PROCEEDINGS€¦ · proceedings of the royal society op london series a containing papers of a...

$: PROCEEDINGS€¦ · proceedings of the royal society op london series a containing papers of a mathematical and physical character. vol. xcvii. • \ lon do n: printed for the royal$

P R O C E E D I N G S

OF THE

ROYAL SOCIETY OP LONDON

S e r ie s A

CONTAINING PAPERS OF A MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTER.

VOL. XCVII.

• \

L O N D O N :

P rinted for THE ROYAL SOCIETY and Sold by

HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN’S LANE,PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY.

August, 1920.

C O N T E N T S .--------- O 0 * * C * > ------------

SERIES A. VOL. £CVII.

No. A 681.—March 1, 1920.

An Experimental Determination of the Critical Electron Velocities for the Production of Eadiation and Ionisation on Collision with Argon Atoms. By Frank Horton, Sc.D., Professor of Physics in the University of London, and Ann Catherine Davies, M.Sc., Royal Holloway College, Englefield Green. Communicated by C. T. R. Wilson, F.R.S. ................................................................

An Investigation of the Effects of Electron Collisions with Platinum and with Hydrogen, to ascertain whether the Production of Ionisation from Platinum is due to Occluded Hydrogen. By Frank Horton, Sc.D., Professor of Physics in the University of London, and Ann Catherine Davies, M.Sc., Royal Holloway College, Englefield Green. Communicated by C. T. R. Wilson, F.R.S.

Colloidal Electrolytes—Soap Solutions and their Constitution. By James W. McBain and C. S. Salmon, Chemical Department, University of Bristol. Communicated by Prof. Sydney Young, F.R.S..........................................................

Discussion on the Theory of Relativity ............................................. .............................

No. A 682.—April 1, 1920.

On the Viscosity of Sulphur. By C. Colei’idge Farr, D.Sc., F.P.S.L., Professor of Physics, and D. B. Macleod, M.A., B.Sc., Lecturer in Physics at Canterbury College, University of New Zealand. Communicated by Dr. C. Chree, F.R.S.

On Kaufmann’s Theory of the Impact of the Pianoforte Hammer. By C. V. Raman, M.A., Palit Professor of Physics, and Bhabonath Banerji, M.Sc., Assistant to the Palit Professor, University of Calcutta. Communicated by Dr. Gilbert T. Walker, C.S.I., Sc.D., F.R.S..................................'............................

Plane Strain : the Direct Determination of Stress. By S. D. Carothers,Assoc.M.Inst.C.E. Communicated by Prof. A. E. H. Love, F.R.S.......................

On Alternating Current Electrolysis. By S. Marsh, B.Sc., Ph.D., formerly Fellow of the University of Wales, Head of Department of Physics, Battersea Polytechnic, London. Communicated by E. H. Griffiths, Sc.D., F.R.S..............

Note on the Central Differential Equation in the Relativity Theory of Gravitation. By Prof. A. R. Forsyth, F.R.S., Imperial College, South Kensington ...............

No. A 683.—April 15, 1920.On the Refraction and Dispersion of Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, and

Methane. By Clive Cuthbertson, O.B.E., F.R.S., and Maude Cuthbertson.......The Capacity Coefficients of Spherical Conductors. By Alexander Russell, M.A.,

D.Sc., M.I.E.E. Communicated by Dr. C. Chree, F.R.S.......................................A 2

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The Lateral Vibrations of Sharply-pointed Bars. By J. W. Nicholson, F.R.S.,Professor of Mathematics in the University of London ....................................... 172

A New Method of Spectrophotometry in the Visible and Ultra-violet and the Absorption of Light by Silver Bromide. By R. E. Slade, D.Sc., F.I.C., and F. C. Toy, B.Sc. Communicated by Sir Herbert Jackson, F.R.S.......................... 181

Further Experiments on the Variation of Wave-length of the Oscillations Generated by an Ionic Valve due to Changes in Filament Current. By J. H. Vincent, M.A., D.Sc. Communicated by Prof. W. H. Bragg, F.R.S. ... 191

On a Theory of the Second Order Longitudinal Spherical Aberration for a Symmetrical Optical System. By T. Y. Baker, Instructor Commander, R .N ., and L. N. G. Filon, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., Goldsmid Professor of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics in the University of London. (Abstract) ........... 196

A New Apparatus for drawing Conic Curves. By A. F. Dufton, B.A., TrinityCollege, Cambridge. Communicated by Prof. C. V. Boys, F.R.S.......................... 199

No. A 684.—May 1, 1920.

