Problem Statement & Facts Comparison of Coagulation Rates ... · Problem Statement & Facts ... Go...
1
RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2012 www.PosterPresentations.com How Can We help? Lack of sanitation and drinkable water is the world’s biggest health threat Water is resources which we all need, and cannot possibly live without. Sadly, fresh water is a very scarce resource, and according to National Geographic, a mere 0.007% of our planet’s water is potable. That’s right, just 0.007%. The rest is in the oceans, and the majority of the 3% of freshwater left, is locked up in ice, which ultimately ends up in the sea. 1 in 5 people living on our planet does not have access to a safe supply of water which they can drink. People are polluting fresh water sources at an alarming rate, as water is more and more scarce, and, drought is constantly increasing. Disease is rampant in third world countries because of polluted drinking water. Half of the world’s population has little or no sanitation systems to prevent contaminated drinking water and they lack any means to purify their water. Today, more than one billion people in the developing countries use contaminated water for drinking and cooking purposes, and, have no access to clean water and sanitation at all. Of these, some 2 million are estimated to die from waterborne diseases every year, with the majority of deaths being those of children under 5 years of age. Moringa is a natural remedy to reduce the incidence of waterborne disease which is a leading cause to high incidence of deaths in the developing world. Moringa seeds are capable of coagulating water impurities including bacteria and viruses that are found in contaminated and turbid water. The seeds produce a positive y charged protein attracting negative elements of bacteria and other suspended particles in water. This inspired the development of a revolutionary new natural sanitation water treatment that uses Moringa seeds to purify water. This groundbreaking new discovery is going to revolutionize the sanitation and water treatment practices and will make clean water available for everyone. Problem Statement & Facts Results CONCLUSIONS • Moringa seed extract has a coagulating property • Salt (NaCl) extract had higher coagulation activity compared to water or alcohol extracts • NaCl concentrations >0.5M in the extract have highest coagulation rates • Addition of cationic salts (Cu, Al, Mg, Ca) enhanced the coagulation rates • Hot extracts of Moringa seeds resulted in higher coagulating rates • Lower pH enhances coagulation rates for Moringa seed extracts. Higher pH did not increase coagulation. • Coagulation activity is higher at higher temperatures • Higher turbidity solutions resulted in faster coagulation • Higher seed extract quantities resulted in higher coagulation activity • Presence of CaCl 2 resulted in higher coagulation Water is Life: Don’t Pollute My project is about evaluating coagulating properties of Moringa oleifera Seed Extracts. The design of experiments include factors affecting the coagulation of polluted water such as the extracting medium (Water vs Salt Solution vs Alcohol), Amount of extract, Hot extraction, Cation (Al ++ , Fe ++ , Mg ++ , Ca ++ or Na + ), Time, Type of Polluted Water (Kaolin Vs Soil vs Milk/Coffee), and Temperature. The data demonstrated that the Moringa oleifera coagulant was efficient in the treatment of water with high turbidity. A first order kinetics model was fitted to the data to compare relative rates of coagulation. Sishir R Pasumarthy North Attleboro High School, North Attleboro, MA MIRACULOUS Moringa oleifera SEEDS: AN EFFECTIVE, NATURAL AND ECONOMICAL SOLUTION FOR SAFE POTABLE WATER Factors affecting Coagulation Efficacy of Moringa Extract 1 Extracting Medium 2 Extract Concentration 3 Time 4 pH 5 Cation Type 6 Temperature 7 Type of Pollutant Hypothesis Materials Moringa Seed Extract effectively coagulates and clarifies polluted water Alum, Containers, Water, NaCl, Vinegar, Caustic Soda, Moringa Seeds, Kaolin, Magnesium Chloride, Calcium Chloride, Turbidimeter, Digital Balance, pH Meter Go Green – Make the Water Safe- Save the Planet Moringa has a natural coagulant that is able to help improve health and sanitation and save millions of thirsty people in the world. It is estimated that one Moringa Seed is Capable of Purifying1 Liter of Polluted Water The use of Moringa seeds for water purification will provide healthier, safer drinking water, especially in third world countries. Moringa Coagulating Protein Water Soluble Cationic Protein MW: ~6.5 KDa (Native form- Dimer /Trimer) Isoelectric Point, pI: 9.6 - 11 Botanical Name: Moringa oleifera Genus: Moringacae Common Name: Mulangay, Drum Stick Abstract Solution Source: Fayos et al Int Conferencce on Food Innovattion 2010 Charge Neutralization Allows Particles to Coalesce Comparison of Various Moringa Extracts y = 839e -0.0345x R 2 = 0.9711 y = 839e -0.0194x R 2 = 0.9431 y = 839e -0.0139x R 2 = 0.9037 y = 839e -0.0092x R 2 = 0.9677 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time, Minutes Turbidity, NTU Control-No Extract Water Extract 1M Salt Extract