
• Improved labeling
• Good adhesion
• Unique molecular weight/viscosity ratio
Acrylates based on BOLTORN® technology are typic ally
used to partly or fully replace urethane acrylates, other
top-end oligomers or polyol cross linkers to give the
formulations an extra boost regarding fi nal properties.
Bloc
king
res
ista
nce,
50
°C
5
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
[0 = no blocking,
5 = severe blocking]
Reference Ref. + 0.8%U3000
Ref. + 2%U3000
Ref. + 4%U3000
10
BOLTORN® performance resins for waterborne coatingsThe combined branched structure and high end-group
functionality gives BOLTORN® products a unique
strength for applications involving high-solids and
solvent-free coatings. Now, Perstorp has found that
the numerous design possibilities offered by dendritic
polymers can also be applied to waterborne coatings.
The thermoplastic nature of latex paints and the
residual amounts of coalescing agents are known to
cause problems with blocking resistance. When latex
paint surfaces are in contact with each other or other
articles (picture frames, etc.) under pressure and/or
elevated temperature, there is risk of adhesion, which
causes so-called blocking.
For this reason Perstorp has developed a low-
viscous, air-drying dendritic resin with unique fl ow
properties and solubility parameters. When added at
low concen tration together with coaelescing agents,
the product effectively works as an anti-blocking
agent for water borne vinyl acetate co-polymer
architectural paints.
Apart from offering improved blocking resistance
of waterborne dispersion paints, BOLTORN® dendritic
resins offer a convenient way to combine air-drying
oil chemistry with polymer dispersion chemistry to
give coatings for wood protection new dimensions.
A water-dispersible air-drying dendritic product is
under development. The new BOLTORN® product
has exceptional amphiphilic properties along with
air-drying characteristics. The intended use for this
novel BOLTORN® product is as a dispersing resin for
conven tional alkyds and polyesters to help convert
them to waterborne homologues by a simple
blending procedure.
Blocking resistance of paint made from vinylacetate ethylene co-polymer dispersion and effects by adding air-drying BOLTORN® additive. 5 is severe blocking of paint fi lms, whereas 0 is no blocking at all.
Product data summary
POLYMER BUILDING BLOCKS AND CASE POLYOLS
Product Soluble in Appearance Functionality OH-value Mw (GPC) Tg (DMA) Viscosity Mg KOH/g g/mole ºC Pas (ºC)
BOLTORN® H20 NMP, Diglym Opaque 16 490-520 2100 25 6 (110) Acetone pellets Glycols
BOLTORN® H2003 EtOH, MEK, Transparent 12 280-310 2500 -5 1 (110) Toluene
BOLTORN® H2004 EtOH, Yellow 6.4 110-130 3200 -35 15 (23) Toluene, liquid Xylene
BOLTORN® H30 MeOH, Acetone Opaque 32 490-510 3500 35 40 (110) NMP pellets
BOLTORN® H40 MeOH, Acetone Transparent 64 470-500 5100 40 80 (110) MEK pellets
FLEXIBLE FOAM
Product Soluble in Appearance Water cont. OH-value Mw (GPC) Tg (DMA) Viscosity Wt/% Mg KOH/g g/mole ºC Pas (ºC)
BOLTORN® H311 Polyether/ Yellow 9.5-10.5 235-255 - -5 40 (23) polyester liquid polyols
RADCURE
Product Soluble in Appearance Functionality OH-value Mw (GPC) Tg (DMA) Viscosity Mg KOH/g g/mole ºC Pas (ºC)
BOLTORN® H20 Acrylic acid Opaque 16 490-520 2100 25 6(110) +15 % pellets Toluene
BOLTORN® P1000 Acrylic acid Clear 14 430-490 1500 - 5 (23) + Toluene liquid
WATERBORNE COATINGS
Product Soluble in Appearance Functionality Oil length Mw (GPC) Solids, % Viscosity % triglyc. g/mole Pas (ºC)
BOLTORN® U3000 Oils, Yellow Air-drying 77 6500 99 1 (23) coalescents, liquid EtOH, Xylene
BOLTORN® W3000 New New Amphiphilic New New New New Air-drying
Charmor™ for improved intumescent coatings
2 3
New and better ways of combating fire are continu-
ally being developed because of the destructive effects
of heat, flames and smoke on people and property.