The Pressure Distribution on the Head of a Shell Moving at High Velocities.By L. Bairstow, F.R.S., R. II. Fowler, and D. R. Hartree ................................... 202

An Experimental Determination of the Distribution of the Partial Correlation Coefficient in Samples of Thirty. By Captain J. W. Bispham, R.E. Communicated by Prof. C. J. Martin, F.R.S....................................................................... 218

The Relation between the Refractivity and Density of Carbon Dioxide. ByP. Phillips, D.Sc. Communicated by Prof. A. W. Porter, F.R.S.......................... 225

On the Viscosities and Compressibilities of Liquids at High Pressures. By J. H. Hyde, A.M.Inst.C.E., A.M.I.Mech.E. Communicated by Dr. J. E. Petavel, F.R.S................................................................................ .................................. 240

A Study of Catalytic Actions at Solid Surfaces.—III. The Hydrogenation of Acetaldehyde and the Dehydrogenation of Ethyl Alcohol in Presence of Finely-divided Metals. By E. F. Armstrong, D.Sc., F.I.C., and T. P. Hilditch,D. Sc., F.I.C. Communicated by Prof. H. E. Armstrong, F.R.S......................... 259

A Study of Catalytic Actions at Solid Surfaces.—IV. The Interaction of Carbon Monoxide and Steam as Conditioned by Iron Oxide and by Copper. ByE. F. Armstrong, D.Sc., F.I.C., and T. P. Hilditch, D.Sc., F.I.C. Communicated by Prof. H. E. Armstrong, F. R.S.............................................................. 265

No. A 685.—June 1, 1920.

The Theory of the Katharometer. By H. A. Daynes, M.Sc., University of Birmingham. (With an Introductory note by G. A. Shakespear.) Communicated by Prof. S. W. J. Smith, F.R.S................................................................. 273

The Process of Diffusion through a Rubber Membrane. By H. A. Daynes, M.Sc.Communicated by Prof. S. W. J. Smith, F.R.S......................................................... 286

On the Structure of the Balmer Series of Hydrogen Lines. By T. R. Merton,M.A., D.Sc. Communicated by Prof. A. Fowler, F.R.S......................................... 307

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D ia m a g n e t is m due to Free Electrons. By H. A. Wilson, F.B.S., Rice Institute,Houston, Texas, U.S.A........................................... ........................................................ 321

The Pressure upon the Poles of Metallic and Composite Arcs, including an Enquiry into the Reactions consequent upon Electron Emission. By W. G. Duffield,D.Sc., Professor of Physics, T. H. Burnham, B.Sc., and A. H. Davis, B.Sc., Post-Graduate Students in Physics, University College, Reading. Communicated by Prof. O. W. Richardson, F.R.S............................................................ 326

No. A 6 8 6 .-July 1, 1920.

Some Notes on Krypton and Xenon. By J. N. Collie, F.R.S...................................... 349

The Supply of Energy from and to Atmospheric Eddies. By Lewis F. Richardson.Communicated by Sir Napier Shaw, F.R.S........................................................... . 354

B a k e r ia n L e c t u r e : Nuclear Constitution of Atoms. By Sir E. Rutherford, F.R.S.,Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Cambridge........... 374

Symmetrisable Functions and their Expansion in Terms of Biorthogonal Functions.By J. Mercer, M.A., D.Sc., Fellow and Lecturer of Christ’s College, Cambridge. Communicated by Prof. E. W. Hobson, Sc.D., F.R.S............................................... 401

No. A 687.—August 3, 1920.

On the Conditions at the Boundary of a Fluid in Turbulent Motion. By T. E. Stanton, F.R.S., Miss Dorothy Marshall, B.Sc., and Mrs. C. N. Bryant.Communicated from the National Physical Laboratory ....................................... 413

A Re-examination of the Light scattered by Gases in respect of Polarisation.I.—Experiments on the Common Gases. By Lord Rayleigh, F.R.S., Professor of Physics, Imperial College of Science, South Kensington................................... 435

Note on the Influence of Temperature on the Rigidity of Metals. By A. Mallock,F.R.S.................... ........................................... ....................... ......................................... 450

*An Extension of the Balmer Series of Hydrogen and Spectroscopic Phenomena

of very long Vacuum Tubes. By R. W. Wood, For. Mem. R.S........................... 455

OBITUARY NOTICES OF FELLOWS DECEASED.

William Watson ...................................................................................................... jJames Emerson Reynolds.................................................. iiiA. G. Vernon Harcourt (with portrait)............................. viiEttrick William Creak .......................................................................................... xiCharles Edward Groves.......................................................................................... xvii

Tndex ............................................................................................................................. xix

MINUTES OF MEETINGS.—SESSION 1919-20. 4

November 6, 1919.Meeting for Discussion, being a Joint Meeting of the Royal and

Royal Astronomical Societies.

Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., Pres. R.S., in the Chair.The Discussion was opened by the reading of the following Paper“ A Determination of the Deflection of Light by the Sun’s Gravita

tional Field, from Observations made at the Total Eclipse of the Sun, 1919, May 29.” By Sir F. W. Dyson, F.R.S., A. S. Eddington, F.R.S., and C. Davidson.

November 13, 19.19.Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., President, in the Chair.

