PROCEEDINGSEditor: Tooru Tsuru

November 18-22,2007

Osaka, Japan

7th International Conference on Zinc and Zinc Alloy Coated Steel Sheet

GALVATECH'07

TIB/UB Hannover 89

131 472 801

organized by The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan

co-organized by Osaka University

CONTENTS

Plenary Lecture 1

RECENT PROGRESS AND OUTLOOK FOR ZINC-AND ZINC ALLOY-COATED

STEEL SHEETS IN JAPAN 1

Hiroshi KagechikaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan

Plenary Lecture 2

ANOVERVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN ZINC-BASED SHEET STEEL

COATINGS PRODUCTION: STATUS AND OPPORTUNITIES 6

Frank E. Goodwin1, Eduardo A. Silva2

'international Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc., USA, 2United States Steel

Corporation, USA

Plenary Lecture 3

CONTINUOUS GALVANIZING IN EUROPE: YESTERDAY-TODAY -

TOMORROW 14

Josef Faderl

voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Austria

A-1 New Coating Lines and Technologies

A-l-l KeynoteRECENT PROGRESS IN THE PROCESS TECHNOLOGY OF CONTINUOUS

GALVANIZING LINES 23

C. Dulcy'.F. Galdon2'Arcelor Research, France, 2ArcelorMittal Flat Carbon Europe, Downstream Technical

Excellence, France

A-l-2 ENGINEERING FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES OF ARCELORMITTAL

CLEVELAND HOT DIP GALVANIZING LINE (HDGL) 29

Stavros Fountoulakis1, Corbitt Lewis21ArcelorMittal USA R&D Center, USA,2ArcelorMittal USA ClevelandInc., USA

A-l-3 LATEST DEVELOPMENTS SERVING 55% AL-ZN COATING PROCESS

INCORPORATED IN STEIN HEURTEY FURNACE FOR BLUESCOPE STEEL

THAILAND BST NEW MCL2 LINE 35

D. Delaunay1, A. Previtali1, D. Thompson2, W.Gleeson2

'Stein Heurtey, France, 2BlueScope Steel Pty. Ltd., Australia

A-l-4 THE RESEARCH OF HIGH FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD LEVITATION

FORCE AND ENCLOSED SLOT CHARACTER OF VERTICAL ZINC POT 41

Hao Xiaodong, Zhang QifuCentral Iron & Steel Research Institute, China

iii

A-2 Technologies to Preserve the Global Environment

A-2-1 INNOVATIVE ENERGY SAVINGS IN CONTINUOUS ANNEALING FURNACE 46

Chris Winger1, Roy Hardy2'GalvTech, The Techs Industries, USA, 2Spinworks LLC, USA

A-2-2 APPLIED WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY: IN-HOUSE RECOVERY OF

METALLIC ZINC FROM CONTINUOUS GALVANIZING DROSSES 52

John Fryatt, Nathan Deem, Mark Bright

Pyrotek Incorporated, USA

A-2-3 CONTROL OF STRIP VIBRATIONS IN GAS JETS COOLING AREAS 57

Michel Renard1, Jerome Muller2, Dirk Van de Vyver3, Francois Gurniki3, Karen Beaujard4'Drever International S.A., Belgium, 2Arcelor Mittal Dudelange S.A., Luxembourg,3Arcelor Steel Belgium NV, Belgium, 4Arcelor Research SA, France

A-3 Process Technologies I - Improving Galvanizing Annealing Furnace -

A-3-1 HIGH EMISSIVITY COATING TECHNOLOGY IMPROVES ANNEALING

FURNACE EFFICIENCY 69

Robert Scott1, Stephen D. Cherico2'AK Steel, USA, 2Cetek, Ltd., USA

A-3-2 INDUCTION HEATER IN CONTINUOUS ANNEALING LINES 76

Jean Lovens, Vincent Lhoist

1NDUCTOTHERMS.A., Belgium, ARCELOR MITTAL, Belgium

A-3-3 GAS FLOWS AND EXCHANGES IN GALVANIZING ANNEALING FURNACE 82

Hubert Saint-Raymond, Bertrand Orsal

Arcelor Research, France

A-4 Process Technologies II - Improving Galvanizing Bath Hardware I -

A-4-1 ON THE REACTION OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL WITH GALVANIZING BATHS 88

K. Zhang', N.-Y. Tang', F.E. Goodwin2'Teck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada, 2International Lead and Zinc Research Organization,Inc., USA

A-4-2 EFFECT OF ALUMINUM CONCENTRATION ON THE DISSOLUTION OF 316L

STAINLESS STEEL IN MOLTEN ZINC 94

Mark A. Bright', Ever Barbero2

'Pyrotek Incorporated, USA,2West Virginia University, USA

A-4-3 DROSS FORMATIONMECHANISMS ON STAINLESS STEEL HARDWARE IN A

ZINC-55%ALUMINUM BATH 100

Ashok Varadarajan', Bruce Kang', Mark Bright2'West Virginia University, USA, 'Pyrotek Incorporated, USA

A-4-4 OPERATING STRESSAND WEAR OF SINK-ROLL BEARINGS 106

N.-Y Tang, K. ZhangTeck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada

iv

A-5 Process Technologies III - Improving Galvanizing Bath Hardware II -

A-5-1 MECHANISMS OF DROSS BUILD-UP ON HOT-DIPPED HARDWARE 111

Y. Hardy1, M. Dubois2, J.-J. Bertrandie3, H. Saint-Raymond3'CRM, Belgique, 2R&D Arcelor - Liege, Belgique, 3Arcelor Research, France

