Proceedings of the

ASME

Turbo Expo

2005

Volume 1A Ur n'r_ i. ^

AIRCRAFT ENGINE

CERAMICS

COAL, BIOMASS AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS

CONTROLS, DIAGNOSTICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

MICROTURBINES AND SMALLTURBOMACHINERY

presented at

The 2005 ASME Turbo ExpoJune 6-9, 2005

Reno-Tahoe, Nevada USA

sponsored byThe International Gas Turbine Institute

TIB/UB Hannover 89

127 596 445

Three Park Avenue New York, N.Y. 10016

CONTENTS

AIRCRAFT ENGINE

GT2005-68042 1

Affordable Smaller Turbofans

C. Rodgers

GT2005-68045 11

Aerodynamic Design of Exo-Skeletal Engine Fan Blades

Galib H. Abumeri, James F. Schmidt, and Christos C. Chamis

GT2005-68056 17

Influence of Inlet Shape on Twin Intake Duct Performance

K. Saha, S. N. Singh, and V. Seshadri

GT2005-68185 31

Modelling of Accessories Power Demand at Low Power Regimes

Anja Feja, Bemd Banzhaf, and Stephan Staudacher

GT2005-68200 39

Lost Thrust Methodology for Gas Turbine Engine Performance Analysis

B. Roth and J. de Luis

GT2005-68202 47

Implementation of Engine Loss Analysis Methods in the Numerical Propulsion SystemSimulation

Bryce A. Roth, Erin M. McClure, and Travis W. Danner

GT2005-68244 55

Thermodynamic Analysis of Turbofan EngineR. Yadav, Chandrakant B. Jugseniya, and Abhay A. Pashilkar

GT2005-68248 63

Aero-Thermodynamic Model for Digital Simulation of Turbofan Engine

R. Yadav, Yogesh Kapadi, and Abhay Pashilkar

GT2005-68283 71

Advanced Interactive Cost Analysis Tool (AICAT): An Environment for Evaluating

AffordabilityJerry W. Evans, Paul P. Mehta, and Arthur L Ludwig

GT2005-68309 77

Factory and Process Simulation in Aero-Engine Component ManufacturingBenedict Y. Franke, Stephan Staudacher, Stefan Spieler, and Dirk Gebser

GT2005-68379 85

An Evaluation of the Geometry and Weight of a Mixed Flow Low Bypass Ratio Turbofan

Engine With an Intermediate Turbine Burner

Chorng-Yow Chen, Mark H. Waters, and Dimitri Mavris

vii

GT2005-68418 95

Reduced Order Thrust Estimation for a Jet EngineMattias Henriksson and Tomas Gronstedt

GT2005-68457 103

A Partially Integrated Approach to Component Zooming Using ComputationalFluid Dynamics

Vassilios Pachidis, Pericles Pilidis, Geoffrey Guindeuil, Anestis Kalfas, and

loannis Templalexis

GT2005-68480 113

A Numerical Capability to Analyze the Effects of Water Ingestion on Compression SystemPerformance and Operability

Alan Hale, Jason Klepper, and Wayne Hurwitz

GT2005-68485 127

High Performance Condition Monitoring of Aircraft EnginesJames P. Herzog, Jason Hanlin, Stephan W. Wegerich, and Alan D. Wilks

GT2005-68526 137

3D Simulation of a Convergent-Divergent Aero Engine Intake, Using Two Different

CFD Methods

loannis Templalexis, Pericles Pilidis, Geoffrey Guindeuil, Theodoros Lekas, andVassilios Pachidis

