Printing of National Identity Cards

Printing of National Identity Cards

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Printing Feasibility Report

by

N. Krishnaswamy, 2005


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Identity Document An identity document is a piece of documentation designed to prove the identity of the

person carrying it. Unlike other forms of documentation, which only have a single purpose

such as authenticating bank transfers or proving membership of a libray, an identity

document simply asserts the bearer’s identity. If an identity document is in the form of a

small standard sized card, such as an ISO 7810 card, it is called an identity card. Modern

identity cards are hi-tech smart cards capable of being swiped and read by computer.

National Identity Card (NIC) Where the identity card is issued by the State, it asserts a unique single identity for a person,

thus defining that person’s identity purely in relation to state. New technologies allow

identity cards to contain information, such as photographs, face, hand or iris measurements or

fingerprints. Other information typically present on the cards or on the supporting database

includes full name, parents’ name, address, profession, nationality in multinational states,

blood type and Rhesus factor.

Laws usually limit who is authorized to require an identification, for example limiting

to police, immigration etc., though practice usually broadens the range to many civil

functionaries, for example when paying with a credit card. This can lead to functionality

creep whereby carrying card becomes defacto if not dejure compulsory.

Great Britain Compulsory identity cards were first issued in the United Kingdom during World War I and

abandoned in 1919. They were introduced in World War II, but were abandoned seven years

after the end of that war in 1952. In 2003 the British Home Secretary David Blunkett has

announced the introduction of national identity card scheme based on biometric technology

to be made compulsory by 2013.


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United States of America

There is no national identity card in the United States of America. All legislative attempts to

create to have failed due to opposition from libertarians and conservatives who regard

national identity card as the mark of a totalitarian society.

Kingdom of Bhutan Kingdom of Bhutan has introduced a sophisticated version of Citizenship cards with multiple

facilities to all the citizens.

Social Security Card Some countries have issued social security cards with a social security number. They are

issued by internal affairs ministries of the countries concerned. This card is originally

intended to ensure accurate reporting of disbursement of social security benefits. In the

absence of national identity card, the social security number has become the defacto national

identifier for tax and credit purposes.. In turn, the rampant epidemic of identity theft in recent

years has led to frequent public demands for a national identity card. Instead many national

level organizations assign their own unique numbers to persons at first contact and request

social security numbers only when absolutely necessary.

Specialised Identity Cards In the absence of a national identity card, the typical Indian is forced to carry a bewildering

number of identity documents issued by government agencies and private corporations.

These include:

• Ration cards

• Birth certificates

• School leaving certificate

• Office identity cards

• Passports

• Income tax PAN cards

• Driving licenses


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• Credit and debit cards

Identity Cards Worldwide According to Privacy International, as of 1996 around 100 countries have compulsory

identity cards. They also started that virtually no common law country has a card. However

Germany has Personalaiweis, Sapin has Documento Nacioal de Identidad (DNI), Estonia has

Eston and Poland has Dowod osobisty.

ISO 7810 ISO 7810 is an international standard that defines three formats for identity or identification

cards namely, ID-1, ID-2 and ID-3.

ID-1: The ID-1 format specifies a file size of 85.60 × 53.98 mm2, equal to 3.370 × 2.215 in2.

It is commonly used for banking cards (ATM cards, credit cards, debit cards, etc.). It is today

also used for driving licenses in many countries (including the USA and EU), retail loyalty

cards and it is one fairly common format for business cards.

• ISO 7813 defines additional characteristics of ID-1 plastic banking cards, for example

a thickness of 0.76 mm and corners rounded with a radius of 3.18 mm.

• ISO 7811 defines traditional techniques for recording data on ID-1 identification

cards, namely embossed characters and several different magnetic recording formats.

• ISO 7816 defines ID-1 identification cards with an embedded chip – smart card and

contact surface for power, clock reset and serial-data signals.