A-5-2 DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW WELD OVERLAY FORPOT HARDWARE IN

CONTINUOUS GALVANIZING LINES 117

Xingbo Liu1, Vinod K. Sikka2, Mark Bright3, Scott Sexton4, Ever Barbero1,James W. Hales5'West Virginia University, USA,

2Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, 3Metanllics

Systems, USA, 4Nacor Steel, USA ,5Specialty Welding & Machining, Inc., USA

A-5-3 REACTIVE WETTING OF AN NEW IRON-BASED SUPERALLOY AND 316L

STAINLESS STEEL BYMOLTEN ZINC ALLOY 123

Jing Xu1, Xingbo Liu1, Mark A Bright2, James G Uemrick3, Ever Barbero1'West Virginia University, USA,2Pyrotek Incorporated, USA, "'Oak Ridge National

Laboratory, USA

A-5-4 TOP DROSS AND BATH BEHAVIOR FROM GALVANNEALING TO

GALVANIZING TRANSITION 129

Xue Bin Yu, Xin Yan Jin, Quan Cheng ZhangBaoshan Iron & Steel Co., LTD., China

A-6 Process Technologies IV - Galvanizing Bath Management I -

A-6-1 THERMODYNAMIC ASPECTS OFDROSS GENERATION 135

Jinichiro Nakano1, Gary R. Purdy2, Dmitri V. Malakhov2

'Carnegie Mellon University, USA, 2McMaster University, Canada

A-6-2 MINIMIZING DROSS GENERATION IN GALVANIZING 141

N.-Y. Tang, Y.H. Liu

Teck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada

A-6-3 MODELING AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR OPERATING CONTINUOUS

GALVANIZING BATHS 147

Frank Ajersch1, Florin Ilinca2, Jean-Francois Hetu2, Frank E. Goodwin3

'tcole Polytechnique de Montreal, Canada, 2National Research Council, Canada,3International Lead Zinc Research Organization, USA

A-6-4 APPLICATION OF HEAT BALANCE IN CONTINUOUS GALVANISING 153

Monojit Dutta, N. RajeshTata SteelLtd., India

A-7 Process Technologies V - Galvanizing Bath Management II -

A-7-1 CFD ANALYSIS OFVARIOUS BATH DESIGNS FOR THE NEW CORUS HOT-DIP

GALVANISING LINE #3 IN IJMUIDEN 159

Eelco van Vliet1, Roel Mallens1, Peter van Hasselt2

'Corns Research Development & Technology, The Netherlands, 2Corus Strip Products

Ijmuiden, The Netherlands

A-7-2 ENHANCED STRIP SURFACE QUALITYFROM IMPROVED BATH SURFACE

MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE SNOUT 165

Craig H. Phillips, Neil StaplesCorns Research, Development and Technology, UK

v

A-7-3 VISCOSITY OF MOLTEN Zn-Al, Zn-Cu AND Zn-AI-Cu ALLOYS 171

Y.H. Liu

Teck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada

A-7-4 DEVELOPMENT OF TOTALNUMERICALANALYSIS METHOD CONSISTING OF

GASFLOWAND LIQUID FILM FLOW TO PREDICT THE COATING WEIGHT 177

Katsuya Akiyama, Tsuyoshi Oda

KOBE STEEL.L TD., Japan

A-8 Process Technologies VI

A-8-1 IMPROVED EFFICIENCY OF STRIP CLEANING PROCESSES 183

Craig H. Phillips, Iwan Davies

Corns Research, Development and Technology, UK

A-8-2 ONE SOLUTION OF STRIP CLEANING IN HIGH SPEED LINE 189

Akihiko Hotani, Kazuo Onishi

HOTAM Co., Ltd., Japan

A-8-3 CLIENT SPECIFIC, TAILOR MADE DESIGN OF IRIDIUM MIXED METAL

OXIDE ANODE COATINGS FOR USE IN ELECTROGALVANISING LINES 195

Jacko PijperMAGNETO special anodes B. V.. The Netherlands

A-8-4 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND

SURFACE REACTIVITY IN ELECTROGALVANIZED STEEL SHEET 201

S. Bruno1, M. Zapponi1, H. A. Lazzarino2, A. Grieco2, R. Dulbecco2, F. Actis2, J. Pedraza"

'Tenaris Siderca, Argentina, 2Ternium Siderar, Argentina

A-9 Electrogalvanized Steels

A-9-1 EFFECTS OF SMALL AMOUNTS OFVARIOUS INORGANIC ADDITIVES ON

THE MORPHOLOGY AND APPEARANCE OF ZINC ELECTRODEPOSITED ON

STEEL SHEETS 207

Hiroaki Nakano1, Satoshi Oue1, Hisaaki Fukushima1, Shigeo Kobayashi2'Kyushu University, Japan,2Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan

A-9-2 EFFECT OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ON THE LIGHTNESS OF ZINC

ELECTRODEPOSITS 213

Masanari Kimoto1, Milsuharu Yonemura1, Kazuya Ishii1, Hiroyuki Yasuda2,Yukichi Umakoshi2

'Sumitomo Metal Ind. Ltd., Japan,2Osaka University, Japan

A-9-3 THE EFFECT OF Mg ADDITION TO THE PHOSPHATE FILM ON THE PROPERTIESOF PREPHOSPHATED ELECTROGALVANIZED STEEL SHEETS 219

