Proceeding stof 1 Unnes International Conference on...

Proceeding of 1st Unnes International Conference on Research Innovation & Commercialization for the Better Life 2015

ISSN: 2460-5832

November 27-28th

, 2015, Semarang, Indonesia

ii

conf.unnes.ac.id/index.php/uicric

1st UNNES INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on Research Inovation dan Commercialitation

for Better Life 2015

Ramayana Ball Room, Patra Jasa Hotel Semarang November 27-28th, 2015

UICRIC © 2015 Research and Community Service InstituteSemarang State University (LP2M UNNES)

ISSN Print 2460-5832, ISSN Online 2460-5492 http://conf.unnes.ac.id/index.php/uicric/uicric2015


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FOREWORD

First, we would like to express our gratitude to Allah Almighty for His blesings so that this proceeding of the

―1ST

UNNES International conference on research and commercialization for better life 2015‖ can be published. These

proceedings consist of all papers presented at the conference on 27th-28th November 2015 at Patrajasa Hotel Semarang

Central Java Indonesia. The papers were internally reviewed by the qualified reviewers.

The theme of the conference was ‖ 1ST

UNNES International conference on research and commercialization

for better life 2015‖. It was expected that through this proceeding, we are able to disseminate the results of studies in the

field of research.

This event invited seven speakers who presented materials closely related to the theme, namely: ........... (by

Prof.Muhammad Nasir), .................. (by Prof. Fathur Rokhman), ............. (by Prof. Prof. Rahim MD.Sail), ...............

(by Joop Van De Flier), …………. (by Asst. Prof. Rotchanatach Darnsawasdi), …………… (Prof. Chow Yang lee) and

.................... (by Dr.Ayami Nakaya). We hope that this proceeding will be beneficial for the society in terms of

education, research, and community services.

Semarang, 26th

November 2015

Editorial Board


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WELCOMING SPEECH FROM THE COMMITTEE CHAIR PERSON

In order to realize the vision of Semarang State University (UNNES) as the University of Conservation with an

international repute, Institute for Research and Community Services (LP2M) establish 1st UNNES International

Conference on Research Innovation and Commercialization (UICRIC) for the better life 2015. This event aims to

increase the number of research publications and improvement of academic atmosphere through improving the quality

of research works which we expect to occur downstream of research results to be a product that can be mass produced

in an attempt to increase the welfare of society in general. It also aims to increase the capacity of researchers in

generating better quality of research proposals in the future.

The scope of the research clusters that will be presented in this international seminar are: Education

Innovations, Science and Technology, Quality of Life and Resource Development, Conservation, and the Art, Culture

and Humanity.

Chairman of the Committee

Evi Widowati, S.KM., M.Kes.


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REVIEW TEAM

Reviewers

1. Prof. Dr. Totok Sumaryanto F.,M.Pd.

2. Prof. Dr. Etty Soesilowati, M.Si.

3. Prof Dr. Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika Prajanti, M.Si.

4. Dr. Subiyanto, M.Si.

5. J. A. van der Flier

6. Prof. Rahim MD. Sail

7. Asst. Prof. Rotchanatch Darnsawasdi


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Contents FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................................................................... iii

WELCOMING SPEECH FROM THE COMMITTEE CHAIR PERSON........................................................................ iv

REVIEW TEAM ................................................................................................................................................................ v

LIST OF PAPER ............................................................................................................................................................... xi

Research and Universities‘ Responsibility to Shape a Better and Sustainable World .................................................... 1

Fathur Rokhman ............................................................................................................................................................ 1

Quality of life and resource development (health and sustainability issues), an overview of the current situation in the

Netherlands .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

J. A. van der Flier .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

River Management based on Local Wisdom: Flood Preparedness in Hatyai, Thailand and Semarang, Indonesia ...... 15

Rotchanatch Darnsawasdi1, Subagyo

2, Dewi Liesnoor Setyowati

1, , Satya Budi Nugraha2, Fidia Fibriana

3 ........... 15

Making Technical, Vocational Education and Training a Premier Choice among Communities with Integration of

Social Skills and Social Values in Technical Subjects ................................................................................................. 22

Rahim M. Sail ............................................................................................................................................................. 22

The Strategies of Tofu and Farmanted Soybean Cake Cooperation in Facing China-Asean Free Trade ..................... 28

Abdullah Ahmed 1, Mohaned Rabee

2, Rusdarti

2 ......................................................................................................... 28

Community-based Ecotourism Model to Improve Welfare Study: Rural Blumah Sub District Plantungan District

Kendal .......................................................................................................................................................................... 35

Apik Budi Santoso, Ananto Aji ................................................................................................................................... 35

Spatial overview of bush and swamp contribution to filariasis evidence in filariasis endemic area ............................ 39

Arum Siwiendrayanti1, Eram Tunggul Pawenang

2, Sofwan Indarjo

3 .......................................................................... 39

Rising Farm Labour Wages in India: Trends, Causes and Impact ............................................................................... 43

B. Suresh Lal1, M. Ravindar

2, A. Venkata Ramana

2 ................................................................................................... 43

The Needs Analysis of Vocational High School (VHS) In Banjarmasin Based on Local Resources Potential ........... 53

Dwi Atmono1, Muhammad Rahmattullah

2 .................................................................................................................. 53

Empowerment Street Children Through Atenho in Semarang City ............................................................................. 62

Emas Agus Prastyo Wibowo1, Lia Inarotut Darojah

2, Aziz Amrullah

3 Nuni Widiarti

4 .............................................. 62

Strategic Policies for Increasing the Competitive Powers of Indonesian Horticultural Products in Asean Markets .... 64

Etty Soesilowati1, Sucihatiningsih DWP

2 ................................................................................................................... 64

Identification of Social Potential in Lok Baintan‘s Floating Market Area ................................................................... 76

Fatimah1, Muhammad Rahmattullah

2, Ellyn Normelani

3, Taufik Hidayat

4 ................................................................ 76

Analysis of Distribution of Local Education and Government Policy Study of Regency Level in Central Java

Province ........................................................................................................................................................................ 81

Firmansyah1, Shanty Oktavilia

2 ................................................................................................................................... 81

Good Governance in Malang Tourism to Improve People‘s Prosperity....................................................................... 89

Ika Nurhayani1, Hipolitus Kewuel

2, Diah Ayu Wulan

3, Ria Yuliati

4 ......................................................................... 89

The Strategy of Development Ecotourism in Conservation Areas in Central Kalimantan Province ........................... 93

Irawan .......................................................................................................................................................................... 93


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The Influence of Pornographic Media Towards Adolescents Sexual Behavior at Public Senior High School in

Bengkulu City ............................................................................................................................................................ 104

Ismiati, Eliana, Mariati .............................................................................................................................................. 104

Rapid Appraisal for Agricultural Land Utilization (RApALU) ................................................................................. 110

Juhadi ........................................................................................................................................................................ 110

