PROCEEDINGS AISTEEL 2018aisteel2018.unimed.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/22-25.pdf ·...

rd THE 3 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND

AISTEEL

Supported and Coordinated by:

Postgraduate SchoolState University of Medan North Sumatera, Indonesia

Organized by:

Indexing By :

PROCEEDINGS

Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan - Indonesia

03-04 October 2018

ISSN: 2548 - 4613ISSN: 2548 - 4613ISSN: 2548 - 4613Vol. 3, December 2018Vol. 3, December 2018Vol. 3, December 2018

2018

Education, Learning and Leadership Innovation

9 772548 461 001

Proceedings of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL)

eISSN: 2548-4613

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Proceedings of The 3rd

Annual International Seminar on

Transformative Education and Educational Leadership

(AISTEEL 2018)

“Education, Learning, and Leadership Innovation”

Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia

October 3-4, 2018

Editorial Board

Editorial-in-Chief

Dr. Juniastel Rajagukguk, M.Si (State University of Medan, Unimed)

Deputy Editor Dr. Saronom Silaban, M.Pd (State University of Medan, Unimed)

International Advisory Board / Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Kala Saravanamuthu (University of Newcastle, Australia)

Prof. Arjen EJ Wals (University of Gothenburg, Sweden)

Prof. Dr. Bornok Sinaga, M.Pd (Unimed, Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Aytekin Isman (Sakarya University, Turkey)

Prof. Peter Charles Taylor, Ph.D., Med., B.Sc., Dip.Ed (Murdoch University, Australia)

Prof. Dr. Mukhlas Samani, Ph.D (Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Jailani bin Md. Yunos (University Tun Hussein on Malaysia)

Prof. Dr. Nurahimah Mohd. Yusuf (UTM, Malaysia)

Assoc. Prof. Dr Pedro Isaias (University of Queensland, Australia)

Assoc. Prof. Elisabeth Taylor, Ph.D (Murdoch University, Australia)

Dr. Bambang Sumintono, M.Ed (Universiti Malaya, Malaysia)

Dr. Isma Widyaty, M.Pd (UPI, Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Syahrul R, M.Pd (UNP, Indonesia)

Prof. Amrin Saragih, MA., Ph.D (Unimed, Indonesia)

Assoc. Prof. Ade Gafar Abdullah, M.Si (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)

Eng. Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd (Universitas Negeri Semarang)

Please cite the proceeding as “Proceeding of the First Annual International Seminar on

Transformative Education and Educational Leadership Vol. 3” with the following

abbreviation: Proc. Aist., 3


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Proceedings of the 3rd

Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education

and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018)

Preface

The 3rd

Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership

(AISTEEL 2018) was held in Emerald Garden Hotel, Medan City-Indonesia on 3-4 October 2018.

This seminar is organized by Postgraduate School, Univesitas Negeri Medan and become a routine

agenda at Postgraduate program of Unimed now.

The AISTEEL is realized this year with various presenters, lecturers, researchers and students from

universities both in and out of Indonesia participating in, the seminar with theme “Education,

Learning and Leadership Innovation.”

The plenary speakers coming from various provinces in Indonesia have been present topics covering

multi disciplines. They have contributed many inspiring inputs on current trending educational

research topics all over the world. The expectation is that all potential lecturers and students have

shared their research findings for improving their teaching process and quality, and leadership.

The third AISTEEL presents a keynote speaker and 4 distinguised invited speakers from Australia,

Singapore, Taiwan, and Malaysia. In addition, presenters come from various Government and Private

Universities, Institutions, Academy, and Schools. Some of them are those who have sat and will sit in

the oral defence examination.

There are 326 articles submitted to committee, some of which are presented orally in parallel sessions,

and others are presented through posters. The articles have been reviewed by double blind reviewer

and 198 of them were accepted for published by Atlantis Press indexed by International Indexation.

Meanwhile 83 papers were published in online International Proceedings indexed by Google Scholar.

The Committees of AISTEEL invest great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the

conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit.

Grateful thanks to all of members of The 3rd Annual International Seminar on Transformative

Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2018) for their outstanding contributions. Thanks

also given to Universitas Negeri Medan for published this volume.

