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7/15/2019 Print Test Page
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/print-test-page-56328079c0f88 1/201
Gernot Hoffmann
CieLab-Values by W.Faust IT8.7/2 / R011220 / Ref.D50 / Brad-yes G.Hoffmann / November 27 2004PostScript / sRGB / 709 primaries / whitepoint D65 / out of gamut marked by dot / grays equalized R=G=B
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction 2
2. General Test Page 4
3. IT8 Target 5
4. CIELab / sRGB Color Chart 8
5. CIELab / sRGB Grayscale Chart 9
6. Grayscale Conversions 12
7. Reflectance / Density / Visual Dot Area 15
8. Dot Gain 17
9. Black Generation 19
10. Files 20
Color Printer Test Pages
Settings for Acrobat
Edit / Preferences / General / Page Display (since version 6)
Custom Resolution 72 dpi
Edit / Preferences / General / Color Management (full version only)sRGBEuroscaleCoated or ISOCoated or SWOPGrayGamma 2.2
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Purpose: page 4 demonstrates many features for all kind of color laser, inkjet anddye sublimation printers. Especially helpful for testing a printer calibration.
Printable area: page alignment and printable area are shown by three frames.
Gray balance: the RGB graywedge 1 should be printed by rich black CMYK. Thiswedge is linear by numbers. At 0.5 we have R=G=B=128.Graywedge 2 (PostScript) should be printed by K-only. K is linear by numbers.
Linearity and ink transition: smoothness and linearity of primary inks CMY areshown top left by three wedges. Transitions of Magenta/ LightMagenta and Cyan/ Light Cyan for six-color-printers are also shown top left.
Saturation: fully saturated colors on the fan and on the wheel. Black L=0.0 to mediumlightness L= 0.5 and from L=0.5 to White L=1.0 . Hue, Lightness and Saturation aredefined by the HLS color order system. Linearly coded by numbers in sRGB.
Ink limit: problems with too much ink are apparent at the black end of the rich blackgraywedge, the black parts in the photo and in the ink limit swatch 300%. Dependingon the paper, the total ink limit should not be higher than 300% or 320%.
Black generation: Undercolor Removal UCR or Gray Component Replacement GCRcan be tested. The left gray portrait is RGB coded and should be printed by richblack. The right portrait is a grayscale, converted from the RGB image by 20% dot
gain.
General appearance: color photo, bottom large image.
Rastered black text: text is printed by 100%, 75% and 50% K-only.
Color accuracy: pages 5-7 show an IT8 scanner target: page 5 coded by sRGBpage 6 by ProPhotoRGB and page 7 coded by Lab.For sRGB some colors are out of gamut. These are marked by a dot and the RGBvalues are clipped. Load in Photoshop any page in its specific color space andmeasure RGB and Lab values. The values are colorimetrically correct but a littlerounded. Page 8 is used similarly.
Gray accuracy: page 9 shows a CIELab grayscale chart, coded by sRGB. This willbe printed mostly by K-only because of an internal interpretation of R=G=B.Page 10 shows a similar CIELab grayscale chart. B is a little modified. This pageshould be be printed always by CMYK rich black, nearly as neutral gray.Page 11 is defined as PostScript graphic with values K=0 to 100.
Grayscale conversions: chapter 6.2 shows several conversions.Images 1 to 6 are grayscales, coded by 1 byte per pixel. According to chapter 8.1each
dot gain can be replaced by an equivalent gamma. Images 7 and 8 are in CMYK withthree empty channels CMY, coded by 4 bytes per pixel.An improved workflow is explained in chapter 6.3.
1.1 Introduction
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1.2 Introduction
How to apply the test pages using a RIP (Raster Image Processor)
RGB source space sRGB
CMYK source space None
Destination space Actual printer profile
Rendering Intent Relative Colorimetric
This should show all components correctly printed. CMYK is passed through withoutany change. K-only should be printed by pure black.
How to apply the test pages using Photoshop
Resumed
Printing by a RIP retains all features of the test pages.
Printing by Photoshop should be done in RGB mode. The result is easily affected bywrong settings.
Open document in CMYK working space
CMYK values are correctly indicated. RGB values are converted to CMYK using theactual color spaces.
This mode can be used for printing but the RGB components cannot be reproducedcorrectly.
Open document in RGB working space
RGB values and Lab values are correctly indicated. CMYK values are converted toRGB using the actual color spaces. K-only components appear as rich black (theCMY channels are not empty).
This mode can be used for printing but the CMYK components cannot be reproducedcorrectly.
RGB color space sRGB
CMYK space Euroscale Coated
Grayscale Gamma=2.2
Destination space Actual printer profileRendering Intent Relative Colorimetric
The settings for Acrobat (Reader)
Color spaces sRGB / Euroscale Coated / Gray Gamma=2.2 (but see ch.6.3)
Soft proof Off
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Next text 75% black: Graywedge 1 should be printed by rich black CMYK. Graywedge 2 by K-only. Graywedge 1 has
always a tint until the printer is accurately color calibrated. The three CMY wedges should be printed by pure inks.Next text 100% black: Source working space for RGB components was sRGB. Artefacts may appear in the PDF
preview if Smooth Line Art is enabled in Acrobat.