GT2005-68536 145

How to Create a Performance Model of a Gas Turbine From a Limited Amount

of Information

Joachim Kurzke

GT2005-68597 155

Experimental and CFD Study of Exhaust Ejectors With Bent Mixing Tubes

Asim Maqsood and A. M Birk

GT2005-68654 167

Experimental Study of an Exhaust Ejector With Entraining Diffuser

QiChen and A. M. Birk

GT2005-68657 175

Computational Comparison of an Air-Air Ejector System Utilizing a Primary S-Bend

Transition Duct Employing the Realizable K-e Turbulence Model

J, C. Mateer, A. M. Birk, and D. Poitier

GT2005-68678 185

Development of Gas Turbine Performance Models Using a Generic Simulation Tool

A. Alexhu and K. Mathioudakis

GT2005-68743 195

Adaptive Machining of Gas Turbine ComponentsPaul Walton

viii

GT2005-68904 201

Influence of Flow Characteristics on the Discharge Coefficient of a Multiperforated Wall

Jean-Louis Champion, Pasquale Di Martino, and Xavier Coron

GT2005-69021 213

Preliminary Multidisciplinary Design Optimization System: A Software Solution for EariyGas Turbine Conception

Pascal Prado, Yulia Panchenko, Jean-Yves Trepanier, and Christophe Tribes

GT2005-69072 221

Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines' Technical Condition Identification SystemP. S. Abdullayev, A. M. Pashayev, D. D. Askerov, and R. A. Sadiqov

CERAMICS

GT2005-68141 231

The Potential of Electronic High Temperature Devices Based Upon Polymer Derived

Ceramics

Weixing Xu, Jayanta Kapat, Louis Chow, Linan An, and Wenge Zhang

GT2005-68172 237

Polymer Derived SiAICN for Environmental Barrier Coatings

Yiguang Wang and Linan An

GT2005-68182 241

Impact Fracture Behavior of Turbine-Grade Silicon Nitride Ceramic Under Tensile Stress

at Elevated TemperaturesHiro Yoshida, Munawar Chaudhri, Takero Fukudome, and Sazo Tsuruzono

GT2005-68229 247

Ceramic Matrix Composite Turbine Vanes for Gas Turbine EnginesVenkata Vedula, Jun Shi, David Jarmon, Stuart Ochs, Lola Oni, Thomas Lawton,

Kevin Green, Lisa Prill, Jeffery Schaff, Gary Linsey, and Gary Zadrozny

GT2005-68241 253

Advanced Environmental Barrier Coatings for SiC/SiC CompositesTania Bhatia, Harry Eaton, Ellen Sun, Thomas Lawton, and Venkata Vedula

GT2005-68252 259

Health Monitoring and Life Prediction of Thermal Barrier Coatings Using a

Laser-Based Method

Robert J. Visher, Luis Gast, William A. Ellingson, and Albert Feuerstein

GT2005-68272 267

Improved Quality Assessment for Turbine Engine Components With Potential

Applications to Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Materials

D. W. Akers and C. A. Rideout

GT2005-68398 275

Development of Near-Net Shape Casting Technology for MGC ComponentsYoshiharu Waku, Narihito Nakagawa, Keiji Kobayashi, and Shinya Yokoi

ix

GT2005-68420 2«3

Ceramic Matrix Composite Combustor Liners: A Summary of Field Evaluations

Mark van Roode, Jeff Price, Josh Kimmel, Naren Miriyala, Don Leroux,

Anthony Fahme, and Kenneth Smith

GT2005-68428 293

Post Engine Test Characterization and Flight Test Experience of Self-Sealing Ceramic

Matrix Composites for Nozzle Seals in Gas Turbine Engines£. Bouillon, G. Ojard, Z. Ouyang, L Zawada, G. Habarou, C. Louchet, D. Feindel,

P. Spriet, C. Logan, T. Arnold, K. Rogers, and D. Stetson

GT2005-68472 301

A CMC Handbook With a Focus on Design, Testing and Data: MIL Handbook 17 Vol 5

Stephen T. Gonczy

GT2005-68491 307

Tailored Rheological Behavior of Mullite and BSAS Suspensions Using a Cationic

PolyelectrolyteGlen H. Kirby, Kevin M. Cooley, and Beth L. Armstrong

GT2005-68496 315

Development and Evaluation of Hybrid Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix CompositeCombustor Liners