Kiyokazu Ishizuka, Kimitaka Hayashi, Hidetoshi Shindo, Kazumi Nishimura

Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan

A-9-4 ZINC-CERAMIC COMPOSITE COATINGS BY ELECTRODEPOSITION 224

Xuli Xia, Igor Zhitomirsky, Joseph. R. McDennid

McMaster University, Canada

vi

A-10 Surface and Structural Analysis IX

A-10-1 Keynote

PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF GALVANNEALED

COATING UNDER COMPRESSIVE STRESS CIRCUMSTANCE 230

Takayuki Takasugi, Junichi Machida

Osaka Prefecture University, Japan

A-10-2 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF INTERFACIAL DEBONDING OF THE Fe-Zn

INTERMETALLIC COATING LAYER ON STEEL SUBSTRATE 236

S. Iwamoto1, S. Ochiai1, H. Okuda1, T. Inoue2

'Kyoto University, Japan, 2National Institutefor Materials Science, Japan

A-10-3 PREDICTION MODEL OF THE GALVANNEALING STATES USING

GALVANNEAL PHASES RATIO BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION DURING

GALVANNEALING PROCESS 242

Doo-Jin Paik, Kwang-Geun Chin, Moon-Hi HongPOSCO, Korea

A-10-4 THE EFFECT OF £-PHASE ON THE FRICTIONAL BEHAVIOR OF

GALVANNEALED INTERSTITIAL FREE SHEET STEELS 248

Luis G. Garza1, Chester J. Van Tyne2'AK Steel Corp., USA,

2Colorado School ofMines, USA

A-11 Joining and Forming

A-l 1-1 DIE TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON STAMPING COATED ADVANCED HIGH

STRENGTH STEEL 254

Hua-Chu Shih

United States Steel Corporation, USA

A-l 1-2 EFFECT OF WARMFORMINGON GA STEEL SHEET POWDERING 260

Toyomitsu Nakamura, Hiroshi Takebayashi, Masahiro Nakata, Tamotsu Toki

Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan

A-l 1-3 EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE AMOUNT AND 51/£ PHASE RATIOONFORMABILITY

OF GA SHEETS FORAUTOMOTIVE OUTER PANELS 266

Dong-Soo Han, Jung-hwan Ann, Moon-Hi Hong, Hong-woo Lee

POSCO, Korea

A-l 1-4 INFLUENCE OF Sb ON THE RESISTANCE SPOT WELDING OF

GALVANNEALED STEELS 272

Salvador Meza1, Luis Moya1, Martha P. Guerrero-Mata1, Rafael Colas1, Antonio Mani2'UniversidadAutonoma deNuevo Leon, Mexico, 2Ternium-Hylsa, S.A. deC.V., Mexico

B-1 Surface and Structural Analysis I

B-l-l COATING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OFHOTROLLED GALVANIZED

PRODUCTS 279

Hubert Saint-Raymond1, D. Bettinger1, Ph. Osmont1, JC. Denquin2'Arcelor Research, France, 2Arcelor Atlantique et Lorraine IDesvres, France

B-l-2 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TINIEST DEFECTS FOR AUTOMOTIVE

EXPOSED PANELS 285

Dong-Soo Han, Moon-Hi HongPOSCO Kwangyang works, Korea

vii

B-l-3 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ZN COATABILITY OF HOT ROLLED COILS

WITH COLD ROLLED COILS • • 291

A. Chattopadhyay1, V. Subramanya Sarma2, B.S. Murty2, D.Bhattacharjee3, M.Dutta3

'Tata Steel, India and 117-Madras, India, 2Indian Institute ofTechnolog)' Madras. India,

sTata Steel, India

B-2 Surface and Structural Analysis II

B-2-1 EFFECT OF GALVANIZING PARAMETERS ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF

HOT-DIP GALVANIZED STEEL SHEET FOR AUTOMOBOTIVE PANALS 297

H. B. Chen1, K. C. Yang1, C. K. Hsieh1, K. M. Hsu1, J. H. Tsai1, C. S. Lin2

'China Steel Corporation, Taiwan, 2National Taiwan University, Taiwan

B-2-2 SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND REACTIVITY OF SKIN-PASSED HOT DIP

GALVANIZED COATING 303

Jean-Michel Mataigne1, Veronique Vache2, Monique Repoux3'ArceiorMittal, France, 2Novelis, Luxembourg, JEcole des Mines de Paris, CEMEF,

France

B-2-3 EFFECT OF SURFACE ALUMINIUM ON FRICTION AND FRETTING WEAR

BEHAVIOR OF GALVANIZED STEEL SHEETS 309

A. Chattopadhyay, N. Bandyopadhyay, T. Venugopalan, S. Chakrabarty

Tata Steel, India

B-3 Surface and Structural Analysis III

B-3-1 REACTIONS OF THESTEEL SUBSTRATES IN A MOLTEN ZINC BATH TO FORM

AN INHIBITION LAYER AT THE INTERFACE AND PRECIPITATION OF THE

DROSS PARTICLES DURING GALVANNEALING PROCESS 315

Doo-Jin Paik, Myimg-Soo Kim, Chang-Woon Jee, Young-Sool Jin, Jae-Won Noh

POSCO, Korea

B-3-2 SHORT TERM FORMATION OF THE INHIBITION LAYER DURING

CONTINUOUS HOT-DIP GALVANIZING 321

Lihua Chen, Richard Fourcnentin, Joseph McDermid

McMaster University, Canada

B-3-3 THE ALLOYING ELEMENTS TOOL BOXUSEFUL FOR HOT-DIP GALVANIZING 327

Jacques Foct, Marie-Noelle Avettand-Fenoel

Laboratoire de Metallurgie Physique et Genie des Materiaux, U.M.R, C.N.R.S., France