CMYK
C M
Y K I n k L i m i t 3 0 0 % 7
0 / 7 0 / 6 0 / 1 0 0
RGB BMP-24
RGB BMP-24
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RGB BMP-24
C M Y RGB K-only
Grayscale DotGain 20%
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CIELab-Values by W.Faust IT8.7/2 / R011220 G.Hoffmann / June 17 2007PostScript coded by sRGB / D65 / Out of gamut marked by dot
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CIELab-Values by W.Faust IT8.7/2 / R011220 G.Hoffmann / June 17 2007PostScript coded by sRGB / D65 / Out of gamut marked by dot
62.039.542.0
77.629.837.5
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233.3235.5231.6
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233.6230.3235.3
33.420.722.8
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60.541.235.9
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81.532.221.1
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182.324.5
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186.1164.6157.1
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218.5122.0208.3
239.5217.9104.6
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213.1101.0201.1
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194.3194.3194.3
183.9183.9183.9
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160.5160.5160.5
149.3149.3149.3
138.3138.3138.3
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107.4107.4107.4
97.597.597.5
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67.667.667.6
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51.051.051.0
42.542.542.5
34.734.734.7
27.127.127.1
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17.217.217.2
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Coded by sRGB numbers / Background 118.9
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CIELab-Values by W.Faust IT8.7/2 / R011220 G.Hoffmann / June 17 2007PostScript coded by ProPhotoRGB / D50
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CIELab-Values by W.Faust IT8.7/2 / R011220 G.Hoffmann / June 17 2007PostScript coded by ProPhotoRGB / D50
40.031.831.7
46.528.328.5
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226.3224.3224.8
228.6230.3226.1
227.3224.8229.8
21.717.717.9
51.028.718.7
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39.032.527.8
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215.9205.6200.1
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204.8202.8222.1
35.523.318.1
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134.1105.9
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48.239.922.2
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42.242.025.3
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42.542.223.1
123.5122.3
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44.4
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35.5
186.5184.8165.3
186.8184.8144.1
187.3184.8127.9
188.1185.9
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161.3157.5202.6
90.162.436.2
110.8101.4
82.9
154.8138.8112.0
39.743.0
33.5
36.943.9
26.2
40.249.5
25.1
36.043.7
23.9
78.684.9
65.3
73.987.4
50.0
69.190.5
36.5
67.390.6
32.5
149.3154.1
136.6
145.6154.9
124.5
142.8156.1
111.9
129.6161.1
73.9
159.8192.5
213.6
196.6155.3
205.8
216.1217.9
146.3
128.5128.3
126.5
182.5146.1
131.6
147.3181.8
139.1
140.5135.1
190.8
125.377.6
26.7
100.176.5
36.2
137.1109.6
67.422.728.124.7
19.129.122.2
20.634.525.2
18.728.822.1
53.063.955.5
45.266.550.9
38.270.546.2
31.571.541.7
147.1154.3146.8
142.1155.8144.1
137.1157.8140.8
118.9162.6130.3
142.8180.8207.1
187.5136.8197.5
213.3213.6126.6
106.6106.3104.9
171.1127.3109.9
128.1167.6119.3
120.8114.0178.6
123.4111.8
83.4
146.1123.6
79.5
155.1135.8
97.4
28.735.535.9
24.737.437.5
24.141.741.9
22.637.938.2
62.773.974.9
54.776.576.5
47.081.479.9
39.282.683.5
147.1154.8154.1
140.6156.6156.1
135.3158.8159.3
118.1163.3163.5
125.8168.3199.5
178.5119.9188.9
210.8209.3109.5
86.486.585.4
160.6110.6
90.8
109.9153.6101.5
102.093.8
165.6
148.3134.1
93.8
146.9131.1
73.1
177.1153.1
38.2
30.235.040.0
27.336.247.0
26.639.756.7
25.137.052.2
65.673.582.8
58.974.994.8
54.779.9
111.5
49.082.0
126.1
147.3153.9162.1
143.6155.3169.8
138.8156.9179.5
129.1160.8198.1
111.5157.1192.3
169.3103.0179.8
208.6204.9
93.5
69.869.569.1
150.694.973.9
94.3140.6
85.9
86.375.6
153.1
158.9151.1
96.3
133.8131.8112.5
144.1146.9
80.9
41.942.254.9
41.242.569.5
40.742.584.9
40.942.7
107.4
83.083.495.5
83.083.0
110.9
