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CHEMICAL EXPOSURE IN PRINTING INDUSTRY

NURLIYANA MOH HUSSINNOR AINI ISMAIL

MOHD FARIS MOHD ZAWAWINURULHUDA ABDULLAH

OUTLINE• MAIN USED CHEMICAL IN PRINTING INDUSTRY• LEAD HAZARD• NICKEL HAZARD• POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) HAZARD• ISOCYANATE HAZARD• ACRYLATE HAZARD• ETHELENE GLYCOL HAZARD• OXALIC ACID HAZARD• TETRACHLOROETHELENE HAZARD• TRICHLOROETHELENE• PHOSGENE HAZARD

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PRINTING PROCESSES

• Lithographic printing • Screen printing • Gravure printing • Flexographic printing • Digital printing • Laminating

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PRINTING TASKS• Printing • Ink Mixing • Ink mixing and colour matching • Manual cleaning of presses • Automated cleaning of presses • On press cleaning • Manual off press cleaning • Automated off press cleaning • Manual film and plate development • Automated film and plate development

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CONT..• Stencil generation • Manual screen reclamation • Automated screen reclamation • Making photopolymer plates • Using isocyanate-based adhesives in

framemaking • Mixing and transferring isocyanate-based

adhesives • Using isocyanate-based adhesives in laminating • Drying and curing isocyanate-based adhesives

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MAIN USED CHEMICAL IN PRINTING INDUSTRY

CHEMICALLEAD

NICKEL

PAH

ISOCYANATE

ACRYLATES ETHELENE-GLYCOL

OXALIC ACID

TETRACHLORO

ETHELENE

TRICHLORO ETHELENE

PHOSEGENE

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LEAD HAZARD

Damage nervous connections (especially in young children) and cause blood and brain disorders

Cause weakness in fingers, wrists, or anklesCauses small increases in blood pressure,

particularly in middle-aged and older people and can cause anemia

Exposure to high lead levels can severely damage the brain and kidneys

Reduce fertility in men

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NICKEL HAZARD

• Carcinogen• Cardiovascular or blood toxicant• Developmental toxicant• Immunotoxicant• Neurotoxicant• Skin or sense organ toxicant

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POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH) HAZARD

ACUTE EFFECT CHRONIC EFFECT

eye irritation cataracts

nausea kidney damage

vomiting liver damage

diarrhea jaundice

confusion leukemia

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Effects on human health will depend mainly on the extent of exposure (length of time, etc), the amount one is exposed to (or concentration), the innate toxicity of the PAHs and whether exposure occurs via inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.

EXAMPLE OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON (PAH)

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• Anthracene• Benzo[a]pyrene • Chrysene • Coronene • Corannulene

•Naphthacene •Naphthalene •Pentacene •Phenanthrene• Pyrene• Triphenylene •Ovalene

ISOCYANATE HAZARD• severe sensitization • allergic dermatitis• irritation of mucous membranes• chest tightness,difficult breathing• include compounds classified as potential

human carcinogens and known to cause cancer in animals.

• Occupational asthma• Lung problem• DETECTION BY:derivatizing

reagent + UV detector

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ACRYLATE HAZARD• strong irritant of the ENT, and skin• caused drowsiness, headache, and nausea

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ACUTE EFFECT CHRONIC EFFECT

cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat

cause skin sensitization, with redness, swelling, and itching of the affected areas

runny nose, and burning of the throat

ETHELENE GLYCOL HAZARD

• Toxic to blood, kidneys, the nervous system, liver

• Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), ingestion and inhalation

• Exposure can cause nausea, headache and vomiting.

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OXALIC ACID HAZARD• Extreme (Poison)• Severe (Corrosive) to tissue lead to ulceration• When ingested, oxalic acid removes calcium

from the blood and induce kidney damage• Toxic! May cause burns, nausea, severe

gastroenteritis and vomiting, shock and convulsions( epileptic seizure)

• cause renal damage, as evidenced by bloody urine

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TETRACHLOROETHELENE HAZARD

• cause a dry, scaly, and fissured dermatitis• central nervous system depression• hepatic injury• cause irritation of the nose and throat • drowsiness, dizziness, giddiness, headache,

nausea, loss of coordination, confusion and unconsciousness

• anesthetic death

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TRICHLOROETHELENE HAZARD

ACUTE EFFECT CHRONIC EFFECT

irritation of the ENT and CNS dry, red and chapped skin (dermatitis)

High concentrations have caused numbness and facial pain, reduced eyesight, unconsciousness, irregular heartbeat and death.

headaches, dizziness, altered mood, loss of memory and inability to concentrate or sleep

severe skin irritant impaired liver function

severe eye irritant harm hearing

burning sensation in the mouth and throatabdominal pain

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PHOSGENE HAZARD• coughing • burning sensation in the throat and eyes • watery eyes • blurred vision • difficulty breathing or shortness of breath • nausea and vomiting • Skin contact can result in lesions similar to those

from frostbite or burns. • develop fluid in the lungs within two to six hours

(TOO HIGH PHOSGENE CONC.)

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• Other effects that may appear up to 48 hours after contact, even if the person feels better or appears well, include the following:

• difficulty breathing • coughing up white to pink-tinged fluid • low blood pressure • heart failure

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THANK YOU…

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