• ISO 14443 defines identification cards with an embedded chip – proximity card and a

magnetic loop antenna that operates at 13.56 MHz (RFID). More recent ICAO

standards for machine-readable travel documents specify a cryptographically signed

file format and authentication protocol for storing biometric features (photos of face,

fingerprint, and or iris) in ISO 14443 RFID chips.

ID-2: The ID-2 format specifies a size of 105 × 74 mm2, equal to 4.134 × 2.9135 in2. This

size is the A7 format. The ID-2 format is used, for example, by the German Personalausweis


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(identity document). This slightly larger format provides enough space for a clearly

recognizable facial photo, but is still small enough to be carried in a wallet.

ID-3: ID-3 specifies a size of 125 × 88 mm2, equal to 4.921 × 3.465 in2. This size is the B7

format. This format is used worldwide for passports and visas. International Civil Aviation

Organization (ICAO) Document 9303 defines the format of machine-readable travel

documents, the optical character recognition lines found on the bottom of most passports and

visas.

Smart Card There are two types of smart card; Memory Cards and Microprocessor Cards.

Memory Cards: Memory cards are simple as they sound – the cards provide a small amount

of EEPROM –ranging from 256 bytes to 64Kb – that can be read and written by anyone.

There are two flavours of memory card – unprotected memory cards offer no protection

against unauthorized reading or writing whereas the ones with security logic reserve a small

portion of the available memory to store a PIN that will prevent unauthorized writing or

erasure of data (initially developed to prevent people recrediting telephone cards). The data

held on memory cards has no structure and is read and written as a single byte-stream.

Microprocessor Cards: Microprocessor cards are far more complex than memory cards and

feature an actual processor on the card with and embedded operating system. Processing may

only be performed while the chip is current, that is while it is inserted into a terminal and the

processors are not specially powerful., but they are sufficient to run quite sophisticated

security access control applications. The capacity of the microprocessor cards is typically

UNDER 2Kb, but they offer a file structure that can be used to store multiple files, so two

files can be stored as independent files.

Java Cards: Java Card is a different flavour of microprocessor smart card, where the

embedded operating system has a miniature version of the traditional Virtual Machine

installed, know as the JavaCard Virtual Machine. Java Smart Cards offer many of the


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benefits of Java itself, in that language is Java and so can be written by any of the thousands

of Java programmers around the world as opposed to the relatively small number of specialist

programmers required for writing applications for conventional microprocessor cards. Also,

the Java Smart Cards have the ability to be upgraded with new Java Applets and so the cards

never become obsolete. As Java is quite a secure language, it means that the cards are also

secure. The downside of the Java Smart Cards is the expense involved.

Production of National Identity Cards The substrate used for cards are polyvinyl chloride –PVC, recycled polycarbonate –RPC and

recently Teslin sheets. These sheets are used for printing every conceivable type of card

application. These sheets form strong laminating bonds in multi-layer cards. It can be printed

using nearly any combination of fixed and variable printing methods. For example, fixed

information via offset or flexo printing can be printed, then print variable information using

thermal transfer, laser or inkjet. These unique characteristics make these sheets the standard

by which card measures systems in terms of durability and cost performance.

Different grades of the PVC, RPC and Teslin sheets are used depending on the

application. A number of grades are also being used in the security industry, tailoring to the

specific needs of cards and/or variable printing technologies used. Over the past 10 years,

more than several billions of high and medium security documents have been produced on

them. Those documents have met or exceeded the durability and security requirements of the

various governments, agencies and institutions that use them.

The optimum combination of price and performance depending on the requirements,

total security document systems (inclusions, OVDs, laminating film, etc.) that use plastic or

polymer sheet are equal to or better than any system yet invented. All things considered,

documents created on them are substantially lower in cost than security documents produced

using other technologies.

No system can completely foil the world’s most dedicated, professional counterfeiter,

but two billion documents give plastic/polymer sheet a proven record of success.