82.583.3
125.0
81.584.6
156.1
153.3152.6161.9
153.5152.8170.3
153.3153.3179.6
152.6153.9200.3
97.4145.1183.8
160.387.6
170.5
205.9200.1
78.9
53.053.253.0
141.881.457.9
78.6126.9
70.8
71.058.5
139.9
158.3162.5
97.5
70.690.142.0
120.5147.8101.8
28.725.238.5
30.924.150.9
34.423.367.8
39.019.8
101.4
74.970.384.8
78.369.198.3
80.667.3
112.5
86.463.0
147.3
156.1151.8162.3
157.9151.1170.1
160.1149.8179.5
165.1148.6200.1
83.9132.6174.8
151.372.9
160.8
203.5194.5
64.5
38.939.239.2
132.568.143.0
63.9112.8
56.5
57.943.2
126.9
123.9153.1117.5
39.767.529.2
21.230.721.3
48.738.951.7
57.536.563.2
64.532.475.5
67.830.881.0
91.679.894.0
100.376.5
106.5
108.172.4
118.1
131.161.9
152.6
159.6149.8161.5
166.1148.3168.9
170.6144.8177.1
183.8139.1198.1
71.6119.6164.9
141.658.7
149.9
200.3187.9
52.2
26.726.927.2
123.355.930.5
50.097.944.4
47.229.9
113.5
28.736.529.8
20.727.525.9
23.130.537.2
40.731.7
36.9
47.528.2
37.9
58.229.7
44.5
48.926.7
38.2
83.167.5
76.1
96.464.1
79.5
109.158.0
82.4
120.845.2
85.5
161.3149.6
154.9
167.3147.1
157.1
174.3144.8
160.3
183.8140.1
164.1
60.4105.3
153.8
130.844.9
137.5
195.9178.9
40.7
16.716.9
17.5
112.944.7
19.7
37.581.5
32.7
38.218.2
99.4
15.316.2
18.2
18.216.5
19.9
28.220.7
24.2
230.5230.5230.5
208.5208.5208.5
194.6194.6194.6
181.3181.3181.3
169.3169.3169.3
156.5156.5156.5
143.1143.1143.1
131.1131.1131.1
119.5119.5119.5
109.5109.5109.5
97.997.997.9
88.388.388.3
78.878.878.8
69.569.569.5
61.261.261.2
52.052.052.0
45.245.245.2
38.538.538.5
31.831.831.8
26.226.226.2
20.820.820.8
18.318.318.3
15.615.615.6
14.514.514.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
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Coded by ProPhotoRGB numbers / Background 99.6
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CIELab-Values by W.Faust IT8.7/2 / R011220 G.Hoffmann / June 15 2007PostScript / CIELab coded / Reference white D50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
A
B
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CIELab-Values by W.Faust IT8.7/2 / R011220 G.Hoffmann / June 15 2007PostScript / CIELab coded / Reference white D50
18.811.2
2.9
18.823.6
6.5
21.733.4
9.6
18.627.7
7.6
38.415.0
4.2
38.929.3
9.8
39.543.215.1
39.562.420.2
69.07.83.2
69.314.4
5.3
69.421.1
7.4
69.629.210.2
93.0-0.9-0.5
91.91.4
-2.0
92.9-1.31.6
91.51.4
-0.1
91.51.30.0
92.9-1.31.8
91.81.8
-2.0
8.46.91.2
20.127.520.3
28.541.933.9
18.88.67.2
18.917.214.9
18.721.217.2
19.722.919.2
38.415.513.0
39.027.724.5
39.742.237.2
39.759.751.0
69.37.26.9
69.413.211.8
69.518.716.7
69.626.524.6
90.1-6.7-3.9
88.47.9
-6.0
92.1-2.610.5
85.00.01.2
86.86.94.4
89.1-8.67.0
85.32.3
-9.4
14.417.211.5
25.737.529.3
55.722.821.3
23.73.99.7
23.57.6
17.9
25.210.724.2
23.69.4
21.8
53.79.2
20.6
54.017.941.4
54.726.360.9
54.528.965.5
74.54.7
11.3
74.68.4
20.3
74.512.329.7
74.916.841.0
86.91- 2.3-7.7
83.815.91- 0.9
91.4-3.419.6
77.00.51.3
81.513.7
7.6
85.11- 5.411.1
78.33.9
1- 6.7
11.27.55.9
47.732.935.4
62.516.518.8
23.5-0.89.1
23.3-1.117.7
25.9-0.723.9
23.5-0.820.7
58.7-0.420.7
58.9-1.140.4
59.2-2.459.7
59.0-1.268.1
79.80.4
11.0
79.8-0.223.2
79.9-0.433.0
80.1-2.382.9
83.11- 7.91- 1.6
79.323.71- 5.5
90.3-3.829.7
68.50.41.2
76.020.111.9
80.52- 2.115.6
71.35.2
2- 3.7
37.926.630.9
51.77.5
14.9
66.111.319.6
23.3-5.3
8.6
23.21- 0.5
16.7
26.11- 3.9
22.7
23.11- 1.9
18.9
43.2-7.6
13.9
43.41- 5.9
27.2
43.92- 4.7
40.9
43.72- 7.2
44.9
69.3-4.6
9.6
69.1-8.8
16.7
69.11- 2.6
24.8
69.12- 9.2
51.7
79.12- 3.2
1- 5.6
74.431.7
2- 0.1
89.4-3.8
38.5
60.90.0
1.1
70.826.5
15.1
75.62- 8.2
19.1
63.77.3
3- 0.5
47.540.0
57.7
43.520.8
40.7
57.021.2
35.913.9-8.92.2
13.91- 7.2
5.2
16.72- 2.9
6.7
13.71- 7.6
5.1
33.01- 3.0
4.5
33.22- 6.3
8.7
33.94- 0.714.4
33.75- 1.518.2
69.0-6.03.2
69.01- 1.4
4.7
69.01- 7.2
6.6
68.83- 7.412.4
75.12- 7.71- 9.3
69.339.72- 4.5
88.3-3.248.4
52.70.40.9
65.332.919.3
70.83- 3.922.7
56.29.7
3- 6.7
55.98.8
21.8
61.516.534.4
65.513.728.2
18.5-9.9-2.3
18.71- 9.1-3.4
20.62- 5.7-4.6
18.72- 2.9-4.3
37.71- 2.3-3.1
37.72- 4.1-4.3
38.73- 8.4-5.4
38.54- 9.2-8.4
69.3-6.1-0.8
69.01- 2.8-2.2
69.11- 8.7-4.0
68.93- 6.9-6.8
70.83- 2.02- 2.9
64.547.02- 8.2
87.1-2.357.4
44.5-0.10.8
60.238.723.7
65.63- 9.425.7
48.712.54- 2.9
64.49.8
28.7
63.510.642.5
71.814.687.3
18.5-6.4-6.5
18.61- 1.91- 3.0
20.11- 6.81- 8.9
18.61- 5.81- 7.5
37.9-7.7-8.8
37.71- 5.71- 7.8
38.92- 4.72- 6.9
39.23- 1.63- 6.0
69.0-4.8-5.8
69.0-8.51- 0.1
68.91- 3.11- 5.4
69.12- 3.22- 5.1
66.83- 5.52- 6.2
