Printing Ink Testing Astm

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Paint and Coating

Testing Manual15th Edition of the Gardner-Sward Handbook

Joseph V. Koleske

Editor


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Paint and CoatingTesting Manual

Fifteenth Edition of the Gardner-Sward Handbook

Joseph V. Koleske, EDITOR

ASTM Stock Number, MNL17-2ND

ASTM International

100 Barr Harbor Drive

PO Box C700

West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959

Printed in U.S.A.


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ii

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Paint and coating testing manual : 15th edition of the Gardner-Sward

handbook / Joseph V. Koleske [editor].p. cm.ASTM Stock Number: MNL17-2ndISBN 978-0-8031-7017-9

1. Paint materialsTesting. 2. Paint materialsAnalysis. I.Koleske, J. V., 1930-

TP936.5.P34 2011667'.60284dc23

2011034983

Copyright 2012 ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproducedor copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media,without the written consent of the publisher.

Photocopy RightsAuthorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use of specific clients is granted byASTM International provided that the appropriate fee is paid to ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO BoxC700. West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9634; online: http://www.astm.org/copyright/

ASTM International is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in the publication. ASTMdoes not endorse any products represented in this publication.

Printed in Bridgeport, NJJanuary, 2012


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iv CONTENTS

Chapter 21Colored Organic Pigments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Paul Merchak

Chapter 22Inorganic Colored Pigments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234Peter A. Lewis

Chapter 23Ceramic Pigments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Richard A. Eppler

Chapter 24Extender Pigments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Richard A. Eppler

Chapter 25Metallic Pigments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Russell L. Ferguson

Chapter 26Effect Pigments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Paul J. Nowak

Chapter 27Measurement of Gonioapparent Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Allan B. J. Rodrigues

Chapter 28Protective Coatings and Inorganic Anti-Corrosion Pigments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282Lucien Veleva

Chapter 29Oil Absorption of Pigments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Charles W. Glancy

Part 7: Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 30Bactericides, Fungicides, and Algicides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Janet H. Woodward

Chapter 31Surfactants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Elvira Stesikova and Heinz Plaumann

Chapter 32Coalescing Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Kevin W. McCreight

Chapter 33Thickeners and Rheology Modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Gregory D. Shay

Part 8: Physical Characteristics of Liquid Paints and Coatings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

Chapter 34Density and Specific Gravity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

Raymond D. Brockhaus and Ben J. Carlozzo

Chapter 35Characterizing Particle Size and Size Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389George D. Mills

Chapter 36Rheology and Viscometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415Richard R. Eley

Chapter 37Surface Energetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Gordon P. Bierwagen, Andrew Huovinen, and Bobbi Jo Merten

Chapter 38Solubility Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Charles M. Hansen

Part 9: Films for Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Chapter 39Cure: The Process and Its Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497Thomas J. Miranda

Chapter 40Film Preparation for Coating Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Robert D. Athey, Jr.

Chapter 41Measurement of Film Thickness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514John Fletcher and Joseph Walker

Chapter 42Drying Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528Thomas J. Sliva

Part 10: Optical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Chapter 43Color and Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Robert T. Marcus


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vi CONTENTS

Chapter 67Water-Repellent Coatings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807Victoria Scarborough and Thomas J. Sliva

Part 14: Analysis of Paint and Paint Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Chapter 68Analysis of Paint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Darlene Brezinski

Chapter 69The Analysis of Coatings Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

George D. Mills

Part 15: Instrumental Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849

Chapter 70Atomic Absorption, Emission, and Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851Dwight G. Weldon

Chapter 71Chromatography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856Rolando C. Domingo and updated by Rey G. Montemayor

Chapter 72Electron Microscopy Overview with Coating Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881David R. Rothbard and John G. Sheehan

Chapter 73Infrared Spectroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Dwight G. Weldon

Chapter 74Methods for Polymer Molecular Weight Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908

Thomas M. SchmittChapter 75Ultraviolet/Visible Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