Alcohol Extract Effect of Cations on Coagulation 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time, Minutes Turbidity, NTUs 0.5M NaCl Extract 0.5M NaCl Extract w / Alum 0.5M NaCl w / Fe(SO4)2 0.5M NaCl w / CuSO4 0.5M NaCL w / CaCl2 0.5M NaCl w / MgCl2 Effect of Starting Turbidity of Coagulation using Moringa Extract 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Time, Minutes Turbidity, NTU High Turbidity Low Turbidity Effect of pH and Alum on Coagulation using Moringa Seed Extract 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time, Minutes Turbidity, NTU 15 ml 0.5M NaCl Extract pH 4 15 mL 0.5M NaCl Extract pH 8.1 15 mL 0.5M NaCl Extract 1.5g Alum 15 mL 0.5M NaCl Extract Effect of Quantity of Seed Extract on Coagulation 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 Seed Extract Added [g] Coagulation Rate [1/min] Effect of Cations on Coagulation with Moringa Extracts 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 No Cations Al Fe Cu Ca Mg Cation Type Coagulation Rate, [1/min] Impact of Starting Turbidity on Coagulation Rate using Moringa Extract 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Starting Turbidity, NTU Coagulation Rate, [1/min] Arrhenius Plot -3.65 -3.6 -3.55 -3.5 -3.45 -3.4 -3.35 -3.3 -3.25 -3.2 -3.15 3.2E-03 3.3E-03 3.4E-03 3.5E-03 3.6E-03 3.7E-03 1/Temperature (oK) ln(Coagulation rate) Effect of CaCl2 and Hot extraction 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Time, Minutes Turbidity, NTU 0.5M NaCl Room Temp Extract 0.5M NaCl Extract/0.1M CaCl2 0.5M NaCl Hot Extract Comparison of Coagulation Rates for different Moringa Seed Extracts 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 Water Extract 1M NaCl Extract Alcohol Extract Extract Type Coagulation Rate Constant, [1/min] Impact of Temperature During Coagulation with Moringa Extract 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Time, Minutes Turbidity,[NTU] 0.5M NaCl Extract (36C) 0.5M NaCl Extract (4C) 0.5M NaCl Extract (18C) Impact of Salt (NaCl) Concentration 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0M 0.1M 0.5M 1M 2M Salt Concentration in Extract Coagulation Rate, [1/min] Seed Kernels
Transcript of Problem Statement & Facts Comparison of Coagulation Rates ... · Problem Statement & Facts ... Go...
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How Can We help?
Lack of sanitation and drinkable water is the world’s biggest health threat
Water is resources which we all need, and cannot possibly live without. Sadly,
fresh water is a very scarce resource, and according to National Geographic, a
mere 0.007% of our planet’s water is potable. That’s right, just 0.007%. The rest
is in the oceans, and the majority of the 3% of freshwater left, is locked up in
ice, which ultimately ends up in the sea. 1 in 5 people living on our planet does
not have access to a safe supply of water which they can drink.
People are polluting fresh water sources at an alarming rate, as water is
more and more scarce, and, drought is constantly increasing. Disease is
rampant in third world countries because of polluted drinking water.
Half of the world’s population has little or no sanitation systems to
prevent contaminated drinking water and they lack any means to purify
their water.
Today, more than one billion people in the developing countries use
contaminated water for drinking and cooking purposes, and, have
no access to clean water and sanitation at all. Of these, some 2
million are estimated to die from waterborne diseases every year,
with the majority of deaths being those of children under 5 years of
age.
Moringa is a natural remedy to reduce the incidence of waterborne
disease which is a leading cause to high incidence of deaths in the
developing world. Moringa seeds are capable of coagulating water
impurities including bacteria and viruses that are found in contaminated
and turbid water. The seeds produce a positive y charged protein
attracting negative elements of bacteria and other suspended particles in
water. This inspired the development of a revolutionary new natural
sanitation water treatment that uses Moringa seeds to purify water. This
groundbreaking new discovery is going to revolutionize the sanitation
and water treatment practices and will make clean water available for
everyone.
Problem Statement & Facts Background
Results
CONCLUSIONS
• Moringa seed extract has a coagulating property
• Salt (NaCl) extract had higher coagulation activity compared
to water or alcohol extracts
• NaCl concentrations >0.5M in the extract have highest
coagulation rates
• Addition of cationic salts (Cu, Al, Mg, Ca) enhanced the
coagulation rates
• Hot extracts of Moringa seeds resulted in higher coagulating
rates
• Lower pH enhances coagulation rates for Moringa seed
extracts. Higher pH did not increase coagulation.
• Coagulation activity is higher at higher temperatures
• Higher turbidity solutions resulted in faster coagulation
• Higher seed extract quantities resulted in higher coagulation
activity
• Presence of CaCl2 resulted in higher coagulation
Water is Life: Don’t Pollute
My project is about evaluating coagulating properties of
Moringa oleifera Seed Extracts.