Mr. G. I. Taylor was admitted into the Society.In pursuance of the Statutes, notice of the ensuing Anniversary

Meeting was given from the Chair.The following Papers were read :—

I. “ The Genesis of QGdema in Beri-beri.” By Lieut.-Colonel R. MoCarrison. Communicated by Prof. J. G. Adami, F.R.S.

II. “ The Microscopical Features of Mechanical Strains in Timber and the bearing of these on the Structure of the Cell-Wall in Plants.” By W. Robinson. Communicated by Prof.

* W. H. Lang, F.R.S.III. “ The Effect of Nitrogen-fixing Organisms and Nucleic Acid

Derivatives on Plant Growth.” By W. B. -Bottomley. Communicated by Prof. F. W. Oliver, F.R.S.

IY. “ The Vegetative Morphology of Pistia and the, Lemnacese.” By Agnes Arber. Communicated by Prof. F. W. Oliver, F.R.S.

V. “ Effects of Exercise and Humid Heat upon Pulse Rate, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, and Blood Concentration.” By W. J. Young, A. Breinl, J. J. H arris, and W. A. Osborne. Communicated by Prof. J. N. Langley, F.R.S.

November 20, 1919.Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., President, in the Chair.

A Special General Meeting of the Society was held to receive the Annual Report of the Council.

4 November 20, 1919.Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., President, in the Chair.

In pursuance of the Statutes, notice of the ensuing Anniversary Meeting was given from the Chair, and the list of Officers and Council nominated for election was read as follows:—

President.—Sir Joseph John Thomson, O.M., M.A., D.Sc., LL.D.

Treasurer.-—Sir David Prain, C.M.G., C.I.E.

0 , . f William Bate Hardy, M.A.L James Hopwood Jeans, M.A.

Foreign Secretary.—Prof. William Abbott Herdman, D.Sc.

Other Members of the Council.—Joseph Barcroft, C.B.E.; Charles Vernon Boys; Sir James Johnston Dobbie, LL.D. ; Sir Frank Watson Dyson, M.A.; Prof. John Bretland Farmer, M.A.; Sir Walter Morley Fletcher, K.B.E.; Prof. Frederick William Gamble, D.Sc. ; Sir Richard Tetley Glazebrook, C.B., M.A.; Prof. John Walter Gregory, D.Sc.; Alfred Cort Haddon, Sc.D. ; Sir Robert Abbott Hadfield, Bart. ; Sir Alfred Bray Kempe, M.A.; Sir William Jackson Pope, K.B.E. ; Sidney Harris Cox Martin, M.D.; Prof. Arthur Schuster, Sc.D. ; Prof. William Palmer Wynne, D.Sc.

The following Papers were read:—I. “ A Linear Associative Algebra suitable for Electromagnetic

Relations and the Theory of Relativity.” By W. J. J ohnston. Communicated by Sir J oseph Larmor, M.P., F.R.S.

II. “ Note on Mr. W. J. Johnston’s Calculus for Generalized Relativity.” By Sir J oseph Larmor, M.P., F.R.S.

III. “ On the Variation with Frequency of the Conductivity andDielectric Constant of Dielectrics for High Frequency Oscillations.” By G. E. Bairsto. Communicated by Prof. J. A. Fleming, F.R.S.

IV. “ Equal Parallel Cylindrical Conductors in Electrical Problems.”By F. J. W. W hipple. Communicated by Dr. C. Chree.F. R.S.

V. “ The Scattering of X- and 7-rays by Rings of Electrons.—A Crucial Test of the Electron Ring Theory of Atoms.” ByG. A. Schott. Communicated by Sir J oseph Larmor, M.P., F.R.S.

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December 1, 1919.

Anniversary Meeting.

Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., President, in the Chair.The Report of the Auditors of the Treasurer’s accounts was read,

and the thanks of the Society were given to the Treasurer and to the Auditors.

The List of Fellows deceased and the List of Fellows elected into the Society since the last Anniversary were read.

The Report to the Society from the Council, upon the work during the past year, was, upon the motion of the President, received.

The President delivered his Anniversary Address. On the motion of Sir Philip Watts, seconded by Prof. D’Arcy Thompson, the thanks of the Society were voted to the President for his Address, and he was requested to allow it to be printed.

The Awards of the Medals for the year were announced as follows, and the Medals were presented from the Chair:—

The Copley Medal.............. To Prof. W. M. Bayliss.A Royal Medal ................. . ,, Prof. J. B. Farmer.A Royal Medal.................. „ Mr. J. H. Jeans.The Davy Medal .............. ,, Prof. P. F. Frankland.The Sylvester Medal.......... „ Major P. A. Mac Mahon.The Hughes Medal .......... „ Dr. C. Chree.

The President having, with the consent of the Society, nominated Major P. A. MacMahon and Sir A. Strahan as Scrutators to examine the balloting lists for the election of Council and Officers, the votes of the Fellows present were taken.

The Scrutators reported that the Council and Officers nominated at the preceding meeting had been duly elected.

The thanks of the Society were given to the Scrutators.

December 4, 1919.

Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., President, in the Chair.

The following Papers were read :—1. “ The Adsorption of Gases at Low and Moderate Concentrations.