Flexible and Adaptable: Plastic/Polymer sheet is superior to other security materials

because of its unique ability to adapt to a wide range of digital and security printing


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technologies. It gives system integrators the freedom to tailor the security system to client

requirements and maximize customer value

Qualities Desired on PVC, RPC and Teslin sheets

• Security

• Tamper-resistant

• Tamper evident

• Anti-counterfeit

• Security printable

• Printed data bonded into sheet structure

• Unmatched laminate bond strength without edge over-lamination

• Durability

• Waterproof

• Chemical-resistant

• Temperature-resistant (-70° F to 200° F)

• Temperature dimensional stability

• Unmatched abrasion resistance

• Unmatched flex/bend endurance

• Printable with fade-resistant and machine readable toner/ink systems

• Expected lifetime of atleast up to 10 years

Printability: Basically it was difficult to perform high-quality printing on a synthetic sheet.

These days, richness and accuracy of color can be achieved by using them are made possible

and easy. The porous nature of the sheet renders the sheet highly absorptive, allowing inks to

set almost instantly. Inks penetrate the surface and anchor themselves in the sheet's structure,

yielding superb print definition and pigment holdout.

Durability: These sheets are made for durable applications and harsh environments, so it's

perfect for labels and tags. It can be washed and even steam-pressed. And its ruggedness

provides abrasion-resistance during packing and shipping. The plastic/polymer sheet is bright


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white and features excellent opacity, which makes it perfect for printing bar codes. High

speed scanning machines find these sheets an "easy read." These die-cut easily – great for

apparel tags. And for labels, these expand and contracts during the filling step.

Waterproof: All these sheets are waterproof makes it the material to use for a wide range of

special applications, large and small; including banners, pennants, maps, and point-of-

purchase materials. It can stand up to the elements while maintaining its good form and

integrity. These sheets hold their shape and deliver fine graphics. The sheet can be stitched

and grommeted; it can lay flat, drape, and roll. All these sheets also allow for quality offset

printing.

Security: PVC, RPC and Teslin sheets, a single-layer uncoated film, is the most secure

bonding sheet that exists for toners, inks, adhesives, coatings, and laminating films of all

types. The lamination peel strength of these sheets is between two and six times that of

coated papers or other synthetic stocks. They require no edge seal to produce a durable,

tamper-proof piece. For identification cards, licenses, and important travel documents, they

sheet remains secure.

Adaptability: Of all the three, Teslin sheet is amazingly versatile. It can be printed fixed

information offset or flexo. Later, it can take variable information with thermal transfer,

laser, or ink jet.

General Characteristics Synthetic printing sheet is truly a unique material that looks, prints and fabricates like paper,

but is durable like plastic film. A microporous structure makes these sheets absorptive yet

water-resistant, soft, but strong, and highly printable and durable. The sheet is a

dimensionally stable, highly filled, single layer, microporous film. It is polyolefin-based with

60% of its weight comprised of non-abrasive filler and 65% of its volume comprised of air.

The porous, uncoated nature of sheet allows inks, adhesives, coatings and laminating films to

penetrate into its structure to form strong anchor points with the substrate. Although fluid

may penetrate, there is excellent holdout of pigment particles on the surface.


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A wide range of printing and fabricating techniques are compatible with the sheet. It

can be printed or imaged with offset, monochrome laser, color laser, flexography, gravure,

letterpress, intaglio, thermal transfer, ink jet, and screen-printing processes. A number of

finishing techniques and fabricating methods can also be used with the sheet, including

perforating, punching, folding, sewing and grommeting, and foil stamping and embossing.

These sheets come in different colours, and finisheses. Opacity is excellent, even at low

weights and thicknesses.

The sheet is stronger in the machine direction (down the web) than in the cross

direction. Tears may occur in the machine direction, but not in the cross direction.

