PROCEEDINGS - GBV · 20 Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials - I / 421 21 Chemistry and...

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PROCEEDINGS A 1989 International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry NC State University Raleigh, NC May 22-25 Co-sponsors: UNIVERSITATSBIBUOTHEK HANNOVER TECHNiSCHE INFORMATIONSBI3UOTHEK Appita I* n s « * ft CTAPI TAPPI PRESS 1989 TAPPI Technology Park/Atlanta, P.O. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348, USA All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America

Transcript of PROCEEDINGS - GBV · 20 Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials - I / 421 21 Chemistry and...

Page 1: PROCEEDINGS - GBV · 20 Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials - I / 421 21 Chemistry and Chemical Processing of Nonwood Fibers - I / 451 22 Chemistry of Pulping and Bleaching

PROCEEDINGSA

1989International

Symposium onWood and

Pulping ChemistryNC State University

Raleigh, NCMay 22-25

Co-sponsors:

UNIVERSITATSBIBUOTHEKHANNOVER

TECHNiSCHEINFORMATIONSBI3UOTHEK

AppitaI* n s « * ft

CTAPI

TAPPI PRESS1989

TAPPITechnology Park/Atlanta, P.O. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348, USA

All rights reservedPrinted in the United States of America

Page 2: PROCEEDINGS - GBV · 20 Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials - I / 421 21 Chemistry and Chemical Processing of Nonwood Fibers - I / 451 22 Chemistry of Pulping and Bleaching

SHORT CONTENTS

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Session Title / Page Number

Modern Analytical Methods in Wood, Pulping andBleaching Chemistry - I / 1

Chemistry and Physical Chemistry of High Yield Pulping1/21

Chemicals and By-Products from Wood and Wood Components-1 / 3 5

Chemistry of Pulping and Bleaching - 1 / 5 3

Chemistry and Physical Chemistry of High Yield PulpingII / 81

Chemicals and By-Products from Wood and Wood Components-

II / 107

Chemistry of Pulping and Bleaching - II / 133

Chemistry and Physical Chemistry of High Yield PulpingIII / 151Chemicals and By-Products from Wood and Wood Components-Ill / 171

Chemistry of Pulping and Bleaching - III / 193

Modern Analytical Methods in Wood, Pulping andBleaching Chemistry - II / 217

Chemicals and By-Products from Wood and Wood Components-IV / 237

Chemistry of Pulping and Bleaching - IV / 247

Modern Analytical Methods in Wood, Pulping andBleaching Chemistry - III / 275

Chemicals and By-Products from Wood and Wood Components-V / 301

Biosynthesis and Chemical Structure of Wood and WoodComponents / 3 39

Modern Analytical Methods in Wood, Pulping andBleaching Chemistry - IV / 359

7989 Wood and Pulping Chemistry I Hi

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18 Chemicals and By-Products from Wood and Wood Components-VI / 377

19 Chemistry of Pulping and Bleaching - V / 399

20 Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials - I / 421

21 Chemistry and Chemical Processing of Nonwood Fibers - I/ 451

22 Chemistry of Pulping and Bleaching - VI / 497

23 Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials - II / 521

24 Biosynthesis and Chemical Structure of Wood and WoodComponents II / 555

25 Modern Analytical Methods in Wood, Pulping andBleaching Chemistry - V / 577

26 Photochemistry of Lignocellulosic Materials - III /* 599

27 Biosynthesis and Chemical Structure of Wood and WoodComponents III / 615

28 Chemistry of Pulping and Bleaching - VII / 633

29 Biosynthesis and Chemical Structure of Wood and WoodComponents IV / 655

30 Chemistry and Chemical Processing of Nonwood Fibers-II / 667

31 Chemistry of Pulping and Bleaching - VIII / 691

32 Biological and Chemical Aspects of Effluent Treatment /727

33 Chemistry and Chemical Processing of Nonwood Fibers-Ill / 759

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CONTENTS

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Session Title / Page NumberAuthor(s)

Continuous Process Control of Pulping by FTIRSpectroscopy / 10. Faix, R. Patt and H. L. Schubert

Determination of Molecular Height Distributions forCelluloses from Steam and Enzyme TreatedLignocellulosics / 9D. Miller, R. Sutcliffe and J. N. Saddler

Estimation of Diffusion and Distribution of ChemicalCompounds in Wood / 13A. Kreituss, N. Druz, E. Chirkova and I. Luse

Mechanochemistry of Lignin Model Compounds in Pulping,III / 21D. Y. Lee, M. Matsuoka and M. Sumimoto