B-3-4 KEY MECHANISMS IN GALVANIZATION OF STEEL SHEETS 333

Jean-Michel MataigneArcelor-Mittal, France

B-3-5 THE EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS IN INTERSTITIAL-FREE STEEL ON

GALVANNEALINGBEHAVIOR 339

Shintaro Yamanaka, Kenichiro Matsumura

NIPPON STEEL CORPORATION, Japan

B-4 Automotive Applications I - Advanced High Strength Steels -

B-4-1 Keynote

RECENT PROGRESS IN COATED HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH STEEL FOR

AUTOMOTIVE USE 345

Akihiro MiyasakaNippon Steel Corporation, Japan

viii

B-4-2 DEVELOPMENT OF HOT ROLLED, HOT-DIP GALVANISED HIGH STRENGTH

STEEL GRADES ON THE LABORATORY SCALE 351

Michael Pohl, Markus Krieger, Thomas Koll, Thorsten Maiwald

Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung GmbH, Germany

B-4-3 DEVELOPMENT OF Si BEARING HIGH STRENGTH GALVANNEALED STEEL

SHEETS WITH SUPERIOR FORMABILITY 357

Satoshi Hironaka, Kazuaki Hosomi, Hiroshi Tanaka, Takashi Malsumoto

Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd., Japan

B-4-4 DEVELOPMENT OF 590MPa GRADE LOW Si CONCENTRATION TRIP GA

SHEET STEELS 363

M. B. Moon1, W. B. Kim1, S. J. Park1, S. M. Na1, S. Namkoong1, C. S. Oh2

'HYNDAIHYSCO, Korea,2Korea Institute ofMachinery & Materials, Korea

B-4-5 DEVELOPMENT OFADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH STEELS WITH 1180MPa IN

TENSILE STRENGTH 369

Jong-Sang Kim, Kwang-Geun Chin

POSCO Technical Research Labs, Korea

B-5 Automotive Applications II - Advanced High Strength Steels -

B-5-1 Keynote

EXPECTATION FOR STEEL SHEET IN VIEW OF FUTURE AUTOMOTIVE

APPLICATION 374

Manabu Fujine

Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan

B-5-2 MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF RAPIDLY HEAT TREATED AND

GALVANIZED DUAL PHASE STEEL 380

Richard Fourmentin, Anne Mertens, Joseph McDermid

McMaster University, Canada

B-5-3 EFFECTS OF NIOBIUM IN GALVANIZED ADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH

STEELS FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS 386

Hardy Mohrbacher

CBMM Technology, Germany

B-5-4 DEVELOPMENT OF ULTRA-HIGH STRENGTH GALVANNEALED STEEL

SHEETS WITHTENSILE STRENGTH OF 980 MPA 392

Ken-ichiro Matsumura, Nobuhiro Fujita, Toshiki Nonaka, Toshimasa Tomokiyo,Hirokazu TaniguchiNIPPON STEEL CORPORATION, Japan

B-6 Surface and Structural Analysis IV

B-6-1 Keynote

RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH STRENGTH STEELS WITH ZINC OR ZINC

ALLOY COATING IN EUROPE 397

B. Schuhmacher2, T. Heller1, M. Steinhorst2, W. Warnecke21ThyssenKrupp Steel AG, Germany, 2DOC Dortmurtder Oberflachencentnim GmbH,

Germany

B-6-2 CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS

IN ANADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH STEEL FROM THEORETICAL AND

EXPERIMENTAL VIEWPOINTS 403

C. Ramadeva Shastry, John A. Rotole, Thomas W. Kaiser

Arcelor Mittal Steel USA Research and Development, USA

ix

B-6-3 SELECTIVE OXIDATION OF FERRITIC STEELS 409

Marie-Laurence Giorgi1, Jean-Bernard Guillot1, Amelie Ollivier1, Frank Goodwin2

'Ecole Centrale Paris, France, international Lead Zinc Research Organization (ILZRO),USA

B-6-4 SURFACE ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTIVE OXIDATION DURING AUSTENITIC

ANNEALING OF CMNSI HIGH STRENGTH STEEL. 415

T. Van De Putte1, D. Loison3, S. Claessens2, 2. Zermout2, J. Penning1'Gent University, Belgium, 2Arcelor Research Industry Gent - OCAS NV - ARCELOR,

Belgium,3Arcelor Research SA, France

B-7 Surface and Structural Analysis V

B-7-1 CHARACTERIZATION BY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION OF OXIDE PARTICLES

FORMED DURING ANNEALING 421

A.Ollivier1, M.-L. Giorgi1, M. Zaidi1, J.-P. Mazellier1, P. Haghi-Ashtiani2, M. Clavel2,J.-B. Guillot1

'Ecole Centrale Paris, France, "Structures et Materiaux, France

B-7-2 HOT DIP GALVANIZING OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL: REDUCTION KINETICS

AFTER PREOXIDATION 427

Gerhard Angeli, Alexander Jarosik, Andreas Muhr, Hermann Burger,Thomas Haunschmied, Johann Angelivoestalpine Stahl GmbH, Austria