Analysis of Determinant Regional Expenditure Allocation In The Autonomy Era In Sumatra ................................. 119

Komsi Koranti1, Mella Sri Kencanawati

2, Elia Dewi Sagita

3 .................................................................................... 119

Religiosity Develop Model Employee As Environmental Control Based Islamic Paradigm ..................................... 124

Kusumantoro1, Ahmad Nurkhin

1, Hasan Mukhibad

2 ................................................................................................ 124

Strategic Policies for Increasing The Competitive Power of Malaysian Fruits .......................................................... 129

Lailawati Mohd Salleh .............................................................................................................................................. 129

Climate Change Impact on the Livelihood of Semarang Coastal Community ........................................................... 137

Nana Kariada Tri Martuti*1)

, Dhita Prasisca Mutiatari1)

, Roni Wijayanto2)

.............................................................. 137

On Community Academy at Tanah Bumbu Regency ................................................................................................ 142

Muhammad Rahmattullah1, Nana Noviana

2, Reza

3................................................................................................... 142

Medicinal Plants in Semarang State University ......................................................................................................... 149

Nugrahaningsih1, ....................................................................................................................................................... 149

Generation of Conservation Based on Green Socioentrepreneurship Education In Order To Achieve Demographic

Dividend as Sustainable Solutions of The Independent Indonesia ............................................................................. 151

Nuriyanti, Imada Cahya Septyaningsih ..................................................................................................................... 151

Strategies for Increasing The Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry in Semarang Regency, Central Java

Province to Face Asean Economic Community ......................................................................................................... 155

Shanty Oktavilia2,

Fafurida1, ...................................................................................................................................... 155

Determinants and Impact of Performance to Achieve a Sustainable Competitive Advantage on SMEs Industrial

Crafts Goods and Arts in Indonesia ........................................................................................................................... 161

Sri Wulan Windu Ratih ............................................................................................................................................. 161

Ecopreneurship Mini Market as the First Step in Creating International Inorganic Waste Management Centre Based

on Entrepreneurship in Indonesia ............................................................................................................................... 171

Tubagus Fahmi1, Sandy Arief

2 .................................................................................................................................. 171

Community based education to improve quality of life: Case study of Muatan Lokal in Indonesia .......................... 178

Ayami Nakaya ........................................................................................................................................................... 178

Serotonine as Biomarker of Lead Contamination in Brass Craftsmen ....................................................................... 181

Aditya Marianti1, A. Anies

2, Henna Rya Sunoko Abdurachim

3 ................................................................................ 181

The Test of the Lethal Effect of Lansium Leaf Extract (Lansium domesticum Correa) as the Electric Liquid Vaporizer

Insecticide Against Aedes aegypti .............................................................................................................................. 185

Arifah Budi Nuryani1, Widya Hary Cahyati

2 ............................................................................................................ 185

Behavior Model of Entrepreneurship on Woman Entrepreneur based on Entrepreneurship Intentions and the Level of

Internet Adoption on SMEs in West Java .................................................................................................................. 189

Bambang Gunawan H.1, Prihantoro

2, Sri Wulan Windu Ratih

3 ................................................................................ 189


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Opportunity of Free Open Source ERP System as a Competitive Advantage for Small and Medium Enterprise ..... 195

Dionisya Kowanda1, Muhammad Firdaus

2, Rowland Bismark Fernando Pasaribu

3 ................................................. 195

Reconceiving franchise business formations paradigms for better business competitiveness.................................... 207

Dorojatun Prihandono ............................................................................................................................................... 207

Biological Control of Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with Entomopatogen Nematodes ............. 212

Dyah Rini Indriyanti 1, Priyantini Widiyaningrum

1, Lita Dafosa

1, Haryuni

2 ......................................................... 212

Design of Evacuation Maps as A Disaster Preparedness in Trangkil Semarang City ................................................ 215

Evi Widowati............................................................................................................................................................. 215

Personal Values Effect on Intention and Usage Behavior of E-Procurement in Government Institution .................. 220

Hery Suliantoro ......................................................................................................................................................... 220

Proposing A Study on Global Water Sustainability Reporting .................................................................................. 229

Indah Fajarini Sri Wahyuningrum ............................................................................................................................. 229

Optimization Extraction Process of Winged Bean (Psophocarus tetragonolobus L.) Protein Using Respond Surface

Methodology .............................................................................................................................................................. 231

Indah Riwayati 1*

, Helmy Purwanto 2, Suwardiyono

4 .............................................................................................. 231

Comparative Study Relation of CPO Rendemen to FFB Production Risk In the Plantation Company with Different

Performance ............................................................................................................................................................... 235

Lili Dahliani .............................................................................................................................................................. 235

Optimization of Hydrolysis for Production The Substance of Color Indigo by Enzyme Cellulase Using Response

Surface Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 238

Prima Astuti Handayani1, Megawati

2, Wara Dyah Pita Rengga

3 .............................................................................. 238

Exploration bacteria trash of Rawasari and Bantar Gebang Indonesia as a superior candidat of compost bacterial

agent ........................................................................................................................................................................... 241

Rini Puspitaningrum1, Mohamad Irfan

1, Mohamad Isnin Noer

1, Gilang Ainan

1, Ria Amelia

1, Gladies Neolaka

1,

Shuhei Yabe2, Yasuteru Sakai

2, Masaru Hazaka

2, Dalia Sukmawati

1, Muzajjanah

1, Yokota Akira

2....................... 241

The Effects of Isoflavone on Antioxidant Status in The Serum of Rats DMBA-Induced Breast Cancer and Treated

With Tempe ................................................................................................................................................................ 246

Siti Harnina Bintari1, Tuti Widianti

1, Kartika Nugraheni

2 ........................................................................................ 246

Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extract from Mahogany Seeds (Swietenia macrophylla, King) ....................... 249

Sri Mursiti*, Supartono ............................................................................................................................................. 249

Photocatalytic Activity and Antimicrobial Properties of TiO2-SiO2-PVA Composite ............................................... 252

Sri Wahyuni1,a)

, Agung Tri Prasetya2, b)

..................................................................................................................... 252

The Potency Of Household Contacts As Peer Support To Decrease The Number Of Tuberculosis Prevalence ....... 257

Suharyo1, Kismi Mubarokah

2 .................................................................................................................................... 257

Ground Acceleration in Yogyakarta Based on Earthquake Data ............................................................................... 260

Supriyadi1, Khumaedi

2, Agus Susilo

3........................................................................................................................ 260

Typology of Coastal Areas and Effect on Mangrove Vegetation Distribution in The Zone Sediment Cell Between

River yo River Comal- Bodri Central Java ................................................................................................................ 264

Tjaturahono Budi Sanjoto ......................................................................................................................................... 264


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Residual Pesticide Study on Shallot Cultivation ........................................................................................................ 270

Ubad Badrudin1)

, Bambang Suryotomo 1)

Budi Prakoso 2)