59.554.43- 1.7
86.0-1.166.4
37.20.20.4
55.244.527.7
60.94- 3.928.5
41.416.24- 8.4
69.54.0
35.9
62.20.8
12.6
67.0-5.042.7
23.30.7
1- 1.7
23.30.9
2- 3.7
23.22.5
3- 5.7
23.55.3
5- 0.9
43.20.4
-8.8
43.21.9
1- 9.2
43.22.2
2- 8.3
43.52.5
4- 6.4
69.31.0
-5.3
69.41.4
-9.8
69.51.4
1- 4.7
69.51.4
2- 5.5
62.43- 8.42- 9.2
54.960.93- 4.7
84.80.4
74.8
29.2-0.20.1
50.749.532.9
55.94- 8.231.2
33.920.25- 3.5
72.0-5.739.5
43.92- 2.635.5
65.02- 5.124.6
13.76.8
1- 3.2
13.613.32- 4.8
14.120.73- 8.4
13.936.06- 3.5
38.25.9
-9.9
38.211.31- 9.2
37.916.72- 9.2
37.529.35- 1.5
69.43.8
-5.3
69.46.3
-9.6
69.39.4
1- 4.9
69.515.02- 5.5
57.94- 0.53- 2.0
50.466.93- 7.2
83.42.5
83.5
21.7-0.3-0.2
46.254.238.5
50.55- 1.933.5
26.525.15- 8.2
66.62- 5.616.9
32.93- 6.529.8
15.01- 6.1
8.2
23.213.2-9.1
24.126.71- 7.5
24.239.22- 6.9
24.544.03- 0.7
43.212.3-7.7
43.524.21- 5.9
43.535.42- 3.3
44.763.24- 2.4
69.38.1
-5.0
69.514.5-8.7
69.320.91- 3.7
69.435.72- 4.7
53.24- 1.53- 4.7
45.772.33- 8.9
81.65.0
91.1
14.1-0.4-0.5
41.958.443.7
44.55- 4.534.5
19.630.96- 1.5
18.81- 2.2
4.9
13.31- 1.4-0.3
15.21- 0.8-9.3
18.912.6
-2.4
18.925.6
-3.4
21.934.5
-4.8
18.728.7
-4.1
38.516.3
-3.0
39.531.8
-3.8
39.948.0
-5.1
38.967.5
-9.0
69.49.3
-1.1
69.415.9
-2.4
69.622.7
-3.7
69.533.4
-5.9
47.74- 0.2
3- 7.5
40.976.1
3- 9.9
79.48.4
97.8
6.9-0.4
-0.7
37.461.0
48.9
37.95- 4.5
34.5
13.037.5
6- 3.5
6.2-1.3
-2.8
6.93.3
-4.0
11.512.0
-1.2
93.10.00.0
86.80.00.0
82.50.00.0
78.50.00.0
74.80.00.0
70.50.00.0
66.00.00.0
61.90.00.0
57.70.00.0
53.90.00.0
49.20.00.0
45.40.00.0
41.20.00.0
37.20.00.0
33.20.00.0
28.70.00.0
25.10.00.0
21.20.00.0
17.20.00.0
13.60.00.0
9.80.00.0
7.90.00.0
5.90.00.0
5.20.00.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
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Coded by Lab numbers / Background L=50
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941
12279255
14563255
899955
11789255
14077255
16060255
17
3413
83106255
11197255
13487255
15475255
17258255
18829255
16118
0
75112240
105104240
12796241
14785241
16573241
18155241
19723242
210
0123
22
66117222
97111223
120103223
14094223
15884223
17471223
19052224
20517224
2190224
0127204
54122205
88116205
112110205
132102205
15093205
16783206
18269206
19750206
2118207
2250207
0131187
36126187
77121187
103115187
124109188
142101188
15892188
17481188
18967189
20348189
2160190
2019
0134169
0130169
64126170
93120170
114115170
133108170
150100171
16591171
18080171
19466172
20846172
2210173
201
0137152
0134152
47130152
80125153
104120153
123114153
140107153
156100154
17190154
18579155
19965155
21244155
2250156 1
0140
4
0137135
15133135
65129135
92125136
112119136
130113136
146107137
16199137
17690137
18978138
20364138
21542139
2280139
0140117
0136117
45133118
77129118
100124119
119119119
136113119
151106120
16698120
18089121
19378121
20663122
21841122
2310123
20
0139100
0136100
59132101
86128101
106124101
124119102
140113102
155106103
16998104
18389104
19677105
20862105
22139106
2330107
014282
013982
3113683
6913283
9212884
11112384
12811885
14411285
15810586
1729887
1858887
1987788
2116189
2233890
235091
014263
013963
4413664
7513265
9712865
11512366
13211867
14711268
16110569
1749769
1878870
2007671
2126173
2253774
237075
40142
41
0139
42
53135
43
80132
44
101128
45
118123
46
134118
47
149112
49
163105
50
17697
51
18987
53
20176
54
21460
55
22636
57
2380
58
0144
01426
21399
5813512
8313215
10312817
12012320
13611822
15011225
16410527
1779730
1908732
2027534
2156037
2273639
239041
01440
01410
181380
621350
861320
1051270
1221230
1371180
1511120
1651050
178970
191870
203754
2156010
2273516
239020
01440
01410
251380
641350
871310
1061270
1231230
1381170
1521110
1661050
179970
191870
204750
600
350 0
1440
1410
291380
661350
891310
1071270
1241230
1391170
1531110
1050 0
01270
1230 0
-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
a*
b*
L* = 50709 primaries
White D65ReferenceD50Bradford yesGamma sRGBDot mark forout of gamutClipping forR-Y-G-C-B-MhexagonOuter blue areahuman gamut
-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
a*
b*
L* = 50709 primariesWhite D65ReferenceD50Bradford yesGamma sRGB
Dot mark forout of gamutClipping forR-Y-G-C-B-MhexagonOuter blue areahuman gamut
sRGB Numbers
8
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5.1 CIELab / sRGB Grayscale Chart
Left numbers in the swatches are the CIELab lightness values L*=0 to 100. Rightnumbers are the sRGB values C’=R’=G’=B’= 0.0 to 255.0 .