The Characteristics of Chinese Larch SCMP Fibers / 25C. C. Jiang, X. J. Huo, and D. B. Zou

Structural Changes of Hood and Its Components Initiatedby the Simultaneous Action of Shear Deformation andHigh Pressure / 31J. Gravitis, A. Kokorevics, R. Teeaar and E. Lippmaaand A. Zharov

Engineered Lignin-Containing Materials with MultiphaseMorphology / 35W. G. Glasser, T. G. Rials, S. S. Kelley and T. C. Ward

Self-Condensation of Oxidized Lignosulfonate / 39R. Chen and G. Wu

Graft Copolymerization of MMA onto SGH Using KMnO4 asInitiator / 47S. J. He, B. A. Zhao, G. Z. Zheng, Y. F. Huang and J.Gao

Plenary Lecture: Hood and Pulping Chemistry in theUSSR / 53M. Y. Zarubin, S. M. Shevchenko and A. I. Mikhailov V.V. Musinsky

The Reactivity of Lignin (Model) Quinone Methides / 61J. Ralph

Formations and Reactions of Ether Type LigninCarbohydrate Complex / 69S. Hosoya, H. Taneda and H. M. Chang

1989 Wood and Pulping Chemistry I v

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4-4 Metal Ion Complexes as Pulping Catalysts: Alternativesto Anthraquinone / 75P. A. Watson, L. J. Wright and T. J. Fullerton

5-1 Plenary Lecture: High Yield Pulping - Recent Trends /81G. Goldstein

5-2 Influence of Highly Reactive Lignin structures inSulfonation of CTMP / 87U. Westermark and B. Samuelsson

5-3 The Relative Effect of Lignin Oxidation and Sulfonationin Chemimechanical Pulping of Aspen / 91W. Situ and Y. Z. Lai

5-4 The Kinet ics of Sulphonation and ChromophoreElimination During Short Reaction Times - pHOptimization / 99P. Engstrand, L-A. Hammar and M. Htun

6-1 Plenary Lecture: A Systemic View of Lignin Uses / 107I. Falkehag

6-2 The Kinetics of Macromolecular Kraft Lignin ComplexDissociation / 113T. M. Garver, Jr., M. L. Iwen and S. Sarkanen

6-3 Functionalization of Alkali Lignin / 121G. H. van der Klashorst

6-4 Specific Ion-Exchangers Based on Lignins and theirCharacterization by Silicon-29 NMR Spectroscopy / 127R. Brezny, J. Schraml, J. Cermak, M. M. Micko and L.Paszner

7-1 Delignification of Hood Fibers with Peroxymonosulfate:A Potential New Pulping Process / 133J. L. Minor and E. L. Springer

7-2 Reactions of beta-aryl Ether Lignin Model CompoundsUnder Formic Acid and Peroxyformic Acid PulpingConditions / 139R. M. Ede and G. Brunow

7-3 Chlorine Free Bleaching of Chemical Pulps - ThePotential of Organic Peroxyacids / 145K. Poppius, B. Hortling and J. Sundquist

8-1 Factors Affecting Brightness of SCMP Pulp by Pulpingand Refining / 151J. W. Nye, T. C. Fitkowski, C. H. Tay, R. J. Rooneyand W. Niemi

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The Importance of Radical Reactions for BrightnessIncrease in Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching of MechanicalPulps / 161B. Sjogren, J. Danielsson, P. Engstrand, G.Gellerstedt, H. Zachrison and T. Reitberger

The Hood Extractives in Peroxide Bleaching of SpruceGroundwood / 167R. Ekman and B. Holmbom

Properties and Potential Utilization of Bamboo KraftLignin / 171Q. Hong, D. Tai and X. Zhang

Industrial Application of Straw / 179P. B. Petersen

Viscoelastic Properties of Thermoplasticized Hood / 185D. N.-S. Hon

Plenary Lecture: Basic Principles of Bleaching / 193J. Gierer

NO 2 Treatment of Kraft Pulp Followed by OxygenBleaching / 1950. Samuelson and U. Ojteg

Lignin Activation Improves Oxygen and PeroxideDelignification / 205D. Lachenal, L. Bourson, M. Muguet and A. Chauvet

The Structural Modification of Lignin in Bleaching /211G. Gellerstedt, K. Gustafsson, E. L. Lingfors and D.Robert

Plenary Lecture: 13C NMR Spectroscopic Studies of theDistribution of Erythro and Threo Forms of VariousTypes of O-4 Structures in Lignins / 217M. Bardet, D. Robert and K. Lundquist