Printing on PVC, RPC or Teslin Sheet One of the unique features of synthetic printing sheet is the wide range of printing processes

on which it can be used to produce images, artwork and text. The following sections give

general information and a current understanding of important factors to consider when using

plastic/polymer sheet with various printing technologies. This information is provided for

guidance in getting started with printing on plastic/polymer sheet. These printing processes

have been evaluated used for printing on polymer /plastic:

• Offset Lithography

o Sheet Fed

o Web Fed

§ Ink Requirements & Suppliers

• Flexography

• Gravure

• Letterpress

• Intaglio

• Overprint Coatings/Varnishes

• Laser Printers and Copiers (monochrome and color)

• Thermal Transfer Printing

• Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer (D2T2) Printing

• Ink Jet Printing

• Carbonless Imaging


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• Screen Printing

• Digital Presses

Offset Lithography -Sheet Fed While plastic/polymer sheet is a synthetic printing substrate, it should be unique among

synthetics with its porous and absorptive qualities. To ensure performance on press, the

proper ink must be used. Inks required for plastic/polymer sheet are different than those used

on other substrates. They must be long bodied, low tack, very slow setting, and have a very

high solids content but low volatile solvent content. These are not the typical inks used for

printing non-absorbent plastic substrates.

Key points to remember when printing plastic/polymer sheet are:

• This sheet will allow inks to set up very fast; at least as fast as uncoated paper, and

much faster than other synthetics. Offsetting is not a problem. Most inks will take

from 4 - 24 hours to reach maximum hardness.

• All yellow inks and match colors with yellow pigment content should be formulated

for use with the sheet.

• The sheet absorbs water on press the way paper does. There is no need to modify

fountain solutions. Etch conditions used for paper should work fine. Fountain

solutions between 4.5 - 6.0 pH are acceptable. The highest quality product will be

obtained with minimum water.

• The sheet is porous and, therefore, compressible. Only minimal squeeze is required to

ensure uniform coverage. Excessive squeeze may result in poor fit or loss of

registration and print quality problems. If the job is being set up on paper, be sure to

adjust squeeze for the actual thickness of plastic/polymer sheet when switch stocks.

Measure the thickness because plastic/polymer sheet is thicker than it feels. A

squeeze of 0.5 - 1.0 mil should be sufficient.

• For optimum press feed reliability, fan the sheets prior to printing. If possible, a mill

cut edge should be the lead edge.

• Make sure that the double feed detector is set properly.

• Static should not be any more of a problem with plastic/polymer sheet than with

paper. If you do experience static, wind or fan the sheets as you would with paper.


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Use of static eliminating tinsel on the delivery section of the press can also help

reduce static build-up.

• The sheet is very light. Excessive vacuum on suction cups can leave marks on the

sheet surface. Therefore, the vacuum at the suction cups in the feed area should be

reduced. If a sheet cleaner is used, it should be turned off. With thinner gauges, a very

minimal amount of spray powder will help the sheets deliver.

• Brushes and wheels should be moved to outside the print area if possible.

• Sweep settings will be as much as 20 to 30% higher on plastic/polymer sheet than

with coated paper stocks.

• Printed sheet will not generally have high gloss, but should give very good contrast,

high quality dot structure and reproduction, good ink holdout, and superior ink

adhesion.

• Plastic/polymer sheet is stronger and more extensible than paper. If a jam is

experienced on press, remove the sheet with caution. It will not tear like paper.

Offset Lithography - Ink Requirements The absorptive nature of special plastic/polymer sheet allows inks to set very quickly. Drying

or curing of the ink film occurs at a normal rate due to oxidation or cross-linking of the ink

film. As a result, inks used with special plastic/polymer sheet will be different than inks

typically recommended for printing plastic films or other synthetic printing substrates.

Offset lithographic inks used with special plastic/polymer sheet should have these

properties:

• Less than 4% VOC (compounds which evaporate within one hour at 110° C)

• Tack of 12 at 1200 rpm

• Good tack stability

• Slow setting

• No Hansa yellows (Hansa yellows have a tendency to strike through the sheet. The

color density on the printed surface remains constant; however, the yellow color

migrates through the sheet to the backside. The phenomenon is related to the

sublimation of the Hansa yellow pigments).