George D. Mills

Chapter 76X-Ray Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920A. Monroe Snider, Jr.,

Part 16: Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Chapter 77Paint and Coating Specifications and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943Joseph V. Koleske

Part 17: New Coating Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949

Chapter 78Radiation Curing of Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Joseph V. Koleske

Chapter 79Powder Coating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957Joseph V. Koleske

Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9


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Preface

vii

For historical purposes, it is important to point out thatat a January 1967 meeting o ASTM Committee D01 heldin Washington, D.C., the American Society or Testing andMaterials (ASTM International) accepted ownership o the

Gardner-Sward Handbook rom the Gardner Laboratory.It was through this laboratory that Dr. Henry A. Gardnerpublished the previous twelve editions o the manual.Acceptance o this ownership gave ASTM an assumedresponsibility or revising, editing, and publishing utureeditions o this well-known, respected manual. The under-taking was assigned to Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications. This com-mittee established a permanent subcommittee, D01.19 onGardner-Sward Handbook, whose stated scope is delin-eated below. The 13th edition was published in 1972 as thePaint Testing Manual (STP 500) with Mr. G. G. Sward aseditor and contributor. It was updated, expanded, and pub-lished in 1995 as the 14th edition, Paint and Coating Testing

Manual (MNL 17) with Dr. Joseph V. Koleske as editor andcontributor. The manual has served the industry well in thepast by providing useul inormation that cannot be readilyound elsewhere.

It has been about iteen years since the 14th editionwas published. Interest in the manual has been strongthrough the years. This new edition o the Paint and CoatingTesting Manual, the Fifteenth Edition of the Gardner-SwardHandbook (MNL 17), has been updated and expanded.

The scope o the new edition is in keeping with thestated scope o Subcommittee D01.19:

To provide technical, editorial, and general guid-ance or the preparation o the Fourteenth andsubsequent editions o the Gardner-Sward Hand-

book. The handbook is intended or review o bothnew and experienced paint technologists and thepast, present, and oreseeable trends in all kinds otesting within the scope o Committee D01. It sup-plements, but does not replace, the pertinent partso the Societys Book o Standards. It describes,briely and critically all Test Methods believed to

have signiicance in the world o paint technology,whether or not these tests have been adopted oi-cially by the Society.

Once again, in this new edition, ASTM standard testmethods, procedures, and other documents are described inminimal detail, with the various volumes o theASTM Bookof Standards remaining the primary source o such inorma-

tion. An eort was made to include reerences in the absenceo ASTM documents concerning industrial, national, inter-national, and other society test methods. The new editioncontains either new chapters, or the previous topics/chap-ters in rewritten/revised orm. In a ew cases, the previousedition was merely updated, attesting to either the quality

o the earlier writing, the lack o development in the area,or the apparent waning o interest in the topic. A variety omodern topics have been included. New chapters have beenadded as, or example, Measurement o GonioapparentColors, Suractants, Powder Coating, and CoalescingAids. As in the previous edition, individual authors, expertsin their particular ields, were given a great deal o reedomin expressing inormation about their topics, but all chapters

were subjected to peer review by two colleagues. Thus, styleand content presentation may widely vary, but eorts weremade to have understandable syntax and thus readers shouldind the inormation useul and easy to read and put to use.

Manuals such at this one are prepared though a greatdeal o eort by the various authors and through the ableassistance and behind-the-scenes concerted eorts o peo-ple such as Ms. Kathy Dernoga and Ms. Monica Siperko oASTM International and Ms. Christine Urso, Ms. BarbaraCarbonaro, Ms. Theresa Fucito, Ms. Patricia Mayhew, andMs. Benita Hammer, o the American Institute o Physics, allo whom ensured that the manual was uniorm in style andgrammar and that manuscripts were submitted and pro-

cessed in a timely ashion. The real unsung and unnamed

contributors are the reviewers who gave encouragement tothe various authors through constructive criticism, editorialinormation, and recommendations without deleteriouslyattempting to alter manuscripts rom the authors intent.To all o these people, a heart-elt thank you. Your talentshave been utilized, you sacriiced much personal time, andyou were patient with the numerous delays encountered onthe road to making the manual a success.

