Process of Packed Milk

8/3/2019 Process of Packed Milk

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PROCESS OF PACKED MILK

PROCESS OF PACKED MILK

Packed milk is a processed milk. We collect milk from the approved dairy farms and process itkeeping the highest standards. Many people doubt that packed milk is made of chemicals or its

proceeds synthetically but it is a quite misleading conception.MILK COLLECTION

The method adopted in collection of milk from dairies is, to only collect milk from the approvedsuppliers who are running their cattle farms in accordance with the prescribed standards. Thetemperature is maintained at 80C without adding ice. The chiller containers are especially cleanedbefore milk is stored in them. This milk is then transported to the factory.

FACTORY RECEPTION

As soon as milk reaches the factory reception the qualified chemists and microbiologists forconducting a series of tests once again test it. This enables us to mark the milk confirming it tobe international standards.

PROCESS

The milk is then pasteurized at 780C killing 98% germs / bacteria. The milk after pasteurizationis then standardized as prescribed by the Pakistan Pure Food Laws at 35% fats and 8.9% SNF(Solid Non-Fats). This process makes it a premium quality product.

STANDARDIZATION

Standardization is a process in which the excess fats and SNFs are removed from the milk inorder to achieve the standard of 3.5% Fat and 8.9% SNF as prescribed by the Pakistan.

HOMOGENIZATION

Homogenization is a process in which all the cream in the milk is mixed. In this process, milk ispassed through 200 Bars of pressure, which in turn breaks each cell to 0.5 microns, which is 200times smaller than its actual size.

By applying this enormous pressure the entire cream mixes in the milk. This process makesevery drop of Haleeb milk highly nutritional, energy giving and homogeneous to the other parts.That is why, on boiling Haleeb does not accumulate cream on its top like ordinary milk.

UHT

By means of this process, the milk passes through 140 C in 3 seconds and then cooled upimmediately to 20 C with in the next 5 seconds, which in turn kills all the bacteria. This is fatemost sophisticated and advanced process being adopted throughout the world. At dairies we usethe indirect method of HUT and milk is heated by steam passing through stainless steel pipes.All other brands in Pakistan use the direct method of heating by injecting steam in the milk.These ads water contents in milk, where as indirect heating in fact evaporates water from themilk. This is what makes Haleeb the thickest milk

SKIMS MILK

There are mainly two types of milk powders, full cream and skimmed. SKIMZ is a skimmedmilk powder. Full cream powder contains 28% fat, whereas SKIMS as compared to full creammilk powder.


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BENEFITS OF SKIMMED MILK

Researched all over the world have identified the following benefits of using low- fat milkpowder:

-Low cholesterol content helps prevent high blood pressure and various cardiac disorders.

-Low fat content helps you stay smart.-High calcium content prevents Osteoporosis (deterioration of bone mass) especially in womenafter menopause.

-High protein content helps strengthen and builds muscles.

-Low fat milk can reduce the risk of intestinal cancer.

-Low fat milk helps in reducing the Alzheimers disease.

HOW IS SKIMS PRODUCED?

Milk is collected from the best available sources. It is pasteurized to kill all pathogenic bacteria.All fat is removed from the milk and water is evaporated from it under vacuum. It is then spraydried. Spray drying increases the quality of solubility of milk powder, making it more instant.The product is then packed in aluminum foil to protect it from bacteria, heat and light, and topreserve its freshness and flavor.

Chapter # 3

MARKETING OF MILK

NESTLE MILK LTD.

INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY

Nestle Milk Pak Ltd. Was established in 1981. As a result of the joint venture between Nestle-S.A and Milk pack Limited. Besides the investment, this joint venture has helped Nestle MilkpakLtd to acquire the equipment, transfer of latest food technology .It has also invested vast

resources in people and developed a well-trained industries work force.Pakistan, at present, has a very narrow and segmented food industry.

There for it has tremendous untapped potential, that can be maximized by developing new foodconcepts. Nestle Milkpak Ltd. has aimed to do just that, and much of its activities are focused onintroducing new food products to the customer, rather than concentrating on gaining marketshare in existing categories.