• Yellow pigments, which have been used successfully:


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o Diarylide Yellow

o Roma Color AAOT #14 (800 284-8829)

o Ciba Geigy #93, #109, #174, #13 (888 873-2422 x2781)

• Yellow pigments to avoid:

• Mono azo or arylide yellows; trade name - Hansa yellow

Color Index Name Shade

1 Arylide G Warm Yellow

3 Arylide 10G Greenish Yellow

4 Arylide 13G Slight Green

65 Arylide RN Reddish Yellow

73 Arylide GX Bright Yellow

74 Arylide 5GX Lemon Yellow

97 Arylide FGL Bright Yellow

Offset Lithography - Ink Suppliers Following is a limited list of ink suppliers who have prepared inks meeting the guidelines for

printing on special plastic/polymer sheet. In most cases, the phone number given is for the

contact location, which supplies the ink sample. Most suppliers have multiple locations,

which can supply the correct ink. Other ink suppliers may also be able to supply correctly

formulated inks to successfully print special plastic/polymer sheet.

Ink Supplier / web address

Countries Served

Location / Phone Ink Series

Braden Sutphin USA Cleveland, OH, (216) 271-2300 Teslin® Synthetic Stock Sun Chemical, Ltd. www.sunchemical.com

Canada Toronto, Ontario M9L-253, (416) 749-8133

BIO-Tech

Flint Ink www.flintink.com

USA Detroit, MI, (734) 622-6000 Agri-tek Process Colors (Soy Based)

Michael Huber Munchen Germany Folien 49 N 5030

Inx International Inks www.inxink.com

USA Chicago, IL, (312) 421-0675 Teslin® Synthetic Stock

Kramer Ink USA (West)

Los Angles, CA, (562) 946-8847 Teslin® Synthetic Stock

Flint Ink, Ltd. www.flintink.com

Canada Concord, ON L4K 3V4, (734) 660-0360

Agri-tek Process Colors (Soy Based)

Sun Chemical/General USA Northlake, IL, (708) 562-0550 Naturaglo Link


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Printing Ink Superior Inks www.superiorink.com

USA New York, NY, (212) 741-3600 Teslin® Synthetic Stock

Toyo International Inks USA Canada Japan

USA, (800) 227-OYO, Canada DuPont-Toyo, Japan Toyo

TSP-400

VanSon Holland www.vansonink.com

USA Long Island, NY, (516) 294-8811 Tough Tex, Tough Tex LR, Mega-laser

Colorcon USA (215) 661-2622 FDA Inks SICPA (Security Inks) Internatio

nal (888) 742-7287 Plastoffset

Chemical Compatibility of Identity Card Substrate Printing sheet is to be composed of a very high molecular weight. Inorganic acids should

generally have little effect on the dimensions and mechanical properties of the sheet even at

elevated temperatures (e.g., 122° F). Certain organic acids can cause swelling of the polymer.

Strongly oxidizing acids, e.g., concentrated nitric and fuming sulfuric acids will attack the

polymer phase and lead to embrittlement and loss of properties of the sheet. Hydrofluoric

acid will dissolve the silica filler leading to shrinkage of product. Aqueous solutions of acidic

or neutral salts generally do not affect the dimensions or physical properties of the sheet.

Bases with a pH level of less than approximately 8.5 should have little effect on the

dimensions of the sheet. Alkali bases (e.g., sodium or potassium hydroxide) at higher pH

levels or elevated temperatures will attack the silica filler and lead to shrinkage as the silica is

removed from the sheet. Elevated temperatures may also lead to dimensional changes with

weaker bases.

Polar solvents, e.g., alcohols and esters, typically have little to no effect on the

dimensions or physical properties of the sheet. Some discoloration has been noted when

highly colored impurities in such solvents are absorbed on the silica in the sheet. Chlorinated

organic and aromatic solvents - generally the most aggressive organic solvents - cause

swelling of the sheet and some loss of tensile properties.

General results of chemical exposure testing are reported below. Samples should be

tested under actual or simulated use conditions to confirm the stability of the sheet in the

proposed environment.

