Producing Green Jet Fuel - Platts · UOP LLC, A Honeywell Company ... US Renewable Fuel Standard...
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Transcript of Producing Green Jet Fuel - Platts · UOP LLC, A Honeywell Company ... US Renewable Fuel Standard...
© 2011 UOP LLC. All rights reserved.
Platts 6th Annual Next-Generation Biofuels Conference November 1, 2011 Chicago, Illinois
UOP 5571K-1
Amar Anumakonda Business Development, RE&C UOP LLC, A Honeywell Company
Producing Green Jet Fuel
Agenda
Market drivers for green jet fuel Renewable jet fuel
technology overview Pathways to growing
the supply chain Summary
Global Biofuels Demand Forecast by Region
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
North America EU-27 Latin America Asia/Pacific Africa FSU
K B/D
Global Biofuels Demand Forecast by Type
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Ethanol Biodiesel
K B/D
Global Biofuels Demand & Drivers
PIRA, Sept. 2010
PIRA, Sept. 2010
Oil prices, energy security, GHG abatement & sustainability drive growth in biofuels demand
• Rising oil prices
• Government support prompted by Energy security Environmental concerns (GHG
emission, sustainability) Job creation/rural development
• Renewable fuels market created by Adopting targets and mandates Tax incentives/exemption Carbon credits CO2 emission cap Loan guarantees
$0$20$40$60$80
$100$120$140$160
2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012
US$
per
bar
rel
Crude Oil WTI
CMAI Mar 2011
UOP 5571K-3
Aviation Market Outlook
Source: Boeing Company Publications, Public Domain Content, from WWW
Growth in air traffic may double in next 15 years, requiring more fuel
Economic Growth Global Trade Liberalization New Business Models Technology Airline Services Airline Productivity
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Trav
el –
Bill
ions
RPK
s
Long-Term Growth Rates: GDP = 3%
Passengers = 5% Cargo = 6%
Gulf War Crisis
SARS Sept. 11
UOP 5341-06
Forecast: Aviation Industry CO2 Emissions
Source: Presented to ICAO GIACC/3 February 2009 by Paul Steele on behalf of ACI, CANSO, IATA and ICCAIA
Using less fuel Efficient Airplanes Operational Efficiency
Changing the fuel Sustainable Biofuels
Low carbon fuels a key part of emissions reduction
Key Drivers of Emissions Reductions
Carbon Neutral Timeline 2050
CO
2 Em
issi
ons
Baseline
Low Carbon Fuels
UOP 5341-07
US Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2)
Energy security is primary market driver in US
Renewable Fuel Volume Requirements
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022Year
Bill
ion
Gal
lons
(Eth
anol
Equ
ival
ent)
Advanced Biofuel: Other
Advanced Biofuel: Biomass Based Diesel
Advanced Biofuel: Cellulosic Biofuel
Conventional Biofuel
Source: http://www.epa.gov/
UOP 5571K-6
Why Natural Oils and Fats?
60 400 500 650 1000 1300 Boiling Point, °F
Gasoline Diesel No. 2 Lubricating Oils Asphalt
Jet
300
Heavy Fuel Oils Gases
Crude Oil
1 6 8 10 15 20 43 71 Number of Carbon Atoms
Natural Fats and Oils
Nature stores excess energy in triglycerides – fats and oils
Triglycerides have chemical structures similar to diesel and jet fuel
- Less branched, but similar structure
Triglycerides naturally similar to distillate fuels UOP 5571K-8
UOP Proprietary
UOP Renewable Fuels: Chemistry & Simplified Process Diagram
+
H3C CH3
+
CH3 CH3
CH3 H3C CH3 H3C
CH3
H3C CH3 CH3 CH3
CH3 HO
O H2
CO2
H2O +
+ H3C CH3
H3C CH3
HC
O
O
O
O
O
O
CH3
CH2 + CH3
CH3 H2O
CO2 H3C
H3C H3C CH3
CH3 H3C
Reactor System
Water
CO2
Propane & Light Ends
Green Diesel or Green Jet Product
Make-up Hydrogen
Separator
Feed
Acid Gas Removal
Green Naphtha
Product is a High Quality Pure Hydrocarbon: Green Diesel and Green Jet (Bio SPK)
UOP Catalyst
Triglyceride
Free Fatty Acid
Straight Chain Paraffins
Green Diesel or Green Jet
& Green Naphtha
Propane
UOP 5571K-9
UOP Catalyst
UOP Proprietary
Feedstock flexible Costs
-Capex; similar to typical refinery process unit -Opex; SPK cost subject to feedstock cost, but can be competitive with Jet A-1
High quality green hydrocarbon products
UOP’s Renewable Jet & Green Diesel Process
Commercial scale proven technology
Hydrogen
Light Fuels
SPK (Green Jet)
Green Diesel
CO2
Water
Deoxygenation
Selective Hydrocracking
and/or Isomerization