The sRGB values in the file are rounded.
Black Curve for gamma-encodedvalues C’=RGB’ for sRGB
Green Linear function, comparisonBlue Curve for values without gamma-
encoding C=RGBGray Density
Gamma encoded values are indicated byan apostroph only on this page
The Tone Reproduction Curve (TRC) fromL* to C’ is surprisingly nearly linear
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Bottom right:RGB graywedge, linear by numbers
0 0.0 1 3.6 2 7.3 3 10.9 4 14.1 5 16.8 6 19.3 7 21.5 8 23.5 9 25.5 10 27.5
10 27.5 11 29.5 12 31.5 13 33.5 14 35.6 15 37.7 16 39.8 17 41.9 18 44.0 19 46.1 20 48.3
20 48.3 21 50.5 22 52.7 23 54.9 24 57.1 25 59.3 26 61.5 27 63.8 28 66.1 29 68.3 30 70.6
30 70.6 31 72.9 32 75.3 33 77.6 34 79.9 35 82.3 36 84.7 37 87.0 38 89.4 39 91.8 40 94.2
40 94.2 41 96.7 42 99.1 43 101.5 4 4 104.0 45 106.5 46 108.9 47 111.4 48 113.9 4 9 116.4 50 118.9
50 118.9 51 121.4 52 124.0 53 126.5 54 129.1 55 131.6 56 134.2 57 136.8 58 139.4 59 142.0 60 144.6
60 144.6 61 147.2 62 149.8 63 152.4 64 155.1 65 157.7 66 160.4 67 163.0 68 165.7 69 168.4 70 171.1
70 171.1 71 173.8 72 176.5 73 179.2 74 181.9 75 184.6 76 187.3 77 190.1 78 192.8 79 195.6 80 198.3
80 198.3 81 201.1 82 203.9 83 206.7 84 209.5 85 212.3 86 215.1 87 217.9 88 220.7 89 223.5 90 226.3
90 226.3 91 229.2 92 232.0 93 234.9 94 237.7 95 240.6 96 243.5 97 246.3 98 249.2 99 252.1 100 255.0
L*0
RGB’
255
RGB
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
Dens
0 20 40 60 80 100
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0 0.3 1 4.0 2 7.6 3 11.3 4 14.4 5 17.2 6 19.6 7 21.8 8 23.8 9 25.8 10 27.8
10 27.8 11 29.8 12 31.8 13 33.9 14 35.9 15 38.0 16 40.1 17 42.2 18 44.3 19 46.5 20 48.6
20 48.6 21 50.8 22 53.0 23 55.2 24 57.4 25 59.6 26 61.9 27 64.1 28 66.4 29 68.7 30 71.0
30 71.0 31 73.3 32 75.6 33 77.9 34 80.3 35 82.6 36 85.0 37 87.4 38 89.8 39 92.2 40 94.6
40 94.6 41 97.0 42 99.4 43 101.9 44 104.3 45 106.8 46 109.3 47 111.7 48 114.2 49 116.7 50 119.2
50 119.2 51 121.8 52 124.3 53 126.8 54 129.4 55 132.0 56 134.5 57 137.1 58 139.7 59 142.3 60 144.9
60 144.9 61 147.5 62 150.1 63 152.7 64 155.4 65 158.0 66 160.7 67 163.3 68 166.0 69 168.7 70 171.4
70 171.4 71 174.1 72 176.8 73 179.5 74 182.2 75 184.9 76 187.7 77 190.4 78 193.1 79 195.9 80 198.7
80 198.7 81 201.4 82 204.2 83 207.0 84 209.8 85 212.6 86 215.4 87 218.2 88 221.0 89 223.8 90 226.7
90 226.7 91 229.5 92 232.3 93 235.2 94 238.1 95 240.9 96 243.8 97 246.7 98 249.6 99 252.4 100 255.3
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
5.2 CIELab / sRGB Rich Gray Chart
The gray chart on the previous page is printed either by K-only or by rich blackCMYK. Desktop printers print mostly by K-only.
The printer can be forced to print by rich black CMYK if the values RGB areslightly different. Here we have added 1 unit of 255 to the B channel. The gray is
not accurate, but good enough for a gray balance test.
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5.3 K-only Gray Chart
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
A PostScript printer should print these charts by K-only. The patches can be usedto measure the dot gain.
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6.1 Grayscale Conversions
A color images contains additionally a patch which is filled in Photoshop in sRGBmode by RGB=128/128/128. The image is then converted to grayscale by severaldifferent dot gains. The image does not change the appearance.