Andy Szweda, Steve Butner, John Ruffoni, Carlos Bacalski, Jay Lane, Jay Morrison,Gary Merrill, Mark van Roode, Anthony Fahme, Naren Miriyala, and Don Leroux

GT2005-68648 323

Experimental and Numerical Research on Application of MGC Material for HighTemperature Turbine Nozzles

Shu Fujimoto and Yoji Okita

GT2005-686S8 333

High Temperature Stability of MGCs Gas Turbine Components in Combustion Gas FlowEnvironments

Narihito Nakagawa, Hideki Ohtsubo, Kohji Shibata, Atshyuki Mitani,Kazutoshi Shimizu, and Yoshiharu Waku

GT2005-68866 339Effect of Projectile Materials on Foreign Object Damage of a Gas-Turbine GradeSilicon Nitride

Sung R, Choi, Zsolt Racz, Ramakrishna T. Bhatt, David N. Brewer, andJohn P. Gyekenyesi

GT2005-68961 351The Evaluation of CFCC Liners After Field Testing in a Gas Turbine — V

Josh Kimmel, Jeffrey Price, Karren More, Peter Tortorelli, Tania Bhatia, andGary Linsey

GT2005-69064 363Use of Very High Water-Vapor Pressures to Evaluate Candidate Compositions forEnvironmental Barrier Coatings

Peter F. Tortorelli and Karren L More

x

GT2005-69065 369

The High-Temperature Stability of an Oxide/Oxide Composite at High Water-VaporPressure

Karren L More, Edgar Lara-Curzio, Peter F. Tortorelli, Trade M. Brummett, and

Andy Szweda

GT2005-69121 375

Evolution of Photostimulated Luminescence During Thermal Cycling of Electron Beam

Physical Vapor Deposited Thermal Barrier CoatingsB. Jayaraj, B. Franke, S. Laxman, D, Miranda, J. Liu, J. W. Byeon, and Y. H. Sohn

COAL, BIOMASS AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS

GT2005-68287 381

Reduced Reaction Mechanisms for Methane and Syngas Combustion in Gas Turbines

N. Slavinskaya, M. Braun-Unkhoff, and P. Frank

GT2005-68294 389

Assessment of Technologies for Biomass Conversion to Electricity at the Wild

Land-Urban Interface

Alex Green and Jie Feng

GT2005-68350 401

Study on Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics

Xiaodong Zhang, Min Xu, Rongfeng Sun, and Li Sun

GT2005-68440 407

Measurements Inside a Bluff-Body Stabilized Gas Turbine Combustor for Application of

Pressurized Biomass Derived Low Calorific Value Fuel Gas and Comparison of the Results

Marco Van der Wei, Wiebren de Jong, and Hartmut Spliethoff

GT2005-68479 411

High Pressure Turbine Deposition in Land Based Gas Turbines From Various SynfuelsJeffrey P. Bons, Jared Crosby, James E. Wammack, Brook /. Bentley, and

Thomas H. Fletcher

GT2005-68488 421

Test Results of the OGT2500 Gas Turbine Engine Running on Alternative Fuels: Biooil,

Ethanol, Biodiesel and Crude Oil

Vladimir Lupandin, Ra Thamburaj, and Alexander Nikolayev

GT2005-68B72 427

Carbon-Free Hydrogen and Electricity From Coal: Options for Syngas Cooling in SystemsUsing a Hydrogen Separation Membrane Reactor

Luca De Lorenzo, Thomas G. Kreutz, Paolo Chiesa, and Robert H. Williams

GT2005-68925 439

Hot Gas Filtration Meeting Turbine Requirements for Particulate Matter

Ben Gardner, Xiaofeng Guan, Ruth Ann Martin, and Jack Spain

xi

GT2005-69032 453

Gas Turbine Fed by Gas Produced From Biomass PyrolysisAndrea Moriconi, Catia Quirini, Daniele Moriconi, and Erica Moniconi

GT2005-69040 463

Should Biomass Be Used for Power Generation or Hydrogen Production?