Product Separation
Feedstocks Rapeseed Tallow Jatropha Soybean Algal Oils Palm Oil Camelina Greases
UOP 5571K-10
Deoxygenating/ Isomerization
Built on Ecofining Technology
Green Diesel
Green Jet (SPK)
Natural Oil/ Grease
DARPA Project Partners
Deoxygenating/ Selective Cracking/
Isomerization Natural Oil/
Grease
Available for License Now
• Initially a DARPA-funded project to develop process technology to produce military jet fuel (JP-8) from renewable sources
•An extension of UOP EcofiningTM process, with selective cracking to make jet-range material
•Produces SPK that meets all properties of ASTM D7566
• ASTM certification for blending up to 50% passed in July 2011
UOP Renewable Jet Process Overview
UOP 5571K-11
UOP Proprietary
Industry Qualification (ASTM D4054 Process)
FAA & OEM Review & Approval
ASTM Balloting Process
Specification Properties
Engine / APU Testing
Fit-For-Purpose Properties
Component / Rig Testing
ASTM Research
Report ASTMSpecification
Accept
ASTM
Review
& Ballot
Re-EvalAs Required
Reject
ASTMSpecification
Accept
ASTM
Review
& Ballot
Re-EvalAs Required
Reject
Revised or New ASTM Spec
Reference: Mark Rumizen January 25, 2010
Use of Green Jet Fuel
A ‘drop-in’ biofuel for aviation
Natural Oils & Fats
Fully Fungible “drop-in”
Renewable Fuel
50-100% 0-50%
UOP Renewable Jet Process
Crude Oil
Oil Refinery
Fossil Jet Fuel Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene
Green Jet Fuel can meet all the key properties of petroleum derived aviation fuel Flash point Freeze Point Stability Heat of Combustion
SPK does not contain aromatics so must be blended with a source of aromatics, such as fossil jet fuel
UOP 5571K-13
UOP Proprietary
UOP Renewables Vision • Building on UOP technology and expertise • Produce real “drop-in” fuels instead of fuel additives/blends • Leverage existing refining, transportation, energy, biomass handling
infrastructure to lower capital costs, minimize value chain disruptions, and reduce investment risk.
• Focus on path toward second generation feedstocks & chemicals
“Other” Oils: Camelina, Jatropha
Lignocellulosic biomass,
algal oils
Second Generation
Oxygenated Biofuels
Biodiesel Ethanol
Hydrocarbon Biofuels
Jet Diesel Gasoline
First Generation
Natural oils from vegetables and
greases
Fuel & Power
Renewable Energy
UOP 5571K-15
Critical Issues
Food supply: small impact on the fuel market, yet large impact on food supply
Land and water: competition for land and water resources that are already in high demand
Environmental: loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, nutrient leaching, soil and water pollution and deforestation
Second Generation Development Required to Ameliorate these Risks
UOP 5139-05
• Technological innovation needed for processing
Algae Ready in 3 to 5 years Challenges
Halophytes Ready in 3 to 5 years
• Proven at pilot scale
• Improve agronomy for cost reduction
Challenges
Jatropha Ready in 2 to 4 years
• Limited to warm climates only
• Mechanical harvesting isn’t mature
Challenges
Camelina Ready Now
• Limited total potential owing to yield
• Somewhat tied to grain market swings
Challenges
Viability is based on timing, technology and local resources
Sustainable Biofuel Feedstock Alternatives
Completed Flight Demonstrations
Successful KLM Flight Demo Date: Nov. 23 2009
Feedstock: Camelina oil
Feedstock: Jatropha oil
Successful JAL Flight Demo Date: Nov. 23 2010
Successful Interjet Flight Demo Date: Apr. 01 2011
Feedstock: Jatropha oil
UOP 5571K-19
UOP Proprietary
Royal Netherlands Air Force 16 June 2010 Gilz Rijen Air Base Netherlands
Recent UOP Green Fuel Demonstrations
USAF A-10C 25 March 2010 Eglin AFB
US Navy Green Hornet 22 April 2010 Pax River NATC
USAF C-17 27 August 2010 Edwards AFB
US Navy RCB-X 22 October 2010 Naval Station Norfolk
F-15 III Strike Eagle 25 October 2010 Eglin AFB
Deliveries exceeding
700,000 gallons to date UOP 5571K-20
Enable… Scalable Production with diverse feedstocks…
3. Revamp existing Refinery Units (not optimal, but helps lower capital)
1. Stand-alone (Greenfield Unit)
2. Integrate with new or existing Refineries
Feedstocks Jatropha Algae Camelina Animal Fats Greases, UCO Canola, Soyabean Palm
A 10,000 BPD (UOP licensed) unit is currently in construction