Problem Solving - Human vs. Machine Intelligence

Aug 16, 2014 ISS Open Day 2014

Knowledge Engineering Group

Problem Solving Human vs. Machine Intelligence


2

Watson scores landslide victory over the best players on the TV game show Jeopardy, Feb 2011 Watson earned $77,147, versus

$24,000 for Ken Jennings, and

$21,600 for Brad Rutter

Human Intelligence Machine Intelligence Watson took 25 IBM scientists 4 years, and around $30 million to create.

Man vs. Machine: IBM Watson

? Do you also know

?


3

What experts say Can Watson decide to create Watson? … While computers can

calculate and construct, they cannot decide to create. We are far from there. … Our ability to create is what allows us to discover and create new knowledge and technology.

Pradeep Khosla, Carnegie Mellon University What Watson’s creators say I see human intelligence consuming machine intelligence,

not the other way around. David Ferrucci, IBM's lead researcher on Watson

Human Machine Intelligence


4

Human intelligence has been taken as the gold standard of machine intelligence.

Turing Test [Alan Turing, 1950]

The Gold Standard & AI Dream

The Turing test of artificial intelligence proposes a simple game where a hidden computer A and a person B converse with another person C. If C is unable to distinguish which he is conversing with then the computer can be said to be able to “think”.

Modern computer still cannot pass the test !

image: www.rutherfordjournal.org


5

There are many aspects to describe human intelligence. An important one is the capability of problem solving using

knowledge Using existing knowledge to solve new problem Learning of new knowledge from new experience Discovery of knowledge

Machine intelligence is expected to do the same.

Human Intelligence

image: jeeda-lovenpassion.blogspot.com


6

Problem Solving Typical (but COMPLEX) problem solving tasks:

Planning

Decision

Classification / categorization

Prediction / forecasting image: undsci.berkely.edu


7

Problem Solving: examples Planning

new housing development MRT stations / lines a course timetable for school … …

Decision / optimization an optimal investment decision a good university to attend … …

image: techchai.com

image: www.do2learn.com


8

Problem Solving: examples Classification / categorization

Classifying customer groups for adopting suitable campaign / promotion strategies

Categorizing customer complaints for effective responses / follow-up actions

… …

image: www.marketing.savant.com

image: cacm.acm.org


9

Problem Solving: examples

Prediction / forecast weather forecasting

financial market trends

demand of electricity

… …

image: www.paloalto.com


10

√ Faster √ Cheaper ? Better

Computer / software systems for problem solving and decision making, with the support of Advance IT technologies

Internet, Mobile, Cloud, Data storage, … Data / information

Past records, relevant reference, …

Intelligent Systems

Why? Humans performing the same tasks would be considered as being

“intelligent”

Automated Problem Solving


11

An intelligent system (IS) is an embodiment of machine intelligence. IS can typically solve problems …

in well defined domain for well specified tasks with well described performance targets

Intelligent Systems make use of … intelligent algorithms and domain knowledge

and/or

machine learning techniques and sources of data

Machine Intelligence

Provided by human

Developed by human

Created by human and/or machine

Built by human


12

A big picture of intelligent system (at data / information level)

Intelligent System

Intelligent algorithms Data

Domain knowledge

human or machine intelligence

User

Developer

Intelligent system


13

A complex task that requires the developer with … competencies in knowledge and skills of exploiting intelligent

systems techniques, and experience and knowledge of problem domains

Knowledge engineering (KE), is an important discipline of Artificial Intelligence (AI). KE comprises:

Methodologies,

Techniques, and

Practical approaches

for the successful development of intelligent systems

Developing Intelligent Systems

image: www.123rf.com


14

Knowledge Based System for Marketing (Local retailer) Indoor Location Prediction on Mobile Devices (SAP) Intelligent Cab Management System

Length of stay prediction (Local Hospital) Prediction of Colorectal cancer recurrence (TTSH)

Customer Complaints Handling (Local Bank) Insurance Quote Comparison (Local Insurer)

Career Management system (Armed Forces) JWT World Wide IT Intelligent System (JWT) Regulatory Knowledge based system (Sennheiser)

Storm water drainage design (Engineering) Weather forecasting system (NEA)

Intelligent System for evaluating musical chord progression (NIE)

Many more in different areas …

Systems Developed by KE Students Business

Service / finance

Healthcare / medicine

Urban develop / environment

Enterprise / organization

Arts / Music

image: www.projectinsight.net


15

Intelligent system for a local leading department store [KE24 batch, Jan 2014]

Using data mining techniques and

other intelligent techniques

Business analytics

Perform spending analysis on

their card member base

Build models using past promotion

Generate a list of card members who are likely respond to advertising for promotion

Systems Developed by KE Students


16

Indoor Location Intelligence [KE24 batch, Jan 2014] Realizing next place prediction in a shopping mall

Studying the historical data to work out patterns of the paths and recognizing the behavior of the shoppers using the data extracted from WiFi signal of the shoppers

An extended application that relates indoor geographic or location contexts to business data as part of the decision making process.

Systems Developed by KE Students


17

In November 2013, IBM announced Watson as an application development platform in the Cloud.

IBM also recently announced its intention to open Watson to corporate developers, to advance a new generation of apps infused with Watson‘s cognitive computing intelligence.

Nearly 2,000 individuals and organizations have contacted IBM to

share ideas for building cognitive applications that redefine how businesses and consumers make decisions.

IBM Watson: recent news

Users can also be contributors!


18

Learn and interact naturally with people to extend what either humans or machines could do on their own.

Help human experts make better decisions by penetrating the complexity of Big Data.

Human and machines working together.

Cognitive Computing Systems


19

Humans work together with machines that are more intelligent

Understanding natural languages Computing with words Perception-based reasoning Competitive & collaborative Learning & adapting to changing environment … …

Towards the Future

The gold standard is also evolving !

yesterday today tomorrow image: darleneglasgow.wordpress.com

image: www.doyouknow.in image: www.genetic-programming.org

image: informatics.indiana.edu


Thank you!

Problem Solving - Human vs. Machine Intelligence

Technology

Transcript of Problem Solving - Human vs. Machine Intelligence