........................................................................................ 270

The Power of Online Consumer Community: an Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) Perspectives ..................... 273

Yusye Milawaty ........................................................................................................................................................ 273

Facial Expression Recognition by Using Wavelet Based Approach .......................................................................... 277

Zaenal Abidin1, Alamsyah

2 ....................................................................................................................................... 277

Factor Analysis of Student Motivation to Learn ........................................................................................................ 281

Sri Hermawati1, Miftahul Jannah

2 ............................................................................................................................. 281

Model Women Empowerment through the Role and Potential of Women Cadres in Political Parties and the Effect on

Economic of Women .................................................................................................................................................. 286

Ary Natalina1, Syntha Noviyana

2, Winda Widya Ariestya

3 ...................................................................................... 286

Art, Culture and Humanity ......................................................................................................................................... 290

Suyahmo .................................................................................................................................................................... 290

Ornaments in Mantingan Mosque and Tomb: Analysis of Form, Function, and Symbolic Meaning ........................ 296

Muh Fakhrihun Na'am ............................................................................................................................................... 296

Determinants of Upper Secondary School Dropout in Central Java Province, Indonesia: A Gender-differentiated

Approach .................................................................................................................................................................... 303

Andryan Setyadharma1, Hans-Jürgen Engelbrecht

2, Hatice O. Balli

3 ....................................................................... 303

The Development of Visual Media-Based History Room with Semarang Local History Theme in History Learning

.................................................................................................................................................................................... 314

Andy Suryadi & Tsabit Azinar Ahmad ..................................................................................................................... 314

Student‘s Mental Health Problems Assessment and Teacher‘s Mental Health State at Primary School ................... 319

Anna Undarwati 1, Nuke Martiarini

2, Binta Mu‘tiya Rizki

3 .................................................................................... 319

The Development of Badminton Agility Test ............................................................................................................ 325

Donny Wira Yudha Kusuma1,2

, Hermawan Pamot Raharjo2..................................................................................... 325

Scientific Approach Based Worksheet For Physics Used to Develop Senior High School Students Characters ....... 336

Dwi Yulianti , Siti Khanafiyah, Pratiwi Dwijananti .................................................................................................. 336

The Importance of Researching Teachers‘ Social Emotional Competencies in an Indonesian Context .................... 343

Edilburga W. Saptandari1, Shane T. Harvey

1, Alison Sewell

2, David T. Bimler

3 ..................................................... 343

Sport in Education System: a comparative study ....................................................................................................... 347

Johansyah Lubis1, Eva Julianti

2 ................................................................................................................................. 347

Pitching Biomechanics and Injury Prevention to Improving Performance for Young Baseball Pitchers – A review 356

Fajar Awang Irawan1, Chuang Long-Ren

2 ................................................................................................................ 356

Habitus, Space Influence, The Activity and Social Construction of Teacher to The MGMP .................................... 360

Hamdan Tri Atmaja ................................................................................................................................................... 360

The Production Process of Manipulative for Commercial Purpose to Support the Success of Implementation of the

School Mathematics Curriculum in Indonesia ........................................................................................................... 364

Isti Hidayah1)

, Sugiarto2)

, Dwijanto3)

, and Margunani4)

............................................................................................ 364


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Development of Entrepreneurship Education Management Model Based Local Excellence on Vocational High

School ......................................................................................................................................................................... 369

Joko Widodo1, Samsudi

2, Trisnani Widowati

3 .......................................................................................................... 369

The Importance of Financial Education for Vocational School Students in Indonesia .............................................. 374

Kardoyo1, Widiyanto

2, Partono Thomas

3, Khasan Setiaji

4 ........................................................................................ 374

Learning Dance Through Appreciation and Creation Approach In Public Schools ................................................... 379

Malarsih ..................................................................................................................................................................... 379

Character Hermitage: The Development Model of Character Reinforcement Management Locus ........................... 383

Maman Rachman, Aris Munandar, Andi Hardiyanto ................................................................................................ 383

Multy Teaching Method On History Lesson .............................................................................................................. 387

R. Soelistijanto .......................................................................................................................................................... 387

The Contrastive Verb of Paser Language ................................................................................................................... 390

Rika Istianingrum1, Khizwar Muthmainah

2 .............................................................................................................. 390

Students‘ Achievement On Entrepreneur Subject Matter At Fashion Technology Study Program By Applying

Project-Based Learning .............................................................................................................................................. 397

Sicilia Sawitri1, Ade Novi Nurul Ichsani

2, Siti Nurrohmah

3 ..................................................................................... 397

Forming Arabic Linguistics Terms (Analysis of Morphology and Syntax) ............................................................... 404

Singgih Kuswardono Ph.D candidate from Institute of Arab Reseach & Studies Cairo Egypt ................................. 404

Prevention and Control of Academic Plagiarism Based on Information Technology ................................................ 408

Siti As‘adah Hijriwati1, Achmad Soeharto

2, Dwi Edi Wibowo

3 ............................................................................... 408

Mung Bean Biscuits For Early Childhood ................................................................................................................. 411

Siti Fathonah1, Fahriza Arifianty Muvida

2 ............................................................................................................... 411

Development of Chemsitry Teacher Professionalism Through Pedagogical Content Knowledge Training .............. 415

Sri Haryani1, Sri Wardani

2, Agung Tri Prasetya

3 ...................................................................................................... 415

The Self Concept in Children with Asthma to Participation in Physical Activity ...................................................... 421

Sri Sumartiningsih12

.................................................................................................................................................. 421

Development of Industry Practice Model in Vocational High School Based Entrepreneurship ............................... 423

Sunyoto1, Muhammad Khumaedi

2 ............................................................................................................................ 423

Effect of Use Learning Resources and Learning Motivation for Learning Outcomes Science Subject on Open Junior

High School ................................................................................................................................................................ 426

Susetyo Widiasmoro1, Trisnani Widowati

2, Dwi Purwanti

3 ...................................................................................... 426

Forms, Development and The Application of Music Media in The Kindergartens: A Comparative Study of Two

Kindergartens in Semarang ........................................................................................................................................ 430

Totok Sumaryanto F & Udi Utomo ........................................................................................................................... 430

Creativity of Students in Creating Ornaments/Accessories Hair with Waste Material .............................................. 434

Trisnani Widowati1, Endang Setyaningsih

2, Musdalifah

3 ......................................................................................... 434

Song as A Means to Convey Educational Messages for Preschool Students ............................................................. 439

Wadiyo ...................................................................................................................................................................... 439


