Studies on Thai Language Teachers’roles towards the Conservation
Private and public roles in conservation...Private and public roles in conservation Pieter W. Knapab...
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Private and public roles in conservation Pieter W. Knap ab Anne-Marie Neeteson a a EFFAB European Forum of Farm Animal Breeders & b Sygen International plc
Transcript of Private and public roles in conservation...Private and public roles in conservation Pieter W. Knapab...
Private and public rolesin conservation
Pieter W. Knapab
Anne-Marie Neetesona
aEFFAB European Forum of Farm Animal Breeders&
bSygen International plc
Private and public rolesin conservation
Conservation ofanimal genetic resourcesby breeding organisations
• possibilities• requirements• case study
Conservation of AnGR bybreeding organisationsPossibilities
introgressionsemen,DNA
live animalsembryos
genes (alleles)
population
in situex situ
Possibilitiesex situ conservation• Frozen embryos, semen, DNA
• requires organisation• facilities• administration• collection
• requires funding• easiest to carry out• routine activity in breeding
Conservation of AnGR bybreeding organisationsPossibilities
introgressionsemen,DNA
live animalsembryos
genes (alleles)
population
in situex situ
Possibilitiesin situ conservation• Live animals / whole population
• requires population maintenance• population size• mating system
• requires a breeding goal and a selection strategy
Routine activitiesin breeding
• which features to conserve ?
PossibilitiesWhich features to conserve ?• Livestock populations derive from
particular production systems• when the system disappears, the
population loses its function• requires a new function
• a specific product
Jamón iberico in SpainPoulet de Bresse in France
Formaggio di Razza Bruna in Italy
Which features to conserve ?• Livestock populations derive from
particular production systems• when the system disappears, the
population loses its function• requires a new function
• a specific product
Possibilities
• a specific trait• cultural heritage
Preferably traits that are difficult to breed for:fertility, robustness,
product quality
Landscape maintenanceVisual appearance
...
More likely through introgression
Possibilitiesin situ conservation• Introgression
• cross the population into an existing industry line
• maintain the resulting synthetic in the industrial program
• desirable alleles survive• undesirable alleles diminish • is that a problem ?
Why do we try to conserve ?
What is "desirable" depends on the breeding goal of the receptor line
Conservation of AnGR bybreeding organisations
requirements• commercially interesting
• population excels in some trait• has no major disadvantages
• organisationally feasible• no health barriers• reasonable maintenance cost
Conservation of AnGR bybreeding organisations
Case study: exotic introgression• Not easy!• We are aware of only one
relevant example in thepig & poultry industry
Conservation of AnGR bybreeding organisations
• Introgression of Taihu breeds into western pig genotypes
Case study
Taihu introgression intowestern pig genotypes
Importation in the 1980s• France, UK, USA• Advantage: high fertility• Disadvantage: fat, slow growth• Much scientific development
on reproductive physiology• Commercial development
Webb (1998)
MS × LW
1986 19968
9
10
11
12
13
Litter sizeat weaning
(MS × LW)×
(MS × LR)
LW×LR
Legault (1998)
concept '80s
En effet, à titre indicatif, la très haute productivité numérique des truies F1 Large White × Meishan ... ne suffit pas à compenser les moindres performances du produit terminal quart chinois. Les études théoriques de Bidanel (1989) aboutissent à la conclusion que la forme de valorisation des gènes chinois la plus prometteuse est l'utilisation à l'étage grand-parental de lignées composites sino-européennes au terme de 6 à 8 générations de sélection en faveur des critères de production ...Legault (1998)
parentsow
GPboar
¼ TaihuGP sow
½ TaihuGGP boar
GGPsow
TaihuGGGP boar
GGGPsow
1/8 Taihu
Jiaxing x Meishan Laconie
lignée compositesino-européenne à
l'étage grand-parental
Legault (1998)1986 1996
8
9
10
11
12
13
Litter sizeat weaning
(MS × LW)×
(MS × LR)
LW×LR
concept '80s
LW×
[(MS × LW) × LR]
parentsow
GPboar
¼ TaihuGP sow
½ TaihuGGP boar
GGPsow
TaihuGGGP boar
GGGPsow
concept '90s
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
litter size
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.0
63carcass lean %
45
47
49
51
53
55
57
59
61
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200543
16 % in 30 yr = 0.53 % per yr
LW×
[(MS × LW) × LR]
parentsow
GPboar
¼ TaihuGP sow
½ TaihuGGP boar
GGPsow
TaihuGGGP boar
GGGPsow
concept '90s 1986 1996
hyperLW×
hyperLR
hyperLW×
[(MS × LW) × hyperLR]
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
litter size
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.6
4.0
Legault (1998)1986 1996
8
9
10
11
12
13
Litter sizeat weaning
(MS × LW)×
(MS × LR)
LW×LR
concept '80s
63 carcass lean %
45
47
49
5153
55
5759
61
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 200543
44.5
45.0
45.5
46.0
46.5
47.0
47.5
48.0
48.5
49.0
49.5
50.0
880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000
growth rate (g/d)
lean yield (%)
1997-982001-02
44.5
45.0
45.5
46.0
46.5
47.0
47.5
48.0
48.5
49.0
49.5
50.0
Taihu introgression intowestern pig genotypes
• the winner: the genotype, not the industry
Stable market since mid-90's• < 100.000 replacement gilts per year in
Europe + north America• when there is a market, the genotype
can survive• 100.000 is less than 1.5 % of the total
market volume
12
3
45
6
78
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
replacement gilts( mio per year )
total Europe + north America
Taihu-based
Private and public rolesin conservation
Pieter W. Knapab
Anne-Marie Neetesona
aEFFAB European Forum of Farm Animal Breeders&
bSygen International plc