Nuclear Spin Diffusion Studies of Spatial RelationshipsBetween Chemical Components of Plant Cell Halls / 221R. H. Newman, G. J. Leary and K. R. Morgan

Substituent Effects on C-13 Chemical Shifts of AromaticCarbons in Phenylcoumaran Type Lignin Model Compounds /225T. Miyakoshi and C.-L. Chen

Carbon-13 Cross Polarization NMR Study of LigninPyrolysis / 233D. P-Veloso, S.A.L. Morais and E. A. Nascimento

7989 Wood and Pulping Chemistry I vii

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12-1 Plenary Lecture: Effect of Amines on the Carbanilationof Cellulose with Phenylisocyanate / 237R. Evans, R. H. Wearne and A. F. A. Wallis

12-2 Controlled Depolymerization of Cellulose in EthyleneGlycol / 243G. Gamier, J. Bouchard, R. P. Overend, E. Chornet andP. F. Vidal

13-1 New Findings on Sulfide Chemistry in Kraft PulpingLiquors / 247D. Tormund and A. Teder

13-2 Effects of Prolonged Cooking on Delignification andPulp Properties Studied by Flow-Through Kraft Cookingand Its Modifications / 2550. Pekkala

13-3 Soda - AQ Delignification of Hardwoods: Reactions,Mechanism, and Dissolved Lignin Characteristics / 263A. D. Venica, C. L. Chen and J. S. Gratzl

13-4 Isothermal Reaction Kinetics on Kraft Delignificationof Douglas Fir / 271V. L. Chiang, J. Yu, R. C. Eckert, M. J. Rea and R.Overend

14-1 Selective Cleavage of Ether Bonds in Lignin byTrimethylsilyl Iodide / 275S. Makino, G. Meshitsuka and A. Ishizu

14-2 Comparison of the Lignins in Kraft and PeroxyacidFibers with Lignins in Corresponding Spent Liquors /279B. Hortling, K. Poppius and J. Sundquist

14-3 Investigations on Residual Lignins and on theDelignification During Organosolv Pulping / 291G. Wegener, A. Lindner and A. Fengel

14-4 Characterization of Lignins Isolated from Ethanol-Alkali and Oxygen-Ethanol-Alkali Treated Pine Hood byFT-IR Spectroscopy / 295C. Hagstrom-Nasi

15-1 A Grafting Reaction for Lignin and the Properties ofSeveral Classes of Products / 301J. J. Meister, D. R. Patil and C. T. Li

15-2 Conversion of Hater Insoluble Lignin with Enzymes inOrganic Solvents / 3170. Milstein, B. Nicklas, J. Trojanowski, A. Majcherczykand A. Huttermann

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15-3 Some Aspects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extractionwith Entrainers of Black Liquor Components / 325D. K. Johnson, H. L. Chum and G. Filardo

15-4 Low Molecular Height Compounds in Pine Kraft BlackLiquors / 331K. Niemela

16-1 Plenary Lecture: Biotechnology in Pulp and PaperManufacture: 1989 International Conference Overview /339T. K. Kirk

16-2 Isolation of O-Methyltransferase Associated with LigninBiosynthesis in Aspen / 345R. C. Bugos, V. L. Chiang and W. H. Campbell

16-3 Lignin Bonding Patterns in Woody Plants / 349N. G. Lewis, R. A. Razal, and E. Yamamoto and J. B.Wooten

17-1 Plenary Lecture: Higher Order Structure of Protoligninin the Cell Hall of Tree Xylem / 359N. Terashima

17-2 Quantitative Estimation of Side-chain Structure ofLignin by Ozonation / 365Y. Matsumoto, N. Habu, K. Minami, A. Ishizu and J.Nakano

17-3 Dissolution of Lignocellulose in Acetyl BromideSolutions - Reaction Mechanisms and Changes inUltraviolet Spectra of Lignins / 369K. Iiyama and A. F. A. Wallis

18-1 Plenary Lecture: Recent Developments in the Use ofTannins as Specialty Chemicals / 377R. W. Hemingway

18-2 Insect Antifeedant from the Abundant BirchbarkTriterpene - Betulin / 387M. D. Bent ley, A. R. Alford, N. L. Lugemwa, M. J.Mendel and F.-Y. Huang

18-3 Research Into the Physico-Chemistry of Tall Oil PitchModified Asphalt Composites / 391P. Peltonen

19-1 Plenary Lecture: Needs and Challenges in Pulping-Oriented Hood Chemistry Research / 399E. Sjostrom

