Privately (to yourself) pick three areas of the room, figure a 3x3 foot area, that you would want to “control”. Briefly list why you would want to control this area.

Meet @ Capital Hill.

Hill.

President William McKinley: 1897 - 1901

Now double with

another group.

President William McKinley: 1897 - 1901

President Theodore Roosevelt: 1901 - 1908

Quietly decide amongst you your group which 3 area’s your group will seek to control.

President William Howard Taft:

Time to expand!

ImperialismDevelopment- By late 1800’s U.S. had built a powerful industrial economy.-Overproduction of food and goods led to panic and depression. -Producers convinced businesses and politicians of need to secure markets abroad. -Others sensed need to spread democracy and Christianity.

Europe had reached new heights in imperialism: attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations, economically, politically, culturally, or militarily.

ImperialismFactors: 1) Economic: growth of industry created need for

resources & new markets.2) Nationalism: Devotion to ones nation. Competition

among leading European nations for large empires3) Militarism: advances in military technology produced

European armies & navies far more superior to those of Africa and Asia.

4) Humanitarian: Colonial officials, doctors, and missionaries believed they had a duty to spread blessings of Western Civilization.

Imperialism1) Set up paper for quiz…

Section 2: # paper 1 - 10 Section 3: # paper 4 – 10

Imperialism

What did President George Washington advise the U.S. not to do with Foreign Powers in his farewell address?

ImperialismLeading NationsGermany, France, Great Britain--- “The sun never sets on the British Empire.”By 1890, The U.S. was eager to join the competition.

- 1853: American Fleet sailed to Tokyo Bay and “convinced” Japan to open trade with the U.S.

- By 1860’s the U.S. had several treaties for trade with China. U.S. now needed Pacific Islands for

refueling and repair stations.

-1867: Annexed uninhabited Midway Islands.

Imperialism-1867: Annexed uninhabited Midway Islands.

- 1875: U.S. signs treaty with Hawaii: could sell sugar in U.S. duty free as long as they didn’t sell or lease territory to any foreign power. U.S. Economic GrowthAmerican Businesses dominated International markets.Some business leaders directly invested in foreign markets.-1913: Minor C. Keith provided financial services to Costa Rican Gov. In return he won long-term leases for lands and railroad lines. Keith’s Fruit Company exported 50 million bunches of bananas to U.S. and also dominated the governments of Costa Rica, Guatemala and Honduras. Central American Nations: Banana Republics.

ImperialismProtecting American Security

Naval officers joined with business interests to convince congress to build modern steam-powered ships to protect overseas trade. -1900: U.S. had one of the most powerful navies in the world. - Social Darwanism justified takeover of new territories. - With expansion came political and military entanglements.

Spanish American WarU.S. expansionists looked to 3 area’s of world: Latin America, Pacific Islands, China; and paid close attention to political and economic actions in the countries of the Western Hemisphere.

-1891: Chilean mob killed 2 American sailors on leave.U.S. Government forced Chili to pay $75,000 to

families. - 1893: Brazilian rebellion; Naval units sent to Rio De Janeiro to protect U.S. shipping interests. This helped end rebellion. - 1895: Britain/Venezuela conflict intensified over mineral wealth in British Guiana. U.S. demanded Britain acknowledge the Monroe Doctrine and submit to Arbitration: settlement of dispute by a person chosen to listen to both sides and come to a decision.

Spanish American WarCuban Rebellion 1895 - Spain sends 150,000 troops to stop rebellion.

Erect internment camps where 200,000 Cubans die. Refugees in U.S. urged for involvement. Presidents Cleveland and McKinley refuse. - Cuban guerrillas destroyed American Sugar plantations in Cuba. In response, businesses increased pressure on the gov. to act.- Yellow Journalism exploited and exaggerated

stories from Cuba. -1898: Riots in Havana threaten U.S. citizens and property.

- Pres. McKinley moves U.S.S. Main into harbor. - De Lome Letter: -- insulted Pres. McKinley; “weak and a

bidder for the admiration of the crowd.” - U.S.S. Main exploded and sank. Americans blamed

Spanish. Meanwhile, filipino natives were rebelling against Spanish.

Spanish American WarThe War-McKinley orders attack on Philippines in the event that war with Spain breaks out. - May 1st, 1898: U.S. surprise attack Spanish ships in Manilla Bay. Destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific Fleet in 7 hours. -July 1st: Roosevelt led Rough Riders in charge at San Juan Hill. Most famous incident of the war. - July 3rd: Spanish fleet tries to escape Santiago harbor U.S. Navy sank every ship. -Dec. 1898: Treaty of Paris ends Spanish American War.

- Spain recognized Cuban Independence - Gives up Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam to U.S.

for 20 million. (unincorporated territories: no citizenship.)

Review Notes from Yesterday.

Spanish American WarThe Aftermath-3 years of fighting with Filipino rebels-U.S. led Cuba to improve economy, education and eventually a constitution.

- Platt amendment: - Cubans could not enter foreign agreements, - allow U.S. two naval bases,

U.S. right to intervene when necessary.

Spanish American WarOther Pacific Gains1898: Hawaii Annexed 1899: Samoa: Pago Pago harbor acquired by U.S.

Spheres of influence: area’s of economic or political control in china.

Open Door Policy: U.S. to have open access to China’s market.

China didn’t really want any influence.Boxer Rebellion: massacred 300 foreigners and Christian Chinese.

Panama Canal: Begun in 1879 by French then abandoned. U.S. supported Panamanian revolt against Columbia. Then recognizes as independent nation. Takes over project in 1904.

Roosevelt Corollary: U.S. has no will not use Monroe Doctrine as a cloak for territorial aggression.

“Speak soft and carry a big stick.”

Great White Fleet: 1907 U.S. Navy cruises around world showing off Naval power.

1909 - 1913

Dollar Diplomacy: Use of $ not guns – invest in foreign markets.

Didn’t work so well. Angered many Latin Americans.

China Revolution of 1911 caused loss of U.S. investment.