If we choose in the color settings the same Gray Gamma 2.2 as a standard then thenewly loaded images will look different.The next page shows the converted images including the patch top right. The largenumber in the patch is the gray number after the conversion as measured by Photo-shop. R=G=B=128 is equivalent to L*=54 in the gray charts.
Grayscales by Photoshop should be saved by one of these formats
- EPS without PostScript color management, with 8-bit TIFF preview
- K-only CMYK
TIFF can cause shifts by Export to PDF in PageMaker 6.52 and 7.01.
Export to PDF by PageMaker 6.52 should be done in mode CMYK.
This does not affect RGB images.Vector graphics should be defined by CMYK anyway.
For offset printing by K-only we have to use an appropriate dot gain, as recommendedby the service provider/printer. The images 7 and 8 (next page) show two versions,executed by modified profiles with Black Generation=Maximum (empty plates CMY)
Color settings for Export to PDF:Settings File None / Leave Color Unchanged / Rendering Intent Default (or Rel.Col.).
The grayscale conversions work as follows:
1. Remove gamma encoding for sRGB. This is essentially a power function with gamma g1=2.2.
The numbers are converted by c2= c1g1.2. Apply dot gain encoding.
Each dot gain has an equivalent gamma value g2 (simplified model). The numbers are converted by c3= c2
1/g2.3. Altogether we get new numbers c3=c1
g1/g2
For Gray Gamma=2.2 we get c3=c1.
Dot gain % Gamma R=G=B0 1.00 55
10 1.32 8015 1.51 9320 1.74 10525 2.00 11828.2 2.20 12830 2.32 132EC 104 Black Ink Euroscale Coated v2
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1. Grayscale DG=10%
6.2 Grayscale Conversions / Saved as EPS
2. Grayscale DG=15% 3. Grayscale DG=20%
4. Grayscale DG=25% 5. Grayscale DG=30% 6. Grayscale
Black Ink - Euroscale C. v2
80 93 105
118 132 104
7. Left: CMYK K-only
Black Ink - Euroscale Coated v2
CMYK with three empty plates CMY
Coded by four bytes per pixel
Executed by Eurostandard Coated
Dot gain = 9%
Black Generation=Maximum
8. Right: CMYK K-only
Black Ink - Euroscale Coated v2
CMYK as aboveExecuted by Eurostandard Coated
Dot gain = 15%
Black Generation=Maximum
(not available for Euroscale Coated)
The grayscales were saved as EPS. PageMaker’s Export to PDF in CMYK moderetains CMYK numbers and RGB numbers and gray numbers in grayscales.
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6.3 Grayscale K-only Printing / PDF/X-1a
This chapter describes a workflow which is entirely based on one offset profile, herefor instance ISO Coated. The description follows Adobe CS2 with Acrobat7 Profes-sional.
Define color settings in Photoshop:RGB sRGB (for instance)CMYK ISO CoatedGray Black Ink ISO Coated (by loading ISO Coated)Spot Dot gain 20%Save as sRGB-ISO-ISO-20.csf
Synchronization by Bridge delivers in InDesign:
RGB sRGBCMYK ISO CoatedGray Undefined (probably gamma=2.2)Spot Undefined
Manual synchronization for Acrobat delivers:RGB sRGBCMYK ISO CoatedGray Black Ink ISO CoatedSpot Undefined
Image processing by Photoshop:Color imageMode GrayscaleMake new doc in CMYK with white background and the same size by pixelsColor management: Use ISO Coated (the purpose is not clear, probably not wrong)Grayscale: select all, copyCMYK: paste into channel KSave CMYK as uncompressed TIFF, without embedding the ICC profile
Workflow in InDesign:Make documentPlace TIFFSave as PDF/X-1a, with modified joboptions:Downsample to 288dpi if above / use ZIP 8 bits per channel / Leave color unchangedUse Rendering Intent ISO Coated (this is merely an information)
Now we have a PDF/X-1a compliant PDF. Pure CMYK, but the channels CMY areempty, which should be told to the press people. The viewing conditions in Photoshop,
InDesign and Acrobat are consistently defined by CMYK.An example for file size:Grayscale 458 kB, CMYK 1832 kB, ZIP8-PDF 519 kB. The compression ratio isn‘tgood for ZIP-8, but empty channels don‘t contribute much to file size.
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7.1 Reflectance / Density / Visual Dot Area
The table on the next page shows the density D, the reflectance factor R, the CIE1931 luminance Y, the Lab lightness L* and the visual dot area A for different blackdensities D
b
.
All this is valid for assumed ideal conditions:
Density D Reflectance R CIE Y Lab L*Darkness infinite 0 0 0Paper white 0 1 100 100
In matrix calculations the range for Y is 0 to 1. Here we have, as in many programs,the range 0 to 100. Hence, Y is merely R multiplied by 100.
The visual dot area A is calculated by the Murray-Davies model.
Toner printers may have black at D=1.5.Offset and inkjet densities can be above D=2.
Calculation
D R
RY R
A
Y R if R
D
D
Db
= −
==
=−
−
= >
−
−
−
log( )
10100
1 10
1 10
011 3 ..
. /
*
008856
7 787 16 116
116 16
1
1
Y R else
L Y
= +
= −
Linearizattion for L*< 8
D
L R
L Y
>
=
=
2 0528
903 29
9 03
.
* .
* .