7989 Wood and Pulping Chemistry I ix

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19-2 Mechanistic Studies on the Oxidative-Cleavage Reactionof simple Lignin Model Compounds / 405T. P. Schultz and T. H. Fisher

19-3 Composition and Rate of Dissolution of Hemilignins andBreak-down Products from Glycolignin / 411K. Forss, R. Kokkonen and P-E Sagfors

19-4 Kinetics of Cellulose and Lignin Degradation DuringAcid Bisulphite Process and Possibilities for CookingControl / 413K. Fischer and I. Schmidt

20-1 Plenary Lecture: Photodegradation of Lignin: APhotochemical study OF Bleached CTMP and Lignin ModelMolecules / 421A. Castellan, N. Colombo, P. Fornier de Violet, A.Nourmamode and H. Bouas-Lauret

20-2 Photochemistry of Lignin Models in the Presence ofOxygen / 431I. Forsskahl, H. Tylli and C. Olkkonen

20-3 A New Chromophore in the Photoyellowed White SpruceMechanical Pulp / 441U. P. Agarwal and R. H. Atalla

20-4 Degradation Products Formed During Light- and Heat-Induced Yellowing of Spruce Groundwood / 445B. R. Holmbom, R. Ekman and C. Eckerman

21-1 Plenary Lecture: New Developments in Non-Hood PlantFiber Pulping - A Global Perspective / 451J. E. Atchinson

21-2 The Characteristics of the Lignins and theBleachability of the Soda - AQ Pulps from Wheat StrawFiber and Parenchyma Cells / 473H. Zhai, Z. Lee and D. Tai

21-3 Nature of Spent Liquors From Pulping of NonwoodyFiberous Raw Materials / 485A. G. Kulkarni, R. M. Mathur and A. Ponda

21-4 Hemicellulosic Polymers of Sugar Cane (Saccharumofficinarum) / 493F. Saavedra, J. Monzon and S. Karacsonyi

22-1 Sulfite-Quinone and Sulfite-Oxygen Delignification /497H. Ohi, N. Fukagawa, G. Meshitsuka and A. Ishizu

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The Role of Anthraquinone in Sulfite-AnthraquinonePulping / 503I. D. Suckling

Pulping Catalysts from Lignin / 511D. R. Dimmel, J. C. Wozniak and E. W. Malcolm

Soda-AQ Pulping and Tearing Strength Problem / 515P. J. Nelson and G. M. Irvine

Brightness Stability of Mechanical Pulps: RelatingLaboratory Data to End-Use Performance / 521R. W. Johnson

The Optical Properties of Eight Eastern Canadian WoodSpecies - IV, Brightness Stability / 529J. Lee, J. J. Balatinecz and P. Whiting

Factors Affecting Ambient Thermal Reversion of HighYield Pulps / 535F. McLellan, J. L. Colodette, M. G. Fairbank and P.Whiting

Application of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for theDestruction of Organic Contaminants from a Paper MillAlkali Extraction Process / 547C. S. Turchi, D. F. Ollis and L. Edmundson

Formation and Structure of Lignin in MonocotyledonsStudied by Radiotracer Method / 555L. He and N. Terashima

Formation and Structure of Lignin in Compression Woodof Pine Studied by Microautoradiography / 561K. Fukushima and N. Terashima

Action of Oxygen Radicals in Trees and the DefenseMechanisms / 569K. Fischer, W. Nast and I. Fitting

Stereoisomeric Aspects of Cellulose Chemistry andTechnology / 573N. Y. Kuznetzova, V. A. Avetisov, V. V. Kuzmin and V.S. Nosova

Plenary Lecture: Computer Modeling: The Structure ofGymnosperm Lignin and the Delignification of HemlockWood / 577H. Lange, J. F. Yan, E. W. Kaler, B. Wagner, and J. L.McCarthy

The Role of Carbohydrates in the Origin of Kraft Color/ 585G. C. Ziobro

1989 Wood and Pulping Chemistry I xi

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25-3 Structure Changes of Lignin in Kraft and Acid SulphiteDelignificatino of Western Hemlock / 593V. L. Chiang, K. Kalppo and D. D. Stokke and M. Funaoka

26-1 Plenary Lecture: CP/MAS Carbon-13 NMR Studies ofPhotodegraded Newsprint / 599J. A. Hemmingson, G. J. Leary, K. R. Morgan and R.Newman

26-2 Influence of Metal Ions and Complexing Agents on theColour- Stability of Lignin-Rich Pulps / 603J. Janson and I. Forsskahl