The Editors

Bornok Sinaga

Rahmad Husein

Juniastel Rajagukguk


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Table of Contents

Titles and Authors page

Design of Physical Practicum Tools on Rotational Dynamics Matter with

Scientific Concept

1 Fretty Doharni Ritonga; Nurdin Bukit; Betty M.Turnip...........................................

Analysis of the Leading Sector and Its Effect on the Economy in Pakpak Bharat

Regency

6 Dinar Melani Hutajulu; M. Nasir; Arwansyah....................................................................

Analyze the Characteristic and Factors Cause of Bullying Behaviours in Early

Childhood

12 Fadhilah Syam Nasution; Anita Yus; Aman Simaremare.........................................

Play Finger Painting in Creative Art Model to Help Smooth Motoric

Development and Creativity of Group a in Kindergarten at Aek Loba Pekan

Village

18 Lola Wita Harahap; Sri Milfayetty; Rosmala Dewi.................................................

Maintenance of Gayonese Kinship Terms by Gayonese Minority Migrants in

Jabodetabek

22 Desi Purnama Sari; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Berlin Sibarani........................................

Effect of Functional Training and TRX Suspension Training on Body

Composition member Golden Fitness and Spa

26 Rafliansyah; Nurhayati Simatupang; Albadi Sinulingga.........................................

Interpersonal Metaphor Used in the Boss Baby Movie

29 Khairuni Syafitri; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Anni Holila Pulungan.................................

Speech Act in Indonesia Lawyers Club: KPK vs Novanto

32 Theresia Fransiska Sidabutar; Zainuddin; Busmin Gurning...................................

The Effect of Instructional Strategy and Style Ofthinking Secuential on Students

Outcome MAN Medan

36 Siti Aisyah Hanim; Tiur asih siburian; Darwin........................................................

The Effect of Cooperative Learning Models and Self Efficacy on Student

Mathematics Learning Outcomes

39 Sabdo Puji Rahayu; Mukhtar; Keysar Panjaitan.....................................................

Ideational Grammatical Metahpor in Reading Texts for Senior High School

English Textbooks

43 Diemam Ferzhawana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Zainuddin............................................

Effect of Soft Modification on Student Learning Results PAB 13 Kwala Begumit

Private Vocational School

47 Iskandar Fahmi.........................................................................................................

Differences in Metacognitive Ability of Students Through Learning Realistic

Mathematics Education and Problem Based Learning in Pangkalan Susu Senior

High School

51 Chairi Mutia Lubis; Waminton Rajagukguk; Kms.M.Amin Fauzi...........................

Development of Interactive Learning Media Projection of Working Drawing on

Students of Class X TKR in SMK Markus 2 Medan

56 Irwan Panggabean; R. Mursid; Samsidar Tanjung.................................................

Metaphor of Modality in Donald Trump’s Speech in

United Nation General Assembly 2017

60 Nursyah Handaya; Siti Aisyah Ginting.....................................................................

Traditional Sport Of Silek Tuo In Minangkabau Community (a study of Silek tuo

advice) 63


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Prima Nanda; Sabaruddin Yunis; Agung Sunarn.....................................................