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Dens.D Refl.R CIE Y Lab L* Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A Area A
0...2.8 0...1 0...100 0...100 Db=1.4 Db=1.6 Db=1.8 Db=2.0 Db=2.2 Db=2.4 Db=2.6 Db=2.8
2.8000 0.0015 0.15 1.43 1.0000
2.7500 0.0017 0.17 1.60 0.99982.7000 0.0020 0.20 1.80 0.9995
2.6500 0.0022 0.22 2.02 0.9993
2.6000 0.0025 0.25 2.26 1.0000 0.9990
2.5500 0.0028 0.28 2.54 0.9996 0.9987
2.5000 0.0031 0.31 2.85 0.9993 0.9984
2.4500 0.0035 0.35 3.20 0.9989 0.9980
2.4000 0.0039 0.39 3.59 1.0000 0.9985 0.9976
2.3500 0.0044 0.44 4.03 0.9995 0.9980 0.9971
2.3000 0.0050 0.50 4.52 0.9989 0.9974 0.9965
2.2500 0.0056 0.56 5.08 0.9983 0.9968 0.9959
2.2000 0.0063 0.63 5.70 1.0000 0.9976 0.9961 0.9952
2.1500 0.0070 0.70 6.39 0.9992 0.9968 0.9954 0.9944
2.1000 0.0079 0.79 7.17 0.9983 0.9960 0.9945 0.99362.0500 0.0089 0.89 8.05 0.9973 0.9950 0.9935 0.9926
2.0000 0.0100 1.00 8.99 1.0000 0.9962 0.9939 0.9924 0.9915
1.9500 0.0112 1.12 9.97 0.9987 0.9950 0.9927 0.9912 0.9903
1.9000 0.0125 1.25 10.98 0.9973 0.9936 0.9913 0.9898 0.9889
1.8500 0.0141 1.41 12.04 0.9958 0.9921 0.9898 0.9883 0.9874
1.8000 0.0158 1.58 13.13 1.0000 0.9940 0.9904 0.9880 0.9866 0.9857
1.7500 0.0177 1.77 14.27 0.9980 0.9921 0.9884 0.9861 0.9846 0.9837
1.7000 0.0199 1.99 15.46 0.9958 0.9899 0.9862 0.9839 0.9825 0.9816
1.6500 0.0223 2.23 16.69 0.9933 0.9874 0.9838 0.9815 0.9800 0.9791
1.6000 0.0251 2.51 17.97 1.0000 0.9905 0.9847 0.9810 0.9787 0.9773 0.9764
1.5500 0.0281 2.81 19.30 0.9968 0.9874 0.9816 0.9779 0.9757 0.9742 0.9733
1.5000 0.0316 3.16 20.68 0.9933 0.9839 0.9781 0.9745 0.9722 0.9708 0.96991.4500 0.0354 3.54 22.11 0.9893 0.9800 0.9742 0.9706 0.9683 0.9669 0.9660
1.4000 0.0398 3.98 23.60 1.0000 0.9849 0.9756 0.9698 0.9662 0.9640 0.9626 0.9617
1.3500 0.0446 4.46 25.15 0.9949 0.9799 0.9707 0.9649 0.9613 0.9591 0.9577 0.9568
1.3000 0.0501 5.01 26.76 0.9892 0.9743 0.9651 0.9594 0.9559 0.9536 0.9522 0.9513
1.2500 0.0562 5.62 28.44 0.9828 0.9680 0.9589 0.9532 0.9497 0.9475 0.9461 0.9452
1.2000 0.0631 6.31 30.18 0.9757 0.9610 0.9519 0.9463 0.9428 0.9406 0.9392 0.9383
1.1500 0.0708 7.08 31.98 0.9677 0.9531 0.9441 0.9385 0.9351 0.9329 0.9315 0.9306
1.1000 0.0794 7.94 33.86 0.9587 0.9442 0.9353 0.9298 0.9264 0.9242 0.9228 0.92201.0500 0.0891 8.91 35.81 0.9486 0.9343 0.9255 0.9200 0.9166 0.9145 0.9131 0.9123
1.0000 0.1000 10.00 37.84 0.9373 0.9231 0.9144 0.9090 0.9057 0.9035 0.9022 0.9014
0.9500 0.1122 11.22 39.94 0.9246 0.9106 0.9020 0.8967 0.8934 0.8913 0.8900 0.8892
0.9000 0.1259 12.59 42.13 0.9103 0.8966 0.8881 0.8829 0.8796 0.8776 0.8763 0.8754
0.8500 0.1412 14.12 44.41 0.8943 0.8808 0.8725 0.8674 0.8641 0.8621 0.8609 0.86010.8000 0.1584 15.84 46.77 0.8764 0.8631 0.8550 0.8500 0.8468 0.8448 0.8436 0.8428
0.7500 0.1778 17.78 49.23 0.8562 0.8433 0.8354 0.8304 0.8273 0.8254 0.8242 0.8234
0.7000 0.1995 19.95 51.78 0.8336 0.8211 0.8133 0.8085 0.8055 0.8036 0.8024 0.8017
0.6500 0.2238 22.38 54.43 0.8083 0.7961 0.7886 0.7839 0.7810 0.7792 0.7780 0.7773
0.6000 0.2511 25.11 57.19 0.7798 0.7681 0.7608 0.7563 0.7535 0.7518 0.7506 0.7500
0.5500 0.2818 28.18 60.05 0.7479 0.7366 0.7297 0.7254 0.7227 0.7210 0.7199 0.7193
0.5000 0.3162 31.62 63.03 0.7121 0.7013 0.6947 0.6906 0.6881 0.6865 0.6854 0.6848
0.4500 0.3548 35.48 66.12 0.6719 0.6618 0.6555 0.6517 0.6492 0.6477 0.6468 0.6462
0.4000 0.3981 39.81 69.33 0.6268 0.6174 0.6115 0.6079 0.6057 0.6043 0.6034 0.6028
0.3500 0.4466 44.66 72.67 0.5762 0.5675 0.5622 0.5589 0.5568 0.5555 0.5547 0.5541
0.3000 0.5011 50.11 76.14 0.5194 0.5116 0.5068 0.5038 0.5019 0.5008 0.5000 0.4996
0.2500 0.5623 56.23 79.74 0.4558 0.4489 0.4447 0.4420 0.4404 0.4394 0.4387 0.4383
0.2000 0.6309 63.09 83.49 0.3843 0.3785 0.3749 0.3727 0.3713 0.3705 0.3699 0.3696
0.1500 0.7079 70.79 87.38 0.3041 0.2995 0.2967 0.2950 0.2939 0.2932 0.2927 0.2925
0.1000 0.7943 79.43 91.43 0.2142 0.2109 0.2089 0.2077 0.2069 0.2064 0.2061 0.2060
0.0500 0.8912 89.12 95.63 0.1132 0.1115 0.1105 0.1098 0.1094 0.1091 0.1090 0.1089