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LIST OF PAPER Volume

1 QUALITY OF LIFE AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

No Name Paper Title

1 Joop A. Van der

Flier

Quality of Life and Resource Development (Health and Sustainability Issues), an

Overview of the Current Situation in the Netherlands

2 Rotchanatch

Darnsawasdi

River Management based on Local Wisdom: Flood Preparedness in Hatyai, Thailand

and Semarang, Indonesia

3 Abdullah Ahmed The Strategies of Tofu and Farmanted Soybean Cake Cooperation in Facing China-

Asean Free Trade

4 Apik Budi Santoso Community-based Ecotourism Model to Improve Welfare Study: Rural Blumah Sub

District Plantungan District Kendal

5 Arum

Siwiendrayanti

Spacial Overview of Bush and Swamp Contribution to Filariasis Evidence in Filariasis

Endemic Area

6 B Suresh Lal Rising Farm Labour Wages in India: Trends, Causes and Impact

7 Dwi Atmono The Needs Analysis of Vocational High School (VHS) in banjarmasin Based on Local

Resources Potential

8 Emas Agus Prastyo

Wibowo

EMPOWERMENT STREET CHILDREN THROUGH ATENHO IN SEMARANG

CITY

9 Etty Soesilowati THE COMPETITIVE POWERS OF INDONESIAN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS

IN ASEAN MARKETS

10 Fatimah Identification of Social Potencies in Lok Baintan's Floating Market Area

11 Firmansyah Analysis of Distribution of Local Education and Goverment Policy: Study of Regency

Level in Central Java Province

12 Ika Nurhayani Good Governance in Malang Tourism to Improve People's Prosperity

13 Irawan The Strategy of Development Ecotourism in Conservation Areas in Central Kalimantan

Province

14 Ismiati The Influence of Pornographic Media Towards Adolescents Sexual Behavior at Public

Senior High School in Bengkulu City

15 Juhadi RAPID APPRAISAL FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND UTILIZATION (RApALU)

16 Komsi Koranti Analisis Determinan Alokasi Belanja Daerah Dalam Era Otonomi Pada Kabupaten /

Kota di Sumatera

17 Kusumantoro Religiosity Develop Model Employee as Environmental Control Based Islamic

Paradigm

18 Lailawati Mohd

Salleh Strategic Policies for Increasing the Competitive Power of Malaysian Fruits

19 Nana Kariada Tri

Martuti Climate Change Impact on the LIvelihood of Semarang Coastal Community

20 Nana Noviana Study of the Establishment Planning on Community Academy at Tanah Bumbu

Regency

21 Nugrahaningsih WH MEDICINAL PLANT IN SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY

22 Nuriyanti

GENERATION OF CONSERVATION BASED ON GREEN

SOCIOENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION IN ORDER TO DEMOGRAPHIC

DIVIDEND AS SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION INDEPENDENT INDONESIA

23 Shanty Oktavilia Strategies for Increasing The Competitiveness of Manufacturing Industry in Semarang

Regency, Central Java Province to Face Asean Economic Community

24 Sri Wulan Windu

Ratih

Determinant of Performance and Its Impact Through Meditation Sustainable

Competitive Advantage on SMEs Batik and Handicraft

25 Tubagus Fahmi Ecopreneurship Mini Market as the First Step in Creating International Inorganic Waste

Management Centre Based on Entrepreneurship in Indonesia

26 Ayami Nakaya Community based education to improve quality of life: Case study of Muatan Lokal in

Indonesia


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Volume

2

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

ART, CULTURE, AND HUMANITY

No Name Paper Title

1 Aditya Marianti Serotonine as Biomarker of Lead Contamination in Brass Craftsmen

2 Arifah Budi Nuryani KILLING POWER OF ELECTRIC LIQUID ANTI MOSQUITO OF LANSIUM LEAF

EXTRACT (Lansium doemesticum Correa) On Aedes aegypti

3 Bambang Gunawan

H

Behavior Model of Entrepreneurship on Woman Entrepreneur based on

Entrepreneurship Intentions and the Level of Intenet Adoption on SMEs's in West Java

4 Dionysia Kowanda Opportunity of Free Open Source ERP System As a Competitive Advantage for Small

and Medium Enterprise

5 Dorojatun

Prihandono

Reconceiving Franchise Business Formations Paradigms for Better Business

Competitiveness

6 Dyah Rini Indriyanti Biological Control of Oryctes rhinoceros L. (coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with

Entomopatogen Nematodes

7 Evi Widowati Design of Evacuation Maps as a Disaster Preparedness in Trangkil Semarang City

8 Hery Suliantoro Personal Values Effect on Intention and Usage Behavior of E-procurement in

Goverment Institution

9 Indah Fajarini Sri

Wahyuningrum Proposing a Study on Global Water Sustainability Reporting

10 Indah Riwayati Optimization Extraction Process of Winged Bean Protein Using Respond Surface

Methodology

11 Lili Dahliani Comparative Study Relation of CPO Rendemen to FFB Production Risk in the

Plantation Company with Different Performance

12 Prima Astuti

Handayani

Optimization of Hydrolysis for Production The Substance of Color Indigo by Enzyme

Cellulase Using Response Surface Methodology

13 Rini Puspitaningrum Exploration Bacterial Trash of Rawasari and Bantar Gebang from Indonesia as a

Superior Candidat of Compost Bacterial Agent

14 Siti Harnina Bintari The Effects of Isoflavone on Antioxidant Status in the Serum of Rats DMBA-Induced

Breast Cancer and Treated With Tempe

15 Sri Mursiti Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extract from Mahogany Seeds (Swietenia

macrophylla, King)

16 Sri Wahyuni Silica-titania nanocomposite as anti-microbial agent

17 Suharyo The Potency of Houshold Contacts as Peer Support to Decrease The Number of

Tuberculosis Prevalance

18 Supriyadi GROUND ACCELERATION IN YOGYAKARTA BASED ON EARTHQUAKE

DATA

19 Tjaturahono Budi

Sanjoto

Typology of Coastal Areas and Effect on Mangrove Vegetation Distribution in The

Zone Sediment Cell Between River to River Comal - Bodri Central Java

20 Ubad Badrudin Residual Peticide Study on Shallot Cultivation (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Brebes

District

21 Yusye Milawaty The Power of Online Consumer Community : An Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)

Perspectives

22 Zaenal Abidin Facial Expression Recognition by Using Wavelet Based Approach

23 Sri Hermawati Factor Analysis of Student Motivation

24 Syntha Noviyana Model Women Empowerment Through The Role And Potential of The Women Cadres

in Political Parties And The Effect On The Economic of Women

25 Suyahmo ART, CULTURE AND HUMANITY

26 Muh Fakhrihun

Na'am

Ornaments in Mantingan Mosque and Tomb: Analysis of Form, Function, and

Symbolic Meaning


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Volume

3 EDUCATION INNOVATIONS

No Name Paper Title

1 Rahim M. Sail Making Technical, Vocational Education and Training a Premier Choice among

Communities with Integration of Social Skills and Social Values in Technical Subjects

2 Andryan

Setyadharma

Determinates of Upper Secondary School Dropout in Central Java Province, Indonesia:

