Producing Hydrogen from Nuclear Energy · Producing Hydrogen from Nuclear Energy Thomas J....
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U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen Program U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen Program Hydrogen Program Producing Hydrogen from Producing Hydrogen from Nuclear Energy Nuclear Energy Thomas J. O’Connor Nuclear Energy 2008 DOE Hydrogen Program Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting June 9, 2008
Transcript of Producing Hydrogen from Nuclear Energy · Producing Hydrogen from Nuclear Energy Thomas J....
U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen ProgramU.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen ProgramHydrogen Program
Producing Hydrogen from Producing Hydrogen from Nuclear EnergyNuclear Energy
Thomas J. O’ConnorNuclear Energy
2008 DOE Hydrogen Program Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting
June 9, 2008
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Nuclear power provides a viable source of energy for hydrogen production via several pathways.
All of these methods split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
Nuclear power provides a viable source of energy for hydrogen production via several pathways.
All of these methods split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
NuclearReactorNuclear
Reactor
Low Temp.ElectrolysisLow Temp.
Electrolysis
Thermo-chemical Thermo-
chemical
High Temp.ElectrolysisHigh Temp.
Electrolysis
Heat
Elec.
H2
Hydrogen Manufacturing Using Clean Nuclear Energy
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Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative
FOCUS: Hydrogen production technologies that are compatible with nuclear energy systems and do not produce greenhouse gases
OBJECTIVE: By 2019, operate a nuclear-compatible hydrogen production plant to produce hydrogen at a cost competitive with other alternative transportation fuels
FOCUS: Hydrogen production technologies that are compatible with nuclear energy systems and do not produce greenhouse gases
OBJECTIVE: By 2019, operate a nuclear-compatible hydrogen production plant to produce hydrogen at a cost competitive with other alternative transportation fuels
Major Program Milestones● FY 2007: Construction of laboratory-scale experiments ● FY 2011: Select hydrogen production technology to be coupled with
the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (EPACT requirement)● FY 2013: Operate pilot-scale hydrogen production experiments● FY 2019: Demonstrate commercial-scale hydrogen production
system for use with advanced nuclear reactors
Major Program Milestones● FY 2007: Construction of laboratory-scale experiments ● FY 2011: Select hydrogen production technology to be coupled with
the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (EPACT requirement)● FY 2013: Operate pilot-scale hydrogen production experiments● FY 2019: Demonstrate commercial-scale hydrogen production
system for use with advanced nuclear reactors
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NHI BudgetFY2009 Budget Request = $16.6M
FY2008 Budget = $9.9M
FY2009 Budget Request = $16.6MFY2008 Budget = $9.9M
FY09 EmphasisOperate laboratory-scale experiments:
○ Continue testing of Sulfur-Iodine cycle
○ Evaluate process improvements (membranes and improved catalysts)
○ Design laboratory-scale experiment for Hybrid Sulfur cycle for construction in FY 2010.
○ Continue High Temperature Electrolysis experiments begun in FY 2008
○ Incorporate the results from the integrated laboratory scale experiments into the hydrogen production economic analysis model.
FY09 EmphasisOperate laboratory-scale experiments:
○ Continue testing of Sulfur-Iodine cycle
○ Evaluate process improvements (membranes and improved catalysts)
○ Design laboratory-scale experiment for Hybrid Sulfur cycle for construction in FY 2010.
○ Continue High Temperature Electrolysis experiments begun in FY 2008
○ Incorporate the results from the integrated laboratory scale experiments into the hydrogen production economic analysis model.
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FY08 Appropriation
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NHI R&D Approach
2. High Temperature Electrolysis ● Technology development – single, multi-cell stack experiments ● Scaling experiments (approx.15 kW)● Pilot scale experiment facility (approx. 200 kW)
2. High Temperature Electrolysis ● Technology development – single, multi-cell stack experiments ● Scaling experiments (approx.15 kW)● Pilot scale experiment facility (approx. 200 kW)
1. Thermochemical Cycles ● Process – performance potential and technical issues● Integrated lab scale experiments (S-I, hybrid S, approx. 5 -10 kW)● Pilot scale experiment (approx 0.5 - 1 MW)
1. Thermochemical Cycles ● Process – performance potential and technical issues● Integrated lab scale experiments (S-I, hybrid S, approx. 5 -10 kW)● Pilot scale experiment (approx 0.5 - 1 MW)
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Sulfur-Based Thermochemical Cycles for Hydrogen Production
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Sulfur-Iodine Integrated Laboratory-Scale Experiment
(General Atomics, Sandia National Laboratory, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique of France (CEA))
H2SO4 DecomposerH2SO4 Decomposer
Bunsen ReactorBunsen Reactor
InterfaceSkid
InterfaceSkid
HIx DecomposerHIx Decomposer
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High Temperature Steam Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production
Planar Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Stack
4 e-90 % H2O + 10 % H2 10 % H2O + 90 % H2
Porous Anode, Manganite (e.g., LSM)
Gastight Electrolyte, Zirconia (YSZ or ScSZ)
Porous Cathode, e.g., Nickel-Zirconia cermet
2 H20 + 4 e- → 2 H2 + 2 O=
2 O= → O2 + 4 e-
2 O= ↓
H2O ↓ ↑H2
O2↓
Interconnection
H2O + H2 →
←Ο2
Next Nickel-Zirconia Cermet CathodeH2O↓ ↑
H2
Flow Field
Flow Field
4 e-
Flow Field
}
... } Next cells
One cell
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High Temperature Electrolysis: from Button Cells to the Integrated Laboratory Scale Experiment
Button cell (2003) 3.2 cm2
10-cell stack (2004) 640 cm2
120-cell half-module (2006) 7,680 cm2
Integrated Laboratory Scale (operational 8-22-07)720 cells, 3 modules (2008) 46,080 cm2
(Idaho National Laboratory)
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Generation IV International Forum Interest in Very-High-Temperature Reactor (VHTR) Hydrogen Project
Canada
France
Japan
Korea
United States
South Africa
European Union
Switzerland
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Then what ???
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Progressive uses of hydrogen produced through nuclear energy
● Upgrading of heavy crude oils for the production of gasoline
● Upgrading of Athabasca Oil Sands for production of diesel and gasoline
● Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of diesel, jet fuel, and gasoline using CO from coal gasification
● Utilization of bulk-stored H2 and O2 for peak power generation
● Co-electrolysis of CO2 from biomass and steam to produce CO and H2 for synthetic, GHG-neutral, gasoline, diesel and jet fuels
● Nuclear production of H2 for use in fuel-cell-powered vehicles as well as stationary fuel cells.
● Upgrading of heavy crude oils for the production of gasoline
● Upgrading of Athabasca Oil Sands for production of diesel and gasoline
● Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of diesel, jet fuel, and gasoline using CO from coal gasification
● Utilization of bulk-stored H2 and O2 for peak power generation
● Co-electrolysis of CO2 from biomass and steam to produce CO and H2 for synthetic, GHG-neutral, gasoline, diesel and jet fuels
● Nuclear production of H2 for use in fuel-cell-powered vehicles as well as stationary fuel cells.