MILK RELATED PRODUCT LINE OF NESTLE MILKPAK

Nido

Milkpak

Chocolates

Lactogen

Nes Cafe Select

Neslac

NESCAFE CLASSIC


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Ness Caf 3 in 1

Nescafe Frothe

Every day Tea Whitener

Cereal Wheat

Cerlac FruitCerlac Honey

Cerlac Banana

Cerlac Rice

Milo

Desi Ghee

Cream

Butter

Butter Skotch

CHAUDHRY FOODS LTD.

INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY

Chauhdry Foods Ltd. was established in1984 and started its production in 1987. It was setupwith the financial aid of PICIC

(Pakistan industrial Credit & investment Corporation) and ADBP (Agriculture DevelopmentBank of Pakistan). The company purchased the plant form Holland and installed it near BhaiPhero. The Head office of the company is situated at Ferozepur road Lahore. Over allmanagement of Choudhry Foods ( Pvt.) Ltd. is run by a Board of Directors. One of the directors

is chosen as the chairman of Board of Directors. At the main office management is totally underthe administration and supervision of the chief executive. Chaudhray Food Limited is the onlyfood company in Pakistan, which is certified by ISO, and has ISO 9002 certificate for Haleeb.

The company has several departments as;

Marketing department.

Finance department.

Production department

Quality increase department

Repair department

Engineering departmentMILK RELATED PRODUCT LINE OF CHAUDHRY DAIRIES LTD.

Haleeb milk

Nova Milk ( Low fats milk)

Skimming milk powder

Skims yogurt

Candia Skims


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Dairy Queen

Chapter # 04

CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION

In the business world, consumer is the most important figure. Health of well being the consumer

sets the future prosperity and performance of business. If the good are properly channeled andsold to consumer the activity of the production begins to cease.

Mainly the question lies who our customer is and where they are located? What they want? Andwhat price they are willing to pay for our product?

The question is how to reach them? This task involves the establishment of strategy coveringchannels of distributions and physical distribution of the product.

AVAILABLE CHANNELS FOR TETRA PACK MILK

LONG CHAIN

MEDIUM CHAIN


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Chapter # 05

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY

PROBLEM STATEMENT

To what extent, people are responding towering towards the packed milk? The superiority of

packed milk is in the areas of hygiene, convenience, taste, nourishment and affordable price.Price of packed milk is though higher, but it is economical in the sense that its quantity requiredto make a certain number of tea cups is half of that of fresh milk.

We have observed that in spite of these facts, most of the families prefer fresh milk. Why is thisso? Problem is to be defined and investigation is to be carried out that whether fresh milk isreally preferred over packed milk or not and what could be the possible reasons for it.

HYPOTHESIS:

Ho = Fresh milk is preferred over packed milk.

Hi = Packed milk is preferred over fresh milk.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The theoretical framework developed is as follow:

People prefer fresh milk, because of its easy availability, low price, free from germs and goodtaste.

Based on the observations, the most important variables in comparison of fresh and packed milkare quality, price, hygiene, taste and nourishment the variable of primary interest or thedependent variable is preference for the type of milk. The independent variables influencingare below:

Quality

Price

Hygiene

Taste

Nourishment

Income

The most influencing factor is the income of families. Most of families may strongly believe thatthe independent variables are in favor of a certain kind of milk, but they will surely prefer theone they can afford.

OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH

The objective of the research is:

To find out whether as to the consumers prefer fresh milk over packed milk or not and find outthe possible causes for it.

To find out whether as to the advertisement affects the preference of people regarding the packedmilk or not.


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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Tools of research use for the data collection will be personal interviewing and questionnaire andsecondary data as well.

QUESTION DESIGN

We question consists of the following itemsIn question design process, we have considered the factors given hereunder:

1) Relevancy and accuracy of the question was considered as the first important objective.

However, We have also tried my best that the wording of the question should be simple andeasily understandable

2) Our questionnaire required two types of information;

First, consumer behavior about the packed milk.

3) These questions were about knowledge of the residence and their monthly income. Afterdeciding what should be asked, We focused our attention on the following points:

-Question contents should be relevant and accurate.-Question wording should be easy.

