Process to Recycle Shale Gas Produced Water Utilizing By ... · 95.3 108 77.0 1.04 0.94

Cost Effective Solutions For …. Today’s Problems

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

Process to Recycle Shale Gas

Produced Water

Utilizing By-Product Recovery

Eliminating

Disposal via Deep Well Injection

by Tom Lewis III


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

WHO’S LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL…

• COMPANY HAS SEVERAL PATENTS - HEAVY

METAL REMOVAL AND CYANIDE DESTRUCTION.

• NEW PATENT ISSUED - SHALE GAS WATER

RECYCLING

MISSION STATEMENT…

TO PROVIDE ITS CUSTOMERS WITH A “SINGLE

SOURCE” FOR WATER MANAGEMENT WITH

“GREEN “ SERVICES, RESOURCE RECOVERY,

WATER RECYCLING AND ECONOMIC SAVINGS.


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

•Crane Naval Base

Customers Who Have Used Our

Products And Services


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

TRILLION DOLLAR

NATURAL GAS RESERVE


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

Hydraulic Fracturing…• FRACING” - INJECTING WATER, SAND AND

CHEMICALS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE INTO THE

SHALE FORMATION.

• SEPARATES THE PORES IN THE ROCK , SAND

"HOLD" THE CRACKS OPEN – RELEASES GAS

FLOWBACK: 20% - 25% OF INJECTED WATER IS

RECOVERED FROM THE WELL.

• NASTY STUFF: THERE’S AS MUCH AS TWO

POUNDS OF SALT IN A GALLON OF FRAC WATER.


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

HYDROFRAC REQUIRES 6,000,000 GALLONS WATER

THAT’S 1200 TRUCKLOADS OF WATER OR 9 OLYMPIC SIZE SWIMMING POOLS

1,940M

1,405M 1,697M

1,147M

895M

435M 631M

272 M

2nd

2010

1st

2011

2nd

2011

1st

2012

2nd

2012

1st

2013

2nd

2013

1st

2014

MARCELLUS SHALE GAS PRODUCTION….

613% INCREASE OVER 4 YEARS

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


*GAS VOLUME in MCF

PA PRODUCES 20% OF UNITED STATES NATURALGAS SUPPLY!


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

MULTIPLE WELL PAD LAYOUT

DRILL MORE WELLS WITH LESS RIGS


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

WATER MANAGEMNT TRENDS…

SMALL and MEDIUM SIZE DRILLERS

• OFF-SITE DISPOSAL COSTLY TRUCKING AND

DISPOSAL FEES

LARGE SIZE DRILLERS

• REUSE “DIRTY” FRAC WATER AND FRESH WATER

• DEEP WELL INJECT CONCENTRATED

BRINE WATER

LOSS OF VALUABLE WATER AND

RECOVERABLE RESOURCES


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

DIRTY FRAC WATER

SOFTENED FILTERED

FRAC WATER

RECYCLED FRAC WATER

DEEP WELL INJECTION

FRESH WATER

FRAC WATER MANAGEMENT

DRILL SITE

2nd

FRAC WATER

RECYCLED

5 – 6 TIMES


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

FRAC WATER RECYCLING CRITERIA…

• INORGANIC IMPURITIES

BARIUM, STRONTIUM, IRON, SULFATE

CALCIUM AND CHLORIDE LEVELS

• ANY THING ELSE…

ORGANICS CONTAMINANTS

NORMALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

• IS THAT IT?

SCALING FACTORS – DISSOLVED GAS CO2

ALL IMPACT THE REUSE OF FRAC WATER

2013 RECYCLING / FLOWBACK TREND ANALYSIS

ITEMS FLOWBACK

YEAR 2009

FLOWBACK

YEAR 2011

FLOWBACK

YEAR 2013

Sodium 12,200 15,500 18,800

Calcium 7,500 19,500 25,800

Magnesium 570 1,680 1,550

Iron 39 109 43.1

Barium 95 3,310 6,610

Strontium 103 4,040 7,630

Chloride 80,200 148,000 164,000

Bicarbonate 36 56 ND

Ammonia 107 135 148


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

SUMMARY…

•CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION

INCREASED BY 100%.

•BARIUM AND STRONTIUM CONCENTRATIONS

INCREASED 30 – 40 TIMES.

•CALCIUM CONCENTRATION INCREASED

2 – 3 TIMES.

•TDS LEVELS INCREASED 2 – 3 TIMES.

THESE INCREASES ARE GAME CHANGERS


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

FRAC AND PRODUCED WATERS ARE TRANSPORTED TO VARIOUS TREATMENT FACILITIES FOR RECYCLING OR FOR DISPOSAL VIA DEEP WELL INJECTION.

SHALE WASTE TRANSPORTATION ISSSUES…


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

CLASS II INJECTION WELL

ANNULUS ACCESS

DRILLING MUD

CEMENT

TUBING

INJECTION ZONE

WHAT IS DEEP WELL INJECTION…

WASTE IS PUMPED INTO THE EARTH UNDER A SEALED PIPING SYSTEM.