Alessandro Corradetti and Umberto Desideri

CONTROLS, DIAGNOSTICS AND INSTRUMENTATION

GT2005-68013 473

On-Line Transient Engine Diagnostics in a Kalman Filtering FrameworkS. Borguet, P. Dewallef, and O. Leonard

GT2005-68039 483

Data Normalization for Engine Health MonitoringRobert J. Bronson, Hans R. DePold, Ravi Rajamani, Somnath Deb, William H. Morrison

and Krishna R. Pattipati

GT2005-68124 489

Turbofan Engine Robust H-lnfinity Dynamical Output Feedback Control Design Based on

LMI Method

Xi Wang, Daoliang Tan, and Tiejun Zheng

GT2005-68137 497

Gas Path Analysis Study for Overhaul EnginesOscar Cordoba

GT2005-68138 507

Measurement of the Inlet Gas Temperature of a Gas Turbine

Christof Lechner and Mirko R. Bothien

GT2005-68167 517

Design of State Space Controllers for Industrial Two Shaft Gas TurbinesMarkus Beukenberg, Michael Brodmann, Hans Weibel, and Detlef Muller

GT2005-68169 525

Use of Hybrid Engine Modeling for On-Board Module Performance TrackingAllan J. Volponi

GT2005-68192 535

Rough Set and Neural Network Based Fault Diagnosis for Aeroengine Gas PathTian Chen and Jian-Guo Sun

GT2005-68201 541Probabilistic Matching of Turbofan Engine Performance Models to Test Data

Bryce A. Roth, David L Doel, and Jeffrey J. Cissell

xii

GT2005-68233 549

Suppression of Combustion Noise and Combustion Oscillation by Thermo-Acoustic

Active Control Using Secondary Flame

Masaru Ikame, Takeyuki Kishi, Kazuyoshi Harumi, Katsuhide Hiraoka, Hideyuki Oka,

Hiroyuki Sato, A. Koichi Hayashi, Chiaki Nishidome, Itsuro Kajiwara, and

Satoru Ogawa

GT2005-68300 561

Integrated In-Flight Fault Detection and Accommodation: A Model-Based StudyRandal T. Rausch, Kai F. Goebel, Neil H. Eklund, and Brent J. BruneiI

GT2005-68318 571

Jet Engine Component and Transducer Fault Diagnosis Using an Inverse Dynamic Model

M. Lichtsinder and Y. Levy

GT2005-68381 583

Uncertainty Analysis of a Polytropic Compression Process and Application to CentrifugalCompressor Performance Testing

Jose L. Gilarranz

GT2005-68395 .601

Power Management and Controls of a Propulsion System for a Lighter Than Air

High Altitude Platform

Michael Kotulla and Stephan Staudacher

GT2005-68429 609

The Implementation of the Data Validation Process in a Gas Turbine Performance

Monitoring SystemPen-Chung Chen and Helmer Andersen

GT2005-68494 617

Application of a Constant Gain Extended Kalman Filter for In-Flight Estimation of Aircraft

Engine Performance Parameters

Takahisa Kobayashi, Donald L. Simon, and Jonathan S. Litt

GT2005-68511 629

Diagnostics of a Small Jet Engine-Neural Networks ApproachM. Ghoreyshi, P. Pilidis, and K. W. Ramsden

GT2005-68521 639A Conceptual Design of a Polymer-Derived Ceramic Hot-Wire Anemometer for

Gas Turbine Environment

N. R Nagaiah, V. Krishnan, J. S. Kapat, and L An

GT2005-68587 647

Automated Contingency and Life Management for Integrated Power and PropulsionSystems