-Question sequence should be logical.

-Question should be pure of complexity and ambiguity.

-Open ended question were asked.

-Personal question and question that are more interesting an easier to consumer.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES OF THE RESEARCH

What do we mean by sampling is the use of simple random technique of sampling. Whileselecting a book, We read some pages or lines or related topic of the research and selected the

Sampling Techniques.SAMPLING

The process of using a small number of items or parts of the whole population to makeconclusions about the whole population.

SAMPLES

A sample is a subset or some part of a large population.

In research 250 respondents were selected by me to represent the sample.

POPULATION

A complete group of entities shares some common set of characteristics. The population of our

research was the total population of Multan City.

SAMPLING UNIT

A single element or group of element subject to the selection in the sample in case of thisresearch-sampling unit was selected respondents.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES APPLIED

We select non probability sampling techniques, under which We applied quota sampling andprobability sampling by means of which We applied systematic sampling.


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QUOTA SAMPLING

A non-probability sampling procedure that insures certain characteristics of a population samplerepresent the exact extent that the investigator desires.

SYSTEMATIC SAMPLINGA sampling procedure in which an initial starting point is selected by a random process and thenevery number on the list is selected.

SAMPLING INTERVAL

Sampling interval is the number of population elements amongst the units selected for thesample. So, in order to represent the consumer behavior of all income classes, We have selectedsix areas of Multan City. The selected areas were equal representation i.e. from each of selectedareas, We have chosen the same number of respondents to be included in my sample.

The areas, which were selected by us for the purpose of the study, are under.

Gulgasht 50

New Multan 50

Mumtazabad 50

Nishter Road / Chungi No.1 50

Cantt: 50

Total:- 250

We interviewed the people at their home. We selected those people who were willing to answerthe question. We filled in the questionnaire and some questionnaires were distributed to thepeople and were collected after two or three days. We assured the respondents that their responsewould be kept confidential. As no previous research done by us, so in experience become a

problem to get the response from the people. But after some time, We gained confidence inmaking queries.

SAMPLE SIZE SELECTION

The selection of sample size proves to be the most difficult job while you are going to get theinformation from the people. We have taken sample size of 250. The reason behind this selectionis that in such type of informal studies that is enough number of samples to get the conclusion.

Chapter # 06

ANALYSIS & RESULTS

Q.No.1. What type of milk do you use?

Answer Analysis

Category Frequency Frequency in %

Packed 10 4%

Fresh 209 83.6%

Both 31 12.4%


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Interpretation:

The purpose of this question was to know that what are preferences in the use of Fresh milk.Table shows that 48 % respondents replied that they prefer Fresh milk due to the quality. 22.5 %preferred due to the price. 19.5 answered because of taste and 10.00% replied due to availability.

Q. No.3. Who much quantity of milk do you use daily?

Answer Analysis

Quantity Frequency ofRespondent

Frequency %

0 to 2 143 60 %

3 to 4 57 24%

5 to 6 20 8%

7 to 8 10 4%

9 to 10 7 3%

11 to 12 3 1%

240 100%


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Total:-

Interpretation:

This question is designed to know the quantity used of fresh milk daily in the home. The

minimum quantity was reply one kg and maximum quantity use daily is 12 kg. About 24 %respondents replied that the quantity of fresh milk use a day 3-4 Kg. 60 % people response 0-2kg quantity of fresh milk in a day. The remaining percentage out of 100 is used the fresh milkdaily 6-5, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12 and the percentage that is 8 % , 4 %, 3 % and 1% respectively.

Q.No. 4. Is the fresh Milk available on credit?

Answer Analysis

Category Frequency ofRespondents

Frequency in %

Yes 192 80%

No 48 20 %

Total:.

240 100.00

Interpretation:

The purpose of putting this question was that as to whether the fresh milk is available on credit.80 % respondents replied in positive, whereas 20% responded in negative.