This is particularly important in response to the serious
health hazards posed by asbestos and the ever-
increasing use of structural steel in construction projects.
At very high temperatures, steel profiles distort and
become weaker, which may lead to their collapse.
In the event of a fire, winning time is crucial to
evacuating people and limiting the amount of struc-
tural damage. One of the most important measures in
promoting this is intumescent coatings applied to
various surfaces within a building. Nevertheless, even
with these special coatings there is room for significant
improvement of performance in order to win extra
time when fire breaks out.
This is the role of Charmor™ products from Perstorp.
Improving fire-resistanceWe offer high purity micronized polyol prod-
ucts under the Charmor™ brand that improve
the insulation effect of intumescent coatings.
It is the carbon in these systems that forms
a thick fire-resistant char barrier that helps to
prevent the substrate from catching fire or
distorting when a coating is exposed to tempera-
tures over 250 °C. The intumescent process starts
at 250 °C. Steel loses its strength at about 550 °C.
Compared with competitive products, the
better insulation resulting from dedicated
Charmor™ polyols could provide those extra
minutes crucial to taming the ravages of fire.
Our Charmor™ range comprises:• Penta mono micronized in waterborne and
solventborne coatings
• Di-Penta micronized in solventborne coatings,
especially for outdoor applications
• Penta/Di-Penta mix micronized, an alternative in
waterborne or solventborne coatings
• Supermicronized versions of the above products
have resulted from recent development. They give
thicker expanded foam, extra thermal insulation,
and the possibility to formulate clear coats for
other applications, e.g. on wooden panels and
colored walls.
When winning time is crucial
2
As Charmor™ products are manufactured and supplied
by Perstorp they incorporate added value. We have
a genuine interest in ensuring your complete satisfac-
tion with our products and the performance of the
intumescent coatings in which they play an important
role. The major benefits you gain when choosing
Perstorp are:
Pure productsHigh polyol purity, small particle size and narrow
particle size distribution are essential for high and
consistent end-product performance. These are the
main reasons why key suppliers for intumescent
coatings recommend our products, which have a
particle size of less than 40 μm (micronized) and
15 μm(supermicronized) respectively. The absence
of coarse particles means fast incorporation rates in
end products.
Our high product quality is assured by ISO 9001
procedures, and the performance of Charmor™
products is well-documented.
Total responsibilityAs we have our own production plants, we take
charge of the total quality chain from sensitive raw
materials, through manufacturing and milling, to
bagging and distribution. The precise milling tech-
nology used for polyol micronization puts us at the
forefront of this demanding application area.
Convenient handlingCharmor™ products are easy to handle. The polyols
are non-toxic and present minimal risks for personnel
and the working environment. The products are non-
hygroscopic. They are easily stored in a cool warehouse
with virtually no caking.
A world leader Perstorp is a world leader in specialty chemicals. Our
global presence allows you to benefit from economy
of scale, while our local response offers you personal
service. No matter where you are, our worldwide
sales and distribution network is ready to serve you.
Secure supplyPerstorp is the global leader in polyol production.
Therefore you can rest assured of a constant and
uninterrupted supply of high-quality micronized
polyols to help fulfill your manufacturing commit-
ments.
Good technical supportOur personnel – including R&D staff - are closely
involved with both the manufacturing and application
of polyol products, therefore they have the extensive
knowledge needed to answer your questions on all
aspects of the Charmor™ product range.
When winning time is crucial
Why we are the preferred supplier
5
A typical formulation incorporating Charmor™ PM40
(see table below) for a waterborne intumescent
coating is as follows with the functions shown for
respective materials.
Material % FunctionTitanium dioxide 6.0 pigment
Exolit® AP 422 23.0 acid donor
Charmor™ PM40 8.5 carbon donor
Melamine powder 7.5 blowing agent
Water 28.0 base liquid
Mowilith® DM230 22.0 dispersant/binder
Additives 10.5 various
SUBSTRATE
PAINT LAYER
CARBON FOAM250 °C450 °C
650 °C
HEAT SOURCE
NORMAL
Tough char armor protects the body
Product name Polyol Micronized toCharmor™ PM40 Penta mono 40 µm
Charmor™ PT40 Penta/Di-Penta mix 40 µm
Charmor™ DP40 Di-Penta 40 µm
Charmor™ PM15 Penta mono 15 µm
Charmor™ PT15 Penta/Di-Penta mix 15 µm
Charmor™ DP15 Di-Penta 15 µm
Building a foam char barrierWhen a layer of intumescent coating (ca. 1 mm thick)
is exposed to heat of 250 °C and above, it will swell
up 10 to 100 times to build a foam char barrier that
insulates the underlying substrate.
