Process Selection Chapter 3, Part 2. MGMT 326 Foundations of Operations Introduction Strategy...
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Transcript of Process Selection Chapter 3, Part 2. MGMT 326 Foundations of Operations Introduction Strategy...
Process Selection
Chapter 3, Part 2
MGMT 326
Foundations
of Operatio
nsIntroductio
n
Strategy
QualityAssuran
ce
Capacity,Facilities,& WorkDesign
Planning& Control
Products &
Processes
ProductDesign
ProcessDesign
ManagingProjects
Process Selection
ProcessDesign Tools• Reengineering• Flowcharts
Intermittent
• Project• Batch
Process Types
Repetitive• Assembly line• Continuous
Impact of Process Type• Layout• Inventory policy
Intermittent Operations
Intermittent operations: processes used to produce a variety of products with different processing requirements at lower volumes Project processes: used to make one-of-a-
kind items to customer specifications Batch processes: used to make small
quantities of products in batches based on customer orders or specifications Also called job shops
Repetitive Operations
Repetitive operations: Processes used to make one product or a few standardized products in high volume Line process – also called an assembly line
or flow shop May have assemble-to-order options
Continuous process: operates continuously, produces a high volume of a fully standardized product
Some firms use more than one type of process
Underlying Process Relationship Between Volume and Standardization
High-volumeprocesses areusually morestandardizedthan low-volumeprocesses.
Process Choice and Layout
Intermittent operations usually use a process (department) layout: workers & equipment are grouped by function•Different products may take different paths through the production processRepetitive operations use a product layout: workers & equipment are grouped in the order in which they will be needed. The product passes from one work station to the next.
Process Choice and Layout
Process Layout
Project Process
Batch (job shop) Process
Mass production(line flow or flow shop)
Product
Continuous Product
Hybrid Layouts
A hybrid layout is a combination of a product layout and a process layout.
Example: In a grocery store, products are
displayed by department (process layout)
The checkout line has a product layout.
Process Choice and Inventory Policy
Process Choice and Inventory Policy (2)
Process Inventory Policy
Project Make-to-order
Batch (job shop) Make-to-order
Mass production(line flow or flow shop)
Make-to-stock ORAssemble-to-order
Continuous Make-to-stock
Process Design Tools
Process flow analysis is a tool used to analyze and document the sequence of steps within a total process. Usually first step in process reengineering.
Process reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of a process to bring about dramatic improvements in performance Cost Quality Time Flexibility
Process Design Tools (2)
Both operations processes and business processes can be re-engineered.
Re-engineer a process before you automate it or computerize it.
Process Flow in a Pizza Restaurant