Joseph V. KoleskeEditor


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viii

Introduction

PAST TO PRESENTThe previous edition o this manual, the 14th, describedin detail the changes that took place in the coating indus-

try rom the early 1970s to the early- to mid-1990s. Pub-lished in 1995, the 14th edition classiied powder coating,radiation-cured coatings, and higher-solids coatings asnew, with a potentially reasonable growth curve. It notedthat at the time, all liquid coatings were at higher solidscontent (lower volatile organic solvent content) than inthe 1960s when Rule 66 came into being. Powder coat-ing and radiation curing were suiciently new enoughthat chapters related to testing them were not includedin the manual. High-solids development still struggledwith the diiculties o decreasing molecular weight orlow viscosity purposes and achieving the low molecularweight with unctionality on all molecules that qualitycoatings require. However, the solids level has increased

in solvent-based coatings and achievements have beenrealized in decreasing volatile organic content (VOC).

Since that time, powder coating has exploded. Todaythe technology is well established, has a signiicant share othe coatings market, is internationally accepted, and has astrong technical society that aids in uture growth. To illus-trate the widespread acceptance o powder coatings, onemerely needs to look at advertisements. Outdoor metal ur-niture advertisements, or example, proudly include wordsthat imply quality and durabilitythat is to say, powder-coated inishes.

O course, such urniture certainly is not the only com-mercial outlet or powder coatings. Applications includelighting ixtures, tubing and aerosol cans, automobile and

bicycle wheels, rebars, store ixtures, agriculture and con-struction materials, and on and on. Initially, colors andcolor changeovers were considered to be a major obstacleto powder coating development, but today a broad varietyo colors is available, including many metallic and specialeect inishes with abrasion resistance, brilliance, andoverall high quality. Powder coating provides quality, econ-omy in manuacturing space, increased production, energyusage reduction, and other acets important to product

development and sales in todays marketplace.As with powder coating, radiation curing o coatings

with either ultraviolet or electron beam radiation is nolonger a new process. This technology also has been experi-encing strong growth since the last edition o this manual.

It is the technology in which, through an in situ means, alow viscosity liquid system is converted into a polymericilm or coating directly on a substrate that can be variedin naturei.e., metal, wood, plastic, composite structures,etc. In eect, the originally liquid system is instantaneouslyconverted into the inal high molecular weight, cross-linkedcoating. Radiation curing o liquid systems is not limitedto coatings, and it is growing in the printing ink and adhe-sive areas. It is considered to be green technology, is wellestablished in the marketplace, has garnered a signiicantportion o the total coatings market, has a strong technicalsociety dedicated to it, and is internationally accepted.

Radiation-curing technology has many acets that willensure uture growth. Harbourne1 has pointed out thatover and above the usual advantages behind ultraviolet

radiation curing technologyenergy conservation, usageeiciency, and environmental conservationits drivingorce is the act that the UV process has enabled produc-

tion and development o products that could not have beenachieved with earlier existing technologies. Such productsinclude lexible electronics or energy storage and circuitdevelopment, polymeric solar cells, printable electronics,medical devices, touch screens, optical ilms, and on andon. In the area o solar energy, highly eicient organicphotovoltaic cells are being developed that are thinner andlighter in weight with signiicantly decreased productioncosts. Such cells are used in emergency power genera-tion, lighting, and outdoor power generation. New smartmaterials with sel-healing properties will provide overall

cost savings through high value-added inishes on a varietyo substrates. Solvent-based, high-solids coating systemscontinue to be developed. Such coatings have markedlydecreased volatile organic content and provide high qualitycoatings and reduced environmental damage.