The effect of heat on the intumescent coating has
the following effect:
1. Mowilith® DM230 dispersant/binder melts to allow
further chemical reactions to take place in a soft
matrix.
2. Exolit® AP 422 acid donor decomposes to form
polyphosphoric acid.
3. Polyphosphoric acid reacts with the Charmor™
carbon donor to form polyphosphoric acid esters.
4. The esters decompose to form a foamable carbon
matrix.
5. Melamine blowing agent releases gases that cause
the carbon matrix to create a foam that hardens to
form a tough insulating char barrier adhering to the
substrate.
SUBSTRATE
PAINT LAYER
CARBON FOAM250 °C450 °C
650 °C
HEAT SOURCE
NORMAL
On exposure to temperatures of 250 °C and higher, an intumescent coating gradually expands to form a foam char barrier that insulates the underlying substrate.
4
Protecting life and property everywhere
There is no limit to the application of intumescent
coatings. They are used wherever people and property
need to be protected from fire. Disasters at airports,
subways, dance halls, discos and other venues over
the years, along with the accompanying large loss of
life, stress the importance of using only the best
available fire-resistant materials.
Here we show you just a few of the places that
benefit from the protective power of Charmor™ products.
Offshore platformsCommercial buildingsPublic buildings:Schools, Universities, Hospitals, Theatres, Sports Arenas.Airports and HarborsProduction PlantsOil Refineries
7
20 40 60 800
200
0
400
800
600
1000
1200
Mean temperature rise
Furnace TempUncoated Steel TempCoated Steel Temp
Time (minutes)
Tem
per
atu
reri
se(°
C)
Small changes in individual compounds contained in
intumescent coatings can make a significant improve-
ment to end-product performance. This is seen from
the following data, which show why Charmor™ polyols
from Perstorp are recommended by leading suppliers
for intumescent coatings.
Charmor™ polyols are high performers
The Penta and Di-Penta measurements shown
opposite were made by the Swedish National Testing
and Research Institute, an independent organization.
Tests were performed on paints with a dry film
thickness (DFT) of 300 µm except where mentioned.
Applying an intumescent
coating to a steel plate
dramatically reduces the
rate of temperature rise
compared with uncoated
steel.
6
20 30 40 50 6010
300
200
400
500
600
700
800
Time (minutes)
Tem
per
atu
reri
se(°
C)
Mean temperature rise
Charmor™ DP40Charmor™ DP15Charmor™ PM40Charmor™ PM15
800
20 30 40 50 6010
300
200
400
600
500
700
Mean temperature rise
Penta micron. 1Penta micron. 2Penta micron. 3Charmor™ PM40Charmor™ PM15
Time (minutes)
Tem
per
atu
reri
se(°
C)
Both Charmor™ PM40 and Char-
mor™ PM15 in intumescent coating
formulations give better insulation
effects than competitive products.
Charmor™ PM provides better insula-
tion than Charmor™ DP in water-
borne coatings. Charmor™ PM15 gives
a slight advantage in insulation effect.
Sample DFT/µm Expansion Foam characterCharmor™ DP40 1000 20 Homogenous, soft, compact
Charmor™ DP15 1000 35 Homogenous, soft, relatively compact
Foaming performance of Charmor™ DP40 and Charmor™ DP15.
9
1.0 10.0 100.00,10
10
20
0102030405060708090100
Particle Diameter (µm.)
Volume (%)
10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.01.00
10
20
0102030405060708090100
Particle Diameter (µm.)
Volume (%)
The particle size distribution of
Charmor™ PM15. Approximately 98 %
of the particles are below 15 µm.
The particle size distribution of
Charmor™ PM40. Approximately 98 %
of the particles are below 40 µm.
