Problem Solving Presentation 2010
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Transcript of Problem Solving Presentation 2010
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Problem Solving Approach
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Problem Solving Approach
TQM (Total Quality Management)
TQM is an integrated organizational approach in delighting
Customers (both external and internal) by meeting their
expectations on continuous basis through every one involved with
working on continuous improvement in all products / processes
along with proper problem solving methodology / Approach
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Problem Solving Approach
TQM Key Concepts ContinuousImprovements - PDCA
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/PDCA_Cycle.svg -
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Problem Solving Approach
Steps to be followed for problem solving.
Identification of problem
Selection of problemDefine the problem
Analyze the problem
Identification of causes
Finding out the root causeData Analysis
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Problem Solving Approach
Developing /obtaining the solution
Anticipated / probable resistance
Trial implementation / check performanceRegular implementation
Follow-up and review
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Problem Solving Approach
Different Models used for problem solving
Analogy
arrived from Greek word - analogia - proportion
Analogy plays a significant role in problem solving
,decision making , perception , memory , creativity
,emotion ,explanation and communication
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Problem Solving Approach
Kepner-Tregoe ( KT process)Kepner-Tregoe Inc. a multinational company whichprovides consulting services for problem solving .The
company was founded in 1958 by Dr. Charles Kepner andDr. Benjamin Tregoe .
This is based on rational process Technique. This involvesfollowing steps
Situation Appraisal
Problem Analysis
Project management
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Problem Solving Approach
Brainstorming
1. It is Group creativity Technique to generate large no. of ideas forsolution of the problem.
2. In 1953 method was popularized by Alex Faickney Osborn in thebook called Applied Imagination
3. Ground Rules
Focus on Quantity
Withhold Criticism
welcome Unusual idea
Combine and improve ideas
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Problem Solving Approach
GROW Model
Technique for problem solving was developed in UK by Graham
Alexander, Alan Fine and Sir John Whitmore and used in Corporate
coaching market in late 1980s and 1990s G - GOAL
R - Reality
O - Obstacles
- Options W - Way Forward
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Problem Solving Approach
RPR Problem Diagnosis
RPR (Rapid Problem Resolution) specifically designed to determine
the Root Cause of IT problems .
Core Process1. Discover
2. Investigate
3. Fix
Supporting Techniques
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Problem Solving Approach
Techniques / Tools Used For Problem Solving
1. Flow Diagram
2. Brainstorming
3. Data Collection
4. Graphs
5. Stratification
6. Cause and effect Diagram Ishikawa Diagram
7. Pareto Diagram Analysis
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Problem Solving Approach
What is Flow Diagram
Flow Diagram is a graphical or pictorial representation to
show the process sequence to understand ,analyze and re-
plan for making required changes .
Standard Symbols used are
Activity Symbol
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Problem Solving Approach
Decision Symbol
Terminal Symbol
Document Symbol
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Problem Solving Approach
Data Base Symbol
Flow Lines
Connector
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Problem Solving Approach
BrainstormingMethodology
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Activity_preperation.svg -
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Problem Solving Approach
Process of conducting Brain storming
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Activity_conducting.svg -
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Problem Solving Approach
Data Collection
1. Collection of data to evaluate magnitude of problem
(Check sheets ,etc.)
2. Classification of data in terms of various purpose
3. Analysis of Data
4. Interpretation and action plan
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Problem Solving Approach
GraphsTypes of Graphs
1. Line Graphs
2. Bar Graphs
3. Circle / Pie Charts
4. Pictorial graphs
Important points
Simple
Drawn on paper / Grids
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Problem Solving Approach
Should have Title , Date and other information
Use of Colour code if required
Appropriate Scale
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Problem Solving Approach
StratificationStratification is the process of separation /
segregation/classification of Data into categories
contributing to the problem which is to be tackled.
Steps of Stratification
1. Clarity of the Problem
2. Selection of Variables
3. Collection of data / information
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Problem Solving Approach
Cause and effect Diagram Ishikawa Diagram
It is graphical representation showing relationship of all possible
causes grouped under major causes and their resultant effect in
the form of problem defined in the square box at extreme right.
Because of Its appearance and similarity with Fish skeleton, itis also termed as Fish Bone Diagram
Dr.Kaoru Ishikawa first developed this technique in 1953 and
hence it is also called as Ishikawa Diagram.
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Problem Solving Approach
Cause and effect Diagram - Ishikawa Diagram - FishBone Diagram
Proble
m
(Effect)
MATERIAL
METHODMACHINE
MAN
PROCESS
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Problem Solving Approach
For preparing Cause and Effect Diagram , Brainstorming
and Why chain theory is useful .
Ask Why to effect or Problem ,you get main cause and
further go on asking why to every main or sub causes so
you will get the Root cause
All such main causes and sub causes can be represented
by arrow and cause and effect diagram is obtained
CED is most effectively used to prepare action plan and
deciding line of action .
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Problem Solving Approach
RCA OF HIGHER % OF 1.05 RRT INETHOPROPHOS ( TECH.)
HIGHER %
0F 1.05 RRT
IN ETHO.
MATERIAL
METHODMACHINE
MAN
PROCESS
ETHANOL QUALITY
GC - MS ETHO
. DB- 5 COLUMN
DB- 1 COLUMN
PERSONAL ERROR
PERKIN E.GC
AGILENT GC
DILUTION OF IS
EEDC QUALITY
QUALITY OF RM
N- PROPYL MERCAPTAN, REC & DIST.
( INTIGRATION )
PID EXP.
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Problem Solving Approach
Pareto Diagram Pareto AnalysisArranging the classified / stratified data according to Priority indescending order.
This helps for selection of problem
This technique is named after Italian Economist Vilfredo Pareto(1848-1923) who studied distribution of wealth in Italy in1897,and observed that 80 % wealth was in the hands of 20 %population .
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Problem Solving Approach
Benefits of Pareto analysis
1. Helps to focus on those few vital problems identified by
prioritization to achieve maximum benefit
2. Pareto analysis is also useful to identify the root cause ofProblem
3. It helps us to check the performance of remedy
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Thank you very much for your kind attention