Q. NO. 5 If yes, then for how many weeks?

Answer Analysis

Category Frequency of Respondents Frequency in %

2- weeks 30 16%

4-m weeks 162 84 %

Total: 192 100%


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Interpretation:

This question relates with previous question No. 4 that long fresh milk is purchased on credit. 84% respondent replied as four weeks. Only 16 % replied as two weeks. Mostly, the peoples makepayments of fresh milk after a month. Which shows a monthly based credit purchase of freshmilk.

Q. NO. 6 For which purpose the fresh milk is used?

Description of Use Frequency of Respondents Frequency in %

Drinking 174 72.5%

Tea 60 25%

Yogurt 6 2.5%

Total: 240 100.00

Interpretation

The purpose of asking this question was to know that for which purpose the fresh milk is used.

shows that 72.5% respondents replied the use of fresh milk for drinking. 25 % replied for tea andonly 2.5 % reply for yogurt.

Packed Milk:

Q. No. 7 Are the prices lof packed Milk affordable?

Answer Analysis


Yes 19 46%

No 22 54 %

Total:. 41 100%

Interpretation:


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The purpose of asking this question was to know that whether the prices of packed milk areaffordable. 54 % respondents replied that the prices of packed milk are not affordable. The freshmilk does not fulfill our needs. Hence, we purchase the packed milk. 46 % respondents repliedthat the prices of packed milk are affordable.

Q.No. 8 what do you think about the availability of packed milk?

Answer Analysis


Near the Residence 35 85%

Away the Residence 6 15%

Total:. 41 100%

Interpretation:

This question was asked to know whether packed milk is easily available, near the residence oraway from the residence. 85 % respondents replied that the packed milk is available near theresidence. Only 15 % respondents replied away from the residence.

Q. No. 9 what are the basis of your preference?

Answer Analysis

Preference Frequency of Respondents Frequency in %Price 3 7%

Quality 6 15%

Availability 10 24 %

Taste 22 54%


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Total:- 41 100.00

Interpretation:

The purpose of designing this question with a view to know that what are the basis preference touse the packed milk.

Table shows that 54% respondents replied that they prefer packed milk due to its taste. 7%preferred due to its price. 24% answered due to availability and 15% replied due to quality.

Q. No. 10 For which purpose the packed milk is used?

Answer Analysis

Description of Use Frequency of Respondents Frequency in %

Drinking 20 49%

Tea 21 51%

Sweets 00 00 %

Total:- 41 100.00


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Interpretation:

The purpose of asking this question was to know that for what purpose the packed milk is used.Table shows that 51% repondents replied that they use the packed milk for tea. And 49% fordrinking.

Q. No. 11 Which quantity of packed milk do you buy?Answer

Interpretation:

The purpose of this question was to know that which quantity of packed milk does a person buyonly 10 respondents replied that the minimum quantity of packed of packed milk Kg and themaximum quantity of packed milk 2 Kg, they buy.

Q. No. 12 How you started using packed milk as to whether due to advertisement?

Answer Analysis


Yes 18 44%

No 23 56%

Total:- 41 100.00

Interpretation:


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The purpose of this question was to know that what role the advertisement has played in theintroduction of packed milk. About 56 % respondents replied in negative. 44% people replied inpositive.

Q. No. l3 Which brand of packed milk do you prefer?

Answer Analysis


Haleeb 8 20%

Milk Pack 10 24%

Every Day 7 17 %

Daily Queen 16 41 %

Total:- 41 100.00

Interpretation:

This question was asked to know which brand of packed milk peoples prefer. About 20 % peopleanswered that in favor of brand Haleeb 24 % respondents answered in favor of Milk Packand only 17% respondents answered in the favor of brand every day or other packed milk. And41% Dairy Queen.

So, majority of the people prefer the brand of packed milk Dairy Queen.

Q. No. 14 Has any doctor recommended the use of packed milk for your infants?

Answer Analysis


Yes 3 7%

No 38 93%

Total:- 41 100.00

Interpretation:

This question was asked to know that which packed milk is used for the infants recommended bydoctor. 93 % respondents replied in negative.

So, the people believe on the mother feed for the infants.Q. No. 15 Which milk is more hygienic?