A Gender-differentiated Approach

3 Andy Suryadi Development of History Room Based Visual Media and Themed Local History of

Semarangn in History Learning

4 Anna Undarwati STUDENT‘S MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS ASSESSMENT AND TEACHER'S

MENTAL HEALTH STATE AT PRIMARY SCHOOL

5 Donny Wira Y. K. The Development of Badminton Agility Test

6 Dwi Yulianti Scientific Approach Based Worksheet for Physics Used to Develop Senior High School

Students Characters

7 Edilburga W.

Saptandari

The Importance of Researching Teachers' Social Emotional Competencies in an

Indonesian Context

8 Eva Yulianti Sport in Education System : a Comparative Study

9 Fajar Awang Irawan Comprehensive Pitching Biomechanics and Injury Prevention for Young Baseball

Pitchers-A review

10 Hamdan Tri Atmaja Habitus, Space Influenced the Activity, and Social Construction of Teacher to the

MGMP (Subject Matter Teachers Meeting) history in central Java

11 Isti Hidayah The Production Process of Manipulative for Commercial Purpose to Support the

Success of Implementation of the School Mathematics Curriculum in Indonesia

12 Joko Widodo Development of Entrepreneurship Education Management Model Based Local

Excellence on Vocational High School

13 Kardoyo The Importance of Financial Education for Vocational Schools Students in indonesia

14 Malarsih Learning Dance Through Appreciation and Creation Approach in Public Schools

15 Maman Rachman Character Hermitage: The Development Model of Character Reinforcement

Management Locus

16 R Soelistjanto Multy Method Teaching on History Lesson

17 Rika Istianingrum Constrative of Paser Verbal Language with Indonesia Verbal Language

18 Sicilia Sawitri Student's Achievement on Entrepreneur Subject Matter at Fashion technology Study

Program by Applying Project-Based

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PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM BASED ON

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Personal Values Effect on Intention and Usage Behavior of E-Procurement in Government

Institution Hery Suliantoro

Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

[email protected]

Abstract—The main purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the influence of personal values on the adoption of e-Procurement in government institutions. The research design used is a survey research. The theoretical model is empirically tested with data collected from 130 work units involving 185 respondents from across the local government institutions in Central Java, Indonesia. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results show the influence of personal values on the adoption of e-Procurement in government institutions. The study results suggest that perceived behavioral control affects on usage behavior of e-Procurement, but self-efficacy more affects on intention toward e-Procurement. Other findings, past experience and social learning of personal do not affect the intention toward e-Procurement. This paper offers a model of development for the government adoption of e-Procurement in government institutions through a personal approach. Implementation of e-Procurement requires personal capability to adopt the technology. This paper is a study on the adoption of e-Procurement in the public sector that involves personal factors as the main determinants of technology in performing of adoption behavior. The study's findings provide insight the importance to involve the champion persons in government institution to diffuse the e-Procurement.

Keywords— e-Procurement, adoption, personal values

INTRODUCTION

E-Procurement is one of the major topics in the area of

e-Government. Procurement of goods and services

electronically (e-Procurement) is one of the mechanisms

to realize the values of good governance. E-Procurement

in the public sector is the adoption of the successful

implementation of e -procurement in the private sector or

business.

Popularity of internet use has significantly affected the

institution intention to apply e-Procurement. This

technology is considered necessary to be implemented in

the public sector in order to realize the values of good

governance, such as transparency, accountability, and

integrity in the procurement of goods and services

(Vaidya, 2006). Vulnerability discovered from the

previous system has led to the development of e-

Procurement in the government (Matthews, 2005).

According to the issue about public accountability of

conventional procurement process also becomes an

ethical issue. The procurement of goods and services is

the most significant activity of the government, not only

in terms of the amount of activity, but also the funds

allocated (Moon, 2005).

At first, the implementation of e-Procurement in the

public sector is expected to increase the efficiency of

public organizations such as the business sector. E-

Procurement in turn also expected to establish a national

internet-based market (Oliviera and Amorim, 2001). In

addition to efficiency, the application of e-Procurement in

the government also intended to increase the

effectiveness, transparency and fairness (equity) between

citizens in the provision of goods and services (Dooley

and Purchase, 2006; Majdalawich and Bateman, 2008).

Some studies reported the critical success factors of e-

Procurement adoption process and produce different

conclusions. The factors inhibiting the implementation of

e-Procurement in the public sector especially is a problem

employee skills in running an e-Procurement (MacManus,

2002). Other also note that performance management will

determine the success of the development of e-

Procurement (Reddick, 2004). In his research, Moon

(2005) argued that the greater the size of the organization

and the innovative culture of the organization will be

more active in the government to adopt a wide range of e-

Procurement.

Further, factor "human" by Vaidya et.al (2006)

assessed as the most prominent factors in successful

implementation of e-Procurement. Dooley and Purchase

(2006) expressed the strong positive effect of

participation and attention provider of goods/services to

the implementation of e-Procurement. Other different

conclusions stated by Walker and Harland (2008) that

type of organization, organizational readiness to initiate e-

Procurement, the procurement strategy, procurement

documentation and information technology influence the

adoption of e-Procurement.

To answer these differences, this study proposed a

personal value perspective as one of the main factors that

determine the adoption of e-Procurement in government

institutions

LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature has provided a number of studies to

examine the main determinants of technology adoption.

Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) proposed by Fishbein

and Ajzen (1975) stated that individual behavior is driven

by the intention of the individual to such behavior.

Intention is determined by individual attitudes toward the

behavior and by subjective norms from the outside in the

form of social pressure. Ajzen (1985, 1991) proposed


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Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) by adding the

construct of perceived behavioral control to eliminate the

limitations of the TRA in dealing with behavior in which

a person cannot fully able to control their desires. Hall

(1979) in the Concerns-Based Adoption Model (CBAM)

states that the integration of innovation is influenced by

how much individual attention to innovation. One of the

assumptions of this model that is the innovation is a

process that requires growth and development (Hord,

Rutherford, Huling-Austin, & Hall, 1987). The basic

components of this model are the individual

characteristics and the characteristics of the innovation.

Based on the TRA, Davis (1989) proposes

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). According to this

model, the use of technology is influenced by the

individual's intentions toward technology. This intention

is determined by how the individuals attitude (positive or

negative feelings) for these technologies. This attitude is

dependent on the individual's perception of ease

(perceived ease of uses) and usability (perceived

usefulness). Other studies that use the TRA / TPB are

included using the software Lotus 123 at the University

(Mathieson, 1991); word processing software business

graphics program (Davis, 1992), the use of technology in

the University Computer Center (Taylor and Todd, 1995);

interactive online help desk system (Venkantesh, 2000a);

proprietary system, windows based system, customer

account management system, financial system

(Venkantesh, 2000b), the world wide web and the internet

(Moon and Kim, 2001); touch screen ordering system

(Dabholkar & Bagozzi, 2002).