Pattada Kallappa and Haftay Hailu

GT2005-68612 665

Detection of Lean Blowout and Combustion Dynamics Using Flame Ionization

B. T. Chorpening, D. L Straub, E, D. Huckaby, and K. J. Benson

xiii

GT2005-68617 673

Generation of Physically Based Analysis Factors to Improve Synthesis Models of

Jet EnginesXavier Canalias, Frank Koopf, and Peter Sahm

GT2005-68625 683

Recent Advancements in Aircraft Engine Health Management (EHM) Technologies and

Recommendations for the Next StepLink C. Jaw

GT2005-68710 697

Remote Monitoring and Diagnostic for Combined-Cycle Power Plants

Dirk Therkorn

GT2005-68717 705

Least Squares Based Transient Nonlinear Gas Path AnalysisTomas Gronstedt

GT2005-68733 715

Experimental Characterization of a Remoting System for Dynamic Pressure Sensors

Giovanni Ferrara, Lorenzo Ferrari, and Gabriele Sonni

GT2005-68739 723

Implementation of Stochastic Methods for Industrial Gas Turbine Fault Diagnosis

C. Romesis and K. Mathioudakis

GT2005-68772 731

Inverse Model Control of a Three Spool Gas Turbine EngineShahid Mahmood, Ian A. Griffin, Peter J. Fleming, and Arthur J. Shutler

GT2005-68802 737

Gas Turbine Fault Detection and Diagnosis Using Nonlinear Feature Extraction Methods

Joydeb Mukherjee, Venkataramana B. Kini, Sunil Menon, and Lalitha Eswara

GT2005-68808 745

An Optimal Orthogonal Decomposition Method for Kalman Filter-Based Turbofan

Engine Thrust Estimation

Jonathan S. Litt

GT2005-68810 757

On-Board Characterization of Engine Dynamics for Health Monitoring and Control

Onder Uluyol, Kyusung Kim, and Charles Ball

GT2005-68875 763

Catalytic Detection of Fuel Leaks in Gas Turbines Units: Gaseous and Volatile

Hydrocarbon Based Fuels

Michel M. Mollere, Philippe Cozzarin, Sebastien Bouchet, and Philippe Rech

GT2005-68897 773

Model-Based Control of Combustion Instabilities

Aimee S. Morgans and Ann P. Dowling

Xiv

GT2005-68994 785

Enhancing Flow Field Measurements Through Adaptive Multi-Dimensional

Data SamplingArnoud R. C. Franken and Paul C. Ivey

GT2005-69000 793

Effects of Transducer Installation on Unsteady Pressure Measurements on

Oscillating Blades

J. Lepicovsky

GT2005-69020 805

Characteristics and Control of an Unstable Liquid-Fueled Multi-Swirling Combustor

Tongxun Yi, Ephraim J. Gutmark, and Michael Cornwell

GT2005-69058 813

Optical Diagnostics for Characterization of a Full-Size Fighter-Jet Afterburner

H. Seyfried, G. Sarner, A. Omrane, M. Richter, H. Schmidt, and M. Alden

MICROTURBINES AND SMALL TURBOMACHINERY

GT2005-68016 821

Prototype Development of a Novel Radial Flow Gas Turbine

Klaus Brun, Robert J. McKee, Jeff Moore, Ryan S. Gernentz, Justin R. Hollingsworth,and Anthony J. Smalley

GT2005-68059 829Thermomechanical Analysis of a Turbocharger Based on Conjugate Heat TransferTom Heuer, Bertold Engels, and Patrik Wollscheid

GT2005-68110 837

Results From the Research on Microturbine-CHP-Applications in Flanders

Johan Liekens, Johan Van Bael, Johan Desmedt, Nico Robeyn, and Peter Jannis

GT2005-68168 847Numerical Design and Study of a MEMS-Based Micro Turbine

Tatsuo Onishi, Stephane Burguburu, Olivier Dessornes, and Yves Ribaud

GT2005-68203 857Insertion of Shock Wave Compression Technology Into Micro Turbines for Increased

Efficiency and Reduced Costs

Robert Steele, Peter Baldwin, and James Kesseli

GT2005-68230 863

Numerical Study of Heat and Aerodynamic Processes in Regenerators of anInert Gas Generator (IGG)