Part I.—Deduction of the Theoretical Adsorption of Isostere and Isotherm.” “ Part II.—Experimental Verification of the Form of the Theoretical Isosteres * and Isotherms.” By A. M. Williams. Communicated by Prof. J. Walker, F.R.S.

iv

IX. “ The Adsorption of Gases at Low and Moderate Concentrations. Part III.—Experimental Verification of {he Constant in the Theoretical Adsorption Isostere.” By A. M. W illiams. Communicated by Prof. J. Walker, F.R.S.

III. “ On the Secondary Spectrum of Hydrogen.” By T. R. Merton.Communicated by Prof. A. F owler, F.R.S.

IV. “ On the Spectra of Isotopes.” By T. R. Merton. Communicated by Prof. A. F owler, F.R.S.

V. “ A Study of Catalytic Actions at Solid Surfaces.—Part II.”By E. F. Armstrong and T. P. H iid itch . Communicated by Prof. H. E. Armstrong. F.R.S.

VI. “ An Experimental Determination of the Critical Electron Velocities for the Production of Radiation and Ionization on Collision with Argon Atoms.” By F. H orton and Ann C. Davies. Communicated by C. T. R. W ilson, F.R.S.

December 11, 1919.

Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., President, in the Chair.The President announced that he had appointed the following

Vice-Presidents:—The Treasurer.Prof. J. B. Farmer.Sir R. Glazebrook.Prof. A. Schuster

The following Papers were read :—I. “ A Further Study of Chromosome Dimensions.” By C. F. U.

Meek. Communicated by Prof. S. J. H ickson, F.R.S.II. “ The Respiratory Exchange of Man during and after Muscular

Exercise.” By J. M. H. Campbell, C. G. Douglas, and F. G. Hobson. Communicated by Dr. J. S. Haldane, F.R.S.

III. “ The Energy Output of Dock Labourers during Heavy Work.”By A. D. Waller, F.R.S.

IV. “ Histological Examination of an Aduit Human Albino’s Eyeball,with a Note on Mesoblastic Pigmentation in Foetal Eyes.” By C. H. Usher. Communicated by Prof. Karl Pearson, F.R.S.

V. “ The Relation of Spermatozoa to certain Electrolytes._II.” ByJ. Gray. Communicated by Prof. J. S. Gardiner, F.R.S.

The Society adjourned over the Christmas Recess to Thursday, January 22, 1920.

January 22, 1920.Special General Meeting.

Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., President, in the Chair.H.R.H. the Prince of Wales (elected May 22, 1919) signed the

obligation in the Charter Book, and was admitted into the Society.Prof. W. H. Bragg, F.R.S., gave a discourse on Methods of Detecting

Submarines by Sound.

January 22, 1920.


In pursuance of the Statutes the names of Candidates for election into the Society were read as follows:—

Abell, Westcott Stile.Agar, Wilfred Eade.Anderson, Alexander.Annandale, Nelson.Appleyard, Rollo.Armstrong, Edward Erankland.Ashley, Sir William.Atkins, William Ringrose Gelston.Bacot, Arthur William.Balfour, Andrew.Beattie, James Martin.Berry, Arthur.Bond, Charles John.Borradaile, Lancelot Alexander.Bose, Sir Jagadis Chunder.Broom, Robert.Bryce, Thomas Hastie.Buckmaster, George Alfred.Burnside, William Snow.Bury, Henry.Caiman, William Thomas.Campbell, Albert.Cathcart, Edward Provan.7 # Chapman, Alfred Chaston.Chattock, Arthur Prince.Church, Arthur Henry.Cole, Frank Joseph.Davidson, Charles Rundle.Davison, Charles.Desch, Cecil H.Denny, Sir Archibald.

Douglas, Claude Gordon. Douglas, Stewart Rankin.* Dreyer, Georges.Eccles, William Henry.Ewart, Alfred James.Farmer, Robert Crosbie.Fawcett, Edward.Flack, Martin William.Francis, Francis Ernest.Gardner, John Addyman. Gemmill, James Fairlie. Greenwood, Major.Groom, Percy.Gunn, James Andrew.Harmer, Frederic William. Hartley, Harold.Henderson, James B.Herring, Percy Theodore.Hill, Arthur William.Hilton, Harold.Horrocks, William Heaton. Houston, Alexander Cruik shank. Hoyle, William Evans.Hume, William Frazer. Hutchinson, Arthur.Jackson, Louis Charles.Jeffrey, Edward Charles.Jones, Frederic Wood.Knott, Cargill Gilston.Lake, Philip.Lanchester, Frederick William.

VI

Lawson, Abercrombie Anstruther. Leathern, John Gaston. Ledingham, John Charles Grant. Leiper, Robert Thomson. Lindemann, Frederick Alexander. Locke, Frank Spiller.McCarrison, Robert.MacLeod, John J. Rickard.Mallik, Devendra Nath.Marshall, Francis Hugh Adam. Marshall, Guy Anstruther Knox. Maw, William Henry.Mawson, Sir Douglas.Mellor, Joseph William.Merton, Thomas Ralph. Middlemiss, Charles Stewart.Mill, Hugh Robert.Milner, Samuel Roslington. Milroy, Thomas Hugh.Moss, Charles Edward.Mummery, John Howard. Ogilvie-Grant, William Robert. Orton, Kennedy Joseph PrevitA Parsons, John Herbert.Parsons, Hon. Richard Clere. Patterson, Thomas Stewart. Perkins, Robert Cyril Layton. Philip, James Charles.