Referring to the CBAM, IDT, TAM and UTAUT

about technology adoption, Straub (2009) draws the

general conclusion that the adoption of technology is a

complex process, socially embedded, influenced by the

perception of the uniqueness of the individual and

involves the cognitive, emotional and contextual. Some

research on the adoption of e-Procurement is still partially

involves several aspects that influence technology

adoption.

Based on these theories, models and research about

technology adoption and e-Procurement, the focus of this

study is to prove that in the government institutions, the

personal aspect has influence on individual decision to

adopt e-Procurement.

RESEARCH MODEL

Intention towards e-Procurement

Fishbein & Ajzen (1975) stated that the intention is a

closest cognitive antesenden to the actual behavior.

Several studies showed the relationship between intention

and behavior is highly correlated (Armitage & Conner,

2001; Notani, 1998; Shepherd, Hartwick & Warshawa,

1988). Research conducted by Davis et al., (1989), Taylor

and Todd (1995); Venkatesh and Davis (2000) also

showed that this intention is a good predictor of the use of

technology. Several other studies also used the intention

in predicting the behavior of the use of technologies such

as intention to use (Mathieson, 1991), behavioral

intention (Taylor and Todd, 1995) and behavioral

intention to use (Zolait, AH and Mattila, M., 2009). Thus

the following hypothesis:

H1: Intention towards e-Procurement has a positive effect

on the usage behavior of e-Procurement

Social Learning

Each individual is able to learn not only from their

own experience but also from the experience of their

surroundings (Bandura, 1986). The ability of humans to

learn what happened to someone else to be one of the

basic concepts of social cognitive theory.

In connection with the adoption and diffusion, social

learning has two important roles. First, through modeling,

experiences of others who succeed or not succeed in using

the technology will affect other parties. Secondly, a few

years earlier, modeling conceptualized as a real

phenomenon but technological developments lately and

access to a broad mass media, resulted in that learning

from other people's experiences also occur in the form of

symbols of nature (Bandura, 2001). Social learning does

not just affect the decision whether or not to adopt the

technology, but the widespread use of the internet,

television and radio and even cell phone use has expanded

the area of the possibility.

Rogers (1995) stated the information channel is an

important factor supporting the diffusion of innovation.

Information on the innovations delivered from an

individual to another individual through direct or indirect

communication (group and the mass media). The process

of diffusion of innovation will take place if there are any

support from the social system in the form of a working

environment, group of organizations, informal groups or

subsystems other group. Based on the literature review

then the hypothesis is as follows:

H2: Social learning has a positive effect on intention

toward e-Procurement

Self-efficacy

Self-efficacy is a self confidence in the ability of

organizing and carrying out a series of actions required to

produce a particular achievement (Bandura, 1997). Self-

efficacy is always thinking ahead to the decisions based

on personal ability. In the context of the adoption of

technology, Burkhardt (1994) stated that self-efficacy is

an individual beliefs about the ability to use certain

technologies. Burkhardt (1994) suggested a link between

the frequency of computer use with self-efficacy.

Several other researchers also stated the importance of

self-efficacy as predictors to explain the use of the system

that need to be involved in research on technology

adoption (Agarwal et al., 2000). Compeau, Higgins and

Huff (1995) stated that self-efficacy is an individual

assessment on its ability to use technology in a variety of

specific situations. Thus, individual with levels of high

self-efficacy has a more positive view of the technology

and use it with a higher frequency (Compeau et al., 1999;

Venkatesh and Davis, 1996).


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Several other studies have also found evidence of the

relationship between self-efficacy with the adoption of

high-tech products (Hill, Smith and Mann, 1986), the use

of register-based computers at the university and study

computer languages (Hill et. al, 1987) and the adoption of

technological innovation (Burkhardt and Brass, 1990). All

the results of the study suggested that further research to

fully explore the role of self-efficacy in computer

technology adoption behavior.

The next hypothesis as follows:

H3: Self-efficacy has a positive effect on intention


Internal Locus of Control

Locus of control is the belief of individuals to control

whether or not capable of self-determination which is an

individual's control over their work and their confidence

in the success of the self (Rotter, 1966). Someone has a

tendency to both internal and external locus of control.

Individuals with an internal locus of control more

powerful, believe that they are responsible for the

achievement of his life and has a high degree of control

over the success of his life. Conversely, someone with an

external locus of control believes that higher surrounding

circumstances beyond their control and the results

achieved are not the result of ability and work.

The individual is said to have an internal locus of

control if it has confidence that fate or event in his life

was under control of himself (Robbins and Judge, 2007);

Kreitner & Kinichi, (2005); Slavin (1986). Individuals

with an internal locus of control were identified more

rested their hopes on themselves and also prefers the

identified skills rather than just a favorable situation.

Internals are individuals who believe that they are in

control over anything else that happens to them. Externals

are individuals who believe that whatever happens to

them is controlled by outside forces such as luck and

opportunity.

In the context of the adoption of technology, internal

locus of control characterizes someone who has the

confidence that they are responsible for the behavior of

their work in the organization. This study offers

orientation control of the products in the form of internal

locus of control as factors that affect the value of

individual initiative of the use of technology. Individuals

with self-control orientation internals have personal value

such as the belief that they should be responsible for the

conduct of their work in the organization. Awareness of

personal responsibility for the performance of these

initiatives encourages them to use certain ways better

through technology.

Based on the literature review then the hypothesis is

as follows:

H4: Internal locus of control has a positive effect on

intention toward e-Procurement

Past Experiences

Past experience is the determining factor of behavior

(Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). However, several studies on

the effect of past experiences on the intentions and

behavior of technology adoption do not give firm

conclusions about the direct influence of these factors on

the adoption and behavioral intentions. Most studies only

found evidence that the experience of acting as a

moderator variable.

Taylor and Todd (1995) stated that perceived

usefulness, attitude toward behavior and perceived

behavioral control over increasing influence on the

intention with increased experience. Karahanna et al.

(1999) used the theory of reasoned action stated that

increasing experience, the influence of attitude becomes

critical in shaping behavior, while subjective norm

becomes a factor that is not prominent in shaping

behavior when the higher experience.

Similar results were also delivered by Szajna (1996) to

prove empirically that the ease of use of the technology

becomes insignificant if the experience is increasing. In

line with the above results, Venkantesh (2000) proved

empirically that the experience proved to moderate the

relationship between subjective norms and intention,

subjective norm becomes significant with increasing

experience.

This study constructs filed past experience that draws

on the experience in the form of an introduction to the

technology level and the worse experience ever

experienced associated with the use of technology and the

implementation of tasks.

Based on the literature review then the hypothesis is as

follows :

H5: Past experience has a negative effect on intention


Perceived Behavioral Control

Individual behavior is self-willingness and is not

influenced by the external environment (Sheppard,

Hartwick and Warshawa, 1988). Thus a person can

control their own behavior and consider the order of the

results of such behavior behind these actions (Ajzen,

1987).