Improved Student’s Generic Science Skills With The Application of Cooperative

Learning Models Based on Batak Culture

66 Rika Sari Indah Harahap; Derlina; Rahmatsyah; Sahyar; Bornok.........................

Management Development Athletes of Shorinji Kempo North Sumatra Region

71 Arti Kurniaty Bangun................................................................................................

Efforts to Improve Learning Results Free Basketball Shot (Free Throw) Through

The Application of Teaching Style Inclusion

75 Bob Rahmat Manalu........................................... .....................................................

Development of Egosan Engineering Extension Models with Straight Sticking in

Pencak Silat

77 William Filipus; Amir Supriadi; Tarsyad Nugraha..................................................

The Development of Interactive Learning Media of Athletic on Physical

Education in SMP Negeri 15 Medan

81 Akhmad Khaidir; Budi Valianto; Tarsyad Nugraha.................................................

The Effect of Learning Model and Self-Reliance Learning toward Science

Learning Outcomes

84 Rohima; Mukhtar; Samsidar Tanjung......................................................................

The Effect of Learning Method and Kinesthetic Perception on The Learning

Outcomes of Lay Up Basketball

88 Saiful Adrian; Nurhayati Simatupang; Suprayitno…………………………………....

Analysis Of Physical Education Teacher Management Skills In State Elementary

School Sub-District Medan Tembung

91 Syahrul Effendi Nasution; Amir Supriadi; Albadi Sinulingga..................................

Innovation Of The Speed Model Using Running With The Ball Techniques In

Football

95 Julio Roberto; Amir Supriadi; Novita........................................... ...........................

The Development of Penetration Drill Training Technique of Wrestling Sport

99 Ihsan Idris Silalahi; Jan Bobby Nesra Barus...........................................................

Speech Function of Anies Baswedan’s Speech in Approval Ceremony as the

Governor of Jakarta in the Period of 2017-2022

102 Ahmad Rifa’i Ritonga; Sumarsih........................................... ..................................

Development of Web-Based Learning Media to Enhance Writing Capability of

Biography Text of Student Class X SMA

105 Rencus B. Sinabariba, Tiur Asi Siburian, Mutsyuhito Solin....................................

Implementing the Teaching Supervision by Principals in Improving the

Performance of Teachers in Aceh Besar

109 Said Ashlan........................................... ........................................... .......................

Female Principal Leadership

115 Hendro Widodo; Hengkang Bara Saputra........................................... ...................

The Ways of Rohingya Teenagers in Medan Realized Their Language Attitude

120 I Wayan Dirgayasa; Rahmat Husein; Lonni NurIffah Nasution..............................

Metaphor in Umpasa of Saurmatua Toba Batak Ceremony

124 Heppy Yersin Digita Purba; Rahmad Husein; Anni Holila Pulungan.....................

The Influence of Part Method, Whole Method and Determination Exercise

Methods on Improving Exercise in the Sports Branch of Pencak Silat Single Art

Category of College Students SPDKK (Art of Kencana Kwitang Self Defense)

Deli Serdang Year 2018/2019

127 Mawar Sari........................................... ........................................... .......................

Figurative Expressions in The Karo Batak Wedding Ceremony Generated by The 130


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Philosophy of Rakut Sitelu

Desi Haryati Nianggolan..........................................................................................

Evaluation of Implementation of Sustainable Professional Development (PKB)

for Junior High School Physical Education Teachers to Increase Professionalism

in Tebing Tinggi City

135 Mhd Fazar Afandi.....................................................................................................

Development of Innovative PJOK teaching materials on floor gymnastics

materials to improve learning outcomes of Grade Students at Junior Hight School

138 Bangun Saragih........................................................................................................

The Influence of the Discovery Learning Model assisted with Image Media and

Motivation Against Civics Learning Outcomes of Students in Class IV of Public

Elementary Schools 055980 Aman Damai 2017/2018

142 Heryansyah Ginting; Dede Ruslan; Reh Bungana Br.Perangin-angin....................

Development of science teaching materials based on Science Technology Society

(STM) and its influence on learning outcomes of fourth grade students of MIN

Medan Tembung

149 Diah Hafizhotul Husna; Nuraini; Ramlan Silaban..................................................

The Improvement of Cooperative Learning Model Application Skill in Numbered

Head Together Through Clinical Supervision of Art Teacher in SDN 060886

Medan Baru

154 Unita Vitta Omas Sianturi; Martua Manullang; Rosmala Dewi..............................

Gold of North Sumatera Program Coach Performance

159 Suyono; Hariadi; Supryetno.....................................................................................

Transitivity Systems Analysis of Bilingual Civic 3 Education Textbook for Grade

XII

163 Jusup Sitepu; Anni Holila Pulungan; I Wayan Dirgeyasa Tangkas........................

The Lecturer Performance Development of the STKIP Bina Bangsa Getsempena

Banda Aceh

169 Saiful Bahri...............................................................................................................