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

OHIO, PA and OK COMPARISON…

•PA HAS SIX INJECTION WELLS

•OHIO HAS OVER 170 INJECTION WELLS

•OKLAHOMA HAS OVER 3,000 INJECTION WELLS

• PA FIRMS PAID $1.6 MILLION TO OHIO IN FEES

FOR INJECTION WELL DISPOSAL

• OHIO FIRMS PAID $400K (1/5) TO STATE IN

INJECTION WELL DISPOSAL FEES


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

DEEP WELL INJECTION

THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE UGLY…• GOOD – IF AVAILABLE, LOW COST; HANDLES A

WIDE RANGE OF WASTE W/ COMPLETE DISPOSAL.

• IF THE REGION’S GEOLOGY SUPPORTS DISPOSAL

ITS HEAVILY USED.

• BAD – LIMITED CAPACITY AND NOT CHEAP-$5M

• LOCATION LIMITED; MAY HAVE TO TRUCK.

• UGLY – WELLS CAN BE PLUGGED WITH SCALE.

• INJECTION WELLS CAN CAUSE EARTH TREMORS.


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

OHIO INJECTION WELL VOLUMES…

IN-STATE vs OUT of STATE


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

INCREASED TREMORS…

COMPLICATED INJECTION WELL PERMITING

SEISMISITY MONITORING

LOWER PRODUCTION VOLUMES

SHUT DOWN IF NEAR TREMORS

LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


THREE MAJOR ISSUES INTERSECT…

• LOW TDS DISCHARGE REGULATIONS

FOR FRACK WATER DISPOSAL.

• NEED TO REDUCE FRESH WATER

USAGE FOR FRACKING.

• ALTERNATIVES TO DEEP WELL INJECTION

ADVANCED FRACK WATER PROCESSING

INDUSTRY LOOKING FOR A

WINNING STRATEGY


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

TITLE 25 PA CODE CHAPTER 95...

NEW SOURCES OF HIGH TDS WASTE WATERS

AFTER AUGUST 1, 2010

SHALE GAS WASTE WATER DISCHARGE LIMITS

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS 500 mg/l

TOTAL CHLORIDES 250 mg/l

TOTAL SULFATES 250 mg/l

TOTAL BARIUM 10 mg/l

TOTAL STRONTIUM 10 mg/l


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

FRAC WATER TREATMENT CHOICES…

•REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO)

•OZONE DESTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

•DISTILLATION AND EVAPORATION

• CRYSTALLIZER

•EC / UV

•ESP - BY-PRODUCT RECOVERY

LET’S REVEIW HOW EACH ONE WORKS


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

DISTILLATION STRENGTH WEAKNESS

GE WATER (USA) RECOVERS AND

CONCENTRATES

FINANCIALLY

STRONG

EXPENSIVE

EQUIPMENT

HIGH ENERGY

CONSUMPTION

FOUNTAIN QUAIL

(USA)

INDUSTRY

ACCEPTANCE

THREE UNITS IN

MARCELLUS

PLAY

CONCENTRATE

DISPOSAL

HIGH

MAINTENANCE

COSTS


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

EVAPORATION STRENGTH WEAKNESS

ALTELA PRODUCES

CLEAN

DISTILLATE

MODERATELY

EXPENSIVE

EQUIPMENT

DOES USE ENERGY

PURE STREAM HAVE SEVERAL

COMMERCIAL

UNITS IN THE

FIELD

CONCENTRATE

DISPOSAL

LIMITED

PROCESSING

VOLUMES


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

EXTENSIVE RECYCLING OF FRAC FLUIDS HAS REDUCED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES DUE TO THE HIGH TDS AND CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATIONS


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

120K – 180K PPM


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

• REUSE: FEASIBLE?

• RO: PROBLEMS

WITH HIGHER TDS

• EVAPORATION: LOW

TDS SWEET SPOT

• CRYSTALLIZATION:

COST & IMPURE BY-

PRODUCT

RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON

CRYSTALLIZER STRENGTH WEAKNESS

GE WATER (USA) CONCENTRATES

HIGH TDS

FEED STOCKS

FINANCIALLY

STRONG

VERY EXPENSIVE

EQUIPMENT

HIGH ENERGY

CONSUMPTION

AQUA-TECH

(USA)

TWO UNITS IN

MARCELLUS

PLAY

CONCENTRATE

DISPOSAL

HIGH

MAINTENANCE

COSTS


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

MAJOR PROBLEM …

MULTIPLE CONTAMINANTS –LOW QUALITY SALT


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

CRYSTALLIZER OPERATIONAL REVIEW…

•MARCELLUS SHALE OPERATION TALKED ABOUT

SALT AND BY-PRODUCT QUALITY ISSUES

• 1ST SALT CONTAINED BARIUM. LEVELS NOT HIGH

BUT STILL THERE

• 2ND FEEDSTOCKS WITH MULTIPLE CONTAMINANTS

PROVED DIFFICULT TO PROCESS

• 3RD PURGE STREAM HAD HIGH LEVELS OF

CALCIUM WITH OTHER CONTAMINANTS- BARIUM

BOTTOM LINE…

BY-PRODUCTS NOT READILY SALABLE


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

RECOVERY INNOVATIONS …

•COMBINING TECHNOLOGY WITH BY-PRODUCT

RECOVERY

•ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS (PATENTED)