B-7-3 EFFECT OF INTERNAL OXIDATION OF GALVANNEALING PROPERTIES AND

ANTI-POWDERING PROPERTIES OF Si,Mn,P BEARING HIGH-TENSILE

GALVANIZED SHEET STEEL 433

Yoshitsugu Suzuki', Yoshiharu Sugimoto1, Sakae Fujita2JFE Steel Co., Japan

B-7-4 THE INFLUENCE OF Sb ON THE SURFACE QUALITY OF GALVANIZED SHEET

STEELS 439

Il-Ryoung Sohn, Sun-Ho Jeon, Hee-Jae Kang, Kwang-Geun Chin

POSCO, Korea

B-8 Surface and Structural Analysis VI

B-8-1 FUNDAMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF OXIDES ON THE

REACTION KINETICS DURING HOT DIP GALVANIZING 444

Sascha Frenznick, Dimitar Borissov, Michael Rohwerder

Max-Planck-Institittfur Eisenforschting, Germany

B-8-2 REACTIVE WETTING KINETICS DURING THE GALVANIZING OF HIGH-MN

STEELS 448

Richard Meguerian, Joseph McDerrnid

McMaster University, Canada

B-8-3 ZINC WETTING ON HIGH STRENGTH STEELS 454

Louis Bordignon1, Xavier Vanden Eynde1, Bruno Gay2'CRM, Belgium, 2Umicore, Belgium

B-8-4 HOT-DIP GALVANIZING SIMULATION OF MODEL ALLOYS AND INDUSTRIAL

STEEL GRADES: CORRELATION BETWEEN SURFACE CHEMISTRY ANDWETTABILITY 460

Srinivasan Swaminathan1, Thomas Koll2, Michael Pohl2, Michael Spiegel1'High Temperature Reactions Group, Max-Planck-Institutfur Eisenforschung GmbH,Germany, 2Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung GmbH, Germany

x

B-9 Surface and Structural Analysis VII

B-9-1 INFLUENCE OF THIN OXIDE FILMS ON HOT-DIP GALVANIZING AND

GALVANNEALING BEHAVIORS OF STEEL SHEETS 466

Takashi Kawano, Hisato Noro, Kaoru Sato, Yoshitsugu Suzuki, Michitaka Sakurai,Yoichi TobiyamaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan

B-9-2 GALVANIZING TRIP STEEL USING THE DIRECT REDUCTION PROCESS 472

N. Gao1, Y.H. Liu1, N.-Y. Tang1, J.S. Kim2, R.B. Park2'Teck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada, 2POSCO Technical Research Laboratories, Korea

B-9-3 EFFECTS OF DEW POINTS AND NIOBIUM ON GALVANIZABILITY OF 780MPA

GRADE GALVANIZED DUAL-PHASE STEELS 478

KCYang1, L.W. Chang2'China Steel Corporation, Taiwan, 2National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan

B-10 Surface and Structural Analysis VIII

B-l 0-1 INITIAL STAGE Fe-Zn REACTION DURING HOT DIP GALVANIZING OF

Si-ADDED STEEL 482

Etsuo Hamada, Masayasu Nagoshi, Kaoru Sato, Michitaka Sakurai

JFE Steel Corporation, Japan

B-10-2 TEM ANALYSIS OF THE IRON-ZINC INTERFACE OF GALVANIZED TRIP

STEEL 487

Erika Bellhouse, Joseph McDermid

McMaster University, Canada

B-l0-3 FACTORS AFFECTING GALVANEALING BEHAVIOR OF Si-CONTAINING

STEEL SHEETS 493

Takeshi Yasui, Makoto Nakazawa, Akihiro Miyasaka

Nippon Steel Corp., Japan

B-10-4 INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE TEXTURE ON THE FORMATIONAND GROWTH

OF £ PHASE IN THE GALVANNEALED COATINGS ON A FEW INDUSTRIALLY

PRODUCED INTERSTITIAL FREE HIGH STRENGTH STEELS 499

A.Chakraborty, R.K.Ray, D.Bhattacharjee, M.Dutta

TATA STEEL, India

B-11 Automotive Applications III - Advanced Steels -

B-l1-1 PROPERTIES OF NEWLY DEVELOPED GALVANNEALED STEEL SHEET WITH

MODIFIED SURFACE 504

Naoto Yoshimi, Hiroyuki Masuoka, Shoichiro Taira, Tom Imokawa, Masayasu Nagoshi,

Yuji Yamasaki, Yoshiham Sugimoto, Sakae FujitaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan

B-l 1-2 CORUS' NEW HOT DIP ZnAlMg COATED STEEL FOR AUTOMOBILE

APPLICATIONS 510

R. Bleeker, F. Hannour, C. Goos, T.F.J. Maalman, S.M. Smith, M.J. Vlot, J.W. Vrenken

Corns Research Development & Technology, The Netherlands

xi

B-U-3 METALLURGYOF NEWLY-DEVELOPED AUTOMOTIVE STEEL SHEETS IN

POSCO 516

Moon-Hi Hong1, Jae-Hyung Ann1, Hyun-Sik Jeong1, Woo-Jin Noh1, Jin-Hee Chung1,Deok-Gu Kang1, Jeong-Bong Yoon2, Seong-IL Kim2, Ohjoon Kwon\ Sung-Hwan Lim1,Noi-Ha Cho1