However, not all individual behavior is under the

control of its own volition. One cannot fully able to

control their willingness to perform certain behaviors

because of constraints or difficulties experienced by the

individual to perform the behavior. Ajzen (1991) defined

the assessment as perceived behavioral control (PBC) is

the individual's perception of the ease or difficulty in

shaping the behavior of interest.

In the context of the adoption of the technology, prior

to using the new technology of individuals will assess the

possibility that they are not able to overcome obstacles in

using these technologies. Some research on technology

adoption involves the construct of perceived behavioral

control is as a direct predictor of the use of technology.

Mathieson (1991) in research on the use of software

technology at the university Lotus 123 proved that


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behavioral control as one of the factors that influence the

use of these technologies. Similarly, research conducted

by David (1992) on the use of word processing software

as well as Taylor and Todd (1995) about the use of

technology in the Computer Center; showed a significant

effect on the use of technology.

Based on the literature review conducted and the

synthesis of the connectedness of the above, the proposed

hypothesis is as follows:

H6: Perceived behavioral control has a positive effect on

the behavior of the use of e -Procurement

This construct was also tested their direct influence on

the intentions of the e -Procurement through hypothesis as

follows :

H7: Perceived behavioral control has a positive effect on

intention toward e-Procurement

FIGURE 1: RESEARCH MODEL

RESEARCH METHOD

The research survey is used to test the research model.

Unit of analysis is the work unit on the Provincial

Government agencies and State University who has been

using the e-Procurement system. The population of users

of the system as many as 359 units and as many as 130

the number of sample units and the number of

respondents as many as 185 personnel. Respondents in

this study were government employees who have been

using the e-Procurement.

Data analysis was performed using analysis of

evaluation measurement (outer model) and an analysis of

the structural model (inner model). Structural model was

tested using Structural Equation Modelling-Smart PLS.

Descriptive analysis of the open-ended questions was also

performed to explore qualitatively and complement the

research findings.

TABLE 1: MEASUREMENT

Construct Measurement References

Usage behavior of e-Procurement (USE)

USE1

USE2

USE3

USE4

USE5

Full utilization

Frequency of use

Time duration of use

Value of procurement (Rp)

Size of procurement

Fishbein and Ajzen (1975), Igbaria et al. (1995),

Davis (1989)

Intention toward e-Procurement (INT)

INT1

INT2

INT3

INT4

Tendency to use

Possibility to use

Plan to use

Decision to use

Fishbein and Ajzen (1975), Venkatesh and

David (2000), Lada et al. (2009)

Past Experiences (EXP)

EXP1

EXP2

EXP3

Familiar to computer technology and the Internet

Bad experience in using certain computer applications

Bad experience in doing procurement

Ajzen and Fishbein (1980), Taylor and Todd

(1995), Karahanna et al. (1999), Szajna (1996), Lymperopoulos and Chaniotakis (2005)

Internal Locus of Control (LOC)

LOC1

LOC2

LOC3

Depending on the self effort and hard work

Not rely on the help others

Not depend on the external conditions

Rotter (1966), Robbins and Judge (2007), Robbins and Judge (2007); Kreitner & Kinichi,

(2005); Slavin (1986)

Social Learning (SLR) SLR1

SLR2

SLR 3

Learning from the experience of other people 's success

Learning from the mass media (internet, television, etc.)

Engage in a forum or community

Bandura (1986), Rogers (1995)

Perceived

Behavioral

Control

Usage

Behavior of

e-Procurement

Intention toward

e-

Social

Learning Self-efficacy

Past

Experiences

Internal

Locus of

Control

H

6b (+)

H6

a (+)

H

2 (+)

H4

(+)

H

5 (-)

H

3 (+)

H

1 (+)


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Construct Measurement References

Self-efficacy (EFF)

EFF1 Completing the specific task Bandura (1997), Korbanoglu (2004),

EFF2 Using technological devices Burkhardt (1994), Compeau,

EFF3 Following the development of technology Higgins and Huff (1995)

EFF4 Implementing the new tasks

Perceived Behavioral Control (CON)

CON1 Easy to use the system Ajzen (1987,1991)

CON2

CON3

CON4

CON5

Easiness in understanding the procedures

Easiness in implementing procedures

Easy to use internal facilities

Easy to use public facilities

RESULTS

Data analysis was performed in 2 (two) stages of

evaluation measurement (outer model) and tested the

structural model (inner model). First, the evaluation of

measurement (outer model) of empirical models; obtained

convergent validity values (> 0.7), average variance

extrated (> 0.5), composite reliability (> 0.7), cronbachs

alpha (> 0.7 ) and discriminant validity are eligible.

Second, the test result of the structural model (inner

model); the model shows the value of goodness-fit models

are moderate with a value from 0.234 to 0.265. Table 2

illustrates the output of SmartPLS.

TABLE 2: EVALUATION MEASUREMENT (OUTER MODEL): AVE, CR, CA, T-VALUES

Outer Loading √ AVE Composite

Reliability Cronbachs Alpha

T Statistics

Behavioral use of e-Procurement 0,813556 0,906694 0,872327

USE1 0,784494

20,458613

USE2 0,692506

11,789955

USE3 0,822169

20,527078

USE4 0,882581

24,347284

USE5 0,871473

22,871496

Intention toward e-Procurement 0,900058 0,944367 0,920966

INT1 0,919977

31,255143

INT2 0,786004

9,032339

INT3 0,943540

76,300186

INT4 0,941246

76,405582

Past Experiences 0,590731 0,000855 0,303063

EXP1 0,843097

1,171995

EXP2 -0,485829

0,941295

EXP3 -0,316288

0,792208

Internal Locus of Control

0,853558 0,841520 0,655135

LOC1 -0,027384

0,070769

LOC2 0,928381

3,235410

LOC3 0,764980

2,514698

Social Learning 0,717178 0,625761 0,100449

SLR1 0,294981

1,068528

SLR2 0,110702

0,301658

SLR3 0,963819

2,900093

Self-efficacy

0,791094 0,869056 0,799064

EFF1 0,792128

13,023521

EFF2 0,681856

7,917566

EFF3 0,880942

18,868148


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Outer Loading √ AVE Composite

Reliability Cronbachs Alpha

T Statistics

EFF4 0,796783

11,590602

Perceived Behavioral Control 0,642322 0,778025 0,687590

CON1 0,593996

3,811236

CON2 0,667178

4,232105

CON3 0,650769

4,159479

CON4 0,627434

5,432382

CON5 0,669145

6,342183

Table 2 above shows that the constructs EXP and SLR

have cronbachs alpha < 0.70. Thus it is concluded that

EXP and SLR have a low reliability value that should be

excluded from the model.