Particle size distribution
Very small size and consistent, narrow particle
size distribution are important in maintaining the
high performance of micronized polyol additives
for intumescent coatings. Our milling technology
and quality control procedures ensure that at
least 98 % of our Charmor™ products are below
the stated particle size values, 40 µm and 15 µm.
8
Technical data
Property Charmor™ PM Charmor™ PT Charmor™ DP
Melting point 260 °C 250 °C 222 °C
Water solubility (% at room temperature)
5.25 4.70 0.22
Typical Hydroxyl number mg KOH/g
1645 1615 1325
Typical Mono Penta content 99 % 91 %
Typical Di-Penta content 7 % 95 %
Densitykg/m3
1400 1400 1370
Heat of melting kJ/Kg
42.2 335
Heat of combustion kJ/mole
2770 7740
Boiling point 276 °C at 4 kPa 276 °C at 4 kPa 356 °C
Micronized Particle size <40 µm typical 99 %
Particle size <40 µm typical 99 %
Particle size <40 µm typical 99 %
Supermicronized Particle size <15 µm min. 98 %
Particle size <15 µm min. 98 %
Particle size <15 µm min. 98 %
11
As a complement to its Charmor™ range of solid
micronized polyols, Perstorp offers a liquid product
– Charmor™ LP70. This polyol mix has been shown
to function as a novel source of carbon in waterborne
intumescent coatings. Fire tests carried out on intu-
mescent paints of different composition show that
formulations containing Charmor™ LP70 provide very
effective heat-resistant insulation barriers in terms of
fire protection time on steel.
Attractive benefitsThe histogram below based on results from the fire
tests indicates that paint formulators can use liquid
Charmor™ LP70 in waterborne coatings.
In addition, formulators gain the following benefits:
• Ease of handling resulting from a clean (no dust)
and rapidly mixed liquid, particularly when a drum
and pump are used.
• Equivalent fire protection on both horizontal and
vertical substrates due to greatly improved disper-
sion of the liquid polyol mix.
• Better control of temperature increase on addition
of liquid Charmor™ LP70 to formulations.
Charmor™ LP70 – a liquid polyol
• A more cost-effective carbon donor, even when
taking into account the water content and extra
amount of product that may be required in some
formulations.
Clear coatingsIn addition to steel protection, Charmor™ LP70 could
also find possible application in formulating clear
intumescent coatings for wood products due to its
liquid and transparent nature (colour: Gardner 6/7).
Charmor™ LP70 is a mixture of polyols in solu-
tion that is available in drums, containers or in bulk.
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Property Charmor™ LP70
Viscosity at 23 °C 25 mPas
Hydroxyl number 840 mg KOH/g
Water content 30 %
Colour Gardner 6/7
Products for cationic radiation curing
3
• Graphic Arts
– Overprint varnishes
– Flexographic inks
– Screen inks
– Inkjet
• Industrial Coatings
– Metal coating
(aluminum, steel)
– Plastic coating
Cationic ultraviolet/electron beam (UV/EB) radiation
curing systems have been on the market for a
number of years and show strong growth due to
their technical merits, environmental acceptability,
and the ready availability of suitable raw materials.
An outstanding alternativeThe cationic photoinduced polymerization of epox-
ides and oxetanes is an alternative technology to the
well-established free-radical UV/EB curing of ac-
rylates. UV/EB cationic curing offers several advan-
tages compared with traditional radiation curing:
• Better adhesion on difficult substrates (e.g. metals,
plastics, glass and ceramics) thanks to low shrinkage
and possible chemical bonding with the substrate.
• A living polymerization: shape forming is easily
achievable for expandable or shrinkable systems after
radiation exposure. Then full cure can be obtained,
which is beneficial for low-migrating systems.
• High curing speed under air (no air inhibition)
• Low odor
• Greater toughness
• Lower viscosity
• Withstands sterilization
• Good barrier and electrical properties
Growing application areasThe advantages of cationic UV/EB systems make
them mostly suitable for varnishes and inks for rigid
packaging application like metal can ends and rims,
flexible packaging like plastic tubes, shrink sleeves
and stand-up pouches just to mention a few growing
end-use applications.