The Interference of Batak Mandailing Language to Indonesian (In The Interaction

At The Seventh Grade Students Of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Al-Azhar

Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Padang Sidimpuan)

175 Siti Jahria Sitompul; Abdurrahman Adisaputera; Sumarsi......................................

The Influence of Microbiology Dictionary and Microbiology Textbook

Utilization in the Contextual Learning Framework on Biology Students Higher

Order Thinking Skills

177 Kiki Rizqi Sahara; Hasruddin; Ashar Hasairin........................................................

The Differences of Learning Style and Students’ Creativity to Students’

Achievement in Dribbling the Ball in Playing Football of Seventh Grade Students

of SMP Ar – Rahman Percut

180 Muammar Afif Marpaung; Imran Akhmad; Rahma Dewi........................................

Development of Gobag Sodor Game Model to Increase Interest in Elementary

Students

184 Siska Nova Undari....................................................................................................

The Influence of Research-Based Learning with Portfolio Assessment on Science

Process Skills in Microbiology Course for Biology Program Students

187 Saudah Rahmayanti; Hasruddin; Tumiur Gultom....................................................

The Influence of Teaching Style and Confident Against the Results of a Study of

Shooting in the Game of Football (Experiment Studies the Self Check Style and

the Guided Discovery Style at a Private Junior High School Seventh Grader 191


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Tembung Sabilina)

Muhammad Syaiful; Ramadhan Harahap................................................................

Development of Mirror Writing Teaching Materials Based on Class XI Media

Literation of Lolomatua 1 State High School

195 Yanida Bu'ulolo; Biner Ambarita; Marice..............................................................

The Development of Teaching Materials for Technology- Assisted Procedure

Text in Vocational High School

197 Nova Andarini; Biner Ambarita; Malan Lubis.........................................................

Development of Adobe Flash Based Floor Gymnastics Media Learning on Health

Sport Education Lesson

201 Hardiansyah...............................................................................................................

The Effect of Learning Approach and Linguistic Competence Capability Reading

The English Narative Text of Student SMA Negeri 6 Padangsidimpuan.

206 Sukriyah Batubara; Keysar Panjaitan........................................................... ……….

Analysis Effect of Household Consumption, Investment and Labor to Economy

Growth In Sumatera Utara

209 Richna Handriyani; Arwansyah; Sahyar...................................................................

Idioms Translation Strategies in Pasung Jiwa Novel English Version

213 Hariyanto; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih........................................................................

Code Mixing in Novel: A Case of Indonesian Literary Work

216 Nurul Hidayanti Hasibuan; Amrin Saragih; Sumarsih.............................................

Logico-Semantic Relation in Presidential Debate Between Hillary Clinton and

Donald Trump

221 Annisa Risma Khairani Lubis; Della Fransiska Ginting; Jumino Suhadi................

Semiotic Meanings in Cigarette Advertisement Texts

227 Rodearta Purba; Zainuddin; Amrin Saragih.............................................................

Modality as Hedging Device in the US Presidential Election Debate

232 Roobby Hamdanur; Anni Holila Pulungan; Zainuddiin...........................................

The Improving Mathematical Communication Ability Through Realistic

Mathematical Approach Based on Toba Batak Culture

235 Aman Sanusi Siregar.................................................................................................

Speech Functions of Doctors and Patients on Medical Consultation Process

239 Resti Citra Dewi; Anni Holila Pulungan, Sumarsih..................................................

The Development of Venturimeter Instrumentation in Dynamic Fluid

243 Zahrani Dalimunthe; Rahmatsyah; Derlina..............................................................

Lexical Metaphors in Onang-onang of Bobby and Kahiyang Tortor Dance

246 Siti Rahma Ritonga; Anni Holila Pulungan; Didik Santoso......................................

The Discourse Markers in President Joko Widodo’s Speeches in KTT APEC

China in 2015

249 Syahbuddin Nasution1; Busmin Gurning; I Wayan Dirgayasa Tangkas..................

Preparation of Papers in Two-Column Format for AISTEEL Conference

Proceedings Translator’s Strategies in Transferring Cultural Values in Ratatouille

Film

254 Femy Septiani; Anni Holila Pulungan......................................................................

Lexical Metaphor In Printed Car Advertisements

258 Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih..........................................................

Political Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump Political Speech

263

Elisa Silviani Siregar; Prof. Dr.Zainuddin, M.Hum; Prof.Dr. Sri MindaMurni,

MS...................................................................................... .....................................

Motivation of Farmers in Group Management to Develop Maize Cultivation 267


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Nurliana Harahap; Mahendra Ginting Manik; Indah Listiana................................