TABLE 3: LATENT VARIABLE CORRELATIONS

USE CON EFF EXP INT LOC SLR

USE 0,813556

CON 0,343909 0,642322

EFF 0,292560 0,484996 0,791094

EXP -0,135071 -0,349669 -0,430886 0,590731

INT 0,360602 0,385675 0,330296 0,228774 0,900058

LOC -0,135259 0,130695 -0,015556 -0,087661 0,122404 0,853558

SLR 0,169007 0,115141 0,348612 0,334541 0,165123 -0,078266 0,717178

Notes: Bold numbers on the diagonal are the square root of the variance shared between theconstructs (average variance extracted) and their measures. Off-diagonal elements are correlations among constructs. For discriminant validity, diagonal elements should be larger than off-diagonal elements.


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Latent variable correlations Table 3 above shows that the

roots of AVE (diagonal elements) have a higher value than

the value of the correlation between the other constructs. This

proves that all the constructs USE, CON, EFF, EXP, INT,

LOC and SLR has good discriminant validity.

Test of the inner model was performed to see of the

relationship between constructs, as well as the value of

significance and R-square. Test of goodness-fit model of the

structural model (inner model) was performed by looking at

the value of R-square. R-square value of 0.19, 0.33 and 0.67

for the endogenous latent variables in the structural model

indicates that the model is weak, moderate and good. The

following table provides estimates of the output. Table 4

below provides the output estimate.

TABLE 4: TESTING A STRUCTURAL MODEL (INNER MODEL)

R Square

USE 0,179322

CON

EFF

INT 0,191245

LOC

Table 4 above shows that the model is weak to describe

the effect of the independent latent constructs to the

dependent latent constructs.

Figyre 2 bellow shows the test results of the structural

model (inner models). Intention towards e-Procurement

(INT) has a positive effect on usage behavior of e-

Procurement (USE) (β=0.268, p < 0.05). Perceived

behavioral control (CON) has a positive effect on INT

(β=0.279, p <0.01) and positive effect on usage behavior of

e-Procurement (USE) (β=0.240, p <0,05). Self-efficacy

(EFF) has a positive effect on INT (β=0.197, p <0,05).

Nevertheless, internal locus of control (LOC) has no effect

on intention towards e-Procurement (INT).

FIGURE 2: RESULTS

Notes : significance *** p<0,01 **p<0,05 *p<0,10

Figure 2 also shows that INT and CON overall explain

17.9% variability of USE (R2 = 0.179). Furthermore 19.1%

variability of INT can be explained by EFF and CON (R2 =

0.191).

DISCUSSION

First, the analysis proved that the intentions of the

individual toward e-Procurement has a positive effect on

usage behavior of technology is shown by the value of

coefficient = 0.268 (95% confidence level). These findings

support the view of Ajzen (1985, 1991) who stated that

intention is the closest cognitive antesenden of actual

behavior. Someone will do a behavior if he has a desire or

intention (behavioral intention) to do so. In connection with

the adoption of information technology, these findings also

reinforce support for technology acceptance model proposed

by Davis (1986) and Venkantesh (2003).

Second, the analysis found that perceived behavioral

control has a positive effect on the intention toward e-

Procurement. It is indicated by the value of coefficient =

0.279 (99% confidence level). Perceived behavioral control

also showed has a strong positive effect on usage behavior of

e-Procurement with a coefficient = 0.240 (95% confidence

level). The results of the statistical analysis also showed that

the direct effect of perceived behavioral control to use of e-

Procurement is stronger than its influence indirectly through

intentions. The test results support the hypothesis that

statements made by Ajzen (1991) in the theory of planned

behavior ( TPB ) that the performance of a particular

behavior is correlated with trust in the ability of individuals

to perform the behavior. Perceived behavioral control is the

individual's perception of the ease or difficulty in shaping the

behavior of interest.

Third, the analysis found that the self-efficacy has a

positive influence on the intention toward e-Procurement

with a coefficient of 0.187 (95% confidence level). Results of

this study support the statement Bandura (1997) that self-

efficacy will influence their decision to adopt the technology.

These findings also support the notion Compeau et al. (1999

) and Venkatesh and Davis (1996), which states that

individuals with high level of self-efficacy have a more

positive view of the technology. For the case of the adoption

of e-Procurement, individuals who have high levels of self-

efficacy (indicated by the ability of self-confidence in using

new technologies), the higher his or her intention toward e -

Procurement .

Fourth, the analysis found that internal locus of control

has no effect on the intentions toward e–Procurement with a

coefficient of 0.088. This study reinforces the opinion

Himelstein & Moore (1963), and Warner & DeFleur (1969)

regarding inconsistencies evaluative relationship between

attitude and behavior. This inconsistency is caused due to

failure of general attitude in predicting the behavior

associated with the object of the attitude. Internal locus of

control used in this research is the general attitude

measurement to predict the behavior of the adoption of e-

Procurement. Internal locus of control is common construct,

Perceived

Behavioral

Control

Usage

Behavior of

e-Procurement

Intention toward

e-

Self-efficacy

Internal

Locus of

Control

0

,279*

0.2

40**

0.088

0

.197**

0.

268*


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causing a weak correlation between this constructs with the

intention of e -Procurement .

Fifth, the analysis found that social learning has no effect

on the intentions of the e -Procurement. This study rejected

the notion Bandura (2001) which states experience of

institution to use the technology will influence others to

adopt the technology. The study's findings also rejected the

Rogers (1995) which stated that the information channel is an

important factor supporting the diffusion of innovation.

Sixth, the analysis also found that past experience has no

effect on the intentions of the e -Procurement. The findings

of this study supported the statement of Davis et al (1989)

that found no significant effect of the experience factor in

shaping the behavior of technology adoption. This finding

also support for further research on the role of past

experience as a moderating factor on technology adoption

behavior (Taylor and Todd , 1995; Karahanna et al, 1999;

Szajna, 1996; Venkantesh, 2000) .

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Through the personal values perspective, this study

shown that the usage behavior of e-Procurement in

government institution is determined by how high the

confidence of person to be able to overcome difficulties and

obstacles in using these technologies (perceived behavioral

control). The next aspect of personal value is self-efficacy

that if an individual has a high self confidence in using the

new technology, it will encourage increasing the intentions

toward technology and ultimately improve the usage

behavior of e-Procurement. But the study proved that internal

locus of control, social learning and past experiences have no

effect on the intentions toward e-Procurement.

This study implies that policy makers need to strengthen

the personal capabilities that will bring up the champion

person who will drive diffusion e-Procurement independently

in public institutions. This process will affects the quality of

adoption e-Procurement, not only measured by the intensity

of usage but also arouse the attention of members of the

organization to develop the technology as needed.

The main limitations of this research model lies in the

relatively small number of R-square for variables

endogenous intentions towards e-Procurement and e-

Procurement usage behavior that is the subject of the

research issue. This figure shows that there are other

variables as well as antesendent of intention and usage

behavior of e-Procurement so we need a more in-depth

exploration for other variables.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank Lembaga Kebijakan Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah (LKPP) Indonesia for funds the research, Bambang Purwanggono, and Ikak G. Patriastomo for comments on earlier draft of this manuscript.

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