Plimmer, Robert Henry Aders. Plummer, Henry Crozier.Price, Thomas Slater.Procter, Henry Richardson.R&y, Sir Prafulla Chandra.Reed, Frederick Richard Cowper. Ridewood, Walter George. Ritchie, James.Robinson, Arthur.Robinson, Robert.Russell, Alexander.Schryver, Samuel Barnett.Shaw, Philip Egerton.Silberrad, Oswald.Skeats, Ernest Willington.Smith, Sir Frederick.Smith, Sir William Edward. Spearman, Charles.Spencer, Leonard James. Stephens, John William Watson. Thornton, William Mundell. Vernon, Horace Middleton. Vickers, Albert.Watson, David Meredith Seares. Whytlaw-Gray, Robert.Willcox, William Henry.Wilson, Ernest.Yarrow, Sir Alfred Fernandez.

The following Papers were read :—

I. “ The Stress-Strain Properties of Nitro-Cellulose and the Laws of its Optical Behaviour.” By E. G. Coker, F.R.S., and K. C. Chakko.

II. “ On Alternating Current Electrolysis.” By S. Marsh . Communicated by Prof. E. H. Griffiths, F.R.S.

III. “ The Variations of Wave-Length of the Oscillations Generatedby Three-Electrode Thermionic Tubes due to Changes in Filament Current, Plate Voltage, Grid Voltage, or Coupling.” By W. H. Eccles and J. H. Vincent. Communicated by Prof. W. H. Bragg, F.R.S.

IV. “ Plane Strain.—The Direct Determination of Stress.” ByS. D. Carothers. Communicated bv Prof. A. E. H. Love, F.R.S.

V. “ An Investigation of the Effects of Electron Collisions with Platinum and with Hydrogen, to ascertain ; whether the Production of Ionisation from Platinum is due to Occluded Hydrogen.” By F. H orton and A. C. Davies. Communicated by C. T. R. W ilson, F.R.S.

VI. “ The Pressure Distribution on the Head of a Shell Moving at High Velocities.” By L. Bairstow, F.R.S., R. H. Fowler, and D. R. H artree.

January 29, 1920.


The following Papers were read:—

I. “ The Genetics of ‘ Rogues ’ among Culinary Peas (Sativum).” By W. Bateson, F.R.S.

II. “ Studies of Synapsis.—I. Oogenesis in the Hymenoptera.”By L. T. Hogben. Communicated by Prof. E. W. MacBride. F.R.S.

III. “ On a Periodic Structure in many Insect Scales, and the Cause of their Iridescent Colours.” By H. Onslow.' Communicated by Prof. F. G. Hopkins, F.R.S.

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February 5, 1920.


Meeting for Discussion.Subject: The Theory of Relativity. Discussion opened by

Mr. J. H. J eans, Sec. R.S.

February 12, 1920.



I. “ Colloidal Electrolytes.—Soap Solutions and their Constitution.” By J. W. McBain and C. S. Salmon. Communicated by Prof. S. Young, F.K.S.

II. “ On the Viscosity of Sulphur.” By C. C. F arr and D. B. Macleod. Communicated by Dr. C. Chree, F.R.S.

III. “ On Kaufmann’s Theory of the Impact of the PianoforteHammer.” By C. V. Raman and B. Banerji. Communicated by Dr. C. T. Walker, C.S.I., F.R.S.

IV. “ On a Theory of the Second Order Longitudinal SphericalAberration for a Symmetrical Optical System.” By Commander T. Y. Baker, R.N., and Prof. L. N. G. F ilon, F.R.S

V. “ The Lateral Vibrations of Sharply Pointed Bars.” By Prof. J. W. N icholson, F.R.S.

VI. “ A New Method of Spectro-photometry in the Visible and Ultra-violet and the Absorption of Light by Silver Bromide.” By R. E. Slade and F. C. Toy. Communicated by Sir Herbert J ackson, K.B.E., F.R.S.

VII. A “ Note on Dr. Chree’s Discussion of Two Magnetic Storms.” By Dr. S. Chapman, F.R.S.

VIII. “ An Explanation of the Criticisms on Dr. Chapman’s recent Paper: ‘ An Outline of a Theorv of Magnetic Storms.’ ” ByDr. C. Chree, F.R.S.

iv

February19, 1920.


The following Papers were read :—

I. “ Studies of Photo-synthesis in Fresh-water Algae.-—-1. The Fixation of Both Carbon and Nitrogen from the Atmosphere to form Organic Tissue by the Green Plant Cell. 2. Nutrition and Growth produced by High Gaseous Dilutions of Simple Organic Compounds, such as Formaldehyde and Methylic Alcohol. 3. Nutrition and Growth by means of High Dilutions of Carbon Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen, without Access to Atmosphere.” By B. Moore, F.R.S., and T. A. W ebster.