Appraisal of Healthy Product Advertisement on Television

274 Nurun Nazipah Harahap; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Rahmad Husein Napitupuluh..........

Lexical Metaphor in Andrea Hirata’s “The Dreamer” Novel

277 Nurul Sa’adah; I Wy. Dirgeyasa; Siti Aisyah Ginting...............................................

Impoliteness Strategies Used by Governor Candidates of DKI Jakarta in Governor

Election Debate 2017

281 Sri Minda Murni; Busmin Gurning……....................................................................

Intertextuality in Travel Umroh Advertisement

287 Afifah Nurul Khoirot Nasution; Anni Holila Pulungan; Eddy Setia.........................

Intertextuality on Oral Discourse in Sari Matua Batak Toba Ceremony

290 Dyan Yosephin Hutagalung; Anni Holila Pulungan; Rahmad Husein.....................

The Effect of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel to Creatine Kinase

Serum in Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Fatigue from Swimming

293 Rika Nailuvar Sinaga; Jumadin IP; Zulaini..............................................................

Analysis of Technology Utilization to Measure The Throw Distance of The Ball

on Hammer Throw

296 Riki Prastian; Agung Sunarno; Sabaruddin Yunis Bangun.......................................

The Interactions of Social Stratification and Karonese Register in Giving Pedah

Pedah Perjabun

300 Elkana Putra Tarigan; Amrin Saragih; Siti Aisyah Ginting.....................................

Implementation Management Training Volleyball Club of Pertamina Year 2017

305 Reza Wibowo; Sanusi Hasibuan; Budi Valianto.......................................................

Lexical Metaphor in Printed Car Advertisements

308 Misdiana; Siti Aisyah Ginting; Amrin Saragih..........................................................

Improving Students’ Reading Comprehension Ability In Descriptive Text

Through Flashcard

309 Aisya Hartati..............................................................................................................

The Role of Teacher’s Training Model and Technological Approach to the

Improvement of Teachers’ Professionalis

312 Intan Sufiah Batubara................................................................................................

The Difficulties of Students at the Second Year of St.Thomas 3 Senior High

School Medan in Translating English Idioms into Indonesian

315 Fitri Susi Sinurat........................................................................................................

The Effect Of Applying The Great Wind Blows Strategy On The Students’

Vocabulary Mastery

321 Gisca Irdayana Lubis.................................................................................................

Attitude of Examiners in Thesis Convocation

325 Mara Sutan Siregar...................................................................................................

Politeness Strategies in Mandailing Wedding Ceremony

329 Nurun Nazipah Harahap; Fatma Raudah Siregar....................................................


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Maintenance of Gayonese Kinship Terms by

Gayonese Minority Migrants in Jabodetabek

Desi Purnama Sari

English Applied Linguistics Study Program

Universitas Negeri Medan

Medan, Indonesia

[email protected]

Siti Aisyah Ginting


Universitas Negeri Medan

Medan, Indonesia

Berlin Sibarani


Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, Indonesia

Abstract—This research was deal with language

maintenance by Gayonese minority migrant in Jabodetabek. The

objective of this study was 1) To analize the kinship terms are

maintained by Gayonese minority migrants in Jabodetabek. 2)To

describe the ways of Gayonese minority migrants in Jabodetabek

in maintaining kinship terms. And 3) To explain the reasons of

Gayonese speakers maintaining their kinship terms in

Jabodetabek. This was descriptive qualitative research, with

observation and interview as the techniques of data collection.

The data of this research were utterances of Gayonese Migrant in

the various events at Jabodetabek. The data were collected by

audio recording by following some steps identifying, focusing and

classifying.

The results of this research showed that there were 25 calling

terms, 21 epithet terms, 9 peraman, 21 and 34 pentalun

terms are maintained. Totally there were 89 kinship terms are maintained by Gayonese Migrants. There were 5 ways of

maintained gayonese kinship term. In each of the way, parent

role is the dominant factor. Attitude, Identity and pride of

culture and the specification of Gayonese Kinship term were

reasonable for Gayonese migrant to maintain it.

Keywords— Gayonese Kinship Term, Language Maintenance,

Minority Migrant

I. INTRODUCTION

Kinship term is a kind of adressee term. Kinship is address

terms which indicate family relationship or blood relations.