'POSCO, Korea, 2POSCO Technical Research Lab., Korea, 3Kangwon National

University, Korea

B-ll-4 PRACTICAL PROPERTIES OF NEWLY-DEVELOPED AUTOMOTIVE STEEL

SHEETS IN POSCO • • 522

Moon-Hi Hong', Jae-Hyung Ahn1, Deok-Gu Kang', Jeong-Bong Yoon2, Ohjoon Kwon2,Tae-Hyun Nam3, Noi-Ha Cho''POSCO, Korea, 2POSCO Technical Research Lab., Korea, 3Gyeonsang National

University, Korea

B-12 Automotive Applications IV - Fuel Tank Materials -

B-12-1 DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY CORROSION-RESISTANT Sn-Zn COATING STEEL

FOR AUTOMOTIVE FUEL TANKS 528

Yasuto Goto, Shinichi Yamaguchi, Masao Kurosaki, Toshinori Mizuguchi, Yusho Oyama,Teruaki Izaki

Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan

B-12-2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-PAINTED STEEL SHEET FOR FUEL TANKOF

VERSATILE ENGINE 534

Kohei Ueda1, Hiroshi Kanai1, Kengo Yoshida1, Shiro Kamiyama2, Shizuo Kimura"

'Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan, 2Honda Engineering Co., Ltd.. Japan

B-12-3 DEVELOPMENT OF ONE-SIDE CHROMATED GALVANNEALED STEEL FOR

FUEL TANKS IN TWO-WHEELERS 539

Shantami Chakrabarti, T. Venugopalan, Arun K. Singh, Kinshuk Roy, N. RajeshTATA STEEL, India

C-1 Zinc Alloy Coated Steels

C-J-l SOLIDIFICATION STRUCTURE FORMATION OF Zn-Al ALLOY IN HOT DIP

GALVANIZED PROCESS 545

Hideyuki Yasuda1, Tomoya Nagira1, Hiroshi Harada2, Takashi Sawai2,Hidetoshi Sindoh2, Kazumi Nishimura2'Osaka University, Japan, 2Nippon Steel Corporaton, Japan

C-1-2 Ti-INDUCED GRAIN REFINEMENT OF 5 wt. % Al-Zn COATINGS 550Etienne J. Petit1, Bruno Gay2'LETAM (UMR 7078 CNRS-Universite de Metz), France, 2Umicore Research, Belgium

C-l-3 EFFECT OF ANNEALING PROCEDURE ON PHASE FORMATION IN ZINC

MAGNESIUM ALLOY COATINGS ON STEEL SHEETS 556

Bert Scheffel, Olaf Zywitzki, Christoph Metzner

Fraunhofer Institute Electron Beam andPlasma Technology (FEP), Germany

C-l-4 INFLUENCE OF Si CONTENT IN HOT DIP BATH ON STRUCTURE AND

FORMABILITY OF 55%AI-Zn COATINGS 562Toshihiko Ooi, Yoshiharu Sugimoto, Sakae FujitaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan

xii

C-2 Construction Applications I

C-2-1 KeynoteRECENT PROGRESS OFZINC AND ZINC-ALLOY COATED STEEL SHEETS FOR

CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS 568

Takeshi Shimizu

Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd., Japan

C-2-2 HOT DIP ZnAlMg COATINGS: MICROSTRUCTURE AND FORMING

PROPERTIES 574

Margot Vlot, Marga Zuijderwijk, Matthijs Toose, Louisa Elliott, Rob Bleeker,

Theo Maalman

Corns Research Development and Technology, The Netherlands

C-2-3 INFLUENCE OF MG ADDITIONS ON ZN-5%AL HOT DIPPING 580

L. Suarez1, P. Camba1, F. Leysen1, C. Masquelier, D. Warichet2, Y. Houbaert'

'Ghent University, Belgium, 2Innovative Coating Application, Belgium

C-2-4 CORROSION RESISTANCE OF ZN-11%AL-3%MG-0.2%SI COATED STEEL

SHEET AFTER SHELTERED OUTDOOREXPOSURE TEST IN MIYAKOJIMA 586

Yoshio Kimata, Akira Takahashi, Kenichi Asai

Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan

C-2-5 CORROSION PROPERTIES OF MODEL ZINC-MAGNESIUM ALLOYS 592

Tomas Prosek1, Andrej Nazarov', Ulf Bexell2, Dominique Thierry1, Jan Serak3'institut de la Corrosion IFrench Corrosion Institute, France, 2Dalarna University,

Sweden, iInstitute ofChemical Technology, Czech Republic

C-3 Construction Applications II

C-3-1 Keynote

APPROACH TO THEDECREASE OF ENVIRONMENT-LOADING MATERIALS IN

HOUSING INDUSTRY 598

Yoshihiro Tsujimoto, Norihito Ikeda

Sekisui House, Ltd., Japan

C-3-2 ANTI DIRT PICKUP COATINGS BASED ON BLOCKED CARBOXYLIC

ACID/EPOXY CURING SYSTEM WITH HYDROPHILIC SURFACE 601

Hiroki Mizutani, Toshio Yamamoto, Futoshi Nakanishi

BASF Coatings Japan Ltd., Japan

C-3-3 DEVELOPMENT OF ANEW ACCELERATED CORROSION TEST FOR COIL

COATED MATERIALS USED IN THE BUILDING SECTOR 607

Dominique Thierry1, Per -Erik Augustsson2, Martin Jourdier3

'French Corrosion Institute, France, 2SSAB Tunnplat AB, Sweden, 3Arcelor Research