II. “ The Properties of Colloidal Systems. IV.—Reversible Gelation in Living Protoplasm.” By W. M. Bayliss, F.R.S.

III. “ The Development of the Auditory Apparatus inpundatus”By F. J. Wyeth. Communicated by Prof.

A. Dendy, F.R.S. •


In pursuance of the Statutes the names of the Candidates recommended for election into the Society were read from the Chair as follows :—


I. “ Some Measurements of Atmospheric-Turbulence.” By L. F.R ichardson. Communicated by Sir Napier Shaw, F.R.S.

II. “ The Pressure upon the Poles of Metallic Arcs, including Alloysand Composite Arcs.” By W. G. Duffield, T. H. Burnham, and A. A. Davis. Communicated by Prof. 0. W. R ichardson, F.R.S.

February 26, 1920.

Armstrong, E. F. Bose, Sir J. C Broom, R.

Knott, C. G. Lindemann, F. A. Marshall, F. H. A. Merton, T. R. Perkins, R. C. L. Plummer, H. C. Robinson, R.

Cathcart, E. P. Chapman, A. C. Chattock, A. P. Hill, A. W.

Stephens, J. W. W.

X

III. “ On the Viscosities and Compressibilities of Liquids at HighPressure.” By J. H. Hyde. Communicated by Prof. J. E. Petavel, F.R.S.

IV. “ The Capacity Coefficients of Spherical Conductors.” By A.Russell. Communicated by Dr. C. Chree, F.R.S.

V. “ On the Refraction and Dispersion of Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, and Methane.” By C. Cuthbertson, F.R.S., and Maude Cuthbertson.

VI. “ The Phenomena of Rupture and Flow in Solids.” By A. A. Griffith . Communicated by G. I. Taylor, F.R.S.

xi

March 4, 1920.


The following Papers were read:—I. “ The Protoplasmic Factor in Photo-synthesis.” By Dr. F. F.

Blackman, F.R.S.

II. “ The Beginning of Photo-synthesis in the Green Leaf.” ByG. E. Briggs. Communicated by Dr. F. F. Blackman, F.R.S.

III. “ Sunlight and the Life of the Sea. (Studies of the Photosynthesis in Marine Algae: (1) Fixation of Carbon and Nitrogen from Inorganic Sources in Sea-water; (2) Increase of Alkalinity of Sea-water as a Result of Photo-synthesis and as a Measure of that Process ; (3) Relative Photo- synthetic Activity of Green, Brown, and Red Sea-weeds in Light of Varying Intensity).” By Dr. Benjamin Moore, F.R.S., E. Whitley, and T. A. W ebster.

March 11, 1920.

Sir J. *T. THOMSON, O.M., President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read: —I. “ The Pressure upon the Poles of Metallic Arcs, including

Alloys and Composite Arcs.” By W. G. DuffieLd, T. H. Burnham, and A. A. Davis. Communicated by Prof. 0. W. R ichardson, F.R.S.

II. “ Further Experiments on the Variation of Wave-Length of theOscillations Generated by an Ionic Valve due to Changes in Filament Current.” By J. H. Vincent. Communicated by Prof. W. H. Bragg, C.B.E., F.R.S.

HI. “ The Theory of the Katharometer.” By H. A. D aynes. Communicated by Prof. S. W. J. Smith, F.R.S.

IV. “ The Process of Diffusion through a Rubber Membrane.” By H A. Daynes. Communicated by Prof. S. W. J. Smith, F.R.S.

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March 18, 1920.


The following papers were read :—I. “ On a Form of Botrytis cinerea with Colourless Sclerotia.” By

W. B. BkiERLEY. Communicated by Dr. E. J. Russell, F.R.S.

II. “ A Preliminary Account of the Meiotic Phenomena in the Pollen Mother-cells and Tapetum of Lettuce ( ByR. R. Gates. Communicated by Prof. J. B. F armer, F.R.S.

March 25, 1920.Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., President, in the Chair.

The following papers were read:—I. “ Note on the Central Differential Equation in the Relativity

Theory of Gravitation.” By A. R. F orsyth, F.R.S.

II. “ The Frequency of Earthquakes in Italy in the Years 1896 to 1914.” By R. D. Oldham, F.R.S.

III. “ A New Apparatus for Drawing Conic Curves.” By A. F. Dufton. Communicated by Mr. C. Y. Boys, F.R.S.

IY. “ An Experimental Determination of the Distribution of the Partial Correlation Coefficient in Samples of Thirty.” By Capt. J. W. Bispham, R.E. Communicated by Dr. C. J. Martin, F.R.S.

The Society adjourned over the Easter Recess to Thursday, April 22.

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A pril 22, 1920.