The design of experiments include factors affecting the
coagulation of polluted water such as the extracting
medium (Water vs Salt Solution vs Alcohol), Amount of
extract, Hot extraction, Cation (Al++, Fe++, Mg++, Ca ++ or
Na+), Time, Type of Polluted Water (Kaolin Vs Soil vs
Milk/Coffee), and Temperature. The data demonstrated
that the Moringa oleifera coagulant was efficient in the
treatment of water with high turbidity. A first order
kinetics model was fitted to the data to compare relative
rates of coagulation.
Sishir R Pasumarthy
North Attleboro High School, North Attleboro, MA
MIRACULOUS Moringa oleifera SEEDS: AN EFFECTIVE, NATURAL AND ECONOMICAL SOLUTION FOR SAFE
POTABLE WATER
Factors affecting Coagulation Efficacy of Moringa Extract
1 Extracting Medium
2 Extract Concentration
3 Time
4 pH
5 Cation Type
6 Temperature
7 Type of Pollutant
Hypothesis
Materials
Moringa Seed Extract effectively
coagulates and clarifies polluted
water
Alum, Containers, Water, NaCl, Vinegar, Caustic Soda, Moringa Seeds, Kaolin, Magnesium Chloride, Calcium
Chloride, Turbidimeter, Digital Balance, pH Meter
Go Green – Make the Water Safe- Save the Planet
Moringa has a natural coagulant that is able to help improve health and
sanitation and save millions of thirsty people in the world.
It is estimated that one Moringa Seed is Capable of Purifying1 Liter of Polluted Water
The use of Moringa seeds for water purification will provide healthier, safer
drinking water, especially in third world countries.
Moringa Coagulating Protein Water Soluble Cationic Protein
MW: ~6.5 KDa (Native form- Dimer /Trimer)
Isoelectric Point, pI: 9.6 - 11
Botanical Name: Moringa oleifera
Genus: Moringacae
Common Name: Mulangay, Drum Stick
Abstract
Solution
Source: Fayos et al Int Conferencce on Food Innovattion 2010
Charge Neutralization Allows Particles to Coalesce
Comparison of Various Moringa Extracts
y = 839e-0.0345x
R2 = 0.9711
y = 839e-0.0194x
R2 = 0.9431
y = 839e-0.0139x
R2 = 0.9037
y = 839e-0.0092x
R2 = 0.9677
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Time, Minutes
Tu
rbid
ity,
NT
U
Control-No Extract
Water Extract
1M Salt Extract
Alcohol Extract
Effect of Cations on Coagulation
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time, Minutes
Tu
rbid
ity, N
TU
s
0.5M NaCl Extract
0.5M NaCl Extract w / Alum
0.5M NaCl w / Fe(SO4)2
0.5M NaCl w / CuSO4
0.5M NaCL w / CaCl2
0.5M NaCl w / MgCl2
Effect of Starting Turbidity of Coagulation using Moringa Extract
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Time, Minutes
Tu
rbid
ity, N
TU
High Turbidity
Low Turbidity
Effect of pH and Alum on Coagulation using Moringa Seed
Extract
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Time, Minutes
Tu
rbid
ity, N
TU
15 ml 0.5M NaCl Extract
pH 4 15 mL 0.5M NaCl Extract
pH 8.1 15 mL 0.5M NaCl Extract
1.5g Alum 15 mL 0.5M NaCl Extract
Effect of Quantity of Seed Extract on Coagulation
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Seed Extract Added [g]
Co
ag
ula
tio
n R
ate
[1
/min
]Effect of Cations on Coagulation with Moringa Extracts
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
No Cations Al Fe Cu Ca Mg
Cation Type
Co
ag
ula
tio
n R
ate
, [1
/min
]
Impact of Starting Turbidity on Coagulation Rate
using Moringa Extract
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Starting Turbidity, NTU
Co
ag
ula
tio
n R
ate
, [1
/min
]
Arrhenius Plot
-3.65
-3.6
-3.55
-3.5
-3.45
-3.4
-3.35
-3.3
-3.25
-3.2
-3.15
3.2E-03 3.3E-03 3.4E-03 3.5E-03 3.6E-03 3.7E-03
1/Temperature (oK)
ln(C
oag
ula
tio
n r
ate
)Effect of CaCl2 and Hot extraction
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Time, Minutes
Tu
rbid
ity, N
TU
0.5M NaCl Room Temp Extract
0.5M NaCl Extract/0.1M CaCl2
0.5M NaCl Hot Extract
Comparison of Coagulation Rates for different
Moringa Seed Extracts
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
Water Extract 1M NaCl Extract Alcohol Extract
Extract Type
Co
ag
ula
tio
n R
ate
Co
nsta
nt,
[1/m
in]
Impact of Temperature During Coagulation with Moringa
Extract
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time, Minutes
Tu
rbid
ity,[
NT
U]
0.5M NaCl Extract (36C)
0.5M NaCl Extract (4C)
0.5M NaCl Extract (18C)
Impact of Salt (NaCl) Concentration
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0M 0.1M 0.5M 1M 2M
Salt Concentration in Extract
Co
ag
ula
tio
n R
ate
, [1
/min
]
Seed Kernels