FUTUREAs described above, powder and radiation-cured coatingshave been experiencing excellent growth over the pastdecade or so, with each technology growing on its ownmerits. More recently, a combination o the two tech-nologiesUVCurable Powder Coatingshas very goodgrowth potential. New opportunities or the combinationare due to the same beneits mentioned aboveeconomic,

environmental, process, energy savings, and increasedproductivity.2 The combination is meeting the less expen-sive, more rapid, and high quality challenges required bythe demanding customers o today. The coatings are beingused on medium-density iberboard, plastics and other heatsensitive substrates, composites, and preassembled partsincluding completed items. Preassembled items oten con-

tain a number o dierent materials such as electronic com-ponents, gaskets, rubber seals, and the like--all o whichare heat sensitive in nature. The ability to coat and curesuch combinations with systems based on the combinedtechnologies results in less thermal damage to the sensitivematerials and thus greater eiciency and productivity alongwith cost savings.

Nanotechnology is a ield o emerging technology thatmay hold great promise in the uture or the coatings, inks,and adhesives industry and certainly or a broad variety oother industries. Nanotechnology has broad implications

1 Harbourne, A. D. P., The Evolution o UV Photopolymerizationin Global Industrial Manuacturing Markets and the PromisingOutlook or the Future o the Technology, The 31st InternationalCongress on Imaging Science, Beijing, China, pp. 013015 (2010).2 Schwarb, Ryan and Knoblauch, Michael, New Opportunities orUV-Curable Powder Coatings, Coatings World, Volume 16, Num-ber 5, pp 43-48 (May 2011).


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INTRODUCTION ix

or new products and there are multi- and interdisciplinary

eorts in progress. The technology deals with science onthe nano, or one billionth-size, scale. Nanometer particlesare 0.000000001 meter or 0.001 o a micrometer in size.Within the technology, an assembler or molecular manu-acturing technique is used to position molecules throughchemical reaction or interaction into new products orexisting products with enhanced properties. Although theterm nanotechnology was initially used to deine eortsconducted on a molecular scale, currently the term hastaken on a loose connotation or anything that is very smallwhere small means something that is most usually smallerthan a micrometer. Many examples o nanometer-designedproducts exist and a ew o these are given below.

Recently a plant was built o produce carbon nano-tubes3. Such tubes in combination with aluminum resultin new lightweight, high strength composite materials

that have promise in the energy, electrical, and computerindustries. In another area, a multilayered, polymeric nano-composite has been devised and it is thought to have thepotential to make a sel-healing paint.4 In this technology,

emulsion polymerization processes are used to develop apolymeric product that is covered with a silica-based layero nanoparticles. Nanocomposite coatings or abrics havealso been described5. These coatings improve gas barrierproperties as well as enhance mechanical characteristics.

Another area that is receiving attention is additivesor coating ormulation. An additive that improves prop-erties o water-based metal coatings has been described6.Although the additive is not chemically described, it is saidto increase crosslink density and thereby various mechani-cal properties o cured ilms. An additive to accelerate theradiation-curing process is a small particle-sized version onepheline syenite that is prepared by a micronizing pro-

cess7. The micronized, ultra-ine orm o this combination

mineralsoda eldspar, potash eldspar, and nepheline--issaid to enhance optical and physical perormance in clearindustrial and wood coatings. Properties such as gloss,

3 Anon, Bayer MaterialScience Builds Carbon Nanotubes Plant,Paint and Coatings Industry, Volume 25, Number 11, p. 12 (Nov.2009).4 Colver, Patrick J., Colard, Catheline A. L., and Bon, Stean A. F.,Multilayered Nanocomposite Polymer Colloids Using EmulsionPolymerization Stabilized Solid Particles, J. American ChemicalSociety, Volume 150, No. 50, pp. 1685016851 (2008).5 Eberts, Kenneth, Ou, Runquing, and Shah, Kunal, Nanocompos-ite Coatings or High-Perormance Fabrics, Paint and Coatings In-dustry, Volume 26, No. 4, pp. 3236 (April 2010).6 Herold, Marc, Burgard, Detle, Steingrover, Klaus, and Pilotek,