SooYong Kim, Valeri P. Kovalevski, and V. Goldenberg

GT2005-68276 873

Aerothermodynamic Design and Numerical Simulation of Radial Inflow Turbine Impellerfor a 100kW Microturbine

Zhenping Feng, Qinghua Deng, and Jun Li

XV

GT200S-68302 881

Strength Design and Numerical Analysis of Radial Inflow Turbine Impeller for a

100kW Microturbine

YonghuiXie, Qinghua Deng, DiZhang, andZhenping Feng

GT2005-68313 889

Performance of Oxidation and Creep Resistant Alloys for Primary Surface Recuperators

for the Mercury 50 Gas Turbine

James M. Rakowski, Charles P. Stinner, David S. Bergstrp, Mark Lipschutz, and

J. Preston Montague

GT2005-68314 905

Airblast Swirl Atomizer for Small Jet EnginesV. Levy, V. Sherbaum, D. Levine, and V. Ovcharenko

GT2005-68377 913

Microturbine Performance Improvement Through the Implementation of Inlet Air CoolingToussaint Williamson, Mike Luker, and R. L Hack

GT2005-68404 919

Demonstration of a Turbojet Engine Using an Air Foil BearingHooshang Heshmat, James F. Walton II, and Miachael J. Tomaszewski

GT2005-68495 927

The Effect of Water Vapor on Cr Depletion in Advanced Recuperator AlloysBruce A. Pint

GT2005-68613 935

Clad Metal Strips and Foils Engineered for High-Temperature Performance

L. Chen and P. J. Maziasz

GT2005-68630 945

Evaluation and Characterization of Iron- and Nickel-Based Alloys for Microturbine

Recuperators

Edgar Lara-Curzio, R. Trejo, K. L. More, P. J. Maziasz, and B. A, Pint

GT2005-68644 963

Ceramic Recuperator and Turbine The Key to Achieving a 40 Percent Efficient

Microturbine

Colin F. McDonald and Colin Rodgers

GT2005-68711 973

Micro Gas Turbine With Ceramic Nozzle and Rotor

Takayuki Matsunuma, Hiro Yoshida, Norihiko Iki, Takumi Ebara, Satoshi Sodeoka,Takahiro Inoue, and Masato Suzuki

GT2005-68715 981

Component Integration and Loss Sources in 3-5 kW Gas Turbines

M. A. Monroe, A. H, Epstein, H. Kumakura, and K. Isomura

xvi

GT2005-68745 989

Design Considerations for Compact Ceramic Off-Set Strip Fin High TemperatureHeat Exchangers

Sundaresan Subramanian, Roald Akberov, Clayton De Losier, Yitung Chen,

Anthony E. Hechanova, and Per Peterson

GT2005-68747 997

Use of Inlet Guide Vanes for a Miniature Centrifugal CompressorXiaoyi Li, Lei Zhou, Jay Kapat, and Louis C. Chow

GT2005-68781 1005

Engine Testing of an Advanced Alloy for Microturbine Primary Surface RecuperatorsWendy J. Matthews, Terry Bartel, Dwaine L. Klarstrom, and Larry R. Walker

GT2005-68927 1011

Overview of Creep Strength and Oxidation of Heat-Resistant Alloy Sheets and Foils for

Compact Heat-ExchangersPhilip J. Maziasz, John P. Shingledecker, Bruce A. Pint, Neal D. Evans,

Yukinori Yamamoto, Karren More, and Edgar Lara-Curzio

GT2005-69007 1023

Carbon Foam: New Generation of Enhanced Surface Compact Recuperators for

Gas Turbines

Q. Yu, B. E. Thompson, and A. G. Straatman

GT2005-69143 1029

Design and Development of a Low-Cost, High Temperature Silicon Carbide

Micro-Channel RecuperatorMerrill A. Wilson, Kurtis P. Recknagle, and Kriston Brooks

Author Index 1035

xvii