• Adhesives
– Laminated adhesives
– Structural adhesives
– Pressure-sensitive
adhesives
• Silicone release
coatings
• Electronics
(dielectric coatings for
electronic metal parts,
insulators, encapsulation)
• Rapid Prototyping and
Modeling (RPM)
Main UV/EB cationic applications
Cationic systems offer several advantages
2
Pentaerythritol based alkoxylate
Boltorn® dendritic polymer
TMPOOOH
Dedicated products from PerstorpPerstorp products are key components for UV/EB
cationic systems. The three product groups we offer
are:
• TMPO as reactive diluent
• Boltorn® dendritic polyesters polyols as chain-
transfer crosslinkers and flexibilizers
• Alkoxylated polyols as chain-transfer crosslinkers
and flexibilizers
TMPO – the cationic reactive diluentThe main components of UV/EB cationic formula-
tions are resins, diluents and photoinitiators, as
exemplified by 3,4- epoxy cyclohexyl methyl-3,4
epoxy cyclohexane carboxylate as the main resin,
and trimethylolpropane oxetane (TMPO) as the
reactive diluent.
TMPO is a clear colorless, non skin irritating reactive
diluent. It combines increased reactivity with very
good diluting power of epoxy resins, and contributes
also to increased toughness.
Crosslinking and fine-tuning with polyolsThe ring opening of the epoxide and/or the oxetane
can be accompanied by crosslinking with hydroxy
functional compounds like polyether polyols and
Boltorn® dendritic polymer polyols. These polyols act
as chain-transfer crosslinkers and flexibilizers, which
can be used up to 30 wt% of the formulation.
Adhesion on:Cationic UV clear coat with
TMPO, polyol PP50 and cycloaliphatic epoxide
Free-radical UV formulation (epoxy acrylate, HDDA,
GPTA)
Aluminum 0 3
Steel 0 2
Glass 0 3
PE 0 1
OPP 0 2
PA 0 2
Tape adhesion test for UV cured 6 µm clear coatings (1 pass at 15 m/min under 80 W/cm H Bulb, 100 mJ/ cm2), 0 to 5. 0 best.
5
Using 10 parts of Polyol PP50 or Boltorn® H2004 improve flexibility and hardness (12 µm clear coatings on glass and aluminium, cured with 2 passes at 70 m/min under 80 W/cm H-bulb, 100 mJ/cm2, test after 24 h)
Overprint varnishes and coatings
TMPO is a very effective, non-irritant and reactive
diluent for cycloaliphatic epoxides. It improves the
curing speed by up to 2-times for the same photoini-
tiator concentration, thereby offering economical
advantages. Furthermore, TMPO improves the
through cure and increases chemical resistance.
It can be used up to 50 % in a formulation.
TMPO accelerates curing speedControlling the properties of coatings and adhesives
can be readily achieved by choosing the right
combination of polyols. The functionality and nature
of the polyols determine end-product properties like
flexibility and chemical resistance. Perstorp´s wide
range of alkoxylated polyols and Boltorn® aliphatic
hyperbranched polyols offers the versatility to
control these properties.
This ability to obtain the desired end-product
properties helps formulators to meet highly demand-
ing requirements like excellent formability for
applications such as rim and metal can-end coatings.
Unique UV laminating adhesivesCationic dark cure offers novel advantages such as
laminating opaque substrates under UV radiation,
something not achievable by other UV chemistries.
A correctly formulated cationic adhesive can be
exposed to UV light after being spread on a web
immediately prior to nipping two films together.
Effect of TMPO on viscosity reduction and curing speed in a basic overprint varnish formulation based on 3,4-epoxy cyclohexyl methyl-3,4 epoxy cyclohexane carboxylate.
Polyol PP50 and Boltorn® H2004 improve toughness
600
300
200
100
0
Vis
cosi
ty (
mPa
s at
25
°C) 500
400
0 10 15 20 25 30
TMPO concentration (wt%)
Viscosity
Max belt speed
90
60
50
10
0
Max
bel
t sp
eed
(m/m
in, H
bu
lb 8
0 W
/cm
)80
70
20
30
40
No polyol With PP50With Boltorn®
H2004
Pendulum hardness (Ks)
165 215 214
Bending test, 180°
fail pass pass
4
70
30
20
10
0
Viol
et 2
3Vi
olet
23
with
Bolto
rn® H
2004
Blue
15:
3Bl
ue 1
5:3
with
Bolto
rn® H
2004
Ora
nge
34 w
ith
Bolto
rn® H
2004
60
Sho
rtn
ess
ind
ex
(2,
5s-1) /
(25
00
s-1)
50
40
Ora
nge
34
Flexographic and screen printing inks
Since the early 1990’s, Perstorp has taken the lead in
bringing cost-effective dendritic polymers to the
market for a number of applications. Our dendritic
polymers are sold under the Boltorn® trademark.