Expected Chemical Resistance of the Sheet at 70 ° F


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Chemical Conc., % Contact Time, Hr. Strength Effect on Color Dimension Nitric Acid 10 100 None None --- Nitric Acid 70 10 Some Some --- Phosphoric Acid 10 10 None None --- Hydrochloric Acid 37 1000 None Slight --- Sulfuric Acid 10 1000 None None --- Sulfuric Acid 96 1000 None Slight --- Ammonium Hydroxide 28 1000 None None Shrinkage Sodium Hydroxide 40 1000 Some None Shrinkage Methyl Ethyl Ketone 100 1000 None None --- Toluene 100 1000 None None Slight Swelling Glycerol 100 1000 Some None Swelling Ethyl Acetate 100 1000 None None --- Tetrahydrofuran 100 1000 None None --- Xylene 100 1000 None None --- Expected 24-Hour Solvent Resistance of Sheet at 70 ° F

Effect On Length Thickness

Preferred Solvents

Methanol None None 2-Propanol None None n-Butyl Alcohol None None n-Propanol None None Acetone None None Ethyl Acetate None None Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone) None None Hexane None None Petroleum Ether None None Tetrahydrofuran None None Use Sparingly n-Hexyl Alcohol None Slight Methylene Chloride None Slight Mineral Spirits Slight None Toluene Slight None Xylene Slight None Kerosene Slight None Avoid If Possible

Glycerol Some None Isobutyl Acetate None Some

Features Commercial Printers Look For

• Printable by all methods

• Durable printed image


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• Receptive to adhesive systems

• Good chemical-resistance

• Foldable

• Embossable

• Foil stampable

• Tear –resistant

• Waterproof

• Excellent lamination strength

• Abrasion-resistant

• Low static

• Conformable

• Good thermal resistance

• Good cold crack resistance

• Low particulates

• Accepts carbonless image

• High fold endurance

• Excellent for barcodes

• Good smudge and scuff resistance

• Breathable

• Steam sterilizable

• Flexible

• Compatible with standard label application machinery

Card Production / Structure Literature on production process of security cards are not normally publically available. Even

the information available with the domain experts are not normally shared. But professional

and official requests are always responded duly. However a basic structure of modern

identity card is shown below.


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Some Contacts http://www.ppg.com/chm_teslin/contact/gencontact.htm

Telephone the Customer and Technical Service Center: 1-800-437-8318 or (724) 325-5921

Fax the Customer and Technical Service Center: (724) 325-5044

Conclusion The report presented is only a very basic and preliminary survey on the feasibility of

producing producing National Identity Cards by Offset Lithographic printing process. This

also requires additional facilities for incorporation of electronic components and finishing

and converting facilities. However upon giving a go ahead a detailed report can be prepared

in three months’ time.


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Product Compatibility by a Vendor


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Glossary

ABS Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, plastic material formed through injection molding, used for some smart cards. Access Control Card Magnetic or chip cards with or without photo used to enter restricted areas eg. ID badges. Blank Cards Cards with no printing usually used in imagining machines Chip A piece of silicon etched with an electronic circuit. Coercivity A measure of the strength of a magnetic field. Fields are expressed as low or high by the terms LoCo and HiCo. Combi-card Holding both contact and contactless technology on one card. Contact A point of electrical connection between a smart card and its external interface device. Contact Card Any card where information is transferred to a reader via a series of contact points located on the card. Contactless Card Smart card which transfers data using radio frequency technology via a transmitter and receiver. Degaussing Magnetic stripe data erasure. Digitizing Conversion of non-textual data to digital form. EMV A standard or specification endorsed by Mastercard or Visa. Electronic Purse Smart card stored value program. Embossing Characters in relief on the front surface of a card. Encoding Recording electronic information on to a magnetic stripe.