Kinship term is a linguistic expressions that speaker use to

appeal directly to their addresses. Kinship term expressed the

politness and respectful to someone in family. Every family

member has different kinship term beside their name. Such as

brother, sister, aunt, uncle, grand mother and grand father. Its

more politenes call them use kinship term then call their name

directly. It is good habitual that show they respectable to

someone adult and show their love to someone young in

family. It is make the family solidarity more stronger.

Every ethnic has different kinship system. Kinship

systems are various, and some systems are richer than others

[1]. Gayonese is one ethnic that has rich terms to addressee

their family member. The Gayonese have many different kind

of kinships that very complicated. In other hand, the

Gayonese kinship terms are specific. They have different way

to call each family member.

Previous study about Gayonese address term by al Gayoni

(2010) found that Gayonese address term is less used and even

tends to be left by its speakers. This study indicated gayonese

Kinship term is endangered [2]. Where the Gayonese people

less to use that terms. If the Gayonese people in their origin

less used their term, then how about the Gayonese people in

the migration place. There are some Gayonese people who

migrate from their homeland to the Jabodetabek. The

Gayonese who migrate to Jabodetabek said by migrants.

Migrants can be minority by ethnic and language perspectives

in the new place minority. Language is important tool to

make a relationship, connection and communication to other

people. Language is the important element for minority

people to live adapt as communication tool and interaction. In

other hand language also one important indicator and

preserver of ethnicity among migrants.

When the people leave their homeland, they have to adapt

the new place include the language. It can be language

contact, where they face new language and the origin language

will be useless. In the new place, the heritage language can be

shifted, lost or still maintained. The use of more than one

language in the same place can make the migrant as minority

in dilemas. When in another place or dealing predominately

with a different culture one must recognize, accept, and adapt

to that culture for acceptance and understanding. It almost

always falls upon the minority to recognize and adapt to the

majority.

In contact situations, it is apparent that migrants live with

the dilemma of two conflicting wants: (a) the want to preserve

their language as part of their heritage and identity, and (b) the

want to be involved within their host community. Enhancing

mailto:[email protected]


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and encouraging the first want may lead to language

maintenance, whereas enforcing the second one may lead

migrants, through generations, to lose proficiency in their

ethnic language and ultimately shift towards the dominant

language.

Gayonese people is one of the ethnic who have great pride

of his culture, especially in language and attitude. In

Jabodetabek, Gayonese speakers use ethnic kinship terms to

negotiate or transform a cultural system and show their ethnic

characteristic.

In order to undergo this research, the data were taken from

gayonese utterances in various events of gayonese at

Jabodetabek. This study focused on gayonese kinship terms

produced by Gayonese migrant at Jabodetabek while they

communicate each other.

Related to the theory about language maintenance by

minority migrant and Gayonese attitude, the researcher need

to do the research about “The maintenance of Gayonese

Kinship Term among generation of gayonese Minority

Migrant at Jabodetabek”. Therefore, this study was aimed to find out:

1. To analize the kinship terms are maintained by Gayonese

minority migrants in Jabodetabek.

2. To describe the ways of Gayonese minority migrants in

Jabodetabek in maintaining kinship terms.

3. To explain the reasons of Gayonese speakers maintaining

their kinship terms in Jabodetabek.

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Theory of Language Contact and Use by Minority Migrant

Language contact is the use of more than one language in

the same place at the same time [3]. Language contact

situations may lead to the emergence of a collective

interlanguage with a population of bilinguals learning and

sometimes shifting to a second language [4]. It is extremely

difficult in such situations to determine either the pace of

change, or the point at which the ‘new’, contact-shaped form

of the language is sufficiently distinct from the ‘old’ form to

merit classification as a separate language.

Rajend inffered that first generation language have

important contribution in maintain the language. They have

responsibility that predicting the language maintenance to the

next generation. Second generation is effective means to

maintain language. But there is no guarantee that language

can be maintain to the next generation, every single generation

have to fought to still maintain the language, and pass to the

next generation [5].