The following Papers were read :—I. “ Researches op the Elastic Properties ind the Plastic Extension V _ of-Metals ” By Prof. W. E. Dalby, F.R.S.

II. “ Experiments on the Pressure Wave thrown out by Submarine Explosions.” By H. W. H illiar. Communicated by Prof. J. C. McLennan, F.R.S.

III. “ A Study of the Catalytic Action at Solid Surfaces. III.—TheHydrogenation of Acetaldehyde and the Dehydrogenation of Ethyl Alcohol in the Presence of Finely Divided Metals.” By E. F. Armstrong and T. P. H ilditch. Communicated by Prof. H. E. Armstrong, F.R.S.

IV. “ A Study of the Catalytic Action at Solid Surfaces. IV.—TheInteraction of Carbon Monoxide and Steam as Conditioned by Iron Oxide and by Copper.” By E. F. Armstrong and T. P. H ilditch. Communicated by Prof. H. E. Armstrong, F.R.S.

V. “ On the Structure of the Balmer Series of Hydrogen Lines.” By T. R. Merton, D.Sc. Communicated by Prof. A. F owler, F.R.S.

VI. “ Diamagnetism Due to Free Electrons.” By Prof. H. A. W ilson, F.R.S.

April 29, 1920.


The following Papers were read :—I. “ The Irish Eskers.” By Prof. J. W. Gregory, F.R.S;

II. “ The Life-History and Cytology of(Schilb.) Perc., the Cause in Wart Disease in Potato.” By Miss K. M. Curtis. Communicated by Prof. V. H. Blackman, F.R.S.

III. “ On the Structure and Affinities of Acmopyle Pilger.”By B. Sahni. Communicated by Prof. A. C. Seward, F.R.S.

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May 6, 1920.

Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., President, followed by Sir NAPIER SHAW, in the Chair.

The following Papers were read :—I. “ The Aerod3mamics of a Spinning Shell.” By R. H. F owler,

E. C. Gallop, C. N. H. Lock, and H. W. R ichmond, F.R.S.II. “ Researches on the Elastic Properties and the Plastic Extension

of Metals.” By Prof. W. E. Dalby, F.R.S.III. “ Investigations on Lightning Discharges and on the Electric

Field of Thunderstorms.” By C. T. R. W ilson, F.R.S.IV. “ The Supply of Energy to Atmospheric Eddies.” By L. F.

Richardson. Communicated by Sir Napier Shaw, F.R.S.


The Statutes relating to the Election of Fellows having been read, Prof. Vines and Prof. Fowler were, with the consent of the Society' nominated Scrutators, to assist the Secretaries in the examination of the balloting lists.

The votes of the Fellows present were collected, and the following candidates were declared duly elected into the Society

May13, 1920.

Annual Meeting for the Election of Fellows.

Armstrong, E. F. Bose, Sir J. C. Broom, R.

Knott, C. G. Lindemann, F. A. Marshall, F. H. A. Merton, T. R. Perkins, R. C. L. Plummer, H. C. Robinson, R.

Cathcart, E. P. Chapman, A. C. Chattock, A. P. Hill, A. W.

Stephens, J. W. W.

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May 13, 1920.


The following Papers were read:—I. “ Demonstration of the Apparent ‘ Growth ’ of Plants (and of

Inanimate Materials) and of their Apparent ‘ Contractility.’ ” By Dr. A. D. W aller, F.R.S.

II. “ On the ‘Renal Portal’ System (Renal Venous Meshwork) and Kidney Excretion in Vertebrata.” By W. N. F. Woodland. Communicated by Prof. A. Keith, F.R.S.

May 20, 1920.


Sir. J. C. Bose, Mr. A. C. Chapman, Mr. A. W. Hill, Dr. F. H. A. Marshall, Prof. T. R. Merton, Prof. H. C. Plummer, and Prof. J. W. W. Stephens, were admitted into the Society.

The following Papers were read :—I. “ Some Notes on Krypton and Xenon.” By Prof. J. N. Collie,

F.R.S.II. “ Experiments on Electron Emission from Hot Bodies.” By SlH

Ling Ting. With a Preface by Prof. 0. W. Richardson, F.R.S.

III. “ The Aspherical Nucleus Theory applied to the Balmer Series ofHydrogen.” By L. Silberstein. Communicated by Prof. J. W. Nicholson, F.R.S.

IV. “ On the Conditions at the Boundary of a Fluid in TurbulentMotion.” By T. E. Stanton, F.R.S., Miss D. Marshall, and Mrs. C. N. Bryant.

The Society adjourned over the Whitsun Recess to Thursday, June 3.

I

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June 3, 1920.


Dr. E. F. Armstrong, Prof. E. P. Cathcart, Dr. A. P. Chattoek, Prof. F. A. Lindemann, and Prof. R. Robinson, were admitted into the Society.

The Bakerian Lecture—“ The Nuclear Constitution of the Atom ’’—was delivered by Sir Ernest Rutherford, F.R.S.

June 10, 1920.