Liege, Belgium

C-4 Corrosion Mechanisms, Monitoring and Life Prediction I

C-4-1 CALCULATION OFRELATIVE HUMIDITY IN EQUILIBRIUM WITH WATERFILMS CONTAININGSTRONG ELECTROLYTEBY THERMODYNAMIC DATA 613

Tadashi Shinohara1, Akira Tahara1, Yuji Hosoya1, Wataru Oshikawa2, Shin-ichi Motoda3'National Institutefor Materials Science, Japan, 2University ofthe Ryukyus, Japan,3Tokyo University ofMarine Science and Technology, Japan

xiii

C-4-2 INHERENT DELAMINATION PROTECTION BY NOVEL ZINC ALLOYS

Michael Rohwerder, Andrey Lyapin, Florin Turcu

Max-Planck-Institutfur Eisenforschung, Germany

619

C-4-3 NUMERICALANALYSIS OF EDGE CORROSION OF GALVANIZED STEEL

SHEETS 624

Nobuhiro Okada, Masamitsu Matsumoto, Masanari Kimoto, Takeo Kudo

Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan

C-4-4 MORPHOLOGY OF CORROSION PRODUCTS FROMED BY EDGE CORROSION

OF RESIDUAL COATED STEEL SHEETS 630

Akira Tahara, Tadashi Shinohara

Corrosion group, National Institutefor Materials Science, Japan

C-5 Corrosion Mechanisms, Monitoring and Life Prediction II

C-5-1 CUT EDGE CORROSION MECHANISM OF COATED STEELS EXPOSED TO

CYCLIC CONDITIONS OF WET AND DRY 636

Atsushi Nishikata, Toyoflimi Tsuda, Tooru Tsuru

Tok)>o Institute ofTechnology, Japan

C-5-2 ANALYSIS OF EDGE CORROSION OF ZINC-PLATED STEEL IN HUMID

ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION USING MULTIPLE ELECTRODE SYSTEM 642

Kazuhisa Azumi, Kei Iokibe

Hokkaido University, Japan

C-5-3 CORROSION PRODUCTS ON CUT EDGE SURFACE OF ZINC-COATED STEELS

IN HUMIDIFIED AIR IN THE PRESENCE OF NaCl PRECIPITATE BY RAMAN

SPECTROSCOPY 648

Toshiaki Ohtsuka, Yasuhisa Abe

Hokkaido University, Japan

C-5-4 THE EFFECT OF LOW LEVEL MAGNESIUM ADDITIONS ON THE

MICROSTRUCTURE AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF ZINC ALUMINUM

ALLOY GALVANIZED STEELS 653

Jonathan Elvins', John A. Spittle2, David A. Worsley2'Corns Colors, UK,2University of Wales, UK

C-5-5 CORROSION RESISTANCE OF PRE-PAINTED Zn-6%Al-3%Mg ALLOY COATED

STEEL SHEET 659

Satoshi Yamamoto, Fumiki Kumon, Toshie Taoraoto, Hiroshi Entani

NISSHIN STEEL Co., LTD., Japan

C-6 Corrosion Mechanisms, Monitoring and Life Prediction III

C-6-1 EFFECT OF Al CONTENT ON STRUCTURE OF CORROSION PRODUCT FILMS

IN THE EARLY STAGES ON HOT-DIP Zn-Al COATINGS 665

Katsuhiro Nishihara1, Masamitsu Matsumoto1, Masanari Kimoto1, Takeo Kudo1'2,Hitoshi Uchida2, Yuichi Haruyama2, Kazuhiro Kanda2, Shinji Matsui2

'Sumitomo Metal Industries LTD., Japan, 2University ofHyogo, Japan

C-6-2 IMPROVING OF PROTECTION OF ZINC- ALUMINUMALLOY COATED

STEELS AGAINST CORROSION BY ANODIZING 671

Masatoshi Sakairi1, Yoshiyuki Uchida2

'Hokkaido University, Japan, 2Nagoya Aerospace Systems, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,

LTD., Japan.

xiv

C-6-3 EVALUATIONOF CORROSION RESISTANCE BYNEWACCELERATED

CORROSION TEST FOR ZINC-COATED STEEL SHEETS USED IN ELECTRICAL

APPLIANCES 676

Hiroshi Kajiyama, Sakae FujitaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan

C-6-4 ANALYTICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL

WEATHERING OF ORGANIC COATED GALVANISED STEEL. 682

F. Deflorian, S. Rossi, M. Fedel

University ofTrento, Italy

C-6-5 ENSURING ACCURACY IN TOTAL LIFE PREDICTION FOR HOT-DIP COATED

STEEL IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS 688

Qiyang Liu, David Willis, Udo Bucher

BlueScope Steel Limited, Australia

C-7 Corrosion Mechanisms, Monitoring and Life Prediction IV

C-7-1 Keynote

CORROSION PERFORMANCE OFZINC-COATED STEELS -MECHANISM, LIFE

PREDICTION AND CORROSIVITY MAPPING 694

X.G. ZhangTeck Cominco Metals Ltd., Canada

C-7-2 A NEW INDEX TO EVALUATE PERFORATION CORROSION RESISTANCE OF

COATED STEEEL SHEETS FOR AUTOMOTIVE PANELS IN ACTUAL USE

ENVIRONMENTS 699

Daisuke Mizuno, Katsuya Hoshino, Sakae FujitaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan