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Encryption Transferring information based on a key to make it intelligible to unauthorized parties. Financial Hologram Card Financial cards using a hologram, 30 mil thickness, ISO cards, Mastercards/Visa and others. Financial Other Usually Debit, Check, Charge or ATM cards not using a hologram. GSM Global System for Mobile Communication, a widely used digital mobile phone standard. Gift Card A retail prepaid card usually initiated at cash or checkout. Hologram A flat optical image which looks three-dimensional to the naked eye. Holographic foil the foil used to carry embossed holographic images. Initialization Programming a smart card chip with data that is the same for a batch of cards. ID Card Card which identifies both the bearer and the issuer. All financial transaction cards are ID cards. ISO International Standards Organization, central body for formation and dissemination of industry standards for all national standards bodies. Issuer An individual or organization that issues identification cards to individual or corporate cardholders. Lithography or Offset Printing Most common process for plastic card printing based on the concept that oil and water are not compatible. The ink represents the oil and the alkaline fountain solution represents the water. These are the two main components, which must interact during the printing process, allowing the ink to adhere to the image area of a printing plate while the fountain solution repels the ink from the non-image area. Lamination Using plates on a press to fuse the various layers of a plastic card together. Loyalty Card Usually a retail frequent user card offering promotional benefits.


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Magnetic Stripe The strip of magnetic recording material on an ID card. Membership Card Usually a club member card for ID purpose. Multi-application Card Smart card that can handle a variety of applications. Non-magnetic Card Cards without a magnetic stripe eg. ID cards. Oersted The unit of magnetic coercive force used to define difficult of erasure of magnetic material. Off-line A transaction via paper or reader not connected to a central system. On-line A transaction on a terminal permanently connected to a network that is on-line to the card account. Optical Card Card with information recorded on an optical memory stripe, similar to compact disks. Other Secure Card Usually Retail , Oil/Gas, Telecom, Transit, Pay TV cards. Pay TV Card Usually a chip card subscribing to a television service eg. satellite TV. Personalization Printing, encoding and programming a card with data specific to an individual cardholder. Prepaid Card… A card paid for at point of sale permitting the holder to buy goods and services up to the prepaid value. Promotional Card A card offering special benefits to users eg, discount card. Proximity Card A contactless card whose presence and data can be sensed by an interface device not in physical contact with the card. PVC Polyvinyl chloride, the most widely used plastic material for ID cards. Radio Frequency Card (RFID) A proximity card in which the coupling between the card and the interface device is by radio.


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Secure Card Cards with an intrinsic value. eg. financial, other secure etc. Screen Printing Method in which ink is forced through a design-bearing screen made of silk or other material onto the substrate being printed. Signature Panel The area of an ID card where the cardholder enters a signature. SIM Subscriber Identification Module: the smart card necessary for the operation of GSM phones. Skimming… Copying the magnetic stripe encoding from one card to another. Smart Card…(aka Chip Card, IC Card) A plastic credit card sized card that contains one or more semiconductor chips. In the capability category, there are three types: Memory Card smart card that stores and retrieves serial “streams” of data that are sent to or received from the semiconductor chip. Protected Memory Card smart card that requires a secret code or PIN number to be entered before the data can be sent to or received from the semiconductor chip. Microprocessor Card contains a microprocessor chip with a microcode that defines a command structure, a data file structure and a security structure in the card. SET Secure Electronic Transaction, a MasterCard/Visa backed standard to allow safe Internet trading via encryption certification of all parties involved in a transaction. Stored Value Card (aka cash card, electronic purse, prepaid card) A financial card that is loaded with a certain amount of money with each purchase amount deducted from the card. Substrate Material upon which a plastic card is printed. Transit Card Magnetic or chip card used for transportation services eg. subway card. Telecom Card Magnetic or chip card used for telephone services eg. GSM card, prepaid card.


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Traditional Card A magnetic or non magnetic card not using chip card technology. UV Printing UV printing is used to print on plastic, foil, and specialty substrates. UV light is used to dry specially formulated inks that are printed on non-porous materials. In conventional printing, ink dries as it is absorbed into paper. Because plastic is not absorbent, the ink must be dried on the top surface using UV light. Weigand Wire Magnetic media embedded in cards for access control applications. Reference

1. The author has extensively referred his sources of professional friends which is duly

acknowledged.

2. www.bambooweb.com

3. www.wikipedia.com

4. World Wide Web

Printing of National Identity Cards

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