Scotton (2006) divide the pattern of language user based

on generation, as following [5]:

Generation Patern of Language Use

First Generation Speak only their L1 (first language)

Second Generation Speak both their L1 and L2

Third Generation Speak only the L2

B. Theory of Language Maintenance

Language maintenance is the continuing use of a language

in the face of competition from a regionally and socially or

numerically stronger language. Language maintenancec is

generally described as a three-generation process [6].

1. The Factors of Language Maintenance

Some experts said that there are several factors which

explain why language maintenance takes place. The factors

include:

1) concentration of living

2) Identity and pride of culture

3) better economic condition

4) attitude.

5) Ethnic identity

6) parents role

7) Institutional support

8) Demography factor

9) social class

10) Ue their ethnic language at home.

11) Intra-marriage

2. The Strategies to Maintain the Language

Fishman, qouted by fasold and holmes say there are

several ways for someone can maintain vernacular language,

they are:

1. Getting married with the same culture or ethnicity.

2. Publicizing the minority language.

3. Returning back to hometown regularly if the person is an

immigrant in another region.

4. Living closely with families.

5. Gathering with family routinely to give chance of using

the minority language.

6. Creating religious activities that use the minority

language if the minority is used in religious activities,

people usually value the language highly.

7. Using the minority language for education such as in

schools, courses, and universities [7].

C. Gayonese Kinship Term

Gayoness people have rich terms of kinship. They have

different term to address different member of family.

Gayonese Kinship term gayo is divided into several kinds,

there are:

1. Peraman/perinen

Peraman is used for the people who have been married.

The term is aman mayak for a man and inen mayak for a

woman or mayak only. If they have children, the term is

change again become aman/inen nuwin if the child is boy

or aman/inen ipak if the child is girl or aman/inen + the

name of the child.

2. Perasin

Perasin or laqab usually caused the noble character of

someone who stands out like a pious and honest called


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perasin lebe (lebai), alim and ingenious people called cik

serule (great man in serule = term and call against the

clergy of the Kingdom of the phallus)

3. Pentalun

While pentalun (calls specifically) are usually associated

with the name of the place of residence of someone like

tengku, Tengku lelabu. There are pentalun (call) other

connected with:

a. Gender. if ordinary boy called uwin and women

called ipak and this applies to children who are not

yet married

b. Body type and skin color also determines the term or

call on someone. Like, ucak, onot, Utih and item.

This call is the call family and felt the familiar adds.

c. Call “you” within the family between husband and

wife are also divided into the level of smoothness.

The first level is the tengku. The second level is kam

calls more respect than ko.

In this research, Gayoness kinship term clasify such as

nuclear family, extended family, and non blood relatives.

III. METHODOLOGY

This study was conducted by using case study research

design. Case study research is a qualitative approach that

describes and interprets what is concerning with condition or

relationship that exist, opinion that are held, processes that are

going on, effect that are evident, or trends that are developing.

Descriptive qualitative method is used when the researcher

wants to describe the condition and situation of something

specifically [8]. Case study is the preferred strategy when how,

why, and what” question are being asked, or when the

investigator has little control over events, or when the focus is

on contemporary phenomenon within a real life context [9].

This qualitative design attempts to describe what is going on

and what data shows. In this study maintenance of Gayonese

kinship term by minority migrants was described naratively.

The data of the study was the transcribed utterances of

Gayonese minority in various communicative events

happening in Jabodetabek. The source of data in this research

are the Gayonese people who live in Jabodetabek. Gayonese

people who live in Jabodetabek have a community named

“Musara Gayo”. This community gathering is various events

among Gayonese in Jakarta.

The data was analyzed by interactive model classified

officially Miles, Huberman & Saldana. In this analysis, it is by

ongoing analysis and after collecting the entire data. Purpose

an analysis as three concurrent flowed of activity: (1) data

condensation, (2) data display, and (3) conclusion drawing /

verification [10].

IV. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

After analyzing the data, the data were classified based on

the types of kinship terms. There were four types of nuclear

family, extended family, and non blood relatives. And then,

the data classified again based on the unically of Gayonese

Kinship terms that divided by pentalun,perasin, and peraman.