Answer Analysis


Packed Milk 100 40%


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Fresh Milk 150 60%

Total 250 100.00

Interpretation:

The purpose of asking this question was to know that what type of milk is more hygienic 60 %respondents replied in favor of the fresh milk. While 40% respondents replied in favor of packedmilk.

So, the fresh milk is considered to be more hygienic after boiling.

Q. No. 16 Which milk is good for Tea

Answer Analysis


Packed Milk 40 16%

Fresh Milk 210 84%

Total 250 100.00

Interpretation:


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The purpose of asking this question was to know that what type of milk is better for tea. 84 %respondents replied in favor of fresh milk for tea. 16 % respondents replied that the packed milkis better for tea.

So, the majority of people like fresh milk for tea as compared to the packed milk.

PERSONAL QUESTIONS

Q. No. 17 You education please?

Answer Analysis


Primary 25 10%

Middle 18 72%

Matriculate 90 36%

F.A 15 6%

Graduation 60 24%

Doctor/ Lawyer 22 8.8%

Master 20 8 %

Total 250 100.00

Interpretation:

This question was designed to know that our respondents are how much educated. 36 %respondents replied that they are Matriculates. 24% respondents replied that they are Graduates.6% respondents replied that they had complete their education up to F.A 8.8 people respondedthat they are professional like Doctor/ Lawyer whereas 8% and 7.2% the qualification of otherwere Primary, Master and Middle respectively.

So, Matriculation and Graduation are greater in number than other.

Q.No. 18 How many family members do you have?

Answer Analysis


1 to 2 31 12.4%

3 to 4 48 19.2%

5 to 6 68 27.2%

7 to 8 38 15.2%

9 to10 25 10%


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11 to 12 30 12%

131 to 14 10 4%

Total:- 250 100.00

Interpretation:

The purpose of asking lthis question was to know the knowledge of family members of therespondents. The response reveals that the respondents have minimum two family members andmaximum fourteen family members. 27.2% people reply that they have 5-6 members of theirfamily. 19.2 %, 12%, 15.2%, 10%, 12.4%, 12.4% and 4%, respondents replied that their familycomprise 3-4, 11-12,7-8, 9-10, 1-2 and 13-14 respectively.

So, most of family have 5-6 member as compared to others.

Q. NO. 19 Your family income please?

Answer Analysis


0001 to 5000 27 10.8%

5001 to 10000 48 56.4%

10001 to 15000 68 18%

15001 to 20000 38 102%

20001 to 25000 25 2.8%

Total 250 100.00

Interpretation:

The purpose of asking this question was to know that income level of the family of respondents.58 % people replied that their income falls Rs. 5001-10000 per month. 10.8 %, 18% and 2.8%respondents replied that their income is between Rs. 0001-5000,10001-15000,15001-20000 and2001-25000 per month respectively.

So, majority of the familys income lies in Rs. 5001-10000.

CONCLUSION

From the research conducted, it has been observed that.

1. There is no signification relation between the use of packed milk and fresh milk.

2. About 83.6% people use only fresh milk l whereas only 4% people use packed milk. The restof people use both packed and fresh milk. Therefore, the hypothesis stated earlier, i.e. fresh milkis preferred over packed milk, is accepted on the basis of results.

3. Also, the relationship of education with use of packed milk is not very strong. Its difficult todetermine how educated a family is? Moreover, the method used by us to calculate theeducational score is quite tricky, and it is difficult to fix parameter of educated family.


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4. All families are aware of the advertisement of packed milk. About 56% families, who dontuse packed milk at all, have awareness of advertisements of packed milk.

5. The influence on purchasing decision of the people after watching the advertisement is notmuch.

6. Usage pattern of the people does not seem to affect the purchasing decision in case of packed

milk. The following table summarizes the usage rate for people who use fresh milk alone, andpeople who use packed milk along with fresh milk.

Usage People using fresh milk alone People using packed milk alongwith fresh milk

0-2 Liters 60 % 100.00%

3-4-2 Liters 24 % 00

>4 Liters 16 % 00

Total:- 100.00% 100.00%

7. Those people, who purchase fresh milk, mostly purchase from doorstep Same is the case withthose people who use both fresh and packed milk.