Now we have started to modify the structure of
our dendritic polymers to meet the needs of cationic
radiation curing, thereby offering new opportunities
to formulators and end users.
Boltorn® H2004 improves ink flowOne example is Boltorn® H2004 dendritic polyol,
which not only offers the general advantages of
polyols in cationic systems like improved flexibility,
but also further improves the chemical resistance
and rheological behavior of flexographic inks while
maintaining high curing speed. The ink transfer can
be improved at high speed thanks to the better
Newtonion behaviour of printing inks containing
Boltorn® H2004.
A strong reduction of the shortness index is achieved using 10 parts of Boltorn® H2004 in several pigmented flexographic UV inks.
A lower viscosity at low shear is obtained using 10 parts of Boltorn® H2004 in a flexographic blue ink.
Boltorn® H2003 for higher crosslinking densityUsing Boltorn® H2003 is another possibility which
enables excellent flow and provides a higher
crosslinking density than Boltorn® H2004. Highly
pigmented screen printing inks can easier be
obtained while maintaining very good flow rate and
high gloss.
Shear rate s-1
50
30
20
10
00.1 1 10 100 1000
Reference formulation
10 parts Boltorn® H2004 formulation40
Vis
cosi
ty, (
Pas
at 2
5 °C
)
Adhesion on:
Cationic UV flexographic ink with TMPO, Boltorn® H2004 and cycloaliphatic
expoxide
Free-radical UV flexographic ink
(polyester acrylate, TPGDA, GPTA)
PE 0 3
OPP 0 2
PP 0 2
Tape adhesion test for UV cured blue flexographic inks applied with a 750 cells/inch anilox roller (1 pass at 15 m/min under 80 W/cm H Bulb, 100 mJ/cm2), 0 to 5. 0 best.
7
Perstorp technical leaflets on basic chemistry and
detailed applications can be ordered from
www.perstorp.com.
Reactive diluent
Product OH-functionality Equivalent weight
OH- or oxetaneMolecular
weightViscosity*
TMPO 1 116 116 25
Polyol crosslinkers and flexibilizers
Polyether polyols
NS20 2 110 220 170
TP30 3 92 275 800
TP70 3 150 444 360
TP200 3 340 1014 350
PP50 4 90 355 1600
Dendritic polyester polyols
Boltorn® H2004 6 530 3200 16000
Boltorn® H2003 12 200 2500 1000
* mPas at 23 °C except Boltorn® H2003 at 60 °C
Polyol R2490 Polyol 3610 Polyol 3380 Polyol 3165 Polyol 4640
AlkoxylatesVersatile liquid polyols
Perstorp offers a unique and broad range of polyols
with different hydroxyl functionalities which, when
acrylated, are ideal for radiation curing products. For
example, they are used in industrial coatings for wood
and plastics, in printing inks and varnishes for graphic
arts, and in electronics and adhesives applications.
A major achievement over the past two decades in
the development of acrylate monomers for radiation
curing has been the improvement of the health and
safety profi le of products. In particular the qualifi ca-
tion of the diluents as non-irritants has led to a
higher acceptance of the technology in the coating,
ink, adhesive and electronic markets.
Perstorp alkoxylates are developed to address this
issue. Our new products are specially designed to
comply with current requirements such as very low
levels of critical impurities.
Precursors for acrylate monomersAlkoxylated polyols serve as key precursors to
acrylate monomers. These are used as reactive
diluents and usually make up the major part of
formulations. The role of a diluent for radiation
curing is to reduce the viscosity of the formulated
system in order to obtain the desired processing
conditions. The reactive diluent is essential for
obtaining the required properties of the end product.
Coating properties like wetting, adhesion, toughness
and resistance to abrasion and chemicals can all be
infl uenced by the diluent. Therefore the choice of
alkoxylate is also critical as it has a strong infl uence
on all of these properties.