Steen, A Nanoparticle-based Additive or the Improvement oWater-Based Metal Coatings, Paint and Coatings Industry, Volume16, Number 8, pp. 2427 (Aug. 2010).7 Van Remortel, Scott P. and Ratcli, Robert E., Ultrafne Neph-eline Syenite as a Durable and Transparent Additive to AccelerateRadiation Cure, Paint and Coating Industry, Volume 27, Number3, pp. 2734 (Mar. 2011).

hardness, and scratch resistance are altered in a desir-able manner. Cure rate via double bond conversion wasenhanced in the presence o these very small mineral par-ticles.

TESTINGAs listed in Table 1, ASTM International has developedseveral documents that are useul in the area o nano-technology. Although the documents are not necessarilydirectly related to coatings and paints, they provide useulbackground or investigators in this ield and, as is appar-ent, useul guides or laboratory eorts in the areas o ter-minology, particle handling, eect o nanoparticles on redblood cells, particle mobility through a graduated index,and other areas. In the uture, it is expected that this areawill urther develop within ASTM International.

Joseph V. KoleskeEditor

TABLE 1ASTM Standard Documents Relatedto Nanotechnology

ASTM

Designation

Document Title

E2456-06 Terminology Relating to Nanotechnology

E2490-09 Standard Guide for Measurement of

Particle Size Distribution of Nanomaterials

in Suspension by Photon Correlation

Spectroscopy (PCS)

E2524-08 Test Method for Analysis of Hemolytic

Properties of Nanoparticles

E2525-08 Test Method for Evaluation of the Effect of

Nanoparticulate Materials on the Formationof Mouse Granulocyte-Macrophage Colonies

E2526-08 Test Method for Evaluation of Cytotoxicity

of Nanoparticulate Materials in Porcine

Kidney Cells and Human HepatocarcinomaCells

E2530-06 Practice for Calibrating the Z-Magnification

of an Atomic Force Microscope at

Subnanometer Displacement Levels UsingSi(III) Monatomic Steps

E2535-07 Guide for Handling Unbound Engineered

Nanoscale Particles in Occupational Settings

E2578-07 Practice for Calculation of Mean Sizes/

Diameter and Standard Deviations ofParticle Size Distributions

E2676-09 Practice for Tangible Property Mobility

Index (MI)


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www.astm.org

ISBN: 978-0-8031-7017-9

Stock #: MNL17-2ND

Dr. Joseph V. Koleske is a retired Corporate Research

Fellow from Union Carbide Corporation in South

Charleston, West Virginia, where he served for 25

years. After retirement, he was a Senior Consultant

for Consolidated Research, Inc., for about ten years in

Charleston, West Virginia. In his career, he has worked

in the areas of material science; solution properties of

polymers, fibers, and polyurethanes; and high-solids,

powder, and radiation curable coatings.

He has been a member of ASTM International, the

Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, and

the University of Minnesotas CIE and has served onthe Editorial Review Board of the Journal of Coatings

Technology. He is the editor of the Paint and Coating

Testing Manual, Fourteenth Edition of the Gardner-

Sward Handbook. He has lectured about radiation-cured coatings during the annual summer

coatings short course at North Dakota State University.

Dr. Koleske received his B.S. (ChE) degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and M.S. and

Ph.D. degrees from the Institute of Paper Chemistry, Lawrence College, Appleton, Wisconsin.

He holds more than 100 patents in the above fields and is the author or coauthor of more than100 journal articles, book chapters, and books. Authored or coauthored books include Radiation

Curing of Coatings, ASTM International, Pennsylvania, 2002, Alkylene Oxides and Their Polymers,

Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1990, Poly(ethylene oxide), Academic Press, New York, 1976, and

Poly(vinyl chloride), Gordon & Breach, New York, 1969.

Joseph V. Koleske

Printing Ink Testing Astm

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