A. Kinship Term are Maintain by Gayonese Migrant

Based on the data analysis found there were 89 Gayonese

kinship term maintained by all generations. The Gayonese

kinship term still used by third generation. It means the

Gayonese kinship term were maintain. Although the number

of kinship terms that used by second and third generation is

not as many as first generation, happened because there are

some terms that not used yet by young generation. All of

Gayonese kinshsip terms maintained by Gayonese migrants

are described as follow:

1. Nuclear Family

A nuclear family is a family unit that consists of father,

mother , and children. Based on the data found 26 terms to

adress nuclear family in gayonese. It can be seen in table

below: TABLE 1 Gayonese Nuclear Family Kinship Term

BO : Birth order

SOB : Size of Body

COS : Colour of Skin

2. Extended Family Kinship Term of Gayo

An extended family is a family that extends beyond the

nuclear family, consisting of parents like father, mother, and

their children, aunts, uncles, and cousins, all living nearby or

in the same household. Based on the data was found 36

Gayonese kinship term of extended family. It can be seen in

table below: TABLE 2 Gayonese Extended Family Kinship Term

3. Non Blood Relatives Extended family


eISSN: 2548-4613

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Non Blood Relatives Extended family is a family member

with whom the reference person does NOT have a "blood

relationship" such as direct or shared descent. Could be used

to describe a relationship created by marriage. Non Blood

Relatives Extended family consist of parents in law, sister and

brother in law and uncle’s and aunt’s couples. Based on the

data was found 15 Gayonese kinship term of extended family.

It can be seen in table below:

TABLE 3 Non Blood Relatives Extended family

From all of table above, it can be conclude that there are

25 tutur panggilan, 21 tutur sebutan, 9 peraman, 21 and 34

pentalun terms are maintained. Totally there are 89 kinship

terms are maintained by Gayonese Migrants.

B. The Ways of Gayonese Migrant Maintenance Gayonese

Kinship Term

There were some strategies of heritage language in

multiple community to be maintained. Based on the data

analysis there were 5 ways of Gayonese migrants in

maintaining Gayonese kinship term. There were:

1. Acquisition of the language by adults that apply by Use

of The Ethnic Mother Tongue at Home

2. Gathering with family routinely (Arisan)

3. Getting Children Involved in Cultural Weding

Ceremony.

4. Contact with homeland that apply by Visiting

Homeland Regularly and social media.

5. Using Gayonese language in Social Meeting.

C. Reason Underlying the Gayonese Migrant Kinship Term

Maintenance

Based on the result of data analysis in the study, not all of

that factors become the reason of gayonese to maintain the

Gayonese kinship term. Attitude is one important reason by

Gayonese to maintain their heritage kinship term. The attitude

expressed by some aspect, such as the awarenes to preserve

their mother tongue, intra-merriage, inter marriage by

Gayonese Man, pride of culture, identity, parents rule,

admiration, and longing the hometown. In addition, the

specific characteristic of Gayonese Kinship term become one

reason of Gayonese to maintain it. So there are 7 reasons

underlying the gayonese migrant kinship term maintenance.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The writer would like to express respectfulness to Prof.

Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd., and Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Hum as

her thesis advisor for guiding her to accomplish her thesis and

for giving useful knowledge and suggestions.

REFERENCES

[1] Wardhough,. 1998. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Third edition. Ronald Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd

[2] Al-Gayoni, Y.U. 2010. Penyusutan Tutur Dalam Masyarakat Gayo Pendekatan Ekolinguistic. Thesis. Medan: Program Pascasarjana USU

[3] Thomason, S.G., 2001. Language Contact. Britain: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.

[4] Yaron Matras. 2009. Language Contact. Cambridge University Press

[5] Mesthrie, Rajend. 2011. The Cambridge Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press

[6] Scotton. 2006. Multiple Voices an Introduction to Billingualism: Blackwell.

[7] Zhang. 2008. Between two generation: Language Maintenance and Aculturation Among Chinese Immigrant Families. Scholarly

[8] Fishman, J. A. 1991. Reversing Language Shift. Clevedon. Multilingual Matters

[9] Burns, N. & Grove, S.K. 1999. Understanding nursing research. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.

[10] Miles, B., M, Huberman, A., Michael & Saldafia, Johhny. 2014. Qualitative Data Analysis: a Methods Sorcebook. 3rd Edition. USA: SAGE

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