0.0000 1.0000100.00 100.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
7.2 Reflectance ... / Table
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0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0CMYK Input
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
C M Y K P r i n
t e d
1.02.03.0
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0G0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
%
dgG dg
1.00 0.0
1.10 3.3
1.20 6.5
1.30 9.4
1.40 12.1
1.50 14.6
1.60 17.0
1.70 19.2
1.80 21.3
1.90 23.2
2.00 25.0
2.10 26.72.20 28.2
2.30 29.7
2.40 31.1
2.50 32.3
2.60 33.5
2.70 34.6
2.80 35.6
2.90 36.6
3.00 37.5
G dg
1.00 0.0
1.07 2.5
1.15 5.0
1.23 7.5
1.32 10.0
1.42 12.5
1.51 15.0
1.62 17.5
1.74 20.0
1.86 22.5
2.00 25.0
2.15 27.52.32 30.0
2.51 32.5
2.74 35.0
3.00 37.5
8.1 Dot Gain
This diagram shows the growth
of the area of printed dots on thepaper.A printer tone reproduction curveis often similar to a power func-tion, like the so-called Gammafunction for a monitor, but shownsomewhat mirrored.For Gamma=2.0 we read for theinput 0.50 (50%) the output value
0.75 which is interpreted as dotgain 25%.According to ISO the dot gain hasto be measured at 40%.Photoshop seems to use 50%.
A gray profile can be derived from a color CMYK profile. But it seems that the dot
gain is different for rich black and K-only.
x
y
Formulas
y x
y x
At x
dg y x x
dg x
G
G
o
o o
oG
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1
1 1
1 1
− = −
= − −
= −
= − − − xx
For x
left diagram table
dg
For x
dg
o
o
G
o
=
+
= −
=
= −
0 5
0 5 0 5
0 4
0 6
.
( )
. .
.
. 00 6
100
.
%
G
Multiply dgby
The lower diagram shows the dotgain as a function of Gamma.
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8.2 Dot Gain
This diagram shows the den-
sity D and the value K as func-tions of the CIELab lightness.
The function K(L*) is based onmeasurements L* in a swatchbook for Euroscale Coated v2.A simple quadratic functionwas used for curve fitting.
L* = 0 means darknessL* = 100 means paper white
L*0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
D
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
K
0 20 40 60 80 100
L L
K L L
=
= − −
* /
( . . . )
100
100 1 125 0 5 0 625 2
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9. Black Generation
Black Generation means the strategy how
to replace CMY ink by K ink in dark areas.UCR (Undercolor Removal):Equal amounts of color ink are replacedby K ink in neutral areas.GCR (Gray Component Replacement):Equal amounts of color ink above a certainlevel are replaced by K ink everywhere.
The curves were created by Gretag Mac-
beth Profile Editor, mode Graybalance:’The Gray Balance window indicates thecurve of the Lab lightness axis for each
color channel. The L* range (= Lightnessaxis) is from 0 to 100.’
This cannot be true. At least are the axesin reverse direction.
Euroscale Coated v2 uses medium GCR,ISO Coated heavy GCR and the inkjet wasprofiled for light GCR. This is necessary inorder to avoid the so-called pepper effect.Stronger GCR stabilizes the graybalance.
Characterizations like medium, heavy orlight are not standardized.
Offset Profile ISO Coated
Inkjet Profile for Mutoh 6100
Offset Profile Euroscale Coated
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10. Files
This document is available in two versions:
Web Preview / about 300 kB
http://www.fho-emden.de/~hoffmann/a3gencolortest.pdf
High Quality JPEG / ZIP 144dpi / about 2 MB
http://www.fho-emden.de/~hoffmann/a3gencolorhigh.pdf
EPS file for the IT8 target 50 kB
http://www.fho-emden.de/~hoffmann/targetrgb.txt
Please rename to targetrgb.eps
The file contains a reference data table
View and print by Photoshop, PageMaker or InDesign
This document was tested by
QMS 6100 Magicolor
Fargo Pictura 310e
Lexmark 4079 plus
Mutoh RJ 6100 + PosterShop Pro
Mutoh RJ 6100 + Best Colorproof
Mutoh RJ 6100 + ColorGate ProductionServer
Okidata C9600
Gernot Hoffmann
January 26 / 2008Website
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