C-7-3 EVALUATION OF AUTOMOBILE CORROSION ENVIRONMENTS BY ACMTYPE

CORROSION SENSOR 70S

Sachiko Suzuki, Daisuke Mizuno, Sakae FujitaJFE Steel Corporation, Japan

C-7-4 APPLICATION OF VISUAL OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES TO GALVANIC

CORROSION OF FE-ZN COUPLES 710

Eiji Tada, Hiroyuki Kaneko

Akita University, Japan

C-7-5 LOCALIZED CORROSION OF GALVANIZED STEEL IN SEAWATER 715

Jun'ichi Sakai1, Yoichi Makimizu1'2'Waseda University, Japan, 2JFE Steel Corporation, Japan

C-8 Appliance Applications

C-8-1 Keynote

TRENDS OF ELECTRIC HOME APPLIANCES AND EXPECTATIONS OF

SURFACE-COATED STEEL SHEETS 721

Yoshifumi MoriyaMatsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Matsushita Home Appliances Company, Japan

C-8-2 DEVELOPMENT OFHEATRELEASING STEEL SHEET 727

Yasuo Hirano1, Takeshi Watase1, Hideaki Kuwabara2, Kazuo Takahashi2,Masahiko Mitsuda2

'Kobe Steel, Ltd., Japan, ^TechnicalDevelopment Group, Japan

xv

C-8-3 THE INFLUENCE OF THE SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS ON ANTI

FINGERPRINT PROPERTY 733

Hidehiro Yamaguchi, Tatsuya Suzuki, Kensuke Mizuno

NIHONPARKERIZING CO.,LTD., Japan

C-8-4 DEVELOPMENT OF ANTISTATIC PRE-COATED STEEL SHEET 739

Hiroyasu Furukawa, Hiroshi Kanai, Kenji Inada

Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan

C-8-5 EFFECT OF CURING METHODS ON SLIDING PROPERTIES OF THIN ORGANIC

COMPOSITE COATED STEEL SHEETS 745

Takeshi Matsuda, Takahiro Kubota

JFE Steel Corporation, Japan

C-9 Conversion Coating I

C-9-1 Keynote

RECENT PROGRESS IN HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM FREE COATED STEEL

SHEETS 751

Masamitsu Matsumoto

Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd., Japan

C-9-2 MICROSTRUCTURE OF CHROMATE-FREE COATINGS AND THEIR

CORROSION RESISTANCE 757

Hisato Noro, Kazuhisa Okai, Akira Matsuzaki, Naoto Yoshimi

JFESteel Corporation, Japan

C-9-3 THREE YEARS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION WITH CR(VI)-FREEPASSIVATION TREATMENTS 762

J. De Strycker, F. Horzertberger, C. Xhoffer, S. Siau

Arcelor Mittal Industiy research Gent, OCAS NV, Belgium

C-10 Conversion Coating II

C-10-1 CORROSION PROTECTION MECHANISM OF NOVEL ORGANIC

CHROMATE-FREE COIL COATING SYSTEMS 768Michael Dombusch, Markus Hickl, Kristof Wapner, Lothar Jandel

BASF Coatings AG, Germany

C-10-2 CHROME-FREE TREATMENTS (INORGANIC AND ORGANIC TREATMENTS)For HOT-DIP ZN-6MASS%AL-3MASS%MG ALLOY COATED STEEL SHEET 774

Koichiro Ueda, Masanori Matsuno, Shinya Furukawa, Hirofumi Taketsu

Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd., Japan

C-10-3 PROPERTIES OF NEW CHROMATE-FREE ELECTROGALVANIZED STEEL

SHEETS WITH NONRESINOUS COATINGS 780Taihei Kaneto, Ikuo Kikuchi, Atsushi Morishita, Shinichi Yamaguchi, Yoichiro Mori,Ikuro Yamaoka, Hidetoshi Shindo

Nippon Steel Corporation, Japan

C-11 Conversion Coating III

C-l 1-1 THE DEVELOPMENT OFA CHROMIUM-FREE SEALING FOR

ZINC-PHOSPHATED ELECTRO-GALVANIZED STEEL SHEETS 786

Katsuyuki Kawakamt, Junichi Uchida, Kensuke Mizuno, Ryosuke Sako

NIHON PARKERIZING Co.,Ltd„ Japan

xvi

C-ll-2 PAINTABILITY OF TRADITIONAL AND Cr(VI)-FREE CONVERSION LAYERS

ON GALVANISED STEELS 792

Szilvia Koszegi, Eva Denes

DUNAFERR Co. Ltd, Hungary

C-ll-3 TEMPORARY CORROSION PROTECTION OF GALVANIZED STEEL - A NEW,

FLUORIDE-FREE, AND HEAVY METAL-FREE TECHNOLOGY 798

Walter Bertkau1, Manfred Essig1, Alexander Gothlich1, Mirjam Herrlich-Loos1,Helmut Witteler1, Grace X. Showalter2, Kiyonari Matsuoka3'BASF AG, Germany, 2BASF Corporation, USA, 3BASFJapan Ltd.. Japan

C-ll-4 ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY POST TREATMENT OF VARIOUS METALLIC

COATED STEELS 804

Jong Min Kim, Yongsug Chung

Dongbu Steel, Korea

xvii