•MOBILE (ON-SITE) TREATMENT PRODUCES

SUITABLE WATER FOR REUSE

•LOW ENERGY USAGE

• ELIMINATE FRAC FLUIDS FOR DISPOSAL

• RECOVERS BRINE AS SALEABLE SALT AND BY-

PRODUCTS – CALCIUM, BARIUM AND STRONTIUM

INCREASE REVENUES …


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS (ESP)

TWO STAGE PROCESS

• 1st STAGE – REMOVES OIL/GREASE, INORGANICS

SUCH AS IRON

• 2nd STAGE – REMOVES TRACE ORGANICS AND

NONDESIRED INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS

• ESP EFFLUENT IS CLEAR AND ORGANIC FREE

• SCALING FACTORS REDUCED

ESP EFFLUENT CAN BE RECYCLED BACK TO DRILLING OPERATION OR DISTILLATION / CRYSTALLIZER FEEDSTOCK

Cost Effective Solutions For ….

Today’s Problems

HOW THE ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS WORKS

Ba

Ba

Sr

SrCl

Cl

Cl

CARBON

CARBON

CARBON

RAW FRAC WATER WITH BARIUM, STRONTIUM AND CHLORIDES

THE FRACK WATER COMES IN CONTACT WITH THE LEWIS CARBON

THE BARIUM AND STRONTIUM ARE ADSORBED SEPARATELY ON THE

CARBON’S SURFACE

THE FRAC WATER IS UPGRADED WITH A “CLEAN” CHLORIDE STREAM


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

FEED WATER CHARACTERIZATION

ITEM RAW

VALUE

FEED

RANGES

TDS 306,000 - 138,000

pH 7.4 - 5.4

TOTAL IRON 109 - 93

TOTAL CHLORIDE 185,600 - 130,000

TOTAL BARIUM

TOTAL STRONTIUM

CALCIUM

3,479

5,420

23,000

- 1,360

- 3,600

- 18,800

TOC 136 - 52


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

RAW FRAC

WATER

ESP

EFFLUENT


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

HIGH PURITY BRINE PURIFICATION RAW FINAL %

Barium 12,100 3.4 99.97%Calcium 24,200 0 100.00%

Iron 36.2 0 100.00%

Magnesium 1,540 110 92.86%

Sodium 24,000 75,100 -212.92%

Strontium 12,900 4.8 99.96%

Total Dissolved Solids 259,000 245,000 5.41%

Bromide 1,030 1,150 -11.65%

Chloride 186,000 181,000 2.69%

Sulfate 0 0

Carbon Dioxide 8.9 0 100.00%

CLEAN BRINE TO

DISTILLATION / CRYSTALLIZER

SALABLE BY-PRODUCTS.

ENVIRO-SHALE PROCESS TEST RESULTS

ITEM RAW FEED ESP -

STAGE 1&2

DISTILLATE %

REMOVED

TDS (mg/l) 181,000 191,000 306 99.77%

pH 5.63 6.42 6.82

TOTAL IRON 143 <0.1 <0.1 99.93%

TOTAL CHLORIDE 78,000 71,900 95 99.87%

TOTAL BARIUM

TOTAL STRONTIUM

OIL & GREASE

95.3

108

77.0

1.04

0.94

<5

<0.1

<0.1

<5

99.89%

99.90%

99.70%

TOC 62.76 0.61 <0.1 99.84%


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

•THIS MEETS THE NEW HIIGH TDS

DISCHARGE LIIMITS


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

CAN WE DO BETTER?


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

HIGH PURITY BARIUM SULFATE


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

HIGH PURITY CALCIUM SULFATE

RECOVERING HIGH PURITY BARIUM, STRONTIUM AND CALCIUM IS MORE THAN

RECOVERED SALT VALUE


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

ECONOMICS OF BY-PRODUCT RECOVERYBASED ON PROCESING 210K GPD (5,000 BPD)

MONTHLY SALT & BY-PRODUCT REVENUES

ITEM UNIT $ TONS

SALT $45/ton $292,032 6,489 tons

BARIUM SULFATE $0.50/lb. $103,834 104 tons

STRONTIUM CARBONATE $0.50/lb. $155,750 156 tons

CALCIUM SULFATE $0.05/lb $131,000 1,310 tons

SALT ONLY - $292K; SALT W BY-PRODUCT - $682K

BY-PRODUCTS INCREASE REVENUES BY $390K!


LEWIS ENVIRONMENTAL

SUMMARY…

NEW INNOVATIONS IN ADVANCED

PROCESSING CAN POSITIVELY IMPACT

RECYCLING OPTIONS.

PROVIDE ALTERNATIVE TO DEEP WELL

INJECTION AND SUPPLY CLEAN WATER

REDUCE COST, INCREASE REVENUES

AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.

Process to Recycle Shale Gas Produced Water Utilizing By ... · 95.3 108 77.0 1.04 0.94

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Transcript of Process to Recycle Shale Gas Produced Water Utilizing By ... · 95.3 108 77.0 1.04 0.94