26-3 Observation of Light-Induced Transients inThermomechanical Pulp Using Diffuse - Relectance Laser-Flash Photolysis / 607J. A. Schmidt and C. Heitner, G. P. Kelly and F. W.Wilkinson

27-1 Plenary Lecture: Structural Information Gained fromthe Thioacidolysis of Grass Lignins / 615C. Lapierre and B. Monties

27-2 Formation of Lignin-Carbohydrate Complex Polymer andConnection Points Among Sugar Chains and LigninMarcromolecules / 623T. Koshijima, J. Ohnishi, and T. Watanabe

27-3 Formation of Lignin-Carbohydrate Complex by Glycosidasein Dehydrogenative Polymerization of Coniferyl Alcohol/ 629R. Kondo, T. Sako, T. Iimori and H. Imamura

28-1 Plenary Lecture: New Physicochemical Approaches to theProblems of Hood and Pulping Chemistry / 633A. I. Mikhailov, S. I. Kuzina, S. V. Stovbun, L. D.Kaplun, S. V. Demidov and E. I. Chupka

28-2 Donnan Equilibria in Pulping and Bleaching; SomeConsiderations / 635I. Haglind, K. P. Kringstad and K. E. Almin

28-3 The Electrical Conductance of Pulp Suspensions / 641A. M. Scallan

28-4 Microwave-Assisted Solvent Pulping / 651J. L. Davis and R. A. Young

29-1 Plenary Lecture: Electron Microscopic Studies on theOrigin of Milled Hood Lignin / 655D. Fengel and A. Maurer

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29-2 Stereochemistry of the Structural Elements in Lignin /659K. Lundquist and R. Stomberg

29-3 Alkaline Hydrolysis and Rapid Hydrothermolysis ofHybrid Poplar Lignins / 663F. A. Agblevor and D. G. B. Boocock

30-1 Plenary Lecture: Ultrastructural Aspects of Sugar CaneBagasse Degradation / 667N. Fernandez, 0. Triana, M. Leonard and F. Saavedra

30-2 Study on Mechanisms and Topochemistries During WheatStraw Modified AS and NS Continuous Pulping / 671Y.-X Ben, G-Z. Liu, Y-J. Lee, J-L. Yu and J. X. Chen

30-3 Studies on Soda-Sulfite-AQ Pulping of Wheat Straw / 679Q. Chen and Z. Chen

30-4 Characterization of Residual Lignins in Wheat StrawSoda-AQ Pulp / 685Z. Jiang, D. Tai, Z. Lee, G. Gellerstedt and K.Gustafsson

31-1 Organosolv Pretreatment / 691H. L. Chum, S. K. Black and D. K. Johnson

11-2 Explosion Pulping of Aspen: II. Effect of OperatingConditions on Resulting Paper Properties / 697B. V. Kokta, A. Ahmed, H. Y. Zhan and M. C. Barbe

1-3 Mechanism of Delignification in an AutocatalyzedSolvolysis of Aspen Wood / 709D. K. Gallagher, H. L. Hergert, M. Cronlund and L. L.Londucci

Oxygen-Aceton Wood Pulping Products Characterizationand Mechanism / 719I. P. Deineko, D. V. Evtuguin, M. Y. Zarubin and A.Robert

Decolorization of El-Stage Kraft Bleachery EffluentChromophores by Coriolusversicolor / 727L. R-Arcand, F. S- Archibald and F. Briere

Effects of Sulphate Reduction on Anaerobic Treatment ofCTMP Wastewaters / 735M. Pichon, E. Junet and J. Rouger

Physical/Chemical Treatment of Bleach Plant Effluentswith Emphasis on Chemical Coagulation / 739M. Almemark and 0. Ekengren

1989 Wood and Pulping Chemistry I xiii

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32-4 Bacterial Degradation and Dechlorination of BleachingEffluents - Effect of Hood Species and O2 Bleaching /753C. F. Yin, T. W. Joyce and H. M. Chang

33-1 High Temperature Vapor Phase Cooking of Bamboo(Phyllostachys Pubescens, P. Edulis) / 759K. N. Law

33-2 Studies on Kraft Pulping of Cajanus Cajan: The OverallReaction Pattern / 763J.S. Upadhyaya and S.P. Singh

33-3 A Study of Ozone Bleaching Characteristic of BagasseKraft Pulp / 775W. Y. Ting and D. Z. Yuan

33-4 Ethanolic Pulping of Sugar Cane Bagasse / 781J. Sabatier, A. Irulegui and J. Santo Tomas

Conversion Factors for SI Units / 785

xiv I TAPPI Proceedings