OligomersIn addition to the use of all these alkoxylates in
reactive diluents, they can also be used to develop
unique polyester, urethane and aminoacrylate oli-
gomers. Thanks to our large product portfolio, an
almost infi nite derivatization of oligomers can be
made, suitable for any end application and perform-
ance. Moreover, Perstorp has extensive expertise in
the fi eld of radiation curing and in assisting our
customers to get the most out of our product range.
Radiation curingCompared with traditional, solventborne coating technologies, radiation curing offers several advantages, such as:• Environmentally friendly solvent-free systems• High productivity allowing immediate further
processing• Low investment and less production space• Low energy costs• Excellent coating, ink and adhesive performance• Good availability of raw materials for various
application fi elds
Alkoxylates are key ingredients for radiation curing
In addition to the two applications mentioned,
Perstorp alkoxylates can be used in a wide number
of other applications as such or following derivatiza-
tion. For example:
• Polyol 3990 as liquid trifunctional starter for poly-
ether polyols, polyesters and polyurethanes with
primary OH groups.
• Polyol 3165 with a low OH number and high
MW can be used when additives are needed for
water compatibility, for example emulsifi ers for
rosin esters.
• A number of the alkoxylates presented have
been found to have a positive effect as co-
stabilizers for PVC.
• Derivatives can be made to allow their use as
surface active agents like defoamers.
• Surface modifi cation of pigments where the
surface characteristics can be altered.
• Esters with useful properties as lubricants where
hydrophilicity/phobicity can be tailored.
• Oilfi eld chemicals.
• Esters for metalworking.
• Various additives in paints and coatings.
Additives
Polyol R6405Perstorp is now introducing 6-functional alkoxylates
with high thermal and chemical stability unlike
sugar-based polyols. The fi rst product meets the EU
polymer defi nition and can be used to make acrylic
esters and crosslinkers, and as chemical building
blocks.
Polyol R2395As regards diols, Perstorp now has a new product,
Polyol R2395, which enables the production of esters
with better hydrolytic stability and lower surface
tension. R2395 acrylate is a highly fl exible difunc-
tional monomer rated as the superior difunctional
monomer in terms of wetting low surface tension
substrates. Moreover, a wider application potential
exists with fl exible materials, including very particu-
lar types of substrates and conditions of evaluation.
Mapping the product versus TPGDA and HDDA
provides advantages for the customer compared with
these commonly used alternatives.
Polyol R4630Perstorp is specializing in developing products
containing low amounts of undesired glycols and has
introduced Polyol R4630 as the fi rst of a new genera-
tion of alkoxylates. The product is designed to
support the penetration of radiation curing coatings
and printing inks in applications where residual low
molecular weight acrylates is a key issue.
Low impurity levels enable use of UV acrylates in
applications where the lowest skin irritation and low
migration are of highest importance. Our fi rst product
R4631 is now followed by R4630 with even lower
level of impurity, and other products are under
development.
New products
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R2395diacrylate
45.0
40.0
35.0
25.0
30.0Co
nta
ct a
ng
le o
n P
E
R2490diacrylate
TPGDA HDDA
100
HDDA
80
60
40
0
20
120
140
160
R2395 diacrylate
0
8180
R2490 diacrylate
Pen
du
lum
har
dn
ess,
K·s
Eric
hse
n fl
exi
bili
ty, m
m
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Mechanical performance of cured difunctional acrylates
Surface wetting
R4631 R4630
Free polyol 0.2 <0.1
Sum EGs <0.2 <0.1
Sum PGs 1.5–2.5 <0.1
Other low Mw impurities
3 <0.1
Where to go for more information: Website: www.Perstorp.com If you are in… Africa Perstorp AB
+46 435 37 429 Mathias Glennstål
Asia (Japan only) Perstorp Japan Co., Ltd. +81 3 6667 7287 Kenji Kawabata Asia (except Japan) Hansol-Perstorp Co., Ltd.
+82 18 333 7487 +46 706 439 897 Lars Erlandsson
Europe Perstorp AB
+46 435 37 488 David James
North America Perstorp Polyols, Inc.
+1 419 729 5448 Jeff Jones
South America Perstorp AB
+46 435 38 305 Göran Bergvall