8. In case of those people, who use fresh milk, they use 72.5 % for drinking and 25% for makingtea. As compare to people, who use packed milk just use 49% it for drinking, and 51% formaking tea. We have observe that basically it is the quality and the high cost, which makes thepacked milk undesirable for drinking. Whereas, it is more desirable for the purpose of makingtea.

9. While considering the importance of various factors, the following tables depicts etc. variousresults:

Table 1

Price Quality Availability Taste Total

Fresh 22.51% 48% 10% 19.5% 100%

Packed 7% 15% 24% 54% 100%

Table 2

Hygienic Nourishment

Fresh 60 % 72 %

Packed 40 % 28 %

Total 100.00 % 100.00%

Now it is easy to conclude from the table 1 that those people who use fresh milk, the major factorinfluencing their purchasing decisions are the quality and prices, which are the most important


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factors. As compare to the people, using packed milk, the major factors influencing theirpurchasing decisions are the taste and prices which are the most important factors.

Further it can be conclude form the table 2 that the fresh milk has more hygienic and nourishingfactors as compare to packed milk.

10. When we conducted research, we face a lot of problems which was, however, covered during

research as following:

i. Sampling should have been done in order to clearly identify the distinct areas in the city, whichare different from each other in buying decisions and habits, for example people form Cantt. Arequite different from people of new Multan. However, this aspect was covered tactfullypsychologically.

ii. The proper cluster of various income level made it difficulty to identify more clearly thebuying pattern of packed milk on people were reluctant to reply the questionnaire. However, onassurance of keeping their identify confidential they cooperative with us.

APPENDIX

Area:

QUESTIONNAIRE

We are the student of department of commerce B.Z.U Mutan.

We are conducting the research on MILK MARKETING-COMPARISON OF PACKED MILKVERSUS FRESH MILK IN MULTAN CITY (PUNJAB, PAKISTAN). We are need of yourcooperation in filling up of this questionnaire. Please extend your cooperation.

Q. No. 1 What type milk do you use?

o Packed Milk o Fresh Milk o Both

FRESH MILK

Q. No. 2. What are the basis of your preference? (Rank the following)

o Price

o Quality

o Availability

o Taste

o Any other

Q NO. 3 How much quantity of milk do you use daily?

Q No. 4 is the fresh milk available on credit?

o Yes o No

Q. No. 5 If yes, then for how many weeks?

o 2 Weeks o 4 Weeks

Q.No. 6 For which purpose the fresh milk is used? (Rank the following)

o Drinking

o Tea

o Any other


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Q. NO. 7 Are the prices of packed milk affordable?

o Yes o No

Q. No. 8 What do you think about the availability of packed milk?

o Near the residence o Away the Residence

Q. No. 9 What are the basis of your preference? (Rank the following)o Price

o Quality

o Availability

o Taste

o Any other

Q. No. 10 For which purpose the packed milk is used?(Rank the following)

o Drinking

o Tea

o any other

Q. No. 11 Which quantity of packed milk do you buy?

Q. No. 12. Have you started using packed milk as to whether due to advertisement?

o Yes o No

Q. No. 13 Which brand of packed milk do you prefer?

o Haleeb o Milk pack o Any other

Q. No. 14 Has any doctor recommended the use of packed milk for your infants?

o Yes o No

GENERAL QUESTIONS

Q. No. 15 Which milk is more hygienic?

o Packed milk o Fresh milk

Q. No. 16 Which milk is more nutritious?

o Packed milk o Fresh Milk

Q. No. 17 Which milk is good for tea?

o Packed milk o Fresh Milk

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Q. No. 18 Your education please?Q. No. 19 How many family members do you have?

Q. No. 20 Your family income please?

(THANKS)

BIBLIOGRAPHY


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1. Business Research Methods by W.G. Zikmund.

2. Business Research Method by Usuma Sckrama

SOURCE OF INFORMATION

1. Chaudhry Foods Limiteds Website, http://www.dl.com.pk

2. Regional Office Nestle Milk Pak Limited Chungi No. 1

Process of Packed Milk

Documents

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