Dr. C. G. Knott and Mr. R. Perkins were admitted into the Society.The following Papers were read:—

I. “ The Thermo-elastic Properties of Muscle.” By A. Y. H ill, F.R.S., and W. Hartree.

II. “ The Absorption of Light by Elements in the State of Yapour : Selenium and Tellurium,” By Sir J ames Dobbie, F.R.S., and J. J. Fox.

III. “ The Absorption of Light by Elements in the State of Yapour : Mercury, Cadmium, Zinc, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony.” By Sir J ames Dobbie, F.R.S., and J. J. Fox.

IY. “ Monoclinic Double Selenates of the Copper Group.” By A. E. H. Tutton, F.R.S.

Y. “ Production and Transmission of an Environmental Effect in Sinwcephalus vetulus.”By H. G. Cannon. Communicated by Prof. E. W. McBride, F.R.S.

VI. “ The Enzymes of B. coli communis, which are concerned in the Decomposition of Glucose and Manitol. Part IV.—The Fermentation of Glucose in the Presence of Formic Acid.” By E. C. Grey. Communicated by Prof. F. G. Hopkins, F.R.S.

VII. “ Studies on Synapsis. II.—Parallel Conjugation and theProphase Complex in Periplaneta, with Special Reference to the Premeiotic Telophase.” By L. T. Hogben. Communicated by Prof. E. W. MacBride, F.R.S.

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'June 17, 1920.

Sir J. J. THOMSON, O.M., President, in the Chair.The Croonian Lecture—“ Genetic Segregation ”—was delivered

by Prof. W illiam Bateson, F.R.S.

June 24, 1920.


The following Papers w'ere read :—I. “ On-some Eostro-carinate Flint Implements and Allied Forms.”

By Sir Ray Lankester, K.C.B., F.R.S.II. “ A Re-examination of the Light Scattered by Gases in respect

of Polarisation. I.—Experiments on the Common Gases.” By Lord Rayleigh, F.R.S.

III. “ Note on the Influence of Temperature on the Rigidity of Metals.” By A. Mallock, F.R.S.

IY. “ A Study of Catalytic Actions at Solid Surfaces. Y.—The Rate of Change Conditioned by a Nickel Catalyst and its Bearing on the Law of Mass Action.” By E. F. Armstrong, F.R.S., and T. P. H ilditch, D.Sc.

Y .y‘ Tidal Friction in Shallow Seas.” By H. J effreys, D.Sc. Communicated by Sir Napier Shaw, F.R.S.

YI. “ Electrification of an Insulated Lens and Allied Problems treated by the Stream Function.” By Sir George Greenhill, F.R.S.

YII. “Simultaneous Values of Magnetic Declination at different British Stations.” By Charles Chree, F.R.S.

VIII. “ Arc Spectra in vacuo and Spark Spectra in Helium of various Elements.” By Prof. J. C. McLennan, F.R.S., J. F. T. Young, and H. J. C. Ireton.

IX ., “ Spark Spectra of various Elements in Helium in the extreme Ultra-Violet.” By Prof. J. C. McLennan, F.R.S., and A. C. Lewis.

X. “ Low Voltage Ionization Phenomena in Mercury Vapour.” By K. H. K ingdon. Communicated by Prof. J. C. McLennan, F.R.S.

XI. “ Symmetrisable Functions and their Expansion in Terms of Biorthogonal Functions.” By J. Mercer, D.Sc. Communicated by Prof. E. W. H obson, F.R.S.

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XII. “ Reduction of Error by Linear Compounding.” By W. F. Sheppard. Communicated by Prof. E. T. W hittaker,F. R.S.

XIII. “ Plane Stress and Plane Strain in Bipolar Co-ordinates.” ByG. B. J effrey. Communicated by Prof. L. N. G. F ilon, F.R.S.

XIV. “ The Tidal Motion in the Irish Sea: its Currents and itsEnergy.” By R. 0. Street. Communicated by Sir J oseph Larmor, F.R.S.

XY. “ The Catalytic Activity of Copper.—Part I.” By W. G. Palmer. Communicated by Sir W illiam P ope, F.R.S.

XVI. “ The Origin of the ‘ Cyanogen ’ Bands.” By S. Barratt. Communicated by Prof. T. R. Merton, F.R.S.

XVII. “ The Effects of Electron Collisions with Atmospheric Neon.” By F. Horton, Sc.D., and Ann C. Davies. Communicated by Mr. C. T. R. W ilson, F.R.S.

XVIII. “ On the Occurrence of Diatoms on the Skin of Whales.” By A. G. Bennett. With an Appendix by E. W. Nelson. Communicated by Sir Sidney Harmer, F.R.S.

XIX. “ An Extension of the Balmer Series of Hydrogen and Spectroscopic Phenomena of very Long Vacuum Tubes.” By R. W. Wood, For. Mem. R.S.

XX. “ Moving Striations in Neon and Helium.” By F. W. Aston, D.Sc., and T. Kikuchi. Communicated by Sir Ernest Rutherford, F.R.S.

The Society adjourned over the Long